long-term surface infiltration monitoring of permeable … · 2020. 6. 18. · location 2 ....
TRANSCRIPT
Long-Term Surface Infiltration Monitoring of
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement
Kevin Earley, Nicolock Paving Stones
PICP Case Study - Lindenhurst Library
Design
3/31/10
10% open area No. 8 Stone in Joints > 500 in/hr Surface Infiltration Rate
Let’s Look at another Project Example Before Discussing Surface Infiltration Rate Testing
PICP Case Study Material Supply Yard in Long Island
Before
Starts with Engineering
Subgrade Soil Analysis
Light Brown Coarse to fine sand with few gravel (SP)
•Appendix D NYS Stormwater Design Manual
•12” diameter pipe
• Pre-soak
• Falling head infiltration test
•Average infiltration rate > 100 in/hr.
Design
• Store 100,000 SF for 1.5” storm event=12,500 ft3 • Utilize existing drywells • Install 9,000 SF of PICP in lieu of more drywells • Allow for contributory run-on including roof
drains (~ 11 x’s permeable pavement area) • Installed in 2010
PICP avoided the installation of 22 12’ diam. drywells and provided a useful surface and recharge basin all in one
NO. 9
ASTM No. 9 Stone in Joints
Infiltration is Related to Joint Fill
Approx. Particle Size Permeability (k) in/hr
ASTM No. 8 (2-10 mm) 1,400 – 4,000
ASTM No. 9 (2-5 mm) 140 - 1,400
ASTM No. 10 (1-3 mm) 14 – 140
ASTM C 33 (sand) 1.4 to 14
Visual inspection during/after a rainstorm
Quantify using a test method
How Do We Measure Performance?
Visual Observation
Neoprene pad
300 mm dia. ring
Stone filled buckets
Research Devices
Showerhead
Surface Infiltration Testing
29
ASTM C 1781-13 Standard Test Method for Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Unit Pavement Systems
ASTM C 1781 Origins
ASTM C 1701
12” Diameter Ring Constant Head Test
ASTM C1781 Procedures • 12” diameter ring with 0.4 and 0.6” marks • Plumbers Putty – Federal Spec A-A-3110 • 3 locations for up to 25,000 ft2 , one for each
additional 10,000 ft2 • Prewet with 8# of water – if < 30 sec use 40#,
otherwise use 8# • Test within 2 minutes, 2nd pour within 5
minutes of 1st
• Simple calculation: I = K*M/(D2*t)
New Test Method Modifies C 1701 1. Broaden use to includes – clay pavers, concrete
pavers, and grid pavers 2. Recommends a maximum ring height of 6” to avoid
splash effect 3. Clarifies test location selection and adds more
documentation 4. Follows same procedures and calculations as
ASTM C 1701 5. Provides a non-mandatory appendix to normalize
ring drainage area to entire pavement area to improve accuracy
How are we doing at the Library?
• No. 8 Stone in Joints • Little traffic or sediment, no maintenance • First test 20 months post-construction
Library Test Results and graph Location 1 Location 2 Location 3
(inches/hr) 20 months Post Construction 4/4/11 481 492 656
487 422 687 Location Average: 484 457 671
Site Average: 537 44 months Post Construction
4/18/2013 299 196 320 289 186 271
Location Average: 294 191 296 Site Average: 260
48 months Post Construction 8/29/2013 250 185 265
222 169 275 Location Average: 236 177 270
Site Average: 227
80% reduction may be in ~ 6 yrs
60% reduction in 4.1 yrs
10 in/hr design rate
How are we doing at the Supply Yard?
• No. 9 Stone in Joints • Lots of traffic and sediment, no maintenance • Detailed analysis underway
Location #1
Location #2
Location #3
Location of Measurements
Location 1 Location 2 Location 3
(inches/hr) Less than 1 week Post Construction 10/21/2010 206 302 358
183 350 313 Location Average: 195 326 336
Site Average: 285
6 months Post Construction 4/4/2011 321 341 336
340 327 353 Location Average: 331 334 345
Site Average: 336
13 months Post Construction 11/2/2011 250 229 242
244 232 238 Location Average: 247 231 240
Site Average: 239
Year 1 Results
Install Flush, Equilibrium???
Decreasing, But Consistent, No Patterns
Location 1 Location 2 Location 3
(inches/hr) 18 months Post Construction
4/11/2012 176 227 291
150 181 53
Location Avr. 163 204 172 Site Average: 180
30 months Post Construction
4/8/2013 78 98 153
83 94 147
Location Avr. 81 96 150 Site Average: 109
Year 2 Results
Decreasing, Location 3, Outlier
Decreasing, Pattern Develops
Location 1 Location 2 Location 3
35 months Post Construction
8/6/2013 36 113 207
74 110 140
Location Avr. 55 112 174
Site Average: 113
Year 3 Results
Stabilizing, Pattern Clear
(inches/hr)
68% reduction in 3 yrs
Predict 80% reduction in ~ 4 yrs
10 in/hr design rate
The Edge Effect
Results and picture of clogging test 5 in/hr (26 min.)
Gradation of clogged joint
Gradation of Joint Material
SIEVES collected collected
8/2/2010 8/29/2013 US sieve size Diameter, m % finer % finer 3/8" 9.5 100 100 No. 4 4.75 72.25 66.7 No. 8 2.36 15.36 24.7 No. 16 1.18 5.25 19.2 No. 30 0.6 2.67 14.6 No. 50 0.3 1.64 5.8 No. 100 0.15 1.03 2.2 No. 200 0.075 1.01 1.1
Conclusions 1. Fine sediment in permeable pavements will reduce
long-term surface infiltration rates
2. Clogging is common and biased
3. Less clogging potential with # 8 stone vs. # 9 stone
4. ASTM C 1781 is an inexpensive and simple test to
measure surface infiltration on PICP and other forms of
permeable pavement
5. Use ASTM C 1781 for acceptance and corrective action
triggers
Joint Stone Reduction 80%
clogging
# 8 60% in 4 yrs > 6 yrs
# 9 68% in 3 yrs 4 yrs
PICP Industry Recommendations 4th Edition PICP Manual
• Hydrologic design • Structural design • Construction guidelines C1701 acceptance testing Min. 100 in./hr (250 cm/hr) • Maintenance guidelines C1701 performance testing Min. 10 in./hr (25 cm/hr)
For additional information about PICP contact: Kevin Earley 631-774-6431 [email protected]