lot specific hvac design for multi- configuration homes€¦ · solar orientation. house #1:...
TRANSCRIPT
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Lot Specific HVAC Design for Multi-Configuration Homes
Aaron Holden – Design Manager
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Directions:
Step 1) Stand across street from home and hold this card at arm’s length.
Step 2) Pick the AC capacity of the cutout your home fits in.
2 Tons 3 Tons 4 Tons
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What Has Changed?
Design Conditions Field Conditions
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What Has Changed?Load Comparison
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Axis
Title
Infiltration
Doors
Ventilation
Internal
Ceilings
Walls
Ducts
Windows
30 Year Old Home 2009 Code Built Energy Star Home
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Regional Differences - Loads
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Coronado CA
Phoenix AZ
Denver CO
Houston TX
Orlando FL
Sensible Latent
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Coronado CA
Phoenix AZ
Denver CO
Houston TX
Orlando FL
Total Heat
Coronado, CAPhoenix, AZ
Denver, CO
Houston, TX
Orlando, FL
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Actual capacity depends on design conditions.
36 kBTU/h 36 kBTU/h 36 kBTU/h
Atlanta95 F
Phoenix108 F
Chicago85 F
33.2 kBTU/h 31.4 kBTU/h 34.8 kBTU/h
Regional Differences - Capacities
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Room ARoom B
Room CRoom D
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
N NE E SE S SW W NW
Roo
m A
irfl
ow in
CFM
Multi-Configuration Design Complexity:Solar Orientation
House #1: Concentrated
Glazing
Room A
Room B
Room C
Room D
Load Varies Greatly with Orientation
Room Airflows Aligned
15
20
25
30
35
40
N NE E SE S SW W NWLo
ad in
kB
TUh
N
S
EW
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Room Level Airflow
Load Distribution Airflow Distribution
Location%
AirflowAirflow (CFM)
Room A 10% 200 Room B 5% 100 Other 85% 1,700 Total Equipment Airflow 100% 2,000
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Multi-Configuration Design ComplexityOptions Livable Sqft Glazing Sqft # of Bedrooms
Standard 2693 399 4
Elevations 0 5 0MSGD at Dining 0 42 0MSGD at Great 0 34 0Glass Block at Master Bath 0 12 0Bay Window Owners Suite 24 15 0Dining Extension 24 0 0AV Build-in 29 0 0Bed and Bath ILO Tandem Garage 187 20 1Guest Suite - W/ SGD at Deck 413 9 1Bed ILO Loft 0 0 1Max WC Configuration 3370 536 7
Options Livable Sqft Glazing Sqft # of BedroomsStandard 2693 399 4Max WC Configuration 3370 536 7Delta 677 137 3
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Multi-Configuration Design Complexity
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Cooling BC
Cooling WC
Walls
Glazing
Doors
Ceilings
Infiltration
Ducts
Ventilation
Internal Gains
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Multi-Configuration Design Complexity
OPTIONS!!!
Plans Options Option Combinations
Load Configurations
Room-levelTarget Airflows
1 6 64 x 16 = 1,024 x 15 = 15,360
1 15 32,768 x 16 = 524,288 x 15 = 7,864,320
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“Layer Cake” HVAC Design
BaseBase
BaseBase
BaseBase
BaseBase
Opt. 1
Opt. 1
Opt. 1
Opt. 1
Opt. 1
Opt. 1
Opt. 1
Opt. 1Opt. 2
Opt. 2
Opt. 2
Opt. 2
Opt. 2
Opt. 2
Opt. 2
Opt. 2Opt. 3Opt. 3
Opt. 3
Opt. 3
Opt. 3
Opt. 3Opt. 3
Opt. 3Opt. 4
Opt. 4 Opt. 4
Opt. 4
Opt. 4
Opt. 4Opt. 4 Opt. 4
Opt. 5 Opt. 5 Opt. 5
Opt. 5Opt. 5 Opt. 5
Opt. 5Opt. 5
2.5 ton
3.0 ton
3.5 ton
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
N NE E SE S SW W NW Eqpt
Heat
Loa
d/Ca
paci
ty (B
TUh)
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Results
155 162
22 16
2009 2010 2012 2013
Airbalance Requests
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Triple Win: Lot-Specific Design
Improve Energy Efficiency
Enhance Homeowner Comfort
Reduced Costs
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Plug-N-Play Ductwork: Delivering Comfort in Low-Load Homes
Tim Beggs, Manager, Innovation
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WHY?Business Case
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Conventional Ductwork: Issues + Limitations
• Poor layout practices• Typically routed through
unconditioned space• Leaky, requiring secondary sealing• Hard to install properly
with available labor • Inadequate access to adjust and
maintain• Not well-integrated into architecture
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Low Load Homes: Less Air, Delivery Challenges
• Below 10 btu/hr/ft2
• Poor air distribution, throw, mixing• Comfort performance issues• May impede acceptance of “high
performance” homes
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WHAT?Proposed Solution
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Plug-n-Play Concept
• Small diameter• Home run manifold
arrangement• Kit of parts• Intuitive design
methodology
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Performance and Integration Impacts
Plug-n-Play System Conventional Residential Duct System
Low pressure drop at small sizes Low pressure drop at larger sizesSeals well and easily Seal integrity is questionableThermally resistive duct wall Requires insulationRight-sized for small-capacity HVAC equipment
Overkill for low load homes
Fits within framing Requires soffitsHome run arrangement possible Trunk and branch or extended
plenum required
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Constructability and Cost Impacts
Plug-n-Play System Conventional Residential Duct System
Lower installed cost Higher installed costFew unique components, 1 or 2 sizes
Multiple sizes and SKU’s
Semi rigid for quicker, easier installation
Rigid, multi-step installation, extended site time
Simple connections, attachments Extra steps for joints and takeoffsSuitable for burdened labor market Requires greater skillsSimplicity Complexity
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HOWWe Got Here
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Field Data Collection
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Lab Testing
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Performance Simulations Design Methodology
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Revealing a Gap in Material Availability
Define the acceptable characteristics of• Pressure drop• R-value• Mass• Durability• Cost• Rigidity / Flexibility• Flame spread• Smoke development• Incremental tube sizes; every 1/10th inch?
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NEXT STEPS
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Time and Motion Study
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Ongoing Project Work
• Characterize the pressure and airflow relationships for small diameter ducts and fittings
• Characterize the installed performance of the Plug-n-Play system
• Compare performance to traditional air distribution system approaches
• Define range of application for the system in terms of home size, load, load density, and climate
• Identify acceptable material properties
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Ongoing Project Work
• Address code compliance further• Analyze cost and installation impacts• Cooling season evaluations• Finalize design methodology• Develop installation guidance• Secure interest from a builder and
manufacturer