LoRaWAN™ for Smart CitiesMunich, May 2015

Jonathan Pearce Wireless Marketing Manager

www.LoRa-Alliance.org

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IoT Context … by Range• IoT is all encompassing, with ranges scaling

from wearables to the wide-area• Data becomes valuable when connected to

the cloud

PersonalArea

BT / NFC

BuildingArea

WiFi / ZigBee

WideArea

Cellular / Satellite

€ Value $ £

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LoRaWAN™ Use-Cases:

Smart CitySmart EnergySmart Home and SecuritySmart AgricultureLight Control

Monitoring/ Control

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Essential Requirements

✓#1 - Long Range, greater than existing infrastructure✓#2 - Long battery autonomy, 10 years or more✓#3 - Low cost: infrastructure, nodes, service✓#4 - Scalable & robust infrastructure✓#5 - Secure and trusted✓#6 - Simple commissioning✓#7 - Open & interoperable standard✓#8 - “Killer-App” features✗High data rate – not needed in most IoT systems

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What is LoRaTM Technology?

A combination of two major concepts:

• LoRaTM spread spectrum modulation• Provides the core long range capability

Up to 5km range in urban environment, up to 15km suburban• Developed by Cycleo, acquired by Semtech• Powerful gateway baseband allows multiple receive channels

• LoRaWANTM network protocol stack• Provides the cellular network (aka large-star topology)• Defined by IBM & Actility, made open by the LoRaTM Alliance• Flat & modern “software defined” architecture:

• Routing complexity is centralized in the cloud data center• Gateways are relatively basic RF-to-IP packet forwarders

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LoRaTM uses ‘Chirp’ spread spectrum modulation

Innovative & cost sensitive transceiver implementation Demodulate signals below the noise floor, improving sensitivity by ~20dB Robust against interference, noise, and jamming from WiFi, BT, GSM, 3G, LTE Multiples signals can occupy the same channel (CDMA) Tolerant to frequency offsets (unlike DSSS or narrow-band)

103

104

105

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

bits/secsensitiv

ity (

dB

m)

GFSK

LoRa

-138dBm

#1 – Long-Range Modulation

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LoRaWAN™ Coverage Test

• 1000 node demo during Electronica trade-show

• 6 gateways, giving full coverage of NW quarter of Munich City

• 15km between suburban GWs• 5km between urban GWs• Excellent robust comms and

indoor penetration

Smart City Coverage !

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#2 – Long Battery Autonomy

Rx slots 1 & 2 are optional for ACK or DL Fast Rx sync means unused Rx slots use

negligible energy compared to Tx

End Device

Tx Packet

End device sleeps Rx slot 1 Rx slot 2

Typ. 40mA @+14dBm Typ.

1uATyp.

11mA

1 second

1 second

5 Symbols:5.1 ms @ SF710.2 ms @ SF8…164 ms SF12

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#2 – Long Battery Autonomy Assumptions:

20 transactions / day Sleep current ~1uA (including the MCU) MCU is mostly Off during Tx ACK not used The energy usage of the 2 unused Rx windows is negligible (<1%) Pout = +14 dBm, IDDTX = 40 mA

Tx Payload size (Bytes)

290 bpsSF12

1 kbpsSF10

5.4 kbpsSF7

4 ~5.3 uA ~2.3 uA ~1.2 uA16 ~8.4 uA ~3.2 uA ~1.4 uA32 ~12.5 uA ~4.4 uA ~1.6 uA

Typical solution using a 16 byte payload and mostly SF10 needs only 300mAh battery for 10 year autonomy

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LoRaTM Modulation Benefits(#3 – Low Cost & #4 – Scalable)

Key Features Application Benefit

162dBm link budget (-148dBm sensitivity, +14dBm Tx @ 868MHz) Longest range

Jamming resistant – tolerant to burst interference

Robust links and network efficiency>100dB blocking

Simultaneous transmissions on same channel

Insensitive to XTAL offsets (no TCXO)

Lower system costEliminates need for repeaters

10mA RX current, nA sleep current Extended battery lifetime

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What is LoRaWANTM Protocol?(WAN = Wide Area Network)

Bidirectional Bidirectional Scalable Capacity Broadcast

Security Unique ID Application Key Network Key

A Large-Scale, Bi-directional, Secured, Cellular NetworkDesigned for low data-rate (~1kbps), low duty-cycle (~100mins),

high capacity (~100k nodes) & long battery life (~10yrs)Developed, maintained and promoted by the LoRaTM Alliance Microchip is a founder member and sits on Strategic, Marketing

& Technical committeesDeployable as both public or private networksScalable from a single gateway to national coverage

Multi-Usage High capacity Multi-tenant Public networks

Low Cost Minimal infrastructure Simple gateways Low cost end-nodes

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#4 - LoRaWANTM Infrastructure Private Network

Individually managed networks, total end-to-end ownership Public Network

Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes Hybrid Network

Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN server product

Products with Microchip LoRaWANTM Modem

LoRaWANTM

GatewaysLoRaWANNetwork Server

End Users Telco Operator

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Case Study: Senet (USA)

A single business case was enough to justify building a private LoRaWAN™ network Heating fuel (propane) delivery to residential properties Previously inefficient – were filling cautiously when still 50% full Adding cloud-connected level sensor reduces 2 to 3 deliveries / year Also creates customer interaction, fuel level data is viewable online Looked at cellular (too power hungry) and Wi-Fi (intrusive to

customer’s network) but found LoRaWAN to be the best solution

Once established, Senet is able to open this LoRaWANnetwork as a public service Multi-tenant business model further improves revenue and ROI Expands network, improves density & capacity ‘Almost instant’ availability of a public network

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#5 – End-to-end SecurityM

CH

P M

odem

ParserLoRaWAN SlaveRadio driver

LoRa Radio

SPI

Customer Node App

UART

Coax

LoRa NodeConcentrator GPS

PPSCoax

Packet Forwarder

Gateway

Network ControllerCLOUD

Server IF

TCP/IP

LoRaWAN Master

Customer Server App

Data base

Logical connection - AES128 NwksKey

Secure Payload Data - AES128 AppsKey

SPI UART

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#6 – Simple Commissioning

“No touch” out-of-the-box commissioning Two activation methods available:

OTAA Over-the-Air Activation Based on Globally Unique ID Flexible Channel Plan

ABP Activation-By-Personalization Shared keys stored at production Locked to a specific network

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#7 – Open Standards& The LoRaTM Alliance

www.LoRa-Alliance.org

An open, non-profit association of members that believes the Internet-of-Things era is now

Already more than 40 companies have joined with over 400 requests for membership

Missionto standardize Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) being deployed around the world to enable Internet-of-Things(IoT), Machine-to-Machine (M2M), smart city and industrial applications

The Alliance members will collaborateto drive the global success of the LoRaTM

protocol (LoRaWANTM), by sharing knowledge and experience to guarantee interoperability between operators and devices in one open global standard

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#8 – The “Killer App”

X1,Y1,Z1

ΔT1

ΔT2

ΔT3

X2,Y2,Z2

X3,Y3,Z3

Computation Performed In the Cloud

Localization• Node positioning to 10m• No reception or computation

burden on the end-node• Positioning functionality with

10 year battery life

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Next Steps …

Visit us on the Mouser Stand

www.LoRa-Alliance.orgwww.Microchip.com/LoRa

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Trademarks

The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KeeLoq, KeeLoq logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.

FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.

SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2015, Microchip Technology Incorporated, All Rights Reserved.