lower limb 2 gluteal area

Gluteal Region Anatomy

By:Mohammed Faez

Muscles of the Gluteal Region

The muscles of the gluteal region are responsible for extension, abduction, lateral rotation and slight medial rotation of the hip joint.


Starting from superficial and going deep identify the following muscles:

• Gluteus maximus • Gluteus medius • Gluteus minimus • Piriformis • Superior gemellus • Obturator internus • Inferior gemellus • Obturator externus • Quadratus femoris


The tensor fascia latae is seen from the lateral side of the gluteal region

Arteries of the Gluteal Region

1. Superior gluteal 2. Inferior gluteal 3. Internal pudendal

• These arteries are branches of the internal iliac artery which lies inside the pelvis.

• There are three arteries coming into the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen.

Nerves of the Gluteal Region

• The nerves of the gluteal region are branches of the lumbosacral plexus:

1. Superior gluteal N2. Inferior gluteal N3. Sciatic N4. Posterior femoral

cutaneous N5. Pudendal N

Gluteal Region Muscles

Gluteus Maximus• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum• Insertion: iliotibial tract,

linea aspera• Action: extension of thigh at

hip and lateral rotation of thigh

• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve


Gluteus Medius• Origin: iliac crest• Insertion: Greater

trochanter• Action: Abduction and

medial rotation of thigh at the hip

• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve


Gluteus Minimus• Origin: Lateral surface of

ilium• Insertion: Greater

trochanter• Action: Abduction, medial

rotation at hip• Innervation: Superior

gluteal nerve


Tensor Fascia Latae• Origin: iliac crest• Insertion: iliotibial tract• Action: assists gluteus

maximus inextending the knee joint

• Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

The tensor fascia latae is seen from the lateral side of the gluteal region


Deep to gluteus maximus are a number of small rotator muscles of the hip, including:

• Piriformis• Gemelli muscles

(superior – inferior )• Obturator internus• Obturator externus• Quadratus femoris


Piriformis• Origin: Anterior surface

of sacrum• Insertion: greater

trochanter• Action: lateral rotation

of thigh (at hip joint); abduction of flexed thigh

• Innervation: Sacral nerve S1 and S2


Superior Gemellus• Origin: ischial spine• Insertion: greater

trochanter of femor• Action: lateral rotation

of femur• Innervation: Sacral

plexus


Inferior Gemellus• Origin: Ischial tuberosity• Insertion: Greater

trochanter of femur• Action: lateral rotation

of femur• Innervation: Sacral

plexus


Obturator Internus• Origin: internal aspect of

obturator foramen & obturator membrane

• Insertion: greater trochanter

• Action: lateral rotation of femur; abduction of thigh when hip is flexed

• Innervation: Sacral plexus


Obturator Externus• Origin: obturator foramen

& obturator membrane (external surface)

• Insertion: Greater trochanger of femur

• Action: lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); adduction of thigh (weak)

• Innervation: obturator nerve


Quadratus Femoris• Origin: ischial tuberosity• Insertion:

intertrochanteric crest of femur

• Action: lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); adduction of thigh (weak)

• Innervation:Sacral plexus

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nervesupply

Gluteus maximus Outer surface ofilium, sacrum,

coccyx,sacrotuberous

ligament

Iliotibial tract,gluteal tuberosity

of femur

Extends and laterally rotates

thigh at hip;through iliotibial

tractit extends knee

joint

Inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius Outer surface of ilium

Greater trochanter of

femur

Abducts thigh at hip; tilts pelviswhen walking

Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus minimus Outer surface of ilium


femur

Abducts thigh at hip; anterior

fibers medially rotatethigh


Tensor fasciae latae

Iliac crest Iliotibial tract Assists gluteus maximus in

extending the knee joint



Piriformis Anterior surface of sacrum


femur

Lateral rotator of thigh

Sacral nerve S1 and S2

Superior gemellus

Spine of ischium Greater trochanter of

femur


Sacral plexus

Obturator internus

Inner surface of obturator

membrane


femur


Sacral plexus

Inferior gemellus Ischial tuberosityGreater

trochanter of femur

Lateral rotator of thigh Sacral plexus


Obturator externus

Outer surface of obturator

membrane

Greater trochanger of

femur


Obturator nerve

Quadratus femoris

Ischial tuberosity intertrochanteric crest of femur


Sacral plexus

Read About

Sciatic Nerve Course

Sciatic Nerve

External Oblique

Tensor Fascia Latae

Gluteus Medius (Cut)

Gluteus Maximus (Cut)

Piriformis

Quadratus Femoris

Rectus Femoris

lower limb 2 gluteal area

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