low impact development, its future & what it means to ...€¦ · ceo impact capital ten steps...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Low Impact Development, Its Future & What it Means to Public Works
Peg Staeheli, ASLA, LEED® AP – SvR Design Company, Seattle, WARonald L. Norris, PE, Public Works Director - City of Lenexa, KSDick McKinley, Public Works Director - City of Bellingham, WATricia Thomson P.E. , Project Manager - City of Redmond, WA
2008 APWA International Public Works Congress and Exposition
Greatest Underused Asset: Space
2
Shift from Cities for Cars
“No One Get’s Everything, But Everyone Gets A Lot.”-Allan Jacobs
To Cities for People
3
Low Impact Development and What It Means to Public Works
• How are we doing today?
• LID Definitions
• Why are we looking to change?
• LID Implementation Strategies for Public Works Professionals
• Examples: Planning, Partnering, Experiments and Innovation
• Green Infrastructure
Low Impact Development How are we doing?
Whether we see the function of wetlands and streams as amenities, stormwater canals, wildlife habitat or the veins of our world, no one is satisfied.
Public works can bridge relationshipsbetween water supply, growth, development and habitat.
Partnering with the development and environmental communities to develop and use new tools will help us better manage our world.
4
DefinitionsLow-Impact Development (LID)
LID is a stormwater management and land development strategy applied at the parcel and subdivision scale that emphasizes conservation and use of on-site natural features integrated with engineered, small-scale hydrologic controls to more closely mimic predevelopment hydrologic functions.
Source: Low Impact Development – Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound, P. 7, January 2005; Puget Sound Action Team and the Washington State University Pierce County Extension
Low-Impact Development (LID)
“Low impact design is a design approach for site development that protects and incorporates natural site features into erosion and sediment control and stormwater management plans.”
Source: Low Impact Design Manual for the Auckland Region, P. i-1, April 2000; Auckland Regional Council
5
Low-Impact Development (LID)
“We design systems that mimic nature.”
Source: The City of Olympia, Washington
Why are we doing this?
6
Why are we doing this?
Health, Safety and Welfare
Protection for People and our Infrastructure– Flooding– Erosion– Sedimentation
Protection of our Land and Water Resource– Water Quality– Habitat– Beauty
Cost Effectiveness
Implementation of LID Strategies Requires Integrated Thinking
Permitting Operations & Maintenance
Finance
Planning
Policy
Construction
LID and Green Infrastructure
7
Sustainable Alternatives LID + Green Infrastructure Using Asset Management
Are we missing opportunities for sustainable investments because of we don’t look broadly enough at alternatives?
Can we apply asset management tools to sustainable projects to get more value per dollar spent?
Broader alternatives
More robust analyses
CIP process
Proposed Budget
Adopted Budget
Service delivery + implementation
Image courtesy of City of Seattle
Larry Frevert, APWA Past President reminds us:
We can make a difference
We are capable
We will try
We must !
8
Implementation of LID Strategies
Plan Early– Know your systems
Policy and Financing Assessment
Adopt Standards and Design Guidelines– Move from a Non-Standard Approach
– Integrate Design Flexibility
– Draw Upon Outside Examples - Share
Coordination– Public Works, Planning, Streets, Outside Agencies,
Developers
– Trying often requires you to make compromises
– Train
Understand and Anticipate – Space, Constructability, Costs, Maintenance
Provide Public Information and Education
It is time that low impact development moves from alternative to mainstream
Decisions- How do you make them? Olympia, WA
9
Design and Permitting
Establish clear requirements
Topography and soils
Private vs. Public
Balancing Priorities as you allow new methods
Require Integrated Design
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2-year 10-year 25-year 100-year
Recurrence Interval
Pea
k D
isch
arge
(cfs
)
Forest conditions
Pasture conditions
Current conditions
Redeveloped conditions, without NDS
Redeveloped conditions, with NDS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2-year 10-year 25-year 100-year
Recurrence Interval
Pea
k D
isch
arge
(cfs
)
Forest conditions
Pasture conditions
Current conditions
Redeveloped conditions, without NDS
Redeveloped conditions, with NDS
Soils Exploration
Modeling- or use data from others
Communications
Words mean different things to engineers, landscape architects, planners, architects, regulatory staff, contractors, owners, developers, builders, real estate agents, citizens.
Semantics cause iterative discussions on what these terms actually mean
When meanings affect construction prices, property values, regulatory enforcement and maintenance practices it is worth spending time on definitions and intent.
dispersedischargeporous
swalefiltration
trenchgravelconvey
perforatedabsorb
integration
10
Swales – Use in Natural Drainage SystemsWhat are they? A non- technical view
Swale Flat Bottom Depression Ditch Deep- cut steep side slopes Conveyance Swale Purpose to move water (temp vs permanent) Bioswale Engineered vegetated swale: cleans water Bioretention Swale Vegetated: infiltrates & cleans water Natural Drainage Swales Engineered system with amended
subsurface soil layer Raingarden Organic shaped depression
with amended soils and plants to soak up and retain water. Typically has overflow.
Stormwater planter More structural to complement building- functions as retention to reduce stormwater discharge. Planted
Furrow Small conveyance swale Dispersal or Infiltration Trench Underground washed rock or gravel to
spread out flows
Some Examples:
Partnering
Planning
Experiments, Prototypes and Innovation
11
PartneringCity of Seattle and Seattle Housing Authority 2001- ongoingHigh Point Redevelopment, Seattle, WA
Longfellow Creek watershed
High Point prior to redevelopment
High Point basin
Puget Sound
Downtown Seattle
Lake
Washington
High Point Redevelopment- 120 acres 1600 mixed use community
GOALS:
Affordable housing community traditional urban feel
Treat the storm water closer to its “source”
Blend with the adjacent older neighborhoods (curbs and gutters were a requirement)
Develop LID drainage strategies that can be applied for urban retrofit
Partnership: Seattle Public Utilities (SPU); Seattle Housing Authority (SHA)
Concept Graphic
12
Goal – High Point: Reduce flows through LID and natural systems
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Forest Pasture Current Redeveloped, no NSS Redeveloped, with NSS
Condition
Du
rati
on
th
at
2-y
ea
r p
ea
k f
low
ra
te, b
as
ed
on
p
as
ture
co
nd
itio
ns
, is
ex
ce
ed
ed
(h
ou
rs/y
ea
r)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Forest Pasture Current Redeveloped, no NSS Redeveloped, with NSS
Condition
Du
rati
on
th
at
2-y
ea
r p
ea
k f
low
ra
te, b
as
ed
on
p
as
ture
co
nd
itio
ns
, is
ex
ce
ed
ed
(h
ou
rs/y
ea
r)
Goal: Appropriate Pavement Width for Urban Community
13
Goal: Use of Natural Drainage Swales in ROW
Reduce Pollutants from Streets
and Lawns
Allow for Sediment to Settle Out
Amend soils for increased
infiltration
Attenuate Flows
Reduce Storm Runoff Peaks
from Small Storm Events
Improve Habitat
High Point Redevelopment: How Does It Work Together?
14
High Point Natural Drainage StrategiesHousing: Block-level Design Tools to Meet Effective Impervious - Average across 120 acres 60%
Gravel Pave
Splash Blocks
Saved Trees
Pop Up Emitters
Permeable pavements
Rain gardens
And furrows, gravel pockets, flow spreaders, and dispersal trenches
15
High Point Maintenance Associations
1. Right of Way (white), Natural Drainage, Parks and Open Space (green and purple) –Maintenance Guide for LID
2. Home Owners-(Blue)
3. Community (all)
4. Rental Housing (white)
Seattle Public Utilities will maintain the below grade natural drainage system including : engineered soils, structures, pipes
High Point Redevelopment- 22 acre foot pond
16
The Results: High Point 100 year event
5.21 inch event 20
Planning
Kirkland WA Capital Improvement Program
Bellevue WA LID Incentives
17
City of Kirkland, WA CIP Revision: LID Feasibility Study- 2007
Council conceptually supportive of LID
Developers asking City to act under the same LID guidelines that they were
Administrators asking, “How can we implement?”
Looking to Seattle, Portland, Maryland etc for innovative case studies
+
Kirkland LID Retrofit to CIP Cycle
Asked to review 12 CIP projects relating to transportation
$470M 6-year CIP budget
Transportation + Surface WaterManagement Utility
Most projects fully funded
Programming established
Can we reframe the programming to move away from one-problem solutions?
18
How were projects evaluated ?
Ease of Implementation
LID Demonstration Potential
Comparative Capital Costs
Maintenance Costs
Ecological, Human Health Benefits
Encouraging Interagency Collaboration
Each project then given a Cumulative Score that balanced risk and reward across multiple evaluative metrics . . .
Kirkland LID Implementation Study
More Fiscally Responsible Healthier Environmentally Responsive Safer More Attractive Increases adjacent property values
If approved by City Council, we will have produced capital expenditures that will make Kirkland function in ways that are:
Achieve 230% + more of their Comprehensive Plan Goals 50% of those projects requiring little to no increase in initial funding
19
City of Bellevue: Draft LID Incentives- 2008
Experiments, Prototypes and Innovation
Permeable Pavements in the right of way
Raingardens and community engagement
Innovative Right of Way
Daylighting storm drains
20
Permeable Pavements
N. Gay Ave, Portland, OR
Porous Asphalt Concrete
32nd Avenue SW, Seattle, WA
Porous Cement Concrete
Permeable Pavements
Decatur Avenue, Olympia WA
Porous asphalt, Porous concrete pavers and Raingardens
21
New Orleans Raingarden Project 2006 Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard
New Orleans Public Works Chief Engineer: Nguyen Phan with
Richard Scheirman
“Growing” Vine Street, Seattle WAInnovative Use of Right of Way
Urban Drainage Rooftop collection Cascade of Pools Cleans Stormwater Runoff Art Integration Pea Patch
22
Snohomish County Fairgrounds
Porous Pavers
Porous Asphalt
Raingardens
Stormwater Planters
Art Integration
Educational -Outreach
School House Park Swale, Seattle WADaylighting Storm Drains-Small scale
23
Community participation
Negotiated Property Agreement
Public/Private Joint construction
Urban Stormwater Treatment- 660 acresThornton Creek Water Quality Channel-Seattle, WADaylighting Storm drains – large scale
Northgate Commons
Channel
Northgate Commons
Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel
Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel-
Daylighting Storm drains – large scale
24
Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel
Diversion structure
Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel
25
Partnering, Planning, Innovation: Public vs. Private Sector Views of LID
– Setting an example ( this has been done before)
– Measurable/tangible ( we can see it works but can you prove it?)
– Funding (how much more? …what is more? Is it more? Benefits?)
• Capital cost
• Lifecycle cost flip project vs 20 year hold vs long term investment
• Multi-function (added value – inform – accept – desire)
– Maintenance
– Perceptions
• Public projects require a high degree of success to avoid skepticism
• Private work requires acceptance by Owner/User and neighbors
Success! we are moving forward:
Codes & Planning,Designs & Standards, Budgeting and Funding,Permitting, Construction, Inspection, Operations and Maintenance
……and Education
Our Communities are beginning to think in terms of Green Infrastructure
26
Introduction
defining green infrastructure, from the site to the city to the region
+
Introduction
nature “out there” and nature “nearby” are green infrastructure
Snoqualmie River
Fall City, Washington
Jamison Square, Portland, Oregon,
Peter Walker & Partners
27
Introduction
green infrastructure can help us address profound environmental challenges
layers
High Point public housing
redevelopment, Seattle
Looking at any community…
28
ayers
we can map its green infrastructure.
ayers mobility
water
community
habitat
Peeling apart a series of green infrastructure systems like layers
and looking at their constituent parts...
29
Table of Elements
reveals a table of green infrastructure elements.
Table of Elements
integrated systems form of a green infrastructure network
www.greeninfrastructure.net/green_form www.greeninfrastructurewiki.com
30
what are your existing green infrastructure elements?
what is missing? what would make the system whole?
We need to think more broadly about what it takes to sustain a community……..expand our definition of sustainability to include physical and social environments as well as the natural environment. Heyward Watson, CEO Impact Capital
Ten Steps to LID Implementation
1. Determine your jurisdiction’s commitment to sustainable, green infrastructure and provide information to achieve understanding.
2. Evaluate management’s position on sustainable programs and infrastructure.
3. Incorporate LID features and alternatives in your capital improvement program
4. Involve your surface water engineers in LID system development, funding, and execution and support their decisions.
5. Involve transportation engineers and fire & safety officials in revisiting street width requirements to minimize pavement and integrate LID techniques into the right of way.
31
Ten Steps to LID Implementation
6. Evaluate the feasibility of potential LID solutions for use in your climate, topography and soil conditions.
7. Develop a criteria by which you can evaluate future projects for LID compatibility.
8. Set benchmarks (aesthetics, results) to demonstrate LID acceptance in your community
9. Train agency staff about LID system planning, design and maintenance.
10. Encourage transportation solutions that consider all users: pedestrians, transit riders, motorists, and bicyclists.
And add #11 from Dr. Ben Carson
Do a BWA Best Worst Analysis …
LID/Green Infrastructure for Better Communities
The kit-of-parts is proven (ok the researchers are getting data)
Public is engaged and demanding change
We have the tools to implement
We simply need to roll up our sleeves and begin the work. “We need to try” Dr. Ben Carson
LID/GREEN INFRASTURUCTURE/
32
Civil EngineeringLandscape Architecture
Environmental RestorationPlanning
Low Impact Development, Its Future and What it Means to Public WorksPeg Staeheli, ASLA, LEED® AP
2008 APWA International Public Works Congress and Exposition
www.svrdesign.com 206-223-0326
APWA is exploring how to effectively address the issues of sustainable communities.
– Give one of two examples of what your respective agencies are currently doing that can help inform others.
– Describe a challenge, how you over came it or why not?
Collaboration – an integrated approach, is vital to sustainable strategies. How does your City or department work with other departments or Cities?
APWA President Noel Thompson said “Our Spirit is strong and we are still building” How do you involve your coworkers and your citizens in moving toward sustainable practices?
Each of you have dealt with Low Impact Development Issues in areas of funding, permitting, transportation or maintenance. What question or advice would you want to ask each of other?
Specific to maintenance- I often hear that LID facilities are harder to maintain. What is your experience in this area?
General questions?
Low Impact Development, Its Future and What it Means to Public WorksPanel Questions: