los mandatos espanol 4.2 commands. commands commands are used to tell someone what to do. you use...
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Los mandatosEspanol 4.2 Commands
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Commands
•Commands are used to tell someone what to do. You use them to give orders.
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Types of CommandsFormal Informal
•“Ud.” and “Uds.” commands
•Can be affirmative (+) or negative
•Nosotros “Let’s”
•“tú” commands
•Can be affirmative (+) or negative
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Formal Commands
•You use formal commands to talk to someone with respect (Ud.), or to address a group (Uds.).
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Formation of Formal Commands
• Formal commands are formed the exact same way we form the subjunctive. Ar verbs Er/Ir verbs
Usted Take “-e” for the ending
Take “-a” as the ending
Ustedes Take “-en” for the ending
Take “-an” as the ending
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Ejemplos
•¡Beba el café!
•¡No beba el café!
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Ejemplos
•¡Tomen apuntes!
•¡No tomen apuntes!
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Los Irregulares
•Verbs that are irregular in the subjunctive are also irregular for formal commands.
•Boot Verbs•Special Spelling Changers•“Yo” Irregulars•Total Irregulars
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Boot Verbs
Infinitive
CerrarJugarEmpezarSeguir (to follow/continue)Volver (to return)
Usted
(No) cierre
(No) juegue*(No) empiece*(No) siga(No) vuelva
Ustedes
(No) cierren(No) jueguen*(No) empiecen*(No) sigan(No) vuelvan
*also spelling change to preserve the sound
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Special Spelling Changers
Infinitive
SacarPagarBuscarAbrazar (to hug)Escoger (to choose)Conducir (to drive)
Usted
(No) saque(No) pague(No) busque(No) abrace(No) escoja(No) conduzca
Ustedes
(No) saquen(No) paguen(No) busquen(No) abracen(No) escojan(No)conduzcan
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“Yo” Irregulars
Infinitive
DecirHacerVerPonerTenerSalirVenirCaer
Usted
(No) diga(No) haga(No) vea(No) ponga(No) tenga(No) salga(No) venga(No) caiga
Ustedes
(No) digan(No) hagan(No) vean(No) pongan(No) tengan(No) salgan(No) vengan(No) caigan
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Total Irregulars
Infinitive
DarEstarIrSaberSer
Usted
(No) dé(No) esté(No) vaya(No) sepa(No) sea
Ustedes
(No) den(No) estén(No) vayan(No) sepan(No) sean
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Ejemplo
•¡Siga el camino!
•¡No siga el camino!
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Ejemplo
•¡Conduzcan lentamente!
•¡No conduzcan lentamente!
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Ejemplo
•¡Ponga su chaqueta en el armario!
•¡No ponga su chaqueta en el armario!
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Ejemplos
•¡Den su tarea a la Srta. Heller!
•¡No den su tareaa la Srta. Heller!
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Nosotros Commands•Once again the subjunctive form is the key to success for
these commands
Comer Vivir Hablar
¡Comamos! ¡Vivamos! ¡Hablemos!
Beber Escribir Andar
¡Bebamos! ¡Escribamos!
¡Andemos!
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Los Irregulares
•Verbs that are irregular in the subjunctive are also irregular for formal commands.
•Boot Verbs•Special Spelling Changers•“Yo” Irregulars•Total Irregulars
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Boot Verbs
InfinitiveCerrarJugarEmpezarSeguir (to follow/continue)Volver (to return)
Nosotros Command
(No) cerremos(No) juguemos*(No) empecemos*(No) sigamos(No) volvamos
*also spelling change to preserve the sound
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Special Spelling Changers
Infinitive
SacarPagarBuscarAbrazar (to hug)Escoger (to choose)Conducir (to drive)
Nosotros Command
(No) saquemos(No) paguemos(No) busquemos(No) abracemos(No) escojamos(No) conduzcamos
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“Yo” Irregulars
Infinitive
DecirHacerVerPonerTenerSalirVenirCaer
Nosotros Command
(No) digamos(No) hagamos(No) veamos(No) pongamos(No) tengamos(No) salgamos(No) vengamos(No) caigamos
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Total Irregulars
Infinitive
DarEstarIrSaberSer
Nosotros Commands
(No) demos(No) estemos(No) vayamos(No) sepamos(No) seamos
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Reflexive Verbs
Infinitive Nosotros Command
•Levantarse•Sentarse•Dormirse (to fall asleep)
•Levantemos+nos▫=levantémonos
•Sentemos+nos▫=sentémonos
•Durmamos+nos▫=durmámonos
With reflexive verbs the final “s” of the verb drops before adding “nos.”
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Alternative Forms of the Nosotros Command
•You can always use “Vamos + a + infinitive” to create a nosotros command.
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Ejemplos
•¡Invitemos a Ke$ha!
•¡Vamos a invitar a Ke$ha!
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Ejemplos
•¡Abracémonos!
•¡Vamos a abrazarnos!
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Affirmative “tú” Commands
•If you want to give a command to a friend or someone with whom you would use “tú” just put the verb in the “él/ella/usted” form of the present tense.
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Affirmative “tú” Commands
•Él lava los platos-He washes the plates (present tense)
•¡Lava los platos!Wash the plates! (command)
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Affirmative “tú” Commands
Comer Vivir Hablar
¡Come! ¡Vive! ¡Habla!
Beber Escribir Andar
¡Bebe! ¡Escribe! ¡Anda!
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Los Irregulares• These eight verbs are irregular in the “affirmative tú” command
Decir DiHacer Haz
Ser Sé
Ir Ve
Poner Pon
Tener Ten
Salir Sal
Venir Ven
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Negative “tú” Commands• To make a negative “tú” command (telling someone NOT to do
something) use the “tú” form of the subjunctive.
Ar verbs Er/Ir verbs
Take “-es” for the ending
Take “-as” as the ending
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Ejemplos
•¡Come las verduras!
•¡No comas las verduras!
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Ejemplos
•¡Haz ejercicios 1 a 7!
•¡No hagas ejercicios 1 a 7!
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Ejemplos
•¡Habla español!
•¡No hables inglés!
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Los irregulares• Verbs that are irregular in the subjunctive are also irregular for
negative “tú” commands.
• Boot Verbs• Special Spelling Changers• “Yo” Irregulars• Total Irregulars
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Boot Verbs
InfinitiveCerrarJugarEmpezarSeguir (to follow/continue)Volver (to return)
Affirmative “tú”
CierraJuegaEmpiezaSigueVuelve
Negative “tú”
No cierresNo juegues*No empieces*No sigasNo vuelvas
*also spelling change to preserve the sound
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Special Spelling Changers
Infinitive
SacarPagarBuscarAbrazar (to hug)Escoger (to choose)Conducir (to drive)
Affirmative “tú”
SacaPagaBuscaAbrazaEscogeConduce
Negative “tú”
No saquesNo paguesNo busquesNo abracesNo escojasNo conduzcas
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“Yo” Irregulars
Infinitive
DecirHacerVerPonerTenerSalirVenirCaer
Affirmative “tú”DiHazVePonTenSalVenCae
Negative “tú”
No digasNo hagasNo veasNo pongasNo tengasNo salgasNo vengasNo caigas
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Total Irregulars
Infinitive
DarEstarIrSaberSer
Affirmative “tú”
DaEstáVeSabeSé
Negative “tú”
No desNo estésNo vayasNo sepasNo seas
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¡Cierra la puerta!¡No cierres la puerta!
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¡Abraza tu abuelo!¡No abraces tu abuelo!
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¡Ven aquí!¡No vengas aquí!
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¡Sé tu mismo!¡No seas tu mismo!