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Name: Date: Block:
Bacteria NotesBell Ringer: Name the 3 Domains:
Name the 6 Kingdoms:
Write your own name in Binomial Nomenclature:
Objective: We will learn about bacterial structures, identification, reproduction, usefulness, and prevention.
Vocabulary:
Peptidoglycan
Gram Staining
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Chemoautotroph
Photoautotroph
Obligate Aerobe
Obligate Anaerobe
Facultative Anaerobe
Binary Fission
Nitrogen Fixer
Decomposer
Antibiotics
Sterilization
Bacterial Diseases
Beneficial Bacteria
History of Bacteria:
____________________________ invented the first microscope! Advanced microscopes are able to see bacteria. Most bacteria range in size from 1-5 _____________________________ (µm).
Recall that bacteria were originally grouped together into a single Kingdom called __________________. Now, we have two types of bacteria: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
All bacteria are ___________________________: consisting of a single cell that lacks a nucleus, and lacks major organelles. All prokaryotes have a _____________________________.
Eubacteria:
Location Found: all over _______________! Plants, animals, ground, tables, chairs, door knobs, etc.
Cause Disease: ______, Ex. Escherichia coli. _____, Ex. Lactobacillus acidophilus
Cell Wall: ______ peptidoglycan.
Archaebacteria:
Location Found: only in extreme/________ environments! Hot springs, Sulphur vents, salt lakes, etc.
Cause Disease: ______, Ex. Thermoproteus tenax
Cell Wall: ______ peptidoglycan.
Name: Date: Block:
Types of:
Eubacteria:
Cyanobacteria: __________________
Ex: green algae
Proteobacteria: pathogenic
Ex: salmonella
Spyrochetes: spiral shaped
Ex: _________ disease
Chlamidyas: parasitic
Ex: Chlamidyas avium
Archaebacteria:
Thermophiles: like ________
Ex: Pyrodictium bacteria
Halophiles: like _______
Ex: Dunaliella salina
Methanogens: methane producing
Ex: Methanosarcina barkeri
Identifying Prokaryotes:
3 Ways: Shape, Cell Wall Contents, and Movement. All identification methods involve using a _________________________!
1. Bacterial Shape:
Rod: called “bacilli” shaped like a _______________. Round: called “cocci” shaped like a ___________. Spiral: called “spirillum” shaped like a spiral.
2. Cell Wall Identification:
Bacteria are separated into 2 categories according to what is/isn’t in their _________________.
Gram Staining: is the process of dying bacteria with a stain that ___________________ with peptidoglycan in cell wall.
Gram Negative = bacteria turn ________: Archaebacteria Gram Positive = bacteria turn _______________: Eubacteria
3. Bacterial Movement:
Some bacteria have cilia/pili which are little ________-like projections that help them ____________ around.
Other bacteria have a _____________(s)called a flagella they whip around to help them move.
Name: Date: Block:
Pilli/Cilia: finger-like projections to help with movement.
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that fills bacteria.
Chromosome: genetic material of the bacteria.
Ribosome: manufactures protein for cell processes.
Cell Wall: Tough exterior protection.
Capsule: Extra thick/tough protective barrier.
Plasma Membrane: thin/flexible innermost membrane.
Plasmid: extra piece of circular piece of DNA
Flagella: tail for movement.
Think-Pair-Share!
Name the 2 Kingdoms of Prokaryotes.
What are the 3 Shapes of a Bacteria?
How is Peptidoglycan used to identify bacteria?
Obtaining Nutrition:
1. Autotrophs: 2 Types
Photoautotroph: use sunlight to create their own food by _____________________________. Chemoautotroph: live where there is _____ light, so they use ________________________ to
create their own food.
2. Heterotrophs: Bacteria that do NOT make their own __________, they have to consume an outside source of energy for their nutrition.
Ex: they excrete special ________________ that break down food around them; they can absorb it through their _______________________ to get nutrition.
Name: Date: Block:
Oxygen or No-oxygen Needed? Some bacteria are safe, and some will get you sick!
Obligate Aerobic Bacteria require __________________ to live, just like you and I.
Ex: good = Bacillus subtilis, Ex: bad = Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria will ______ in the presence of oxygen.
Ex: good = Lactobacilli, Ex: bad = Clostridium
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria that are very _____________________ and can live happily with or without oxygen. Will make you sick!
Ex: bad = E. coli, salmonella, shigella
Bacteria Reproduction:
When the conditions a bacterium live in are ___________, then they can reproduce quickly!
Binary Fission: bacteria grow to double their size, duplicate their ________, then physically separate into 2 _____________________ new bacteria.
Reproduction is __________: 20min to 2 days only!
This process is only held in check by the amount of nutrients and _______________ in the bacteria’s environment.
If environmental conditions become too rough/_________ for the bacteria to survive, they will form a thick layer of extra protection around themselves.
Spore/endospore is the _________________ form of a bacteria. They exist in a vegetative state until favorable conditions return.
Ex: High radiation, temperature too high/low, high chemicals.
Think-Pair-Share!
Describe the ways bacteria get energy/nutrition.
What type of bacteria can live with/without oxygen?
How do bacteria reproduce?
Name: Date: Block:
Good Bacteria:
Decomposers: ______________________ bacteria that break down nonliving things in the environment.
Forest: dead plants and animals are broken down by bacteria, returning their _______________________ to the soil.
Water Treatment: raw sewage is broken down, leaving ________________ water behind to be filtered and re-used.
Nitrogen Fixers: ___________________________________ bacteria break down chemicals in the environment.
Plants: nitrogen fixing bacteria break down nitrogen gas (N2) in the _______, convert it into ammonium NH3 (liquid nitrogen ________________________) for plants to use.
________________________ relationship, they live on plant roots. Ex: Rhizobium live on soybeans.
Food Production: many types of good bacteria are used to create the foods we love!
Ex: cheese, yogurt, kefir, chocolate, soy sauce, kimchi, etc.
Industrially: ________________________: some heterotrophic bacteria eat oil and can be used to help clean up oil spills in the ocean!
Pharmaceutical Drugs: many __________ bacteria are used to produce drugs such as insulin, penicillin, etc.
Bad Bacteria: Disease-causing bacteria = ______________________. Cause disease in 2 ways:
1. Damaging tissues by using it as a __________ source (heterotrophic).
Ex: tuberculosis breaks down lung tissue. Leaf spot in plants.
2. By releasing toxins/poisons that _________ the body.
Ex: food poisoning by E. coli, or Streptococcus causing strep throat.
Most bacterial infections can be stopped by using _________________________. This drug stops them from being able to _________________________ properly.
Name: Date: Block:
Controlling Bacteria: 2 Main Techniques:
Sterilization: high _________ kills bacteria.
Ex: cooking your food with high heat, cleaning your dishes in hot water.
Disinfecting: strong ______________________ kill bacteria.
Ex: Household cleaners such as Clorox bleach, hand sanitizer.
Think-Pair-Share!
Name at least 3 was bacteria can be beneficial:
How do bacteria cause disease?
How are bacterial infections treated?