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Birds 61tplITetrlescend onlltiaa~iddle-ScfiooIBy La RISA LYNCH cultural significance in Mongolian historj\

GontributingReporter Hendee's visit provided a ha~ds,ol1learning experil;lnce for ,.the •stude~~~,He' said reading-a text. book on '.the flightpattern of, migratory birds. wouldn1t alloWstudents to relate totheMongolianpr'oJect.Also, he explained, students see first-handhow the conservancy workssincethelJ.S.peregrlne falcon was an endangered specieslike Mongolia's SakarJalcons. Conservationefforts brought the per'egrine hack, he noted,.

"Itil? just another leveL of scienceeducation. to' gefthestudentsinvolved. <andthe live falcon always does it," 'said Hendee,of the International HeritageOonservanCy,an organization that works to preserve theart of falconrj\

"The kids were asking about researchingbirds of prey and what [they] can readand that kind of things -- that's what wewant," he said, adding that there is a lot'ofcarryover from this experience.

Hendee said more sfudentsare interestedin going to nature centers or notice birds ofprey, like the Gooper's hawk, nesting in bak ,Park. One student even broughfm a feafherto see what species it Came from.

"It's funny to think a couple of hawks cando that," he noted. But. that kind of activelearning is why, sixth-grade teacher SethBaker chose the proJect. He said the projectis interdisciplinary, one in which studentslearn ,biology, conservation and CUlturalimmersion. Sfudentsare even developing awebsiteto document their experience.

"It':sTralwqrld, "Baker sai~.''As a scienceteacher,', ••~alfi .al\V~ysthrille(i<.\¥h~1).'~i~!>,learn about what'siutheit babkyardarid .

Maeve Ryan was a little apprehensive inher sixth-grade science class last mOilfh.The ll-year-old had a three-pound Falconperched on her arm.

Ryan became 11nassistant, of sorts, whenfalconer Craig Hendee visited Percy JulianMiddle School, 416 S. Ridgeland Ave., to talkabout restoring birds of prey back to theirnatural habitat. '

He brought with him two birds of prey,a white gyrfalcon named Bo, and AlVin, abrownish gray peregrine falcon. Students inthe class each had a chance to handle the birds,which were accustomed to hurmm contact.

"1thoughtit would fall off:~"said Ryan who,along with many of her classmates, saw forthe first time a falcon up close. "It felt likewhen I walked, it would jerk. But I liked it."

Ryan and her classmates are participatingin an international conservancy project,called the Mongolian ArtifIcial NestingProject (MANP). The project aims to restoreSalmI' falcons back to the wild in Mongolia,a half a world away. MANP is the largestconservation initiative in the world.

Julian Middle School is among four other U.S.schools mvolved in the project, which partnersstudents with a school ill Mongolia.Twoschoolsin Walesare also involved in the project.

Through the project, students interactwith their international counterparts viavideo chats, sharing what they've learnedabout different birds of prey in tb.eirrespective countries and efforts to preservethem. Students also learn aboutfaleons~

DAVID PIERINI/Staff Photographer

SEEING EYE TO ,EYE: Tess Rutstein gets a look in the eyes of Bo, a Gyrfalcon, as+tis handle!;Cr.aigHendee, unhoods him in the sixth-grade science class of Seth Baker.

appreciate it.''We are allstudyingi:lle same conservation

effort, and it gives us a chance to start with.that and then grow from there learning moreabout general culture," Baker saidi noting thatthis istheschqol's fIrst year in the program.

MANP, started' six years ago with a 10year'grant funded by United Arab Emirates.Since its ,inception 1,200 baby Sll:kar falconswer\3 conceived tnmanmade nests formedfrom old oil barrels.

Ryan said she is glad fo be part ofa

project to restore an endangered species andmeeting people from Mongolia.

"I thought it was really awesome, because1 really like animals," added sixth-graderJulia Eisner, 11. She said she aspires to be afalconer someday.

Baker said he. set out to give students anappreciation and wonder of the natural world.

"Th\3re are certain curriculum thingsthat 1 am going to teach that theY will notremember, but an experience like this isgoingto be more indelible for them."

10 WednesdayJournaI,JuIy25,2012

THEWAIrIlE!l:ARK4,206,41)ICE,AGE: C-oNTINENTAL DRIFT ~ Daily: 12:10 PMICE AGE: CONTINENTAL DRIFT 3D II'l;j Daily, no 4,lO6:40- 8:50t!,E~ING SPIDER-MAN ~ Daily: 1:05 4:00 6:55 9:50~@DaiJy, 4,50 7,15 9,40

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. [l;J IM!<t 10,OOAMMoVie 'Series -Armiission $1.00

Oak Park's retread expertTony Munois Shoe Cfinic-

an Oak Park staplefor 30 yearsBYlA RISA LYNCH

Contributor

Antonio "Tony" Munoz's hands are roughand traces of black shoe polish stain his fill"gertips.

No doubt a testament to how long M~2Zhas been repairing, re-soling and polisJi.tiigshoes in his shop, located on the lower leyelof 115North Oak Park Blvd. Munoz !1as;up:-erated his namesake business, Tony's~~Glinie; for nearly two decades and worked1:l).e~eeven longer before eventually buyingthe business.

Over the years, he has seen competl!oJ;scome and go, possibly. making his shOPIfrTlast remaining shoe repair business iII}~.f.>villagf.>.At one POint, Munoz recaned5'1aK.Park having 13shoe repair shops" Nowitl&down to one...c.his.

LGngevityforMUlloz,anativeofM:~cO; '.' , .......•............~~~~:::do:=J::;~~~qOllSO~EMAN;T~nyMun~ofTQijy'sSh6e~irt,iGiTlOakP4rEfYorksQnallk¢i1Jn~'~l#~11Oak Pariiresident JerOmf.>ET~e caIl.~· basement store; BeTow aT!!rowsojcompretl!d orders ojrepqitedshoes. - -

test to that.He'sbee~a cust{'.merof To~s' .Shoe Cllriic for 31yelirg. 'the quall~ he said, boUght the pla~e. He basoWned the shoe re-far· exceedssOhIe. uPscaled6wrrtoWn. }li~ pair Shopforthe·last 21years.stoJ."~,like Br{'.{'.ks-l3roth¢l'S..•. .'.'. '. His <latlgJ1tet~i<lh",r~tlIetsaw t!J.ebItsi-

"The C1'afts~hiPinI~ into the shoes ness' pot!)iltiala,ndkneW It had. r~(jm to. ..'lllakesitllJill<IlIw.dnew," Rebses:ruiOfM'U" gro.w. . ••.. .....noz's handiwork.' "He made it what it is now;"k:ttenMunoz .... Ilideeu M\lRoZ,59, prides. hfiru;elf op.fJii,said.quality of his work, \\<lt1cb.incllldes m~d" F"'l'$Om$,1'o.IlYMUI1QZ'S~u.ccessasanen-ingpurses, fIXing canvas tf.>ntsand spnie tte,Preneurtyj;lifies.the .Anierican Dreall1'lightworkfo.rjf.>weiry; But he do.esn't quiteseeij:that way. HiS

"They like my work," said .the fatln,rof ds.nghter SllYSh~r father ofteI1:""QrkssevenfoUI: Munoz opf.>ratesthe shop witIJ.llis days a week, eveI1holidays and only getsdaughter, Karen, son, Jaime and their~ous- three vacation days out the year.

_in, Jose. . "AJ111edoes is vrork,"Karen Muno.zsaid.It'sthe pro.mptness in rep:airing sho.es.;ihd "1 imagine he wants to do something else

returning thelll within 24 ho.urs that ke",ps0ther than being inthe shop se",andflySa.customers coming back, explained Karen, week ~ even on Sundays wher-ehecomeswho often works the front counter wifuher in tocatchup on work. He's aworkca-hollc."dad. . • "It's a lot of work," added Tony Munoz,

"Custotnerslove him. He does good wOrk. who's at the shop from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. toHe hilS.b."en doing it ever since he came tQ provide the quick farnaround customersES.," she added. . have come toexpeet. .

GroWing up ill Mexico, Tony JYlunoz But for Munoz if s worth it. He wa.ntednever dreamed of. owning a Dusiness. But a better life for his family, more than whathe couldn't pass up an opportunity to buY. Mexico could provide. That's why he emi"the place where he worked for the last 35 grated from Jalisco, Mexico 36 years ago.years. When the previous owner, also named' He toiled 10years making shoes in a MexicoTony,became ill and unable to manage the factory since the age of 12.But with a groY(-business, Munoz took over.,EvelltuallY he ing family, Munoz knew life would be better

in America. He made his ";~y t'; the Chi~gOarea and landed ajob at the shop.

"I'm extremely proud of him, where hehas come from and what he has achieved,"Karen Munoz said of her dad. "Whatmakesthis shop a success is his dedication to it. Noone would dedicate this much time to abusi-ness."

• Afully-bakedfhristmas ARlENE;l!

Also serving Garfield Park

are drawing off my strength, but I am more sodrawing off theirs. I have to survive for them."

Givens' luck began to change. Shelandedajobat the end of October working in the corporateoffice for a hospital bed manufacturer. Shefound the job through job leads provided bystate Rep. LaShawn Ford's office. She said hisoffice has been good about supplying leads andresources for assistance.

"There's really no help out there right now tome, but I did see him trying,:' she said of Ford,who recently pleaded not guilty to fud~ral bankfraud charges.

With a job in hand, finding a place becamea priority. She was staying with relatives afew blocks away when she saw the house forrent. Givens said the landlord took a chanceon her when she called, and explained hercircumstances. The 1al1dlord, she said, thoughther family would be,a good fit for,the house.

"I work' for a good company now and weare in our own: home," she said. "~e jjlst!1eedsome

Byhad a their enM,thehouse to an early Christmas present, but thatwas surpassed by the excitement her childrenhad for having their own place.

"Jilst for them to be able to walk through thehouse, it just puts a smile on my face," she said."Their Whole reaction is like, 'Mommy you diditlHl

Givens' 14-year-old daughter can speak forher siblings when she says she is excited abouthaving a place to call her own. She already hasplans for her room. She wants to deck the wallsin Justin Bieber posters. (Austin Weekly iswithholding the children's name and schoolsto protect their privacy.). ,

"It's nice' to have our own house instead ofliving,with others," the 14-year-old said.

Her older 'brother has plans, too. The bigDwayne Wade fall can't wait to put a hoop upin the spacious backyard. But the 16-year-oldsaid being in a home for the holiday makesthis Christmas special. He looks forward to hismom's cooking and sitting at a table as familyenjoying diner.

"That is the best part," he said.To see how you can help, please call, Ms.

Givens at 708-990-1522.'

A homefor the

hQlidaysDeservi I'lgAustinfamily

seeks assistance tofurnish new-home after

overcoming. homelessness

HOMES. Finding$helter

!rompagel

with her - to southern Illinois to escapean abusive relationship fhatended in a baddivorce. She split her thne between publichousing and a relative's house, subsisting onunemployment benefits from her former jobwith the Chicago Housing Authority. ,

But GivensIeft Harrisburg because the smalltown had little in the way of job opportl.lnitiesother than the local Wal-Marl They movedback to Chicago in June with literally theclothes on their backs. Givenscouldn'ta.ffqrdto bring her belongings back'withher. , •

"I actually had to startaJlover...: Tilatiswhy we are in a place wher~ we have nothing/,Givens said. "We barely got clqtlling/'

Givens' Christmas Iistl$simple'Co0kware,bedding, kitchen table,window treatments'- practically everything, a new homeownerneeds to furnish a house.

"We've got four bedrooms with no beds inthem," Givens said, adding that the childrensleep on air mattresses. "I really want to seethem on some beds, because they are going toschool and they need to get proper rest."

While her situation may seem dire to some,Givens counts herself as blessed. When shemoved back to Chicago, first settling in Cicerothen Austin, she wondered how she was goingto make iLJob prospects sre had lined UP inChicago fell through. Jobless and dependent onothers for housing, Givens knows the situationhas been stressful for her children.

"There were seven of Us in this one room fortwo months, and we slept in a bunk bed. Therewere four of us at the bottom and three at fhetop," Givens said. "It was really hard seeingthem go through that, but they stayed smiling.", Through it all, GlvelJ.s said she drew herstrength from her children and ·God. She saidshe knows she made bad choices by being intwo abusive relationships, but she says she is"trying to correct things for my kids." Theydeserve better, she says.

"They are strong," she said. "Ithink they

By LA RISA LYNCHContributing Reporter

The heels of Natasha Givens' shoesclick and echo offthe hardwood floorsorihe .empty two-story, fi'ame houseshe. moved into·. in November. .Shelooks around at the bare walls and thecurtain'less windows· and imagineswhere she would put aChristinas tree,if she had one.

Givens, a single mother of six(two boys and four girls), Wantsthis Christmas to be special for herchildren, whosea.ges range from 16 to5. The'family has come a long way frombeing on the brink of homelessness -bouncing from one relative's house tothe next - to having its own place.

"I'm kind of looking forward toChristmas," said Givens, 35. "I just

, Want to make it nice. I want to be ableto cook diner for us, to eat together. ...So hopefully we have a kitchen table bythen."

A kitchen table only scratchesthe ,surfaces of what 'Givens needsto fully furnish her new home onNorth Lockwood Avenue. She and herfamily moved back to Chicago afterliving nearly three years in downstateHarrisburg.

Givens fled taking her children

•. Memories of a Freedom Rider PAGE5

STIR

"About a seven because Icarry aweapon. I'm a private investigator,so I carry a weapon, and I'm reallynot scared in the community. Igrewup in a rough neighborhood; I'mused to roughness, so that's it, and Iknow how to handle it:'See STREETBEAT, page 1

GARfiELD PARK- Americans across the.·COWltry last Sunday marked the 10thanniversary of the Sept 11, 2001attackswith candlelight vigils and memorial ;'services.

In Chicago's West Garfieldneighborhood, Aminastood at a church podion het loss. Het cousin,38, died when oncrashed into the soTrade Center in New York City.

Simjee, who Syed said had a passionfor mountain climbing, was among 41Muslim·Americans who perished thattragic day 10years ago.

"Osama Bin Laden and his ilk wantedto bring the financial world to itswhen it chose to attack the U10 years ago," said Syed who spoke at aSept 11commemoration event at New MtPilgrim Missionary Baptist Church, 4301W.Washington Blvd. The event was heldin conjunction with Elmhurst College.

"I'm sure they didn't care that theykilled Nasima end other Muslims, eventhough they profess to carry out theseattacks in the name of Islam," she said.

While Bin Laden aimed to fracturethe American spirit, Syed said he failedto realize Muslims would be part of the .rebuilding process. The country; she said,has become more unified regardless of.naysayers who pigeonhole Islam as a"terrible faith."

As the former head of the Councilof Islamic Organizations of GreaterChicago, Syed made it a mission toconvince people that "Muslims aren't

ONLINE ATAustinWeeklyNews.com

Challber ofCollllerceon the 1lJ;OPe.••

PEACE PARTNERSMuslim-Christian gathering

one workiilgto reaffirm "our unitedness asAmedcans." .

Rev. Marshall Hatch, pastor of New Mt.Pilgrim MissiQnary Baptist Church, agreed.

"One of the· things about America isdiversity of religion," said Hatch. "I thinkthat is part of America's gift to the world,tb,atreligion does not have to divide. Wecaneach have.our distinct faiths and still have acommo.n.bond for doing common good."

The chaotic scene and carnage of war iswhat Specialist Terrankia Johnson expect-ed to see when she signed up for early de-ployment to Iraq this summer.

Instead, the south side native saw Sub-way, Pizza Hut, and Burger King rise upfrom the desert sands of Baghdad.

"I didn't expect to see that," said Johnson,a soldier with the National Guard, who isin the early phase of a nine month deploy-ment to Iraq.

Johnson, out of curiosity, volunteered forearly deployment a month before her unitwas scheduled to leave. She ~as intriguedby news reports of U.S. troops coming un-der heavy fire from insurgents. She wantedto see first hand what it was like in a com-bat zone.

"I hear everybody's war stoties, and I waslike I want to see for myself how it reallyis," the 23-year-old Englewood residentsaid. "I expected us to be on guard all the

time like you see on TV [with] stuff blow-ing up and going off like crazy war type ofstuff.

"But it wasn't what I expected at all,"Johnson said from Iraq. "I always expectedthe worst, but I didn't even get close to thatso that is always a good thing."

9=howing down on a Whooper now andthenis a way for military personnel to havea little piece of home on the warfront. Sol-diers have a recreation hub where they canshoot hoops, watch movies or just hang·out to relieve the stress of being in a com-bat zone.

"It is like being at home, but away fromhome. I teally don't know how to explainit," said Johnson who is stationed at CampLiberty in the Green Zone outside ofBaghdad ..

While thousands of miles away fromfamily, technology makes the distanceshorter. Soldiers have unlimited Internetaccess and use Facebook and MySpace to

(Continued on page 2)

South side soldier offers glimpse o£1ife in Iraq ,(Continued from page 1)

connect with families. But thenew thing is Skype where soldierscan video call their families overthe Internet, a far cry from thesnail mail she rdied on to con-nect with her father, a 21-yearArmy veteran, currently servingin Mghanistan.

"Most of the time when he wasdeployed or gone on a mission,we would wait to get letters fromhim, and it would take forever,"she recalled. "It's a whole lot bet-<terto have all this technology."

Fun and games aside, Johnson, said, soldiers cannot become toocomplacent - after all it is still awar zone. Johnson is assigned to avertical construction unit thatbuilds roads, bridges, hospitalsand schools. The unit also makeslocations more inhabitable forthe troops stationed in the GreenZone.

But Johnson is charged with amore daunting task. She is re-sponsible for protecting 162 sol-diers in her unit from chemical,biological, radiological and nu-clear threats. She is also responsi-ble for stocking the unit's ammu-nition and keeping the line unitsresourced.

While Johnson has not comeunder fire for militants, she saidthe biggest enemy is the heat,which can reach well into thehundreds. "You walk out side andyou instantly start to sweat notdoing anything."

When asked about serving in awar that has divided many Amer-icans, Johnson said she under-stands the significance of whatthey are doing in Iraq. She be-lieves that the U.S. presence ismaking a difference.

"I know we are doing goodthings; positive things for thepeople over here," she 'said. "Iknow they appreciate it and thatmakes me appreciate it. Every-body is going to have certainopinions about different thingsthat is just the way life is. [But]that doesn'! make me feel badabout what I'm doing becausesomebody else thinks somethingdifferent."

Although Johnson's fatherserved in the Army, that played avery small role in her decision tojoin. Johnson joined because ofthe benefits including money forcollege.

"That's one of the main reasonswhy I Joined, especially growing

up in the inner city and not hav-ing too much to look forward toas faras financial aid and scholar-ships," said Johnson, who isstudying accounting at DeVryUniversity. "So I joined the mili-tary to pay for school." ,

Johnson has always been fasci-nated with the military. Even asan eighth grader, she wanted toattend a military high school, anidea that did not set well with hermom.

"My dad, was all for it, but mymom was like 'No you are not go-ing into the military like him.And now here I am," said John-son, who joined the Army aftergraduating from RomeovilleHigh School.

Johnson plans to make a careerin the military. She is already upfor a promotion to sergeant.

"I plan on staying in as long asGod keeps me here," Johnsonsaid.

But her advice to people back inthe states is not too worry toomuch.

"It is not as bad as what TVmakes it. Stay positive because weare trying to stay positive overhere."

by La Risa Lynch

J',uniu~ G,aten might not be a h,istorian,, but hVlng more than a century quah-

ties !lim as one.And in his 102 years of living, he has

seen two World Wars, lived through theGreat Depression, AI Capone's prohibitionera. the Race Riots of 1919, and the rise'and fall of the Bronzeville community,

Bronzeville, the Black Metropolis, 'was abeacon of prosperity Jor thousands ofmigrating Blacks fleeing the segregatedSouth, Chicago's Black population of ,44,000 in 1910 increased to nearly 250,000by 1930. By the end of World War II, wheilBronzeville was in its prime, it was team-ing with Black businesses from haberdash-eries, luncheonettes, churches, medicalpractices, to funeral parlors, and socialclubs along 47th, 43rd, and 51st Streets,

Although Bronzeville is a shell of its for-mer self today, redevelopment efforts areunderway to bring back the community'sluster,

Bronzeville's Beginnings"A lot of Whites and Negroes don't know

about Bronzeville, They think the commu-nity has always been here, but 'Bronzevillestarted by accident," said Gaten, who has'lived in the Bronzeville area most of hislife, Gaten came'to Chicago in 1905 whenhe was five years old, Gaten, who turns102 on February 28, was born inSmithdale, MS.

Several Black businessmen conceptual-ized Bronzeville on a park bench inWashington Park, recalled Gaten, He saidBlacks wanted to have their own business-es and control their own economic prosper-ity since Whites did not allow Blacks toown busineSSes,

"Whites did not allow "legroes to go tothe show," Gaten said,"We weren'tallowed to go to the theater like TheMetropolitan on 47th Street. They closedall the shows such as the Indiana and theVirginia,on 43rd Street. They didn't wantany Negroes in there, This is where it start-ed,"

Creating a Black economic basewas unprecedented during thosetimes, Gaten noted, "Peoplethought you were crazy when youstarted asking for your own, Evensuccessful Negroes said you were rockingthe boat."

But Bronzeville was the brainchild ofseveral men, including the Beasley broth-ers, Jesse Binga of Binga Bank, andAnthony Overton, of Overton HygienicCompany, among others, Gaten added, Oneof the Beasley brothers operated severalbarbershops, and the other owned a pedi-atric practice,

Gaten theorized that Bronzeville took itsname from a beauty product sold byOverton's Hygienic Company, called HighBronze Face Powder.

"The High Bronze Face p'owder madeWhite people look bronze and real lightBlack women look bronze too," he said.

. "T~Jat is how the name came about."However" Gaten noted that Bronzeville

19th and State, where he took ajob deliv-ering ice in· a horse and buggy along GrandBoulevard. Many in the meat-packingindustry moguls, such as Armour, ownedhomes on Grand Boule~ard.

But the race riots of 1919 slowly beganto change the racial lines of Grand'Boulevard. Riots erupted for three daysafter a Black boy swam into a Whites-only'section at the 31st Street beach. Gaten saidthe boy drowned after several Whitesthrew rocks at him.

After the riot, Blacks began moving far-ther south near 35th Street, but that wasmet with retaliation also, He said Whitesbombed several churches and homesowned by Blacks, In 1924, Whites bombedBethel AME Church, which was located at42nd and King Drive. Whites also bombedBinga's home when he moved to 3712 S.Grand Boulevard. Binga moved into anoth-er home at 59th Street and South Park(King Drive), which Whites also bombed.

When Blacks started organizing,Bronzeville came into its own, Gaten said.A. Philip Randolph's efforts to unionizethe Pullman Porters spurred Blacks tobecome more politically active,

Even before the civil rigbtsmovement,Gaten organized several protests to getBlacks constnlctiOlf jobs when Ida B. Wellshomes and the Regal Theater were builtGaten also marched to integrate the all-White streetcar drivers,

"You have to fight in order to get any-thing .. You got to fight. You still got tofight because (Blacks) ain't nowhere yet,"said Gaten, whose father was one of 14children born into slavery.

Bronzeville's DemiseIn the '70s, Bronzeville began to lose its

luster. The decline came with the closure offactories, mills, railroad yards and theChicago Stockyards, which closed in 1971.

"There were quite a few Blacks workingat the stockyards. When it closed, it carriedNegroes' jobs with it," Gaten said.

Successful Blacks who reaped the bene-fits of desegregation saw a better life'in thesuburbs, even though they were no more

M - f-' B -II ~:~~~e~ee~::~~ ~t::~~~reITlOrleS0, ronzeVl e h~:S~:~~:~~:d~::~:e:rimereal estate for the city to develop

Lake Meadows, the Illinois Institute ofTechnology, and the Robert Taylor Homes,which was built "to keep Negroes out of,Bridgeport," Gaten added.. Although recent developments include

new homes, shopping centers, and a theaterand blues district, Gaten said the newBronzeville is not being developed forBlacks. He said developers madeBronzeville a cliche to attract Whites backinto the city. He said many of the develop-ments are priced to exclude Blacks fromthe area.

"When (Whites) come back, there will benothing left of Bronzeville , .. They won'tcall it Bronzeville, and the few Negroeshere still, won't know anything aboutBronzeville," Gaten said.

likely got its name from the color of suc-cessful Black business owners living in thecommunity.

Mom-and-pop shops drove Bronzeville,Gaten said. "A lot of Negroes went intosmall businesses, We could not do as muchas the White folks, but we did not have togo to them .. , they were coming to us."

Bronzeville was known for its tailorshops, such as Star and Monarch tailors,restaurants, and nightlife, where entertain-ers such as Duke Ellington and Fats Wallerperfonned at the Regal Theater or at ClubDeLisa, On ~5th and State.

Gaten said the Delisa Brothers who wereItalian immigrants, opened the club, butWhites firebombed it because they weresuccessful. "There was prejudice amongother ethnic groups too," Gaten said. "But

they used the insurance money to build anew club on the east side of the street at5501 S. State. I believe Colonel Sandershas a chicken shack there."

Grand Boulevard Integrated'By the end of World War II, Bronzeville

was a thriving community, but its birthbegan slowly, Gaten said.

A color line separated migrating southemBlacks who came to the north for jobs.They settled in an area called the "BlackBelt," which ran from 31st to 55th Streetson Federal, Dearborn, and State. Blackstook jobs that European immigrants did notwant in the stockyards, mills, factories, andrailroad yards.

When Gaten arrived in Chicago, GrandBoulevard (now known as King Drive),was White. Gaten and his family li'{ed on