lspp geometry
DESCRIPTION
LSPPTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to LS-PrePost Geometry Quanqing Yan, Philip Ho, LSTC March, 2013
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Geometry Terms
LS-PrePost 3.x/4.x uses a new geometry engine
• Open CASCADE Technology (http://www.opencascade.org)
Terminology
• Vertex: a point in 3D space
• Edge: a curve bounded by two vertices
• Closed Edge: an edge with only one vertex
• Wire: a curve constructed from multiple edges
• Face: a surface bounded by one or more wires
• Infinite face: a face with no bounding wires
• Shell: one or more faces with shared edges
• Solid: one or more shells with no open faces
• Compound Solid: one or more combined solids
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Geometry General Selection
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Pick Select a single entity
Area Select using a rectangular window
ID Manually key-in entity IDs
In Select entities inside Area/Poly
Out Select entities outside Area/Poly
Add Add entities to a selection set
Rm Remove entities to a selection set
Clear Clear selection
Save Save selection to buffer
Load Load selection from buffer
Deselect Undo last selection
Whole Select all entities in model
Visible Select all visible entities
Reverse Reverse selection
Filters are provided because geometry objects often overlap (ex:
Edges and Wires). Data types can be turned on/off using the
filters so that the desired selection can be made
©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
Clear all filters, Select all filters
Reference Axis, Vertex
Reference plane, Edge
Reference point, Wire
Reference coord, face
Fem node, Shell/Solid
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Reference Geometry Toolbar Reference geometry is used to define
the form and/or shape of other geometry entities, it consists of
Reference points
Reference axes
Reference planes
Reference coordinate systems
GemEdit is an interface use to edit the reference geometry entities
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Ref. Geometry → Axis Purpose: create a reference axis using one of the
following methods... Parameters – create axis with a point and a direction
Line – create axis with a line or an edge
Planes Intersect – create axis from the intersection of two planes
Axis of Revol – create axis from the axis of a cylinder, cone, or revolute object
Tangent Cur – create axis that is tangent to a curve at a point on a curve
Point to Plane – create axis that passes through a point and is normal to a plane
Nor to Surf – create axis that passes through a point on a surface and is normal to the surface
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Ref. Geometry → Plane Purpose: create a reference plane using one of the
following methods... Parameters – create plane with a point and a normal
Through Line/Point – create plane through a point and normal to the selected line
Parallel with Point/Plane – create plane through a point parallel to a plane or face
Rotate plane – Create a plane by rotating a selected plane with a selected axis
Offset Plane – create plane by offsetting another plane
Normal to Curve – create plane through a point and perpendicular to an edge or a curve
Tangent with Surface – create plane that is tangent to a non-planar surface
3 Points – create plane containing 3 points
2 Points – create a plane normal to the direction by 2 points
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Ref. Geometry → Coordinate System Purpose: create a reference coordinate system using
one of the following methods... Parameters – create coordinate system by defining a origin point,
a Z direction, and an X direction
Origin/Direction – create coordinate System by picking an origin point, an axis as Z-direction, and an axis as X-direction
In Cur/Surf - Create a coordinate system by select an point on the selected curve or the selected surface
3 Points – create a coordinate system by 3 points, can choose type as XOY, YOZ, or ZOX
Sample Cur – Create a series of coordinate systems on the selected surface
Principal Axes – create a principal axes coordinate system by the selected entities
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Ref. Geometry → Point Purpose: create a reference point using one of the
following methods... Parameters – Create a point by coordinates
Cir/Sph/Con – Create point using center of circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, sphere, torus, or apex. of cone.
Barycenter – create a reference point at the gravity center or parameter center of the selected shape
Cur/Cur Inter – create reference points at the intersection of the two selected curves or ref-axes. You can select edge or reference axis
Cur/Surf Inter – create reference points at the intersection of the two selected curve and surface. You can select edge, reference axis, face and reference plane
To Cur/Surf – create reference points by picking position on edge or face
3 Points Arc – create reference point which locates at the center of the arc
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Ref. Geometry → Point Purpose: create a reference point using one of the
following methods Sample Cur – Sample points from curves
Sample Surf – Sample point from surface, sampling methods:
• Uniform method
• Curvature method
• Control points method
Point Avg – create point at the geometry center of the selected points
Middle Point – create a ref. point between two selected points
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Geometry → Curve Toolbar Curve Toolbar consists of interfaces to create
and manipulate point and curves entities
Point – a vertex
Line, Circle, Circular Arc, Ellipse, Elliptical Arc, Bspline Curves, Helis/Spiral, Wire (composite curve) – Many different methods are available to create these entities
Middle Curve, Fillet Curve, Parabola, Hyperbola, Function, Polygon, Sketch – are different ways to create curves
Break, Merge, Bridge, Smooth, Convert – are different ways to manipulate curves
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Curve → Point Purpose: create a point using one of the following
methods... Parameters – create point by entering X, Y, Z coordinates (or
click a position on a plane when “Sketch on Plane” is checked)
Project to Curve – create point by projecting a point onto a curve
Project to Surface – create point by projecting a point onto a surface
Edit Curve End – Edit curve's end by selecting vertex and freely dragging. The curve must be from independent edge or edge from independent wire
Edit Ctrl-Pnt – Edit b-spline curve or b-spline surface by modify their control points. You can modify the curve or surface by dragging, adding or removing control points.
Batch Input – Input a series of x,y,z coordinates into the text widget
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Curve → Line Purpose: create a line using one of the following
methods... Parameters – create line by entering X, Y, Z coordinates of 2
end points
Point/Point – create line segments by picking points. If more than 2 points are selected and “Closed” is active, a closed loop will be created.
Point/Axis – create line by picking a point and defining a “Length” along an axis. A negative length will reverse the direction.
Point/Circle – Create two lines which pass the point and tangent with the circle. The selected point must locate at the plane of the circle.
Circle/Circle – Create lines which tangent with two circles. If two circles intersect with each other, it will also create the intersecting line. The selected two circles must locate at the same plane.
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Curve → Line Purpose: create a line using one of the following
methods... Middle Line – Create lines which pass through the intersection
of two selected lines and have the same angle with two selected lines.
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Curve → Circle Purpose: create a circle using one of the following
methods... Parameters – create circle by entering a center point, a normal
direction, and a radius
Point/Axis – create circle by selecting a center point and a normal axis
Coordinate – create circle by selecting a coordinate system
3 points – create circle by selecting 3 points
Tan Line/Circle – create circles tangent with the selected line and circle, it also need to define radius.
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Curve → Circular Arc Purpose: create a circular arc using one of the following
methods... Parameters – create circular arc by entering a center point, a
normal direction, a start direction, a radius, and start and end angles
Point/Axis – create circular arc by selecting a center point and a normal axis
Coordinate – create circular arc by selecting a coordinate system
3 point – create circular arc by selecting 3 points
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Curve → Ellipse Purpose: create an ellipse using one of the following
methods... Parameters – create ellipse by entering a center point, a
normal direction, a start direction, and major and minor radii
Point/Axis – create ellipse by selection a center point and a normal axis
Coordinate – create ellipse by selecting a coordinate system
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Curve → Elliptical Arc Purpose: create an elliptical arc using one of the
following methods... Parameters – create elliptical arc by entering a center point, a
normal direction, a start direction, major and minor radii, and start and end angles
Point/Axis – create elliptical arc by selecting a center point and a normal axis
Coordinate – create elliptical arc by selecting a coordinate system
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Curve → BSpline Purpose: create a b-spline using one of the following
methods... Interpolation Points – create b-spline by interpolating selected
points. If more than 2 points are selected and “Closed” is active, a closed loop will be created.
Curve on Surface – create b-spline by interpolating selected points on a surface
Sketch on Mesh – create b-spline by interpolating selected nodes
Curve from Mesh – create b-spline by selecting nodes
Shell Intersection – create b-spline at the intersection of 2 FE shell parts
Snap Edge End – snap the end points of unconnected b-splines together
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Curve → Helix Purpose: create a helix using one of the following
methods... Distance and Loop – create helix by entering distance between
loops and number of loops. A circle or arc must also be selected.
Height and Loop – create helix by entering total height and number of loops
Height and Distance – create helix by entering total height and distance between loops
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Curve → Wire (Composite Curve) Purpose: create a wire using one of the following
methods... Edge list – create wire by connecting edges together
Bounds of shell – create wire by using the boundary of a shell
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Curve → Break Purpose: break a curve into multiple sub curves using
one of the following methods... Auto Break – split curve automatically by defining a feature
angle
Manual Break – split curve by picking positions on the curve
Batch Break – split multiple curves on faces by defining a feature angle
Parameter -
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Curve → Merge Single - To merger several neighbor curves into a
single curve, select the curves. In fact, it's not necessary to select curves in order
Multiple - Merge curves into several bspline curves according to gap tolerance. If the merged curves are not smooth, check "Refitting" to refit the merged curves.
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Curve → Bridge Purpose: bridge curves together according to the
module length of the tangent directions
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Curve → Smooth Purpose: smooth a noisy curve by entering an
appropriate tolerance. A new curve can be created if “Copy” is active.
If selected multi-curves can be merged into one edge, you can check "Group Smooth" to smooth the merged curve. To smooth curve to piecewise b-spline curve, check "Polygon Smooth".
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Curve → MidCurve Purpose: create a new curve between 2 existing curves.
The location of the new curves can be defined as a percentage from the first curve. A mid point can also be created using this interface.
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Curve → Morphing Purpose: to morph a curve to new position, 4 methods
are provided:
Segment - Define a segment by selecting two points on the curve and morph this segment by picking one point.
Control point - Select a curve , the control point of this curve will show, pick the control point to morph the curve.
Curve point - Select a curve, the curve points will show, pick the curve point to morph the curve
Global - Select a curve and smooth it by adjusting smoothness factor
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Curve → Fillet Purpose: to create fillet curves among several curves
using Fillet Curve
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Curve → Parabola Purpose: to create parabola by several construction
types
Parameters - Create parabola by center, normal, start direction, focal, start and end parameters
Point/Axis - Create parabola by selecting a point, an axis and define the start and end parameters
Coordinate System - Create parabola by selecting a point, an axis and define the start and end parameters
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Curve → Hyperbola Purpose: to create hyperbola by several construction
types
Parameters - Create hyperbola by center, normal, start direction, major and minor radius, start and end parameters
Coordinate System - Create hyperbola by selecting a coordinate system, and define the major and minor radius, start and end parameters
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Geometry – Surface Toolbar Surface toolbar consists of interfaces to create
and manipulate surface entities Plane, Cylinder, Cone, Sphere, Torus, Ellipsoid – many different
methods are available in each of the interface to create these basic surface entities
Fill Plane, Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Loft, N-side Surface, Patch Surface, Bridge, Combine, Morph Surface, – are different way to create surfaces
Fit Surface – to fit (approximately) a surface over a set of nodes, or mesh (elements), or curves
Mid-Surface – to create the mid surface from a Solid object
Morph surface – to morph an existing surface into a new surface by moving surface points, or control points, or profile curves
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Surface → Plane Purpose: create a planar surface using one of the
following methods... Parameter – Create a plane by parameters. The parameters
contain a local coordinate system, start and end X, Y coordinates on the local coordinate system. Default, the coordinate system is set as the standard global coordinate system. You can also sketch a rectangle plane onto any plane when "Sketch on Plane" is checked
3 points – 3 points to define a plane
Fit Plane – create plane by fitting through selected points
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Surface → Plane Purpose: create a planar surface using one of the
following methods... Point/Normal – Create a plane by a point and a normal
Parrallelogram - Create a parallelogram plane by two connected curves.
IsoTrapezoid - Create a isotrapezoid plane by two connnect curves
RegPolygon - Create a regular polygon's plane by side number and side length.
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Surface → Cylinder Purpose: create a cylindrical surface using one of the
following methods... Parameter – create cylinder by selecting a coordinate system,
entering a radius, and entering start and end angles
Bottom/Top Center – create cylinder by selecting points at the bottom center and top center
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Surface → Cone Purpose: create a conical surface using one of the
following methods... Parameter – create cone by selecting a coordinate system,
entering a semi angle of apex, entering a bottom radius, entering start and end angles, and entering the bottom and top height (from the origin of the coordinate system)
Bottom/Top Center – create cone by selecting points at the bottom center and top center
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Surface → Sphere Purpose: create a spherical surface using one of the
following methods... Parameter – create sphere by selecting a coordinate system
and entering the radius, the start and end U angles, and the start and end V angles
Center Point – create sphere by selecting a center point and a point on the sphere (or by entering a radius)
Tetrahedron - Select four points to create circumscribed or inscribed sphere
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Surface → Torus Purpose: create a toroidal surface by selecting a local
coordinate system (default is global) and entering the following parameters...
Path radius
Profile radius
U start and end angles
V start and end angles
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Surface → Fill Plane Purpose: create a surface by connecting edges or points
to fill a plane... By Edges – edges will be used for the boundary of the surface
By Points – straight lines will be created between points
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Surface → Extrude Purpose: create a surface by extruding an edge or a
wire using the following steps... Pick edge/wire as the profile
Pick another edge or axis as the direction
Enter start and end distances
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Surface → Revolve Purpose: create a surface by revolving an edge or a wire
using the following steps... Pick edge/wire as the profile
Pick an axis of revolution
Enter start and end angles
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Surface → Sweep Purpose: create a surface by sweeping an edge or a
wire using the following steps... Pick edge/wire as the profile
Pick a curve that defines the sweep path
To create a sweep surface, select a edge or wire as path curve. You can check "End Constraint" to make profile curve connected with path curve on one end. If the path curve is noisy, you can also check "Smooth Path" to make the path smooth. To set surface continuity, check "Set Continuity
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Surface → Loft Purpose: create a lofted surface. A loft is a face or
shell passing through a set of sections in a given sequence. Usually, sections are edges or wires, but the first and the last sections may be vertices (punctual sections).
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Surface → N-Side Purpose: create a surface from a set of (N) bounding
edges. Constraints can be applied as follows... Continuity 0 – the surface must pass by 3D representation of
the edge
Continuity 1 – the surface must pass by 3D representation of the edge, and it must respect tangency with the first face of the edge
Uniform Fit – the surface has to pass by 3D representation of
the edge. It's created by fitting a uniform base-surface, and
use raw edges to trim base-surface
Auto Close – automatically connect each neighboring edge
Smooth Curve – smooth boundary curves
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Surface → Patch Surface Purpose: create a surface from a region bounded by
contiguous b-spline curves. The algorithm accepts 2, 3, or 4 bounding curves. A range of filling styles (flat, middle, round, constrained) are available.
Constrained will use fit method to get a proper surface
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Surface → Bridge Purpose: create a surface by bridging faces using the
following steps... Select an edge from one face
Select an edge from another face
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Surface → Combine Purpose: create a surface by combining neighboring
faces or shells using the following steps... Select faces or shells
Define number of U, V control points
Define degrees, max tolerance, and smoothness
Select final surface type (Natural or Trimmed)
Activate "Replace Raw Faces" to remove original faces
Activate "Preview" to preview result
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Surface → Fit Surface Purpose: create a fitted surface based on an FE mesh,
nodes, or curves
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Surface → Mid Surface Purpose: create a mid surface from a solid or from top
and bottom surfaces By Surfaces – manually create a mid surface from two surfaces
By Solid – automatically create all mid surfaces from a solid object (with limitations)
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Geometry – Solid Toolbar Solid toolbar consists of interfaces to create
and manipulate solid entities
Box, Cylinder, Cone, Sphere, Torus - many different methods are available in each of the interface to create these basic solid entities
Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Loft, Fillet, Chamfer, Draft, Thicken, Wedge, Boolean, Prism – are different way to create solid objects with tools
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Solid → Box Purpose: create a solid box using one of the following
methods... Parameters – create box by selecting a coordinate system
(default is global) and entering min and max X, Y, Z coordinates
2 Points – create box by selecting 2 points located at opposing corners
Boundbox – create a box originally from a bounding box of selected items. Four options are "By Shapes", "By FEM", "By Assembly", "Whole Model".
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 49 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Cylinder Purpose: create a solid cylinder using one of the
following methods... Parameters – create cylinder by selecting a coordinate system
(default is global) and entering a radius, height, and angle
Bottom/Top Center – create cylinder by selecting points at the bottom center and top center
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 50 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Cone Purpose: create a solid cone using one of the following
methods... Parameters – create cone by selecting a coordinate system
(default is global) and entering bottom and top radii, height, and angle
Bottom/Top center – create cone by selecting points at the bottom center and top center
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 51 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Sphere Purpose: create a solid sphere using one of the
following methods... Parameters – create sphere by selecting a coordinate system
(default is global) and entering a radius, U start and end angles, and V start and end angles
Center Point – create sphere by selecting a center point and a point on the sphere (or by entering a radius)
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 52 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Torus Purpose: create a solid torus by selecting a local
coordinate system (default is global) and entering the following parameters...
Path radius
Profile radius
U start and end angles
V start and end angles
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 53 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Extrude Purpose: create a solid object by extruding surfaces in a
specified direction. The direction can be a reference axis, a line, or an edge.
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 54 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Revolve Purpose: create a solid object by revolving a group of
faces about an axis
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 55 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Sweep Purpose: create a solid object by sweeping a surface
along a curve User can check "End Constraint" to make profile connected with
path curve on one vertex. If the path curve is noisy, one can also check "Smooth Path" to make the path smooth.
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 56 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Loft Purpose: create a solid object by lofting through a set
of closed sections in a given sequence. Usually, sections are edges, wires, or faces, but the first and the last sections may be vertices (punctual sections).
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 57 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Fillet Purpose: creates rounded internal or external faces on
shell or solid shapes. Fillets can be applied to all edges of a face, selected sets of faces, selected edges, or edge loops. “Equal Radius” or “Various Radius” can be used. If “Whole Shape” is active, the entire solid will be filleted.
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 58 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Chamfer Purpose: create beveled edges using one of the
following methods... Angle-Distance – create chamfer by defining distance and an
angle
Distance-Distance – create chamfer by defining a pair of distances
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 59 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Draft Purpose: create tapered faces using a specified angle.
One application is to make a molded part easier to remove from a mold. A draft can be inserted in an existing part, or a draft can be applied while extruding a feature. Drafts can be applied to solid or surface objects.
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 60 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Thicken Purpose: create a solid object by thickening one or
more adjacent shell or solid surfaces using the following steps...
Select a solid object
Select faces that will be removed for thickening
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Solid → Wedge Purpose: create a solid wedge by selecting a local
coordinate system (default is global) and entering the following parameters...
Length
Width
Height
Min and Max coordinates
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Solid → Prism Purpose: create a solid prism or pyramid by defining no.
of sides, side length, and the height Prism – same section on both ends
Pyramid – one end is a single point
Draft – one end is bigger or smaller
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 63 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Solid → Boolean Purpose: combine, subtract, or find the common space
occupied by two solid objects
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Geometry – GeoTool Toolbar GeoTool toolbar consists of interfaces of
necessary tools that repair, manipulate, and manage the geometry entities
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GeoTool → Delete Entities Purpose: to delete geometry entities including
reference geometry Any mode – delete any geometry object
Face mode - can perform delete and repair or delete and fill
To clear specified types of entities, check specified filters and
click "Clear".
Remove Blank - To delete all blank shapes
Repair Mode – to replace a complex edge from face with a simple edge
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 66 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Blank Entity Purpose: to blank any geometry entity Checking the filters, a specific type of geometry entity can be
blanked or unblanked
Blank Independent – when this option is checked, the independent shape will be blanked, such as selecting a face from a solid, the solid will be blanked
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 67 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Extend Curve Purpose: to extend a curve by selecting Distance – extend curve by a distance
Up to face – extend curve to a face
Up to edge – extend curve to an edge
Up to Vertex – extend curve to a vertex
Extension Type:
Linear – extend curve tangent to the original curve
Same Curve – extend curve using existing curvature
Extend on surface – extend curve on the face (if the curve is located on a face)
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 68 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Extend Surface Purpose: to extend a surface by selecting en edge on a
face or a face Stop Condition:
Distance – extend surface by a distance
Up to Face – extend surface to a face
Up to Vertex – extend surface to a vertex
Extension Type:
Linear – extend surface tangent to the original face
Same Surface – extend surface using existing curvature
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 69 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Intersection Purpose: to create entities at the intersection of two
geometry data sets using one of the following methods...
Standard – create intersections of data in set 1 with set 2
Mutual – create intersections within a single set of data
Note: a vertex will be created when a curve intersects another curve or a surface. A curve will be created when a surface intersect another surface.
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 70 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Offset Purpose: to create geometry offsets using one of the
following methods... Face/Shell – select a face or shell, enter an offset distance, and
activate the “Round Corner” option
Plane Edge/Wire – select planar edge/wire and enter an offset distance. The resulting edge/wire will be in the same plane.
Edge on Face – select edges from a face and enter an offset distance. The resulting edge will locate on the same surface.
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 71 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Project Purpose: to project vertices, edges, and wires onto a
face or shell Normal Projection – first select a destination face/shell. Then
select a vertex/edge/wire. Finally, select a line or an axis as the projection direction. If a direction is omitted, LS-PrePost will test to see if the destination object is planar. If yes, the normal of the destination object will be used. If no, LS-PrePost will test to see if the source object is planar.
Conical Projection – Select the conical vertex as the view point
Closest Projection – project with minimum distance
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 72 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Replace Face Purpose: to replace a face using the following steps... Create a new surface using N-Side surface
Select surfaces to be replaced with the new surface
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GeoTool → Stitch Purpose: to stitch independent faces into a shell Try to Make Solid – convert the shell to a solid if it forms an
enclosed volume
All Faces – select all faces from the current model
Dis Tol – set distance tolerance to control the stitching
Non-manifold Mode – stitch faces that come together in a T-configuration
Group by Part – stitch faces that belong to the same part
Decompose – will unstitch the object into independent faces
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 74 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Trim Purpose: to use edges or faces to trim other edges or
faces, or solid Standard – define a trim tool and select entities to be trimmed.
Activate “Raw Trim Tool” to extend the tool if it does not reach the entities to be trimmed
Mutual – Trims faces or edges with each other in the listbox
Split face – split a face by picking 2 face edge points
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 75 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Trim Purpose: to use edges or faces to trim other edges or
faces, or solid
Cut solid – Cut a solid shape by a ref-plane or any face. If the
selected face is not totally cross the solid, you can check "Raw
Trim Tool" to extend the trim tool face
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 76 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Trim Purpose: to use edges or faces to trim other edges or
faces, or solid Cut Model – select a cutting plane to cut whole model
Multi Trim – select multiple trim tools to trim an edge, a wire or a face
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 77 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Transform Purpose: to perform standard 3D transformations Translate – translate geometry objects in a specified direction
Rotate – rotate geometry objects about an axis
Scale – scale geometry objects about a reference point
Mirror – reflect geometry objects about a reference point/axis/plane
Transform – transform geometry objects from one coordinate system to another
Copy – create new geometry entities while performing transformations
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GeoTool → Reverse Purpose: to reverse the direction of the entity For edge/wire – it is the direction of the curve
For face – it is the direction of the normal
Reverse Arrow Color – will toggle the color of the arrow in Green and Cyan
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 79 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Copy Purpose: to move or copy geometry entities from one
assembly to another assembly To Current Assembly – new geometry entities will be created in
the current assembly
To New Assembly – new geometry entities will be created in a new assembly
To Specify Assembly – new geometry entities will be create in a specified assembly
Move to Specify Assembly – geometry entities will be moved from one assembly to another
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 80 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Manage Purpose: to manage geometric entities (un)Blank – blank or unblank independent entities
Delete – delete independent entities (you can't delete a face from a shell or an edge from an face)
(un)BlkAll – blank or unblank the whole model
Export – export entities in IGES or STEP format
SplitShell – split all shells and solids into independent faces
Glo/Loc – Glo lists only independent objects, Loc lists all
To 2.x – convert points/curves/surfaces to version 2.4 data structure
Undo – undo last (un)Blank or Delete operation
ClearModel – remove all geometry objects and reference geometry from current model
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 81 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Heal → Face Purpose: to fix problems related to faces Duplicate – find duplicate or overlap faces and remove them
when Apply is clicked
Small face – find faces that their size is smaller than the specified threshold
Narrow face – find long and narrow faces according to the specified aspect ratio and size
Analysis – click this button the perform checking
Apply will removed the found faces
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 82 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Heal → Edge Purpose: to fix problems related to edges Toggle – stitch neighboring faces by selecting a seed edge
Untoggle – unstitch neighboring faces
Replace – replace a raw edge with another edge
Small Edges – find small edges
Break – break an edge into several edges according to the angle threshold
Duplicate – find and remove duplicate or overlay edges
Suppress – tag an edge to suppress it from the topology such that in the Auto Meshing, the tagged edge will not be a boundary
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 83 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Heal → Vertex Purpose: to fix problems related to vertices Add – insert a vertex into an edge (break the edge into two sub
edges at the new vertex)
Move – move a vertex on an edge to a specified position (the new position should not be far away)
Remove – search and remove redundant vertices according to a specified break angle
Duplicate – search duplicate vertices and remove them
(Un)Suppress – suppress and un-suppress vertices such that they will not or will be considered in the Auto Meshing
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 84 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Heal → Hole Purpose: to find and remove holes Inner hole – find and remove holes that are entirely within a
single surface
Outer hole – find and remove holes that are located on multiple surfaces or on the outer boundary of a surface
Hallow hole – find hollow region shell or solid
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 85 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
Outer hole
Inner Holes
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GeoTool → Simplify → Untrim Surface Purpose: to un-trim surfaces All Trim Edges – select wire or face from a face to recover the
raw surface
Inner Trim Edge Only – select wire from a face or faces to remove all the inner edges (all holes) on the face
Manual Selection Edges – select edge from a face to remove the selected edges by connecting or extending two neighboring edges on the face
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 86 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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GeoTool → Simplify → Fillet Surf. Remove
Purpose: to remove filleted faces from a solid surface Find – search for filleted surfaces
Apply – remove fillets by extending neighbor faces and trimming them
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GeoTool → Simplify → Fillet Edge Remove
Purpose: to remove filleted edges from a shell surface Search – search for filleted edges
Apply – remove fillets by extending neighbor faces and trimming them
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 88 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
Raw face Face after filleted edges removed
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GeoTool → Simplify → Edge Reshape Purpose: to reshape surface boundaries based on edge
tangents at two selected points
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GeoTool → Simplify → Inner Region Purpose: to reshape surface of an inner region User can select a seed face in the inner region and to remove all
inner faces which locate inside the seed face and untrim the seed face in the loop region.
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GeoTool → Simplify → Merge Same Surf Purpose: to search two faces which has the same
geometry surface from a shell, and finally merge them together
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GeoTool → Measure Purpose: to measure the distance between two points, the
radius and angle of a circular arc, the normal of a plane, whether two circles are co-centered, whether two lines are parallel, etc... You can also show or hide the ID of any geometry object.
If Vertices/Edges/Faces/Shapes are checked, the label of each corresponding entity will be shown
If a geometry object is selected, its information will be listed
If two geometry objects are selected, the relationship between the objects will be evaluated
To check any two points' distance, check Measure Points' Distance.
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GeoTool → Text Object Purpose: to create text object into curves or surface or solids
Click the font button to choose font, different font can greatly affect the meshing result
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 93 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
Arial Font
Times New Roman Font
Finite element mesh
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LSPP Geometry Workshop 10 Repairing geometry
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Workshop 10 Load iges model...
Launch a new session of LS-PrePost
Go to File->Open->IGES file (select /workshop10/raw_iges_data.igs)
Remove duplicated surfaces…
Go to GeoTol->Heal->Face, then click “Analysis”, the red surface will turn into grey, click “Apply”, this will delete the duplicated surface
Move edge to close the gap…
Go to GeoTol->Heal->Edge, select “Replace”, then click the edge on the green part as “Moved edge”, and select another edge on the blue part as “Dest edge” as shown in picture, then click “Apply”
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Workshop 10 Stitch all surfaces…
Go to GeoTol->Stitch, check “All faces”, change the “Dis Tol:” to 0.15, uncheck “Group by part”, then click “Apply”
Remove inner holes…
Go to GeoTol->Heal->Hole, select “Inner”, then click “Analysis”, then click “Apply”
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 96 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Workshop 10 Remove redundant vertices..
Go to GeoTol->Heal->Vertex, select “Remove”, then use the Area selection to select vertices as shown, then click “Apply”
Remove the outer hole..
Go to GeoTol->Simplify->Untrim, select “Manual Selection Edges”, select “Connect End Points”, then click one of the edge on hole as shown, then “Apply”, repeat the other half, and then “Apply”
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 97 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Workshop 10 Repair notched edge…
Go to GeoTol->Simplify->Untrim, select “Manual Selection Edges”, select “Natural Extend Edges”, then click the edges on notch as shown, then “Apply”
Mesh the repaired geometry…
Go to Mesh->Auto Mesh, select “Size”, enter size as 0.8, select “visible” in the geometry selection interface, then click “Mesh”, and then click “Accept”
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 98 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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LSPP Geometry Workshop 11 Preparing geometry for meshing
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Workshop 11 Load iges model...
Launch a new session of LS-PrePost
Go to File->Open->IGES file (select /workshop10/Head_ansys.igs)
Problem:
Meshing this geometry without connecting all the surfaces will produce unconnected mesh which is not acceptable
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 100 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Workshop 11 Trim large surfaces into smaller surfaces
Go to GeoTol->Trim, select “Mutual”, then go to the geometry selection interface and click “Visible”, and then click “Apply”
Stitch faces….
Go to GeoTol->Stitch, check “All faces”, check “Non-manifold mode”, uncheck “Group by part”, then click “Apply” Noted that one of the surface was not trimmed
LS-PrePost Geom | March 2013 101 ©2013 Livermore Software Technology Corporation
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Workshop 11 Fix faces that ware not trimmed and not stitiched…
Go to GeoTol->Trim, select “Standard”, turn on “Raw Trim Tool”, select the stiffener as trim tool, and select the surface as “Be Trimmed Entities”, as shown in the picture, then click “Apply”
Draw geometry in outline mode, see picture
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Workshop 11 Fix faces that ware not trimmed and not stitiched…
Stay in GeoTol->Trim interface, select “Standard”, turn on “Raw trim tool”, in the Trim Tool, select one of the edge that is on the side wall of the box, and in the “Be Trimmed Entities”, select the 2 faces of the side wall, then click “Apply”, see picture for detail.
Repeat the same process for the wall on the opposite side
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Workshop 11 Fix faces that were not trimmed and not stitiched…
Stay in GeoTol->Trim interface, select “Standard”, turn on “Raw trim tool”, in the trim tool, select one of the edge that is on the side wall of the box, and in the “Be trimmed entities”, select the face of the side wall, the click “Apply”, this will break the wall into 2 faces. Repeat the process for the opposite wall
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Workshop 11 Mesh the final geometry…
Go to Mesh->Auto Mesh, select “Size”, enter 1.5 as element size, go to geometry selection interface and click “Visible”, then click “Mesh” in the meshing dialog, and then click “Accept”
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LSPP Geometry Workshop 12 Create Bottle Geometry
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Workshop 12 Create construction vertices...
Launch a new session of LS-PrePost
Go to Curve → Point
Select Method: Parameters
Enter XYZ: 25,0,0
Click Apply
Enter XYZ: 25,7.5,0
Click Apply
Enter XYZ: 0,15,0
Click Apply
Enter XYZ: -25,7.5,0
Click Apply
Enter XYZ: -25,0,0
Click Apply
Click the Auto Center (AutCen) render button
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Create profile edges...
Go to Curve → Line
Select Method: Point/Point
Click the Selection List box
Pick vertices 1 and 2
Click Apply
Pick vertices 4 and 5
Click Apply
Go to Curve → Circular Arc
Select Method: 3 Points
Click the Selection List box
Pick vertices 2, 3, and 4 (in that order)
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Create a reference axis for reflection...
Go to Reference Geometry → Axis
Select Method: Two Points
Click the Selection List box
Pick vertices 1 and 5 (in that order)
Click Apply
Reflect the profile edges...
Go to Geometry Tools → Transform
Select Transform Type: Reflect
Click in the Source Entity box
Pick all 3 edges
Select By Axis
Select Dir: Sel. Axis
Click in the Point/Axis/Plane box
Pick the reference axis
Activate Copy
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Create a surface from the profile edges...
Go to Surface → Fill Plane
Select Method: By Edges
Click the Selection List box
Click Visible in the General Selection interface
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Create a solid (the Body) by extruding the profile surface...
Go to Solid → Extrude
Click the Face List box
Pick the surface
Enter End Distance: 70
Click Apply
Click the Auto Center (AutCen) render button
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Round the edges of the Body...
Go to Solid → Fillet
Click the Shape List box
Pick any face of the solid
Select Equal Radius
Enter Radius: 2.5
Activate Whole Shape
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...) Create a reference coordinate system...
Go to Reference Geometry → Point
Select Method: Barycenter
Click the Selection List box
Pick the top face (farthest from extruded edges)
Click Apply
Go to Reference Geometry → Axis
Select Method: Point to Plane
Click the Selection List box
Pick the top face and the reference point
Click Apply
Go to Reference Geometry → Coordinate System
Select Method: Origin/Direction
Click the Origin box
Pick the reference point
Click the Z Dir box
Pick the reference axis, click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Create a solid cylinder (the Neck)...
Go to Solid → Cylinder
Select Method: Parameters
Click the Coordinate Sys box
Pick the coordinate system
Enter Radius: 7.5
Enter End Height: 7
Enter End Angle: 360
Click Apply
Combine the Body and Neck (to form a Bottle)...
Go to Solid → Boolean
Select Method: Union
Click the Solid Shapes box
Pick the Body
Pick the Neck
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Hollow out the Bottle...
Go to Solid → Thicken
Click the Solid Shape box
Pick the Bottle
Click the Remove Faces List box
Pick the top surface of the Neck
Enter Thickness: 0.6
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Create some circles (to create Threads on Neck)...
Go to Curve → Circle
Select Method: Coordinate
Click the Selection List box
Pick the coordinate system
Enter Radius: 7.9
Click Apply
Click the Selection List box
Pick the coordinate system
Enter Radius: 7.2
Click Apply
Click the Wireframe Geometry (WirGeo) render button
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Create helices from the circles...
Go to Curve → Helix
Select Method: Height and Loop
Click the Circle/Arc List box
Pick one of the circles
Enter Height: 7
Enter Loop Number: 3
Click Apply
Click the Circle/Arc List box
Pick the other circle
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Loft the helices and extrude the surface...
Go to Surface → Loft
Click the Profile Shapes box
Pick both helices
Click Apply
Go to Solid → Extrude
Click the Face List box
Pick the lofted surface
Click the Direction List box
Pick the axis normal to the top Neck face (in the reference coordinate system)
Enter End Distance: 0.4
Click Apply
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Workshop 12 (continued...)
Remove redundant shapes...
Go to Geometry Tools → Management
In the Entity List box, select all items except the two solid entities
Click Delete
Click the Auto Center (AutCen) render button
Click the Shaded Geometry With Edges (EdgGeo) render button
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