looking to central eurasia? · cyprus, turkey and ukraine, is eurasia’s gateway to the rest of...

LOOKING TO CENTRAL EURASIA?This medical and healthcare industry report, prepared by Reed Tuyap exhibitions, organisersof expoMED and labtechMED, offers international companies the information needed to open the door to the emerging economies of Turkey, Russia, CIS, Balkans and MENA.

www.reedtuyap.com.tr

executive

The Eurasia region is one of the most dynamic and fastest developing economic areas on Earth, and the medical sector within the region is equally exciting. The region consists of the developmentally and socially varied countries of South-Eastern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Transcaucasia and Central Asia.

These countries have Istanbul at their centre; the ancient and modern hub of trade, transport and social development. Istanbul is seen by many as the capital of Eurasia, and is the best connected city to the region. Turkey has visa free access to most countries within Eurasia, and offers a unique place for the region to meet; and meet the rest of the world. Turkish Airlines has its hub at Istanbul Ataturk Airport, and flies to 261 destinations world wide, and has the most comprehensive coverage of the region by any carrier.

Istanbul is the heart of the Turkish economy, the largest in the Eurasia region, which has seen huge levels of GDP growth in the last decade. This growth has been more than matched by the development of its healthcare system and social welfare spending. Turkish medical products are now being widely exported to the region, although there is very strong demand for imported products in many sub-sectors, especially in high-technology areas.

Transcaucasia, made up of Armenia,Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia, has seenrapid economic growth in recent years. Thestagnation of the Russian economy in the lastyear will cause this to slow across the othercountries within the region, but there still willbe robust growth. There are significantgeographic and wealth inequalities withinthese countries, and these are being tackledthrough government investment, especiallywithin the healthcare sector. Azerbaijan, withits plentiful oil and gas resources isparticularly fast developing, with medicalspending growing tenfold in the last decade,and over 500 hospitals nationwide.

summary By Gökhan Evcil, Event Director of expoMED and labtechMED Eurasia

Although it is difficult to create a coherentnarrative about such a diverse region, theeconomies are typified by rapid growth overthe last decade; which has beenaccompanied by government investment inmedical and social infrastructure, and greatpotential for growth in the medium term.

The South-Eastern European area, consistingof Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia,Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia,Slovenia, The Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus, Turkey and Ukraine, is Eurasia’sgateway to the rest of Europe. The regionhas on the whole been more resilient to theglobal financial crisis than Northern andWestern Europe, and has seen a more rapidreturn to growth. The healthcare structure isgenerally well developed, and has somemedical device domestic production, but ahigh level of imports.

North Africa, consisting of Algeria, Egypt,Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, has seen somepolitical changes since the Arab Spring,which has limited the growth of someeconomies, but has lead to some reforms toencourage social welfare, which haveincluded the development of the publichealthcare sector. Egypt is the largesteconomy in North Africa, and has seenmedical device spending increase by a CAGRof 10% in the last 5 years. There is someproduction within the region, mainly ofdisposables, with some fast growingcompanies pushing the industry forward.

The Middle East consists of Bahrain, Iran,Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman,Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UnitedArab Emirates and Yemen. These countriesvary from some of the largest and fastestgrowing in the world to countriesexperiencing major security issues andpoverty. Saudi Arabia is the largest MENAeconomy, with huge levels of governmentinvestment in the country’s infrastructure,including the healthcare sector. Jordan has amuch smaller economy, but a higher level ofhealthcare spending as a % of GDP. Jordan isthe number one health tourism destinationin the MENA region, and number 5 in theworld. To facilitate this there is an extremelymodern and efficient private healthcaresector, which relies almost entirely onimported goods. Within the region, some ofthe wealthiest economies are starting tocreate business environments which supportthe high-tech medical device production, butmost companies within the region focuses ondisposables goods.

The Central Asian region, consisting ofKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan has seen incredible,sustained growth over the past decade, and avery young population to continue this level ofdynamism in the future. Economic growth hasbeen fueled by mineral and hydrocarbonresource development and associatedindustries, and economic reforms to open theregion up to the rest of the world. Kazakhstan isthe largest country, and has the largesteconomy, both in terms of GDP and GDP percapita, and is often the first country thatexporters look at, but other countries have amassive growth potential. Healthcare provisionvaries greatly by country, and geographicallyand socially within the countries themselves.There have been a wide investment in thehealthcare systems, but standards have oftenbeen raised from a very low base. There is avery small domestic production base within theregion, but imports make up the majority ofconsumption.

At the heart of these geographic areas,expoMED Eurasia is at the centre of theregional medical industry, and provides a placefor buyers from both the public and privatesectors to meet suppliers of all types of medicalsupplies.The purchasing structure of the countriesrepresented as visitors at expoMED are notalways entirely transparent, and face to faceconversations and direct relationship buildingare essential to getting products to market andexporting in the region. expoMED provides aplatform for suppliers to meet key decisionmaker from national, regional and local levelsfrom all the Eurasian area, and gives buyers theopportunity to meet with manufacturers ofinnovative products.

12

34

1

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE

3

2 KAZAKHSTANKYRGYZSTANTAJIKISTANTURKMENISTANUZBEKISTAN

CENTRAL ASIA

ALGERIA BAHRAINEGYPT IRANIRAQ ISRAEL JORDAN MOROCCO OMAN QATARSAUDI ARABIA UAE

MENA TRANSCAUCASIA

ARMENIAGEORGIA AZERBAIJANRUSSIA

4

ALBANIA BULGARIA CROATIA GREECE KOSOVO MACEDONIA ROMANIA SERBIA TURKEY UKRAINE

Welcome to Central Eurasia……………………………….

Central Eurasia is where Eastern Europe meets Central and Southwest Asia. It has more than

33countries of which 31 are listed in this report.

28Countries have easy visa access to Turkey and

4Countries are listed on the world bank’sHighest economic growth list for 2014. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,, Iraq

TOP

7,40%

9,00%

9,00%

9,50%

10,40%

10,50%

10,70%

12,20%

15,30%

20,10%

Morocco

Ukraine

Israel

United Arab Emirates

Oman

Egypt

Jordan

Saudi Arabia

Qatar

Iraq

CAGR (2009 - 2014) of Medical Device Expenditure

450

573

579

712

727

852

928

1980

2207

5091

Iraq

Egypt

Greece

Ukraine

Iran

United Arab Emirates

Israel

Saudi Arabia

Turkey

Russia

Medical Device Imports (US$m)

1OMedical Device Expenditure

$m

Total expenditure on health per Capita (US$)

Greece $2,346 Israel $2,239 Qatar $1,805 Russia $1,474 Croatia $1,410

United Arab Emirates $1,355

Serbia $1,250 Bulgaria $1,177 Turkey $1,144

Saudi Arabia $1144

Total Medical Device Expenditure (US$m)

Russia 6485

Turkey 2208

Saudi Arabia 1972

Israel 1187

United Arab Emirates 897

Greece 789,8

Iran 689

Egypt 641

Ukraine 638

Iraq 498,1

Read on for more information on individual countries listed by A-Z

ALBANIAEconomy Overview

The Albanian economy is rebounding after a slight dipthrough the global financial crisis with projected growthrates of 3% in 2014. Prior to the crisis, Albania was oneof the fastest growing economies in Europe, withrapidly increasing GDP and falling rates of poverty,fueled by foreign investment and productivity growth.

Albania has a strong natural resources base, withagriculture making up 20% of GDP, and the largestonshore oil reserves in Europe, with the economydiversifying towards industry and service sector. Largescale investment from government is ongoing, whichpropel exports of $2.5bn in 2013.

Product Interest for Import :

Healthcare Overview

Albania has a fast developing healthcare system, withspending split equally between the public and privatesectors. The growing middle class is demanding highstandards of medical provision, fueling a boom inprivate healthcare and a predicted growth of capitalinvestment.

Increasing demand and a Westernized outlook haslead to high levels of medical imports, with nearly allproducts being imported. Medical devicemanufacturers need authorisation from the Ministryof Health to operate in Albania.

Language: Albanian Capital City: Tirana Flight Time to Istanbul: 1hr.45min

Currency: Lek

Lek: USD: 126: 1 Population: 3.17m GDP/Capita:$4.565

Total expenditure on healthcarePer capita: $541

GDP Predicted growth2015: 3%

Total expenditure on health (% of GDP): 6%

Physicians / 1000 people::1.1

Hospital Beds / 1000 people: 2.6

Contact: Ministry of HealthBulevardi Bajram Curri Nr 1TiranaAlbania+355 4 2376 [email protected]

computer tomography imaging systems, magnetic resonance imaging, sophisticated digitalized x-ray equipment, invasive and non-invasive surgery equipment, cardiology equipment, EKG and ultrasound, defibrillators, vascular stents, pacemakers, oncology equipment, urology, dentistry and laboratory and testing equipment

ALGERIAEconomy Overview

Algeria has remained stable throughout the politicalupheavals of recent years in Arab countries, withprojected GDP growth of 4% in 2015. The oil and gassector is the single largest industry, accounting for 97%of exports.

Government focus has been aimed at creating afavourable business environment, putting in placereforms to the private sector, as well as launchinginfrastructure projects. The Algerian government aimsto further develop the hydrocarbon sector, as well aspromoting economic diversification.

Product Interest for Import

Healthcare Overview

Algeria has a young population, with governmentpolicy favouring preventative health care and clinicsover hospitals. A small market for private medical careexists, with all citizens covered by public provision.The number of physicians and hospital beds are belowregional averages,

Investment in medical devices is growing by 6% per year, from US$411m in 2012. Medical devices must be approved by the Ministry of Health and Population, with all documentation submitted in French or Arabic.

Language: Arabic, Berber, French

Capital City: Algiers Flight Time to Istanbul: 3hr 40min

Currency: Dinar

Dinar:USD = 93: 1 Population: 39.2m GDP/Capita:$5,606



Total expenditure on health (% of GDP): 5.3%



Contact: Ministry of HealthMinistère de la Santé, de la Population et de la Réforme Hospitalière125, Bd Abderrahmane Laala, El-Madania16075 – Alger, Algeria+213 (0) 21 27 99 00www.ands.dz

High-tech Medical and Surgical Equipment

ARMENIAEconomy Overview

Armenia has seen huge economic development overthe past 20 years, with double digit annual growth, widespread economic reforms and foreign investmentleading to a long term change within the country.

Since a dip during the financial crisis, growth has slowedto approximately 3.5%, still outperforming manyEurasian economies. Low levels of private sectorcompetitiveness still offers room for further growth,and the Armenian government has looked to improvethe investment climate, and the opening up of theeconomy.

Healthcare Overview

Recent years have seen Armenia’s healthcare systemundergo a period of decentralisation, with someprivate healthcare provision developing. There are120 Hospitals, 22 of which are in the private sector,with approximately 50% of health expenditure comingfrom private sources.

A roll-out of mandatory medical insurance began in2012, which will provide more universal healthcare,and create a need for investment.

.

Language: Armenian Capital City: Yerevan Flight Time to Istanbul: N/A

Currency: Dram

Dram:USD = 478: 1 Population: 2.97m GDP/Capita:$3,173


GDP Predicted growth2015: 3.5%


Physicians / 1000 people: 2.7


Contact: Ministry of HealthGovernment Building 3, Republic Square, Yerevan, Armenia+37410 58-24-13http://[email protected]

AZERBAIJANEconomy Overview

Azerbaijan has seen strong economic growth in recentyears, and weathered the global economic crisis betterthan many of its neighbours. Income from oil and gashas boosted the economy significantly, and projectedstagnation in oil production over the next decade isbeing ameliorated by targeted investment indiversifying the economy.

Infrastructure and other public investment has beenidentified as critical to the further development of theeconomy.


Healthcare Overview

Azerbaijani government spending on healthcare hasincreased over 10 times in the last decade, leading toa boom in imports which has been reinforced by lowlevels of domestic production. Current healthcarespending is 5.4% of GDP, with 500 hospitals of varioussizes across the country.

Medical infrastructure is currently concentrated inBaku. Government plans to develop universalhealthcare provision will lead to wider spread ofinvestment across the country, and deliver hugegrowth opportunities.

Language: Azerbaijani Capital City: Baku Flight Time to Istanbul: 2hr 50min

Currency: Manat

Dram:USD = 1:0.78 Population: 9.41m GDP/Capita:$7,900






Contact: Ministry of Health of Republic of AzerbaijanAZ-Baku, 1014Kichik Deniz str. 4 Azerbaijan+994 12 [email protected]

Ultrasound scanners, electrocardiographs, X-ray equipment, laboratory analyzers, electronic surgery devices, endoscopes, gynecologic instruments and appliances, catheters, drains

BAHRAINEconomy Overview

Bahrain has seen significant GDP growth over the lastdecade, with an economy that is increasingly diversifiedfrom petroleum production. Investment in the financialsector has gone hand in hand with a liberal economicpolicy, which has lead to the development of the freesteconomy in the MENA region.

Bahrain has experienced setbacks with regards to theglobal economic crisis, and domestic unrest, but haslargely recovered, with government policies in place torestore confidence.


Healthcare Overview

Bahrain has a modern healthcare system, with$172.3m of government spending on healthcareproducts, medicines and machinery. Growth withinthe industry stands at around 10% per annum. AllBahrainis receive free state healthcare, and mostcompanies provide expats with comprehensive healthinsurance.

Within the Ministry of Health, the Pharmacy and DrugControl Directorate controls the import of medicaldevices.

Language: Arabic Capital City: Manama Flight Time to Istanbul: 3hr.50min

Currency: Dinar

Dinar:USD = 0.38:1 Population: 1.32m GDP/Capita:$27,926






Contact: P.O.Box: 12, Building 1228, Road 4025, Juffair 340, Kingdom of Bahrain +973 1728 [email protected]

Cardiovascular devices (eg, implantable stents, pacemakers, and implantable defibrillators), dialysis machines, rehabilitation equipment, diagnostic equipment, and surgical implants and related instruments

BULGARIAEconomy Overview

Bulgaria has a per capita GDP of $7,328, with aprojected growth rate of 2.9% in 2015. Since becominga member of the European Union in 2007, Bulgaria’seconomy has continued its development to come closerto Western European levels.

The development of better infrastructure is central tothe future growth of the Bulgarian economy, withpublic service delivery being a key government pledge.


Healthcare Overview

Bulgaria has universal healthcare provision, and thegovernment is undertaking a series of reforms to thesystem in order to increase efficiency. Totalexpenditure on healthcare is split 55% governmental,45% private.

The Bulgarian medical device market was worth$243.1 million in 2013 with an estimated CAGR of4.2% expected up until 2018, with imports of $213million and exports of $129 million.

Language: Bulgarian Capital City: Sofia Flight Time to Istanbul: 1hr 20min

Currency: Lev

Lev:USD = 1.73:1 Population: 7.22m GDP/Capita:$7,328

Total expenditure on healthcarePer capita: $1,177





Contact: Bulgarian Drug Agency, Department of Medical DevicesTodor Darakchiev8, Damyan Gruev Str. 1303 Sofia, Bulgaria+359 2 890 3483http://www.mh.government.bg/[email protected]@health.gov.bh

Among the short to medium term priorities in the healthcare sector are improvement of prevention, prophylaxis, emergency services, early diagnosis of breast and prostate cancer; introduction of non-invasive surgeries; introduction of hight-tech biotechnology and innovative products.

CROATIAEconomy Overview

Since the global financial crisis Croatia has suffered aprolonged recession, which it is projected to emergefrom in 2015. Croatia has seen a competitivity issuehamper economic growth, but still has a GDP wellabove many of its peers in South Eastern Europe, at$13,401 per capita.

Government investment has focused on improvementsin the transport infrastructure, in order to takeadvantage of the key position as a transport hub acrossEurope.

Healthcare Overview

Croatia has an aging demographic, and mustundertake reform and promote investment in order toprovide suitable long-term health coverage, whilstreducing public spending. The current level ofspending on health per capita is $1,410, which ishigher than most new entrants into the EU.

Croatia spends $210m on medical equipment andsupplies, which is has been stagnant over the past 5years, but is estimated to grow by 5% per annum until2018. Croatia has a small but strong domestic sector,exporting $19m of devices but imports $193m worthof medical equipment and supplies.

Language: Croatian Capital City: Zagreb Flight Time to Istanbul: 2hr.5min

Currency: Kuna

Kuna:USD = 6.82: 1 Population: 4.29m GDP/Capita:$13,401




Physicians / 1000 people: 3


Contact: Directorate of Medical Affairs Dubravko Bajramovic, MD Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Ksaver 200a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia +385(1)4698398 [email protected]

EGYPTEconomy Overview

Since the global financial crisis Croatia has suffered aEgypt has the biggest economy in North Africa, whichwill have an estimated GDP of $324bn in 2015, and thelargest population in the MENA region.

Political instability over the past 5 years has put a checkon the growth of the economy, but recent reforms havebeen put in place to restore confidence in investment.Public spending has remained high throughout theperiod of instability, with a large flow of funds from theGulf. Government spending in the future is proposed tofocus on further stabilisation, infrastructure investmentand redistributive public spending.


Healthcare Overview

The Ministry of Health and Population runs 1,300hospitals, which make up 60% of the total beds in thecountry.

Government instability has meant that healthcareprovision has been patchy at times, but there hasbeen consistent growth in medical device spending ata CAGR at more than 10% over the last 5 years,reaching $641m. Of this, $573m was imported, withexports of $93m. The MoHP regulates healthcareproducts, and registration is often slow and complex.

Language: Arabic Capital City: Cairo Flight Time to Istanbul: 2hr.20min

Currency: Poud

Pound:USD = 7.63: 1 Population: 82m GDP/Capita:$3,243






Contact: Ministry of Health and PopulationProf. Mah Al Rabbat3 Magles El Shaab Street Cairo Egypt+20(2) 7951821 / [email protected]

Oncology and high-tech radiological equipment, highly specialized disposables, high-tech surgical and medical equipment, software for hospital management/network, ICU monitoring equipment, sophisticated laboratory and scientific equipment, mobile clinics

GEORGIAEconomy Overview

Georgia’s economy has largely been unaffected by theglobal financial crisis and regional economic issues, withever improving business confidence, and a projectedGDP growth rate of over 5% in the medium term. Thegovernments development strategy supports privateinvestment, and encourages improved access to theglobal market.

Government spending will focus on public infrastructuredevelopment, especially in relation to opening thecountries transport links, and regional development,whilst maintaining a sustainable level of public debt.

Healthcare Overview

Georgia has a high level of healthcare expenditure percapita, along with one of the highest ratios of Doctorsper capita in the region.

Government policy focuses on making publichealthcare services equal for all and improvement ofoverall quality; which has lead to increasedinvestment focused on regional areas away fromTbilisi, with 150 medical facilities built or renovatedand over 8,000 hospital beds created in the past 5years.

Language: Georgian Capital City: Tbilisi Flight Time to Istanbul: 2hr.10min

Currency: Lari

Lari:USD = 2.04:1 Population: 4.34m GDP/Capita:$3,597






Contact: Health Care Department, Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia Eka Paatashvili144, Tsereteli av. 0119 Tbilisi, Georgia +995 7 728-8890 [email protected]

GREECEEconomy Overview

After a long period of economic contraction, Greece hasexited recession, with estimated GDP growth of nearly3% in 2015.

Greece has an economy larger than the rest of theBalkans combined, and is the 13th largest in the EU.Government pledges to evaluate public debtrepayments has lead to short-term instability for foreigninvestment, but demand for imports remains strong.

After a 5 year period of government spending cuts,more investment has been pledged by the incominggovernment.


Healthcare Overview

Greece generally has high standard of medical care,with total medical device spending of $789m. Importsaccount for $579m of this, and exports levels are$85m.

Greece has a strong private healthcare marketaccounting for around 40% of provision, with 146private hospitals and 170 private clinics, althoughrecent economic trouble have reduced its robustness.Efficiency savings are a key government focus, withgood opportunities for medical device providers whocan offer this service.

Language: Greek Capital City: Athens Flight Time to Istanbul: 1hr.20min

Currency: Euro

Euro:USD = 0.88: 1 Population: 11.1m GDP/Capita:$21,857






Contact: National Organization for MedicinesMessogion Avenue 284, CholargosGR – 15562 AthensGreece+30 213 2040 [email protected]

Electronic and information systems are a key area of interest

IRANEconomy Overview

Iran is the second largest economy in the MENA region,with the second largest population. Iran’s GDP has astrong base in the oil and gas sectors, with a stronglystate led economy, but a weak business environment.

After a period of contraction, the economy is expectedto grow in 2015, although unemployment is an ongoingissue. The Iranian government is targeting thestrengthening of the non-hydrocarbon sector andimproving business and consumer confidence.


Healthcare Overview

Access to healthcare provision is unequal across thecountry, but basic services are provided free ofcharge. There are 830 hospitals with around 120,000beds, and an integrated medical education system,with 41 public medical universities.

All purchases made by public and private hospitals areoverseen by the Ministry of Health and Education.Imports account for around 90% medical equipmentand supplies, with total market size estimated at$689m, and exports are valued at $8m.

Language: Persian Capital City: Tehran Flight Time to Istanbul: 3hr 0min

Currency: Rial

Rial:USD = 27535: 1 Population: 77.4m GDP/Capita:$4,769






Contact: Ministry of Health and Medical EducationMedical Equipment DepartmentNumber 8, Dehghan Alley, North Iranshahr Ave. Tehran, Iran+98 21 88827783 // 88827868 // [email protected]

Diagnostic apparatuses, electrocardiographs and syringes and needles, dental instruments and supplies and ophthalmology equipment.

IRAQEconomy Overview

After a period of economic contraction, the Iraqieconomy is predicted to see a return to growth in2015. Ongoing security issues have caused issueswithin the Iraqi economy, with regional dynamicsplaying a strong role in this instability.

Iraq’s dependence on the hydrocarbon industrymakes it vulnerable to global markets. Geographicdisparities in development mean that some regionsare likely to see stronger government spending, buteconomic stability is the key public sector focus.

Healthcare Overview

Healthcare provision in Iraq is very geographicallydiverse, and suffers due to the political instability andunderfunding of recent years. However spending hasincreased strongly in recent years, and governmentfocus is on the development of the healthcareinfrastructure. Iraq has a very young population andcare is targeted accordingly.

The medical device market has experienced stronggrowth in recent years, reaching $498m, and this islikely to continue in the medium term. Import growthwas particularly strong, with a CAGR of 24% in $terms, reaching $450m.

Language: Arabic, Kurdish Capital City: Baghdad Flight Time to Istanbul: 3hr.45min

Currency: Dinar

Dinar:USD = 1185: 1 Population: 33.7m GDP/Capita:$6,594






Contact: The State Co. for Marketing Drugs & Medical Appliances Ministry of Health BldgBab Al moa'adhem 5th Floor(Kimadia) BaghdadIraq+9647705419074 http://[email protected]

ISRAELEconomy Overview

Israel is a highly developed free market economy, basedon high-technology production and the service sector.Israel is relatively poor in natural resources, largelydependent on imports of raw materials, althoughrecent offshore gas discoveries has improved energysecurity.

With one of the highest GDP per capita in both nominaland PPP terms in the region, Israel is part of the OECD,and has an open economy with a wide range of freetrade agreements, and a favourable businessenvironment.

.Product Interest for Import

Healthcare Overview

Israel has a universal healthcare system, with modernand efficient facilities. Israel has the largest per capitahealthcare spending in the Middle East, with a totalmedical device spending of $1,187m, and ranks 4th inthe world in terms of medical efficiency. Imports ofmedical devices grew by 14% in 2014, reaching $928m,with exports valued at $1,872m. The medical devicemarket is expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.5% until2018.

Registration of medical devices takes place through theMinistry of Health’s Medical Device Unit.

Language: Hebrew, Arabic Capital City: Jerusalem Flight Time to Istanbul: 2hr.5min

Currency: New Sheqel

New Sheqel:USD = 3.89:1 Population: 7.73m GDP/Capita:$36,926






Contact: Medical Institutions & Devices Licensing DepartmentNadav Sheffer 39 Yirmiyahu St. P.O.Box 1176 Jerusalem 9101002+972-2-5681308www.health.gov.il

Hospital beds, nursing aids and homecare products, wound care, advanced diagnostics advanced medical instruments and appliances, drug monitoring and disease surveillance, minimally invasive surgical instruments and technologies that are integrated with imaging capabilities, cardiology equipment, equipment and supplies for plastic surgery, smart implants, dental instruments, equipment and technologies for pain management, physiotherapy, ozone and oxygen therapy, operating room equipment.

JORDANEconomy Overview

Jordan is facing short term challenges due to regionalinstability, but in spite of these difficulties, GDP growthis expected to be 4% in 2015.

The Jordanian government has been successfullyreforming its economy over the past decade, focusingon education, healthcare and economic liberalisation,leading to resilient growth. Natural resource limitations,especially regarding energy and water, mean that theeconomy is reliant on external providers.


Healthcare Overview

Jordan has a developed medical system, which isreflected in the fact that it is ranked 5th in the world as amedical tourism hub and 1st in the MENA region, whichis expected to generate revenues of $1.5bn annually.The Ministry of Health operates 27 hospitals and 1,245primary care centres, and the private sector runs 56hospitals.

Healthcare accounts for nearly 10% of Jordan’s GDP,and Jordan is reliant on imported medical devices andequipment, especially high-tech goods, with importsaccounting for $207m of a total consumption of $266m.

Language: Arabic Capital City: Amman Flight Time to Istanbul: 2hr.35min

Currency: Dinar

Dinar:USD = 126: 0.71 Population: 7.27m GDP/Capita:$5,174






Contact: Ministry of HealthPO Box 86TabarbourAmman, 11118Jordan+962 [email protected]

Laboratory and hospital administration software, diagnostic imaging equipment, laboratory reagents and diagnostics; testing equipment; dardiology and kidney dialysis equipment, hospital furniture, consumables for clinical laboratories, equipment and supplies for plastic surgery, medical surgical sterilizers, x-ray, alpha, beta, gamma ray equipment, orthopedic andprosthetic appliances, clinical laboratory equipment, organ transplant equipment

KAZAKHSTANEconomy Overview

Kazakhstan is a vast country, the size of westernEurope, with a strong natural resource base, includingoil, gas and minerals.

Kazakhstan has developed rapidly due to its primaryindustries, but has diversified its economy so that over50% of GDP comes from the non-oil sector. ProjectedGDP is expected to continue to rise in the mediumterm, with government spending look to reduce theincome gap between the urban and rural populations.


Healthcare Overview

Extensive reforms over the past 5 years have seen aperiod of heavy investment in the healthcare system,with $2.5bn invested, and further progress isprojected.

There are currently 1,054 hospitals and 3,720 short-stay clinics in Kazakhstan, with new facilities in thepipeline.The Kazakh medical equipment marketimports 90% of products, and provides an openbusiness environment.

Language: Kazakh, Russian Capital City: Astana Flight Time to Istanbul: 4hr.50min

Currency: Tenge

Tenge:USD = 185:1 Population: 16.4m GDP/Capita:$13,509






Contact: The Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development 010000, Astana city, Orynbor str. 8, House of the Ministries, front door 6, +7 (7172) 74-37-23, [email protected]

diagnostic equipment, medical lasers, endoscope and dental equipment

KYRGYZSTANEconomy Overview

Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country, with one of thelowest income in the Central Asian region. Kyrgyzstan iscurrently experiencing a period of political stability aftermany years of unrest, which is allowing a periodeconomic growth.

The government is looking to the exploitation of themineral resources to boost the economy, and isundertaking transport infrastructure investment inorder to reduce geographical disparity throughout thecountry.

Healthcare Overview

Healthcare reforms are being undertaken inKyrgyzstan in order to improve efficiency and delivery.Public and private payment for healthcare provision isapproximately equal. There are an estimated 230private healthcare facilities in the country.

Language: Kyrgyz, Russian Capital City: Bishkek Flight Time to Istanbul: 5hr.15min

Currency: Som

Som:USD = 60: 1 Population: 5.54m GDP/Capita:$1,280




Physicians / 1000 people: 2


Contact: Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan Ainura AbalievaMoskovskaya 148 Bishkek 720405 Kyrgyzstan +996 312 219274 [email protected]

MACEDONIAEconomy Overview

Macedonia has seen a period of sustained growth of 3%per annum since 2012, as government reforms andpositive market conditions have provided a platform forthe growth of the private sector.

Alignment of the country’s policies with the EU isongoing, as accession to the Union is targeted.

Healthcare Overview

As part of the ongoing development of the economy,healthcare has seen a series of reforms undertaken inrecent years; focusing on financial and managementreforms.

The healthcare sector in Macedonia is in need offurther capital investment to bring it up to EUstandards. Macedonia has compulsory state fundedmedical coverage, with a small level of private sectorprovision. Medical devices must be registered with theBureau for Medicine and Medical Devices.

Language: Macedonian Capital City: Skopje Flight Time to Istanbul: 1hr.25min

Currency: Denar

Denar:USD = 54:1 Population: 2.1m GDP/Capita:$4,931






Contact: Ministry of Health50 Divizija' No. 14Skopje 1000+389 2 3112500http://[email protected]

MOROCCOEconomy Overview

Morocco’s economy has performed well in the currenteconomic climate, with consistent growth of around 5%for the last few years. The economy is heavily reliant onagricultural production, and the business environmentneeds to become more competitive to promote thegrowth of the service and industrial sectors, as well asforeign investment.

Government reforms since the Arab Spring have lookedto increase the performance of education and healthservices, and to reduce inequality.


Healthcare Overview

Morocco has an underdeveloped medical system, with122 hospitals, 2,400 health centers, and 5 universityhospital covering a population of 33m. These facilitiesare often underfunded, but government spendingpledges make large increases in investment likely. Theprivate system is growing rapidly, with 320 privateclinics.

The per capita spending on medical devices remainslow, but the total value of the industry is $251m, withthe value of imports put at $214m in 2014, withexports valued at $17m.

Language: Arabic, Berber,French

Capital City: Rabat Flight Time to Istanbul: 5hr.0min

Currency: Dirham

Dirham:USD = 9.56:1 Population: 33m GDP/Capita:$3,160






Contact: Ministère de la Santé.335. Avenue Mohamed VRabat, Morocco+212 537 76 10 25, 537 76 14 03, 537 76 36 62 [email protected]

magnetic resonance imaging and ultra-sonic scanning equipment, x-ray equipment, emergency aid equipment, monitoring and electro-diagnostic equipment, computerized tomography equipment, and ICT (E-medicine, equipment and related software).

OMANEconomy Overview

Oman has seen rapid economic development over thelast decade, which is set to continue in the mediumterm. Oman is currently oil dependent, and is workingvery hard to diversify its economy with the aim ofensuring oil only makes up 9% of GDP by 2020.

Two strands of this diversification are improving thebusiness environment and increasing social subsidies inareas such as healthcare.


Healthcare Overview

Oman has a well developed healthcare system, whichhas seen high levels of investment, with 175 healthposts and centres and 49 hospitals. The medicaldevice market has a total value of $125m, and isgrowing at an average of 10.4% per year.

Imports make up $114m, with a small domesticmarket which is targeted for growth, but currentlymainly supplies surrounding countries.

Language: Omani Arabic Capital City: Muscat Flight Time to Istanbul: 4hr.35min

Currency: Rial

Rial:USD = 0.39: 1 Population: 3.63m GDP/Capita:$21,456






Contact: Directorate General of Medical Supplies 18 November Street, Alkhuwair, Muscat Next to Ministry of Health Building +968 24602177https://www.moh.gov.om/

diagnostic imaging, orthopedics, consumables

QATAREconomy Overview

Qatar is one of the richest countries in the world, withwealth generated by the hydrocarbon sector.

Oil reserves are expected to be able to produce at theircurrent rate for the next 25 years, and gas reserves arethe 3rd largest in the world. The government is rapidlytrying to diversify the economy.


Healthcare Overview

Public infrastructure, including the healthcare system,has seen large investment in recent years. The totalspending on medical devices is $245m, with $221m ifthis being imported.

Qatar has a high level of per capita spending onmedical devices ($105), which is 2nd highest in theMENA region, and the highest number of physiciansper capita.

Language: Arabic Capital City: Doha Flight Time to Istanbul: 4hr.5min

Currency: Rial

Rial:USD = 3.64: 1 Population: 2.16m GDP/Capita:$98,986

Total expenditure on healthcare per capita: $1,805





Contact: Supreme Council of HealthP.O. Box 42, Qatar +974 44070000http://www.sch.gov.qa/home-en

cardiovascular devices (eg, implantable stents, pacemakers, and implantable defibrillators), dialysis machines, rehabilitation equipment, diagnostic equipment, and surgical implants and related instruments

ROMANIAEconomy Overview

Romania has met the twin economic challenges ofjoining the European Union in 2007 and the globalfinancial crisis, and has seen long-term growth, and arapid recovery from the financial crisis.

Agriculture and the energy sector are importantcornerstones of the economy. Government reformshave created a positive business environment, withinvestment in the public sector, including thehealthcare system.


Healthcare Overview

Health reforms have produced a more equitablesystem, reducing geographic and wealth inequalitiesand the creation of efficient outpatient and primarycare services have been prioritised.

The medical device market has seen a CAGR of 4.3%over 6 years, reaching $444.3m, which is expected tocontinue in the medium term, especially in high-techequipment. Domestic consumables production hasseen good growth, but imports dominate, with a valueof $391m, and exports valued at $105m.

Language: Romanian Capital City: Bucharest Flight Time to Istanbul: 1hr.20min

Currency: Leu

Leu:USD = 3.91: 1 Population: 21.6m GDP/Capita:$8,874






Contact: Ministry of Health - Directorate for Sanitary Infrastructure, Logistics, Acquisitions and Medical DevicesAna Maria Tanase1-3 Cristian Popisteanu Street, Sector 1, 010024, Bucharest+40 21 307 25 [email protected]

Provision of specific emergency transportation response equipment (ambulances, non-emergency transportation vehicles and helicopters); Equipping regional radiotherapy centers; Creating and equipping mobile screening units for oncological diseases; Upgrading and extending the national telemedicine emergency system; Equipment of specialized centers for outpatient diagnosis and treatment (diagnostic imaging, day surgery, cancer diagnosis, mobile screening units); Rehabilitation and equipment of public health surveillance labs (infectious diseases, radiation, drinking and bath water, etc.)

RUSSIAEconomy Overview

The Russian economy is one of the ten largest in theworld, but has undergone a period of stagnation, asituation that has been worsened in the past year by aslump in the value of its currency, falling by over 40%against the dollar since mid 2014.

In spite of a risky medium-term outlook in the Russianeconomy optimism regarding a recovery remains, asinstitutional reform and government investment can actas a catalyst to growth.


Healthcare Overview

The Russian healthcare system has seencomprehensive reforms, and is rapidly evolving.Healthcare is “Priority ＃1” within the government’sprojects.

Current estimates suggest that only 20% of thepopulation have access to quality healthcare, andmuch equipment is outdated and in need ofreplacement. The medical device industry is worth$6,485m over $5bn of medical devices imported in2014, with $154m exported.

Language: Russian Capital City: Moscow Flight Time to Istanbul: 3hr.5min

Currency: Ruble

Ruble:USD = 65:1 Population: 142m GDP/Capita:$14,591


GDP Predicted growth2015: -1%




Contact: Federal Service for Control of Healthcare and Social Development109074, Moscow, Slavic area, d. 4, p. 1+7 (495) 698-45-38, (499) [email protected]

diagnostics and visualization, cardiovascular, ophthalmology, orthopedics, laboratory diagnostics, and urology equipment and technology

SAUDI ARABIAEconomy Overview

Saudi Arabia is the world’s leading oil producer, and hasthe largest economy in the MENA region. Having seengovernment led development of the economy throughoil, diversification is taking place and the private sectoris increasingly important, now making up 48% of theeconomy.

The Saudi government is undertaking a huge series ofsocial development and infrastructure projects, andseeking to encourage foreign investment.


Healthcare Overview

The Saudi healthcare sector is the largest in the MENAregion, with an estimated size of $20bn per year. Agovernment led programme of hospital and clinicbuilding is underway, with the public sectoraccounting for 79% of bed capacity.

A rapidly growing domestic and expatriate population,along with the introduction of compulsory healthinsurance, will further boost growth in the sector. Thevalue of the medical device sector is $1,972m, almostall of which is imported.

Language: Arabic Capital City: Riyadh Flight Time to Istanbul: 4hr.0min

Currency: Riyal

Riyal:USD = 3.75:1 Population: 28.8m GDP/Capita:$24,953






Contact: Saudi Food and Drug AuthorityNorth Ring Road - Al Nafal UnitRiyadh 13312 - 6288 +966 [email protected]

cardiovascular devices (eg, implantable stents, pacemakers, and implantable defibrillators), dialysis machines, rehabilitation equipment, diagnostic equipment, and surgical implants and related instruments

SERBIAEconomy Overview

Serbia is recovering from a difficult time in the globalfinancial crisis, but growth will continue at 1% in 2015.Growth in the medium term is forecasted to be around2-3%. The automotive sector has become the singlemost important within the economy, with a strongservice sector contributing 60% of GDP.

With a return to growth, government focus will be ableto return to the necessary structural reforms, as well astargeting public sector efficiency.

Healthcare Overview

Serbia has been trying to reform its previouslyunderfunded, poorly managed and corrupt healthcarefor many years, but this has recently been hamperedby restrictions on government intervention due toeconomic issues.

Serbia has an extremely high expenditure onhealthcare, with 10.5% of GDP spent within thesector. In total there are 344 healthcare institutionswithin Serbia, which includes 85 hospitals and 157primary health care centres. Medical device spendingis $155m, of which $138m is imported, and exportsare valued at $72m.

Language: Serbian Capital City: Belgrade Flight Time to Istanbul: 1hr.45min

Currency: Dinar

Dinar:USD = 85:1 Population: 9.51m GDP/Capita:$5,902






Contact: Ministry of HealthBelgrade, Nemanjina 22–26 +381 3616-251, [email protected]

TAJIKISTANEconomy Overview

Tajikistan has experienced rapid growth since 2000, butwas hit harder than many countries by the globalfinancial crisis. Since then growth has returned, andremittance levels have been boosted, which is of keyimportance to the economy.

However, stagnation in the Russian economy is likely todampen remittance values in the near future. Thegovernment is pursuing a policy of deeper integrationinto the global and regional economies.

Healthcare Overview

The Ministry of Health directly manages most healthfacilities, but out of pocket payments account for anestimated two-thirds of total spend.

There is currently a relatively inequitable access toquality healthcare provision, both from wealth andgeographical standpoints, but gains are being made.Private healthcare sector is now growing, albeit from alow base.

Language: Tajik Capital City: Dushanbe Flight Time to Istanbul: 4hr.45min

Currency: Somoni

Somoni:USD = 5.39:1 Population: 8.2m GDP/Capita:$1,044






Contact: The Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of TajikistanShevchenko Street 69, Dushanbe 734000, Tajikistan+992 (44) [email protected]

TURKEYEconomy Overview

Turkey has seen tremendous growth over the pastdecade, with advances in competitiveness and highlevels of foreign investment fueling a three fold increasein per capita income.

Turkey now has the 18th largest economy in the world,larger than any in the MENA region, and was largelyable to overcome the challenges of the global economiccrisis.


Healthcare Overview

The Turkish healthcare system is a modern and efficient service,with high standards in both public and private provision. There isongoing investment in the hospital infrastructure, with Ministryof Health targeted healthcare spending per capita to reach$2,000 by 2023, at a CAGR of 23%.

Medical device spending is estimated to be $2.2bn, with ongoinggrowth of around 5% forecasted. Turkey has a stronger domesticmarket than many of its neighbours which exports $402m ofproducts which is in robust health, but because of the high levelsof growth, room exists for new entrants to the sector.

Language: Turkish Capital City: Ankara Flight Time to Istanbul: 1hr.5min

Currency: Lira

Lira:USD: 2.48:1 Population: 74.9m GDP/Capita:$10,721




Physicians / 1000 people:1.7


Contact: Ministry of HealthMithatpaşa Cad. No : 3 06434 Sıhhıye, Ankara+90 (312) 585 1000 [email protected]

Advanced pre-screening, imaging and diagnostic devices, advanced point-of-care devices, advanced surgical devices using laparoscopic and robotics technology, cancer treatment devices, clinical chemistry and laboratory devices, dental devices, health IT and M-health systems, remote patient monitoring devices, orthopedic and trauma implants, Telemedicine systems

TURMENISTANEconomy Overview

Turkmenistan’s economy is one of the fastest growingin the Eurasia region, with projected growth of 12% in2015. Turkmenistan has significant oil reserves, and thefourth largest gas reserve in the world.

The hydrocarbon industry has lead economicdevelopment, but there has been some diversificationinto intensive agriculture and textiles. Foreigninvestment is encouraged, but a lack of bureaucratictransparency has hampered deeper integration into theglobal economy.

Healthcare Overview

The Turkmeni healthcare system needs a lot ofinvestment to bring its healthcare system up to a highstandard. Current spending as a percentage of GDP isone of the lowest in the region, and many facilities areoutdated.

However there are a number of ambitious initiativesand projects that have been implemented, but thebenefits of this have not been widely felt by thepopulation. There is a small private healthcare system,which caters almost entirely to the elite.

Language: Turkmen Capital City: Ashgabat Flight Time to Istanbul: 3hr.35min

Currency: Manat

Manat:USD = 3.5: 1 Population: 5.24m GDP/Capita:$7,157





Hospital Beds / 1000 people: 4

Contact: Ministry of Health and Medical Industry Archabil Shayoly, 20Ashgabat 774036 +993 12 400416, +99 312 40 04 07 [email protected]

UKRAINEEconomy Overview

Political unrest in Ukraine, focused on the Easternregion, has caused economic damage to the wholecountry, slowing expected GDP growth to low levels.Due to slow levels of growth in the EU, and stagnationin the Russian economy, Ukraine has encountered adifficult export position.

Ukraine has great potential for future growth, withagricultural production offering great for furtherdevelopment, and government infrastructureinvestment and regulation is needed to provide a stablebase for greater levels of foreign investment.


Healthcare Overview

Ukraine has a high level of spending on healthcare as apercentage of GDP, at 7.6%, and a high number ofhospital beds at 9 per 1,000 people. However thereare regional disparities, with under provision ofmedical services in the countryside.

Public healthcare is universally free, but patientslooking for high quality care are often forced to pay,either out of pocket expenses or for privatetreatment. There is a small but thriving medical devicesector in Ukraine exporting $49m, but there is astrong and growing demand for high tech equipment,with total demand for medical devices at $638m.

Language: Ukrainian Capital City: Kiev Flight Time to Istanbul: 2hr.0min

Currency: Hryvnia

Hryvnia:USD = 25:1 Population: 45.2m GDP/Capita: $3,930





Hospital Beds / 1000 people: 9

Contact: Ministry of Health7 Hrushevskoho str., Kyiv, Ukraine 01601+380 (44) 226-22-05http://[email protected]

Surgical navigation systems, implantable cardiac devices, neurostimulation systems, diagnostic point-of-care tests. The cardiovascular segment is growing due to an increase in heart diseases.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATESEconomy Overview

The UAE has the second largest economy in the Arabworld, with an increasingly diversified economic base.Although the hydrocarbon industry is still of keyimportance, there are other non-oil variousconstruction, manufacturing and service sectors whichmake up 71% of total GDP.

The governments of the UAE have diversified at theireconomies at different rates. Dubai has built its non-oileconomy quickest, and is therefore more resilient tofluctuations in the global market. The economy is veryopen, and liberalized, and offers a strong import

market.


Healthcare Overview

The healthcare system is a sector that has beenprioritised by the UAE government, and has seen hugegrowth in recent years. It is decentralised and there issome disparity between Dubai and Abu Dhabi and theother Emirates, with the Ministry of Health aiming toreduce this difference. There is a significant privatehealth sector, and private medical insurance cover forexpats is the norm.

The spending on healthcare per capita is one of thehighest in the region, and many medical services areof the highest quality. Medical device expenditure is$897m, imports accounting for $852m of this.

Language: Arabic Capital City: Abu Dhabi Flight Time to Istanbul: 4hr.20min

Currency: Dirham

Dinar:USD = 3.67:1 Population: 9.34m GDP/Capita:$44,552






Contact: Ministry of Healthwww.moh.gov.aeAbu Dhabi Main OfficeAbu Dhabi, P.O.Box 848, Hamdan Street, above National Bank of Bahrain+971 26520500

Dubai Main OfficeDubai, P. O. Box 1853, Muhaisna 2, beside Etisalat Academy on Sheikh Mohd bin Zayed Road+971 [email protected]

Orthopedics and prosthetics

UZBEKISTANEconomy Overview

Uzbekistan is the most populace country in Central Asia,and has a developed political and social system. Growthin the economy has been rapid over the last decade,fueled by the second largest cotton export market inworld, and the textile, metals and hydrocarbonindustries.

Government plays a large part in the economy, and hasinvested heavily in the infrastructure of the country.


Healthcare Overview

Uzbekistan is working to overhaul its healthcaresystem, providing additional funding and instituting aseries of reforms.

Over $1.5bn of investment in the medical system hasbeen planned between 2013 and 2015. The Ministryof Health has been seeking investment partners withinthe medical device sector to develop the healthcareinfrastructure.

Language: Uzbek Capital City: Tashkent Flight Time to Istanbul: 4hr.30min

Currency: Som

Som:USD = 2448:1 Population: 28.9m GDP/Capita:$1,878






Contact: Ministry of Public Health12 Navoiy shoh ko'chasi, Tashkent 100011, Uzbekistan+998 71 241 16 91www.minzdrav.uz

diagnostic and x-ray equipment

visa access

Country Region Visa to enter Turkey Visa to enter UAE Visa for Germany

Algeria MENA Required Required Required

Armenia Transcaucasia e-visa Required Required

Azerbaijan Transcaucasia Not required Required Required

Bahrain MENA e-visa Not required Required

Bulgaria SEE Not required Required Not required

Croatia SEE e-visa Required Not required

Egypt MENA Required Required Required

Georgia Transcaucasia Not required Required Required

Greece SEE Not required Required Not required

Iran MENA Not required Required Required

Iraq MENA Not required Required Required

Israel MENA Not required No entry Not required

Jordan MENA Not required Required Required

Kazakhstan Central Asia Not required Required Required

Macedonia SEE Not required Required Not required

Morocco MENA Not required Required Required

Oman MENA e-visa Not required Required

Qatar MENA e-visa Not required Required

Romania SEE Not required Required Not required

Russia Transcaucasia Not required Required Required

Serbia SEE Not required Required Not required

Tajikistan Central Asia Not required Required Required

Turkey SEE Home Required Required

Turkmenistan Central Asia Not required Required Required

UAE MENA e-visa Home Required

Ukraine SEE Not required Required Required

Uzbekistan Central Asia Not required Required Required

Discover your potential in emerging markets at expoMED

Established in 1992 to help global medical device andequipment companies export to South East Europe,MENAT, Russia and the CIS region, expoMED Eurasiahas become the leading exhibition in Central Eurasiawith more than 1200 medical device brandsparticipating each year to meet over 30,000distributers and direct customers from Eurasia’sgrowing healthcare sectors.

Annually, our 60,000sqm exhibition welcomesexhibitors from over 40 countries who utilise 4 days ofhigh impact meetings with trade and healthcarevisitors and distributors from the key emergingmarkets that you have seen in this report.

Established in 1992 to help global medical device andequipment companies export to South East Europe,MENAT, Russia and the CIS region, expoMED Eurasiahas become the leading exhibition in Central Eurasiawith more than 1200 medical device brandsparticipating each year to meet over 30,000distributers and direct customers from Eurasia’sgrowing healthcare sectors.

Annually, our 60,000sqm exhibition welcomesexhibitors from over 40 countries who utilise 4 days ofhigh impact meetings with trade and healthcarevisitors and distributors from the key emergingmarkets that you have seen in this report.Find out more at www.expomedistanbul.com

expoMED’s Top 10 visitor countries1.Turkey2.Iraq3.Georgia4.Germany5.Bulgaria

6. Iran7. Tunisia8. Libya9. Greece10. Macedonia

We only host quality visitors as part of our elite+ Hosted Buyer Programme.

Visitors are hosted in our own hotel to ensure their presence at the event

Matchmaking is an important part of our event. We ensure that you meet the partners who will take your business to emerging markets. All International exhibitors are accepted in the matchmaking programme

expoMED FACTS60,000 SQUARE METERS720 EXHIBITORS34,283 ATTENDEES4,801 INTERNATIONAL ATTENDEES35 COUNTRIES ARE REPRESENTEDSUPPORTED BY TURKISH MINISTRY OF HEALTHORGANISED BY REED TUYAP EXHIBITIONS

Referenceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

The World Medical Markets Fact Book 2014. Espicom

www.wikipedia.com

www.xe.com - 10/2/15

www.who.int

www.worldbank.org

www.imf.org

http://www.hhrjournal.org/2013/12/06/identifying-the-gaps-armenian-health-care-legislation-and-human-rights-in-patient-care-protections/

http://investinarmenia.am/en/health-care-system

http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/press-release.pag?docid=280732296

www.Bahrain.com

http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/north-africa/egypt/

http://www.epmajournal.com/content/4/1/8

http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(13)60320-7.pdf

http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/economy_global_trade/

http://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/healing-healthcare-system-transparency-and-integrity

http://www.hpi.sk/en/2014/01/serbia-brief-health-system-review/

http://www.rferl.org/content/turkmenistan-health-care-shortcomings/25322982.html

www.infomedix.com

Healthcare Technologies Resource Guide-US Commercial Service

www.Emergo.com

looking to central eurasia? · cyprus, turkey and ukraine, is eurasia’s gateway to the rest of...

Documents