lopez muscle physiology louie d.teachinghub.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/4/0/23407166/animal... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Mark Louie D. LopezDepartment of BiologyCollege of SciencePolytechnic University of the Philippines
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MOVEMENT
How do animals move?
How do they overcome friction and
gravity in their various environments?
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
CILIATES AND FLAGELLATES
Unicellular organisms w/o skeletal-muscular
systems
Protozoans (unicellular heterotrophic protists) and
primitive algae
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
CILIATES AND FLAGELLATES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
CILIATES AND FLAGELLATES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
PSEUDOPODIAUsed by amoeba to move
Cell extensions (no microtubules)
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
CHEMOTAXIS
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
PHOTOTAXIS
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
Fluid held under pressure in a closed body
compartment
Helps protect other body parts (cushion from
shocks)
Gives body shape
Gives support for muscle action
Cnidarians (hydra) and annelids (earthworms)
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
EXOSKELETONHard external skeleton covering all the muscles
and organs of some invertebrates
Made of chitin in Arthropods
Calcium carbonate in mollusks
Muscles attach to inside of exoskeleton
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ENDOSKELETONHard or leathery support tissue situated among the
soft tissues of animals
Sponges (Porifera)
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ENDOSKELETONSite of muscle attachment
Protection and overall support
Contains both cartilage and bone
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MUSCLES FOR MOVEMENT
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
HOW MUSCLES WORK?
HOW MUSCLES
CONTRACT AND RELAX
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
OUTLINE
• A. Review of Neuromuscular Junction
• B. Classification of muscles
• C. Functional anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
– Connective Tissue coverings
– Skeletal Muscle fibers
– Myofilaments
• D. Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction
– Excitation-Contraction Coupling
– Cross-Bridge Cycle
– Sliding Filament Theory
– Sources of ATP
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
OUTLINE
• A. Review of Neuromuscular Junction
• B. Classification of muscles
• C. Functional anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
– Connective Tissue coverings
– Skeletal Muscle fibers
– Myofilaments
• D. Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction
– Excitation-Contraction Coupling
– Cross-Bridge Cycle
– Sliding Filament Theory
– Sources of ATP
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
OUTLINE
• A. Review of Neuromuscular Junction
• B. Classification of muscles
• C. Functional anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
– Connective Tissue coverings
– Skeletal Muscle fibers
– Myofilaments
• D. Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction
– Excitation-Contraction Coupling
– Cross-Bridge Cycle
– Sliding Filament Theory
– Sources of ATP
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
OUTLINE
• A. Review of Neuromuscular Junction
• B. Classification of muscles
• C. Functional anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
– Connective Tissue coverings
– Skeletal Muscle fibers
– Myofilaments
• D. Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction
– Excitation-Contraction Coupling
– Cross-Bridge Cycle
– Sliding Filament Theory
– Sources of ATP
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
MUSCLE
BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBER
MUSCLE FIBER
MYOFIBRILS
SARCOMERE
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
The sarcolemma, also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane of a
skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle cell. It consists of a true cell
membrane, called the plasma membrane, and an outer coat made up of
a thin layer of polysaccharide material that contains numerous
thin collagen fibrils.
A T-tubule (or transverse tubule) is a deep invagination of
the sarcolemma. These invaginations allow depolarization of the
membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is smooth ER found in muscle.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and pumps calcium ions. The
sarcoplasmic reticulum contains large stores of calcium, which it
sequesters and then releases when the muscle cell is stimulated. It
plays a major role in excitation-contraction coupling
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
A myofibril is a basic rod-like unit of a muscle. Myofibrils are composed
of long proteins such as actin, myosin, and other proteins that hold them
together. These proteins are organized into thin filaments and thick
filaments, which repeat along the length of the myofibril in sections called
sarcomeres.
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
SARCOMERE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
Sarcomere is the basic unit of a muscle. Myofibrils are composed of
repeating sections of sarcomeres, which appear under the microscope
as dark and light bands. Sarcomeres are composed of long, fibrous
proteins that slide past each other when the muscles contract and relax.
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
PARTS OF SARCOMERE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
• I band - Light band; thin
filaments composed primarily of
actin)
• Z line - in between I bands
• A band - at the dark end,
overlapping or interdigitation of
thin and thick filaments
composed primarily of myosin)
• H zone - region of the A band,
thick filaments only
• M line - center of the
sarcomere
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
SARCOMERE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
THICK FILAMENT (MYOSIN)
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
• Myosin - primary composition
• bipolar arrangement; Heads face the lateral
portion or point outwards (2 golf clubs).
• S1 region (myosin globular head)
• S2 region (neck)
• tail region
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MYOSIN MOLECULE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MYOSIN MOLECULE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MYOSIN MOLECULE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MYOSIN MOLECULE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
THIN FILAMENT
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
• Actin – primary composition
• (F-actin) Fibrous/Filamentous-actin -
aggregation of globular actin or G-actin into
two stranded helical filament.
• Tropomyosin - dimers of this protein extend over the
entire actin filament covering the binding site at rest
(absence of Ca++).
• Troponin - (3 subunits) are present on each
tropomyosin dimer.
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
THIN FILAMENT
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
THIN FILAMENT
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
THIN FILAMENT
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ADDITIONAL PROTEINS
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ACTIN AND MYOSIN
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
HOW STRIATED MUSCLE WORK
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
HOW STRIATED MUSCLE WORK?
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
HOW WILL AN ACTION POTENTIAL PRODUCE MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
HOW WILL AN ACTION POTENTIAL PRODUCE MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
EXCITATION CONTRACTION COUPLING: MOLECULAR
BASIS FOR MUCLE CONTRACTION
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIAL
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ACTIN AND MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGE CYCLE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
IMPORTANCE OF ATP
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
IMPORTANCE OF ATP
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
IMPORTANCE OF ATP
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
SIZE PRINCIPLE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
FACTORS AFFECTING MUSCLE TENSION
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MUSCLE FATIGUE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MECHANISM OF MUSCLE FATIGUE
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MUSCLE CRAMPS
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
MUSCLE CRAMPS
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
SPRAIN VS STRAIN
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
RIGOR MORTIS
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
4th review
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
Prepare a powerpoint presentation of the review
Josephson, R. E. 1993. Contraction dynamics
and power output of skeletal muscle. Annu. Rev.
Phsyiol. 55: 527-546.
Limit your presentation to 10 slides
Must be presentable within 15 minutes given time
Lectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez
CHEERS
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYLectu
re of
Mark Lo
uie D
. Lop
ez