Looking for EvidenceLooking for Evidence

1. The fossil record

2. A mechanism for change

If the evolution of humans from an ape-like ancestor is true there should be two proof evidences:

If these evidences are absent, then the only alternative is special creation by God

History of ManHistory of Man

Evolution begins with the assumption that man has

evolved from ape-like creatures

Pick your relativePick your relative

The Bible teaches that God created man

So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female

Genesis 1:27

School TextbooksSchool Textbooks

“Look closely at your hand. You have five flexible fingers. Animals with five flexible fingers are called primates. Monkeys, apes, and humans are examples of primates….Primates most likely evolved from small, insect-eating rodentlike mammals that lived about 60 million years ago.”

Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Biology – Visualizing Life, 1998, p. 213.

School TextbooksSchool Textbooks

“But all researchers agree on certain basic facts. We know, for example, that humans evolved from ancestors we share with other living primates such as chimpanzees and apes.”

Miller and Levine, Biology, 2000, p. 757.

Java Man Java Man Pithecanthropus erectusPithecanthropus erectus 1891: An apelike skullcap and a

humanlike thighbone were found 45 feet apart – claim: 500,000

“In my opinion this creature was an animal, a giant gibbon, in fact. The thigh bone has not the slightest connection with the skull.”

Rudolph Virchow (regarded as the father of modern pathology) stated at the time of discovery:

Java ManJava Man

Leading authorities of the time rejected Dubois’s findings

Hackel, a prime promoter of evolution and Java Man, already had a reputation for fraud in promoting his views on evolution

Since 1950, anthropologists and textbooks have been calling Java man Homo erectus

Human fossils were also found in Java dating about the same age as Java Man

Piltdown ManPiltdown Man Parts found between 1908 and 1912 in Piltdown,

England Portion of human skull Portion of lower ape-like jaw

The claim: 500,000 year old intermediate link

New York Times ran an article: New York Times ran an article: ““Darwin Theory Proved True.”

Featured in textbooks and encyclopedias In 1953 scientists studied the bones

A fraud (600 year old bones)The truth:

Piltdown man

Nebraska ManNebraska Man

1922 fossil evidence was discovered Used to support evolution in the 1925

Scopes trial The claim: 1 million year old intermediate

link

An extinct pig’s tooth

The truth:

RamapithecusRamapithecus

Pithecos = Greek for ape

Discovered in 1930s: jaw fragments and teeth

RamapithecusRamapithecus

In 1970 a baboon living in Ethiopia was discovered. Same dental structure Similar morphological features found on

Ramapithecus ;

Ramapithecus dropped from human line

The claim: 14 million year old intermediate between ape-like creatures and humans

The truth:

RamapithecusRamapithecus

• 1979 a complete Ramapithecus skull was discovered and revealed the creature to be similar to modern orangutanes

Summary of “Facts”Summary of “Facts”

Java Man ………… Two different creatures

Piltdown Man ……. Hoax Nebraska Man …..Pig Ramapithecus ….. Ape

In each case the date (age) was completely WRONG!

What about the dates?

Neandertals

Lucy and the Australopithicines

Australopithicines• 1924 Ramon Dart discovered

Australopithecus africanus (Tang child)…the skull was very different from anything seen before.

• By 1940s many Australopiecus remains had been found

Australopithicines• 1948 the remains of another human-ape

type of creature in S. Africa was found… it appeared more primitive and apelike than africanus and was named Australopithecus robustus

Lucy• In 1974 “Lucy” was discovered in the Afar

region of Ethiopia… this skeleton was small: about 3.5 feet tall , head about the size of a softball…40% skeleton was recovered…classified as Australopithecus Afarensis

Lucy and the AustralopithecinesLucy and the Australopithecines Lucy discovered in 1974 About 40% of the fossil was found Claimed to be 3.5 million years old Claimed bipedal (walked upright)

Lucy and the AustralopithecinesLucy and the Australopithecines

Long arms are identical to chimpanzees Jaws are similar to chimpanzees Upper leg bone is similar to chimpanzees Lucy’s legs were very ape-like Brain size (400-500 cc) overlaps chimpanzees Large back muscles for tree dwelling Hands similar to pygmy chimpanzee Feet were long and curved

No similarity in appearance to humans

Australopithecus africanus

• Believed to have erect posture ( now in question: more likely had a waddling gait), were small slender, about 4 feet tall, weight between 80-100 pounds, brain about size of a gorilla…When compared to a female chimpanzee, it appears to be more apelike than human-like

• Truth: it appears to be an extinct ape

Australopithecus robustus:

• Skull and jaw heavier, back teeth larger than front, used for grinding vegetables, stood about 5 feet tallm, weight 130-150 pounds. Short squatty massive skeleton

• Truth: extinct ape…no human relations

• A. robustus • A. boisei

Tang child

• A. africanus

Australopithecus boisei

• Discovered 1959 by Lois and Mary Leakey.

• Identified by shattered skull bones numbering into about 400 pieces

• Later determined to be an extinct ape…no human relations

Homo habilis ( handy man)

• Was Identified by skull nad leg bones

• Many evolutionist believe that Homo habilis should be reclassified as Australopithecus

• Many ( including evolutionist) believe H. habilis to be a mixture of human and ape fossils

Homo habilis ( handy man)

• The bones were found in 1972 in Kenya, with the skull being incomplete, badly shattered and a relative distance from any leg bones recovered.

Homo Habilis

NeandertalsNeandertals

Original Drawing of Neandertal

NeandertalsNeandertals

Constructed to look ape-like Brain capacity about 200 cc larger

First found near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856

Initial construction discovered to be wrongInitial construction discovered to be wrong Used jewelry Used musical instruments Did cave paintings Capable of speech Buried their dead

Neandertal Burial CitesNeandertal Burial Cites

“Most anthropologists recognize burial as a very human, and a very religious, act. But the strongest evidence that Neandertals were fully human and of our species is that at four sites Neandertals and modern humans were buried together.”

Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 1998 p.89.

Neandertal AnatomyNeandertal Anatomy

Thick brow

Stocky body build Short extremities

Neandertals Were HumanNeandertals Were Human

“Neanderthals were human. They buried their dead, used tools, had a complex social structure, employed language, and played musical instruments.

Neanderthal anatomy differences are extremely minor and can be for the most part explained as a result of a genetically isolated people that lived a rigorous life in a harsh, cold climate.”

Dave Phillips (Physical Anthropologist), “Neanderthals Are Still Human,” Impact Article #223, May, 2000

Neandertals Were HumanNeandertals Were Human

“If early human populations were ‘very small and isolated from one another’, gradually each would accumulate ‘different losses’ [in mitochondrial DNA] until they all came to look really different from each other because of the drift. …

Nothing in the new data rules out the possibility that Neandertals interbred with ordinary Homo sapiens, which would make them part of the same species.”

R. Ward and C. Stringer, “A molecular handle on the Neanderthals”, Nature, pp. 225–226.

Conclusion About NeandertalsConclusion About Neandertals

Protruding brow ridge Stocky body build and short extremities Isolated population of people Lived in a cold, harsh climate 100% human

Neandertal man, reconstructed from a skull found in La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France

Homo sapien sapien

• Ice man• Cromagnon man• Discovered in 1868 in

southwest France in some caves

• Classifed same as today’s human

Man has always been Man

• All the fossils of humans can be regarded as Homo sapiens

• Genesis 2-7 God Himself shaped and fashioned man from the dust of the ground and then breathed into his nostrils to give him life

Three QuestionsThree Questions

Are textbooks and the media presenting all the information?

If you receive only selected information are you being taught or indoctrinated?

Why are textbook writers afraid of presenting all the information?