A SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCEParts and Functions of the BrainPrepared by Karri Ann S. Tonel

OBJECTIVES SUBJECT MATTER PROCEDURE EVALUATION HOMEWORKAfter the discussion on the parts and functions of the brain, the students will be able to:A. Identify the parts

and functions of the brain,

B. Explain the importance of keeping our brain healthy, and

C. Perform exercises that stimulate the brain.

A. TOPIC: The Parts and

Functions of the Brain

B. REFERENCES: Principles of

Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora and Derrickson

Hole’s Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 10th ed. by Shier, Butler and Lewis.

mlspe.blogspot.com

www.brainhq.com

C. MATERIALS: PowerPoint

presentation Prepared Model

or Illustration of the Brain

Prepared Images Shoelaces of

different colors

D. VALUING: Acknowledge the

importance of our brains.

A. DAILY ROUTINE Prayer Rule Setting Take out textbooks if necessary Prepare notebook and pen for note-taking

B. DRILL/REVIEWOral Recitation: True or False The brain has two major parts. (FALSE, the brain has four

major parts or divisions namely the brain stem, diencephalon, cerebrum and cerebellum)

The brain is the biggest organ of the body. (FALSE, the skin is the largest organ of the body)

There are about 100billion neurons in the brain. (TRUE) We only use 10percent of our brains. (FALSE) You can survive with only half your brain. (TRUE)

C. NEW LESSON1. Motivation/Springboard ActivityStudents will be asked to perform several actions designed to test their coordination.a. Students will hold both hands up in front of them with

palms facing away. First open and close both hands continuously. Next spread the fingers of both hands out back and forth. Last combine the two as one hand opens and closes while the other hand spreads fingers back and forth

b. Students will point upwards and sideways alternately with their index finger. One hand will perform the action once, the other will perform it twice.

c. Gotcha (aka Flytrap)-An entire class game in which students from a circle, close enough where all students can touch both neighbors' hands. All students put their index finger out on their right hand (fly) while keeping

Board Work: Match the words with their meanings:1. Deep grooves

on the brain’s surface (FISSURES)

2. Ridges on the brain (GYRUS)

3. Shallow grooves on the brain’s surface (SULCI)

4. Layer of grey matter (CORTEX)

5. White matter in the Cerebellum (ARBOR VITAE)

6. Parallel ridges found on the cortex of the cerebellum (FOLIA)

7. Motor Speech Area of the brain (BROCA’s AREA)

8. Part of the brain that is responsible for Balance and Coordination (CEREBELLUM)

9. Part of the Brain

Agreement:Read on the Diencephalon and Brain Stem

Develop and practice ways of keeping the brain healthy.

Use our mental ability to help others in need.

their left hand open and flat (trap). On the READY signal from the teacher, each student places their right index finger in the hand of the neighbor to their right. When everyone is ready, teacher yells out GOTCHA! Students then attempt to remove their finger from the trap to their right while simultaneously trying to catch the finger/fly of the neighbor to their left.

d. Hold out a paper bill to the student and have him or her place a pointer finger and thumb a few inches away from the money, ready to grab it. Then drop the bill. The student won't be able to snatch the cash before it falls.

2. Presentation and Formulation of Questions1. Present the topics to be discussed namely:

i. Parts of the Brainii. Functions of the Brain

2. Encourage students to formulate questions about the discussion that begin with What, How and Why. For Example: What are the different parts of the brain? How much of our brain do we use at once? Why do we need to study the brain?

3. Discussion and Activities1. Introduction: What is the Brain?• Lecture:Brain is the third largest and major organ of human body. Its average weight in a normal human body is 1,263 grams. The brain controls the actions of all the body parts. There are about 100 billion cells in human brain which make about 100 trillion nerve connections with nerve cells for messaging.

2. Parts of the Brain Lecture:The brain has four major parts namely:

i. Cerebrumii. Cerebellum

iii. Diencephaloniv. Brain Stem

Each of these parts are divided into subparts. You can see

that is responsible for motor and sensory functions (CEREBRUM)

10. Sensory speech area of the brain (WERNICKE’S AREA)

these divisions based on the diagrams.

3. Parts of The Cerebrum Lecture:The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It includes the nerve centers that are associated with sensory and motor functions. It also provides higher mental functions such as memory and reasoning.

The cerebrum is the seat of intelligence and it provides us with the ability to read, write and speak. It allows us to make calculations, compose music, and to remember the past, plan for the future and imagine things that never existed before.

It has two large masses namely:i. Left Cerebral Hemisphere

ii. Right Cerebral Hemisphere

Important parts to note are:i. Corpus Callosum: deep bridge of nerve fibers that

connect the two hemispheres.ii. Gyri (Gyrus singular): ridges of the brain

iii. Sulcus: shallow grooves of the brainiv. Fissure: a deep groove of the brain

Certain fissures further separate the brain into different parts namely:

i. Longitudinal Fissure: separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

ii. Transverse Fissure: separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

The cerebrum is also divided into four lobes that are bordered by different sulci:

i. Frontal Lobe: the anterior portion of the brain and bordered by the central sulcus and the lateral sulcus.

ii. Parietal Lobe: Posterior to the frontal lobe and separated by the central sulcus.

iii. Temporal Lobe: lies below the parietal and frontal lobes and separated by the lateral sulcus.

iv. Occipital Lobe is the posterior portion of the cerebrum and separated by the tentorium cerebelli, an extension of the dura mater.

v. Insulah: located deep in the lateral sulcus and is covered by parts of the frontal parietal and temporal lobes and is separated by the circular sulcus.

A special part of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex (Grey Matter). This is the outermost portion of the cerebrum. The layers covers the gyri and dips into the sulci and fissures. Beneath this is a mass of myelinated axons known as White Matter.

4. Functions of the Cerebrum Activity:Students will be given symbols that represent functions (example, eye representing vision). They will stick the symbols on a diagram of the cerebrum to see if they know what area is responsible for what task.

Lecture:The cerebrum is responsible for sensory and motor functions of the brain.

i. Frontal Lobe Motor areas involved with the control of voluntary

muscles Concentration, Planning and Problem Solving Auditory Area

ii. Temporal Lobe Interpretation of Sensory Experiences Memory of Visual and Auditory Patterns

iii. Parietal Lobe Cutaneous and Other Senses Understanding speech using words

iv. Occipital Lobe Combining visual images, visual recognition of objects

v. Wernicke’s Area: Sensory Speech Areavi. Broca’s Area: Motor Speech Area

5. Parts of the Cerebellum

Lecture:The cerebellum is a large mass of tissue located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. It consists of two lateral hemispheres partially separated by a later of dura mater (falx cerebelli) and connected by a midline structure known as the vermis. It is composed of white matter and a thin layer of grey matter known as the cerebellar cortex.

The cerebellum accounts for 1/10 of the brain mass but contains nearly half the neurons of the brain. It is separated from the cerebrum by the transverse fissure and the tentorium cerebelli.

The cerebellum is in the shape of a butterfly when viewed inferiorly or superiorly. In the middle is the “body” the butterfly called the vermis (worm). Its hemispheres make up its “wings”. It has two hemispheres namely:

i. Left Cerebellar Hemisphereii. Right Cerebellar Hemisphere

Each hemisphere has both and Anterior and Posterior Lobe. It also has a Flocculonodular lobe on the inferior surface.

Other important parts to know are:i. Folia: Parallel ridges found on the cortex. (Leaves)

ii. Arbor Vitae: White matter that resemble the branches of a tree (Tree of Life).

There are also three cerebral peduncles that attach the cerebellum to the brain stem. These are:

i. Inferior Cerebellar Pedunclesii. Middle Cerebellar Peduncles

iii. Superior Cerebellar Peduncles

6. Functions of the Cerebellum Activity:Students will be paired together and given one shoelace per team. The pairs will stand side-by-side with one hand behind the other’s back. This leaves one free hand each. The students must then tie two knots on the shoelace together as

though they were one person.

Lecture:The cerebellum is able to compare intended movements with what is actually happening. It also regulates posture and balance.

i. Anterior and Posterior Lobe: subconscious aspects of skeletal muscle movements.

ii. Flocculonodular Lobe: equilibrium and balance.iii. Inferior Cerebellar peduncles: carry sensory

information from the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and from proprioceptors throughout the body into the cerebellum

iv. Middle Cerebellar Peduncles: carry commands for voluntary movements from the pontine nuclei into the cerebellum

v. Superior Cerebellar Peduncles: contain axons that extend from the cerebellum to the red nuclei of the midbrain and to several nuclei o the thalamus.

D. GENERALIZATIONAllow the students to answer the questions previously posted and to elaborate what they learned today.

E. SUMMARY1. The major parts of the brain are the brain stem,

cerebellum, diencephalon and the cerebrum.2. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.3. The cerebrum has two hemispheres which are divided

into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.4. The cerebrum is responsible for motor and sensory

functions of the brain.5. The cerebellum has two hemispheres and a central

vermis.6. The cerebellum is connected to the brain stem by three

pairs of peduncles.7. The cerebellum is responsible for the contractions of

skeletal muscles and maintains normal muscle tone, posture and balance.