lt 727 - exfo-bio - rev. 04 - active box peels available in a dermatologist ... musa sapientum...

Exfo-Bio Pág. 1/24 FQ MKT_003 (03/13) SA 10010/14 LT 727 – Rev. 04 - I

Exfo-Bio

DESCRIPTION

Glycerinated extract pulps of Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin), Mango (Mangifera

indica) and Banana (Musa sapientum).

COMPOSITION

INCI NAME CAS N° EINECS (I)/ELINCS (L)

Water (EU: Aqua, JPN: Onsen-Sui) 7732-18-5 231-791-2 (I)

Glycerin 56-81-5 200-289-5 (I)

Spondias Mombin Pulp Extract 1224966-11-3 -

Mangifera Indica (Mango) Pulp

Extract 90063-86-8 290-045-4 (I)

Musa Sapientum (Banana) Pulp

Extract 1224966-12-4 -

INTRODUCTION

Mammalian epidermis is a stratified epithelium that retains the ability to self renew

under both homeostatic and injury conditions by maintaining a population of mitotically

active cells in the hair follicles and innermost basal layer. The major barrier resides within

the exterior layers of the epidermis, which are sloughed off and repopulated from these

inner cells. The process of terminal differentiation begins when basal cells concomitantly

withdraw from the cell cycle and lose their ability to adhere to the basement membrane.

In the intermediate spinous layers, the cells reinforce a durable cytoskeletal framework of

keratin filaments to provide the mechanical strength necessary to resist physical trauma.

In the granular layers, lipids are produced inside lamellar bodies, keratins are

bundled into macrofibrils through their association with filaggrin, and a cornified envelope

(CE) is assembled by sequential incorporation of precursor proteins directly underneath

the plasma membrane. As the cell membrane disintegrates, the CE is assembled by cross-

linking several defined structural proteins by both disulfide and γ-glutamyl-ε-lysine

isopeptide bonds formed by the action of transglutaminases (TGases). The cross-linked

products, often of high molecular mass, are highly resistant to mechanical challenge and

proteolytic degradation, and their accumulation is found in a number of tissues and

processes, including skin, hair, blood clotting, and wound healing.


Recent experimental results have demonstrated an essential role for tight junctions

(TJs), located in the granular layer, in forming the epidermal barrier. This process of

differentiation from a mitotically active basal cell to a squame, a terminally differentiated

squamous cell, is maintained throughout life as part of epidermal regeneration. In general,

the complex mediates cell-to-cell adhesion and communication. In particular, TJs control

paracellular permeability and maintain cell polarity, which are often referred to as barrier

and fence function, respectively. Like other junction organelles, TJs are composed of

transmembrane and intracellular molecules. At the TJs, integral membrane proteins are

represented by occludin, junction adhesion molecule, and claudins. Claudins are members

of a family that comprises more than twenty proteins with four membrane-spanning

regions, two extracellular loops, and two cytoplasmic termini. Studies have demonstrated

that genetic ablation of claudin-1 induces neonatal death, which is associated with rapid

appearance of wrinkles in the skin and significant body dehydration.

The process of skin self-renewing is particularly associated with claudin-1, which

promotes epidermal differentiation, and with transglutaminases, which act as a cohesion

enhancer mainly in the stratum corneum (Figure 1). The entire process of human skin

replacement takes place in about 3-4 weeks in a young skin. However, over time and with

the ageing process, cell turnover rates decreases drastically, causing unbalanced tissue

repair and cell regeneration.

In this way, the modulation between transglutaminases activity and claudin-1

production plays a crucial role in the skin renew and homeostasis, because both increase

could lead a skin hardening and rough.


Figure 1. Transglutaminases and Claudin-1 activities in skin self-renewing.

Alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs) are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a

carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. They may be

either naturally occurring or synthetic, and have been used for many years in the

cosmetics industry. They are often found in products claiming to reduce wrinkles or the

signs of aging, and improve the overall look and feel of the skin1. They are also used as

chemical peels available in a dermatologist's office, beauty and health spas and home kits,

which usually contain a lower concentration. Although their effectiveness is documented2

numerous cosmetic products have appeared on the market with unfounded claims of

performance3. Many well-known α-hydroxy acids are useful building blocks in organic

synthesis: the most common and simple are glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, mandelic

acid. AHAs are generally safe when used on the skin as a cosmetic agent using the

recommended dosage. The most common side-effects are mild skin irritations, redness

and flaking. The severity usually depends on the pH and the concentration of the acid

used. Chemical peels tend to have more severe side-effects including blistering, burning

and skin discoloration, although they are usually mild and go away a day or two after

treatment. The FDA has also warned consumers that care should be taken when using

AHAs after an industry-sponsored study found that they can increase photosensitivity to

the sun.4

Calcium dependent enzymes that

catalyses covalent linking between

proteins and peptides in stratum

corneum

Transglutaminase (TGases)

Claudin-1

Tight junction (TJ) proteins: essential

for keratinocytes adherence.

Indicative of cell renewal.


Classical AHA can cause excess of dryness), redness, fissuring, scaling, and itching

resulting in an inflammatory cascade triggered by cytokines released from the epidermis in

response to barrier disruption. This effects cause discontinuity of treatment.

Morphological variations in aging: Mechanical Skin Properties

The skin becomes thicker until maturity and then becomes thinner in women over

50-60 years old. Measurements of skin physical properties show that it becomes thinner,

stiffer, less tense and elastic with ageing (Diridollou et al., 2001).

Young's modules (elasticity modules) of the skin, a ratio between stress and

deformation, increases linearly with age. This is in agreement with data indicating that

skin becomes more rigid and less able to stretch in response to stress with age. This has

to be correlated with the increased crosslinking of collagen, the disorganization of the fibril

network and the large amount of free water in the dermis. Ageing decreases skin function

and causes clinical changes such as wrinkling, color changes (yellowish, patches,

pigmentation), and a loss of elasticity and adipose tissue (Diridollou et al., 2001). Sagging

is one of the major age-related morphological changes in the face. While wrinkles and

general changes in the face have been well studied, a recent method using photostandards

and 3 D analysis of replicas shows that women's cheeks begin to sagging when they reach

40 (Tsukahara et al., 2000). Recently measurements of site-related and age-dependent

variations in facial skin show that there is an overall increase of skin echogenicity and

thickness with age. The skin on the upper and lower lips, on the chin and infraorbital

regions is thicker than that on the central forehead, lateral forehead and cheeks. The facial

skin thickness becomes greater over the lateral regions of the forehead, lips and nose in

elderly subjects, and becomes thinner over the infraorbital regions (Pellacani e Seidenari,

1999). Fine lines are due to the gradual breakdown of collagen and elastin fibers, and they

are exacerbated by sun damage. Very deep wrinkles are associated with the muscle below

the skin surface. Muscles contract more with age to compensate for the loss of volume.

Excessive exposure to sunlight and smoking can cause major changes in the skin

(Lahmann et al., 2001). The skin may darken; develop very fine wrinkles, spots, and sag,

all of which are symptoms of photoageing. This is a very serious concern for middle-aged

women, especially women in Asia. Studies using the two point gap discrimination method

plus microneurographic recording in response to mechanical stimuli have also revealed

changes in tactile spatial discrimination in the elderly (Léveque et al., 2000).

The subcutaneous tissue is also concerned in ageing and it has a crucial role in the

skin ageing appearance. Menopause, the physiological cessation of menstruation caused

by decreased function of the ovaries, leads to thinning of the dermis, mainly due to a

decrease in the collagen content, atrophy of subcutaneous tissues and increased skin

dryness (Broniarczyk-Dyla e Joss-Wichman, 1999; Bonté, 2001).


Part of this reduced metabolism and function in the adipose tissue is due to a

decrease of SREBP-1 (Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1), now well established

as a key transcription factor for the regulation of lipogenic enzyme genes in adipose and

other tissues, such as liver.

During the aging, the SREBP-1 gene is dormant, and as consequence, the reduction

of triglycerides accumulation into the adipocyte is also reduced.

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

Exfo-Bio is a product composed by tropical fruits rich in carbohydrates and some

types alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs). The tropical fruits present in the Exfo-Bio are banana,

cajá and mango.

1. Musa Sapientum (Banana) Pulp Extract - Musa Sapientum L.

The medicinal properties of the banana are

part of the traditions of folk medicine. There are a

number of reports which associate the chemical

composition of banana with its therapeutical

properties. Extensive investigations regarding anti-

ulcerogenic and ulcer healing activities of plantain

banana have been carried out for the past 30 years.

Recently, M. sapientum was reported to have

antioxidant properties and a role in connective tissue

formation and maturation. Banana has a significant

amount of fructose and other sugars, carbohydrates,

flavonoids and some types of AHAs, such as malic

acid.


2. Spondias Mombin Pulp Extract – Spondias mombin

Spondias mombin is a tree, a species of flowering plant in the family

Anacardiaceae. It is native to the tropical Americas, including the West Indies. The tree

has been naturalized in parts of Africa, India and Indonesia. It is rarely cultivated. The

great fruit has a leathery skin and a thin layer of pulp. In Suriname's traditional medicine,

the infusion of the leaves is used as a treatment of

eye inflammation, diarrhea and venereal diseases.

It has several common names. Throughout the

Brazil it is called cajá, Spanish-speaking Caribbean

and Mexico it is called jobo. Among the English-

speaking Caribbean islands it is known as yellow

mombin or hog plum, while in Jamaica it is called

Spanish plum or gully plum. Cajá is a plant rich in

vitamins A, B1, B2, C, calcium, iron and

phosphorus. Cajá is referred as anti-inflammatory

and in traditional medicine, is used as a

adstringent, emetic, and against stomachache.

3. Mangifera Indica (Mango) Pulp Extract – Mangifera indica L.

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a rich source of nutritive compounds, including

ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and

polyphenols. Among tropical fruits ripe

mango had the highest gallic acid content

and total polyphenolics compared with

other fruits. The presence of

polyphenolics, carotenoids, and

antimutagens in the mango suggests

significant antioxidant and anticancer

activity, which have been demonstrated

by recent studies.


TESTS

Efficacy Tests

1. In Vitro and Ex vivo Efficacy

1.1. Evaluation of keratolytic effect (epidermal activity)

1.1.1. Stimulation of Claudin-1 gene expression

Figure 2. CLAUDIN-1 mRNA gene expression by human keratinocytes treated with different concentrations of

Exfo-Bio during 6 hours. The data are presented as the mean of relative amounts of CLAUDIN-1 in relation to

the control group, of three individual experiments.

CLAUDIN-1 mRNA expression was evaluated in human keratinocytes cultures and

detected by real-time PCR (Figure 2). Exfo-Bio at 0.04 % (v/v) concentration induced

relevant increase in CLAUDIN-1 expression, reaching 1.65 fold in relation to non-treated

control. This result indicates an increase in cellular adherence and renewal by Exfo-Bio

CHI.

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

CLA

UD

IN-1

(m

RN

A)

ge

ne

ex

pre

ssio

n

ex

pre

ssio

n

rela

ted

to

co

ntr

ol

con

tro

l

Exfo-Bio 0.04 % (v/v)

Controle

1.65 x


1.1.2. Immunohistochemical reactivity of Claudin-1

Figure 3. The effects of Exfo-Bio (0.04 % v/v) on CLAUDIN-1 immunoreactivity in human skin explants after 6

hours incubation. Histological sections were immunostained by rabbit antiserum directed against CLAUDIN-1 in

untreated (a) and treated explants (b) (40 x magnifications).

For immunohistochemical analysis, skin sections obtained from plastic-surgery

patients were treated with Exfo-Bio in the concentration of 0.04 % (v/v) during 6 hours

(figure 3). Corroborating the results obtained in gene expression assays, the visualization

of skin slides showed an increased marked of CLAUDIN-1 in the cell membrane of

keratinocytes compared to the control group.

1.1.3. Histological Analysis of the Epidermis and Skin Barrier

Figure 4. Histological evaluation of human skin explants treated with Exfo-Bio (0.04 % v/v) during 6 hours

incubation. Tissue integrity was demonstrated between the untreated (a) and treated (b) sections stained by

hematoxilin-eosin (40 x magnifications).

Histological evaluation of human skin sections was performed with the purpose to

verify the skin appearance after treatment with Exfo-Bio, particularly in epidermis layers

(figure 4). The treatment at concentration of 0.04 % (v/v) during 6 hours has promoted

an increased in epidermis thickness and keratinocytes appearance.

a. Control b. Exfo-Bio 0.04 % (v/v)

a. Control b. Exfo-Bio 0.04 % (v/v)


1.1.4. Measurement of Trasglutaminase Production

Figure 5. Transglutaminase activity by human keratinocytes treated with different concentrations of Exfo-Bio

during 6 hours. Data are presented in percentage related to the control group, of three individual experiments

(ANOVA, Tukey).

In the Figure 5 are demonstrated the effects of Exfo-Bio in transglutaminase

activity. Decreases up to 4.4, 5.7 and 13.5 % in the enzymatic activity, at concentrations

of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 % (v/v), respectively, were found compared to control group.

Considering that transglutaminases are crucial for cornified envelope formation, the

reduction in its activity could lead to a smooth keratolytic activity, approaching of a natural

process of cell renewal.

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

- 4.4 %- 5.7 %

- 13.5 %

0.01 0.02 0.04

Exfo-Bio % (v/v)

*

Tra

nsg

luta

min

ase

Act

ivit

y

(%re

late

d t

o C

on

tro

l)


Evaluation of matrix extracellular synthesis (dermal activity)

1.1.5. Stimulation of Pro-Collagen gene expression

Figure 6. Pro-Collagen mRNA gene expression by human fibroblasts treated with different concentrations of

Exfo-Bio during 24 hours. The data are presented as the mean of relative amounts of Pro-Collagen in relation to

the control group, of three individual experiments.

The levels of Pro-Collagen expression were determined by real-time PCR (Figure 6)

in different concentrations of Exfo-Bio (0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 % (v/v)). The Pro-Collagen

gene was induced in all concentrations, reaching levels of 7.5 fold higher than non-treated

control group. This stimulatory ability of Exfo-Bio in this extracellular matrix component is

essential for dermal arrangement, contributing to reduced process of wrinkles formation.

0

2

4

6

8

10

Pro

-co

lla

ge

n (

mR

NA

) g

en

e e

xp

ress

ion

ex

pre

ssio

n

(re

late

d t

o c

on

tro

l)

con

tro

l)

Exfo-Bio % (v/v)

0.01 0.02 0.04

+ 4.4x

+ 5.2x

+ 7.5x


1.2. Evaluation of lipogenic potential (hypodermal activity)

1.2.1. Stimulation of SREBP-1 gene expression

Figure 7. SREBP-1 mRNA gene expression by human adipocytes treated with different concentrations of Exfo-

Bio during 6 hours. The data are presented as the mean of relative amounts of SREBP-1 in relation to the control

group, of three individual experiments.

SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein) mRNA expression in human

adipocytes cultures was detected by real-time PCR. As seen in Figure 7, cell treatment

with Exfo-Bio at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 % (v/v) induced relevant increase in SREBP-1

expression. The 0.04 % (v/v) concentration promoted an increase of 1.7 fold in relation to

non-treated control. This result is an indicative of adipogenesis stimulation by Exfo-Bio.

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

SR

EB

P-1

(m

RN

A)

ge

ne

ex

pre

ssio

n

ex

pre

ssio

n

(re

late

d t

o c

on

tro

l)

Exfo-Bio (% v/v)

0.01 0.02 0.04

+1.6x

+1.6x

+1.7x


1.2.2. Measurement of NEFA release

Figure 8. NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) release by human adipocytes treated with different concentrations of

Exfo-Bio during 6 hours. Data are presented in percentage related to the control group, of three individual

experiments (ANOVA, Tukey).

Figure 8 represents NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) measurements in human

adipocyte culture. Our findings demonstrated that Exfo-Bio at concentrations of 0.01,

0.02 and 0.04 % (v/v), promoted significant decreases in NEFA release by cell cultures,

reaching levels 30.2 % lower, in relation to non-treated cultures. This result is a clearly

consequence of increase in SREBP-1 expression, which is an inducer of lipid accumulation.

2. Clinical Efficacy

2.1. Dermatological Assessment

The clinical efficacy Exfo-Bio was verified through evaluations performed by

Dermatologist, according to the attributes: skin hydration; wrinkles; brightness; spots;

firmness; softness, at different experimental times: on (D1) before using the product, and

after 28 days use (D28). 35 female volunteers aged from 35 to 55 years old were selected

to this study.

The first day evaluation performed on (D1) before using the product, established

the initial state of the skin of the volunteer. After 28 days of use (D28), it was established

the intensity of the possible improvement related to the product effect.

The results of assessments are shown in Figures 9 to 16, using the percentage of

volunteers that corresponds to each answer.

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

NE

FA

A

(% r

ela

ted

to

co

ntr

ol)

Exfo-Bio % (v/v)

0.01 0.02 0.04

- 8.5 %

- 18 %

- 30.2 %


2.1.1. Skin Hydration

In relation to hydration, the skin of volunteer:

10%

60%

27%

3%

17%

63%

20%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

very hydrated Is hydrated little hydrated is not hydrated

Perc

enta

ge o

f volu

nte

ers

(%

)

D1

D28

Figure 9: Dermatological Assessment for “Hydration”

2.1.2. Fine Wrinkles

Regarding fine wrinkles:

40%

53%

7%

0%

43%

53%

3%0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Slight Moderate Intense absence

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs (

%)

D1

D28

Figure 10: Dermatological Assessment for “Fine wrinkles”.


2.1.3. Eye Wrinkles

Regarding eye wrinkles:

37%

47%

17%

0%

43%40%

17%

0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Slight Moderate Intense absence

Perc

en

tag

e o

f vo

lun

teers

(%

)

D1

D28

Figure 11: Dermatological Assessment for “Eye wrinkles”

2.1.4. Skin Brightness

Regarding the brightness of the skin:

43% 43%

7% 7%

27%

57%

17%

0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Slight Moderate Intese absence

Perc

en

tag

e o

f vo

lun

teers

(%

)

D1

D28

Figure 12: Dermatological Assessment for “Brightness”


2.1.5. Spots

Regarding the spots, the skin of voluntary:

10%

37%

53%

0%7%

40%

53%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

With many

spots

Spots Little spots Absence

Perc

enta

ge o

f volu

nte

ers

(%

)

D1

D28

Figure 13: Dermatological Assessment for “Spots”

2.1.6. Firmness

Regarding the firmness, the skin of voluntary:

10%

40%

50%

0%

10%

47%43%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Very firm Firm Little firm Is not firm

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs (

%)

D1

D28

Figure 14: Dermatological Assessment for “Firmness”


2.1.7. Softness

Regarding the softness, the skin of voluntary:

3%

57%

33%

3%7%

67%

23%

3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Very softness Softness Little softness Is not

softness

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs (

%)

D1

D28

Figure 15: Dermatological Assessment for “Softness”

2.1.8. Signs of Aging

Figure 16: Dermatological Assessment l for “Signs of aging”

2.2. Cosmetic Appreciability Assessment

This study intends to check the cutaneous acceptability and the cosmetic

appreciability of SERUM FACIAL ANTIAGING Exfo-Bio after 28 days (D28), under

normal conditions of use.

35 emale volunteers aged from 35 to 55 years old were selected to this study.

The cutaneous acceptability was:

• Checked every day, by the volunteers themselves at home;

Regarding the signs of aging:

30%

63%

7%

0%

30%

63%

7%

0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Slight Moderate Intense Absence

Percentage of volunteers (%)

D1

D28


• Controlled after visual examination of the experimental area, by a

dermatologist or the co-investigator or the technician, under his authority, and

after questioning of the volunteers.

The cosmetic appreciability was verified, using a target questionnaire answered by

the volunteers after product’s application (Figures 17 to 26).

2.2.1. Wrinkles and Fine Lines Reduction

Wrinkles and fine lines reduction after 28 days

42%

18%24%

15%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Excellent

Efficacy

Very good

efficacy

Good Efficacy Regular

Efficacy

Not have good

efficacy

Perc

en

tag

e o

f vo

lun

teers

(%

)

Figure 17: Perception of volunteers for the "wrinkles and fine lines”

42% of the volunteers observed excellent efficacy concerning “wrinkles and fine

lines”.


2.2.2. Eye Wrinkles and Fine Lines Reduction after 28 days

Eye wrinkles and fine lines reduction after 28 days

33%

18%24%

21%

3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Excellent

efficacy

Very good

efficacy

Good efficacy Regular

efficacy

Not have good

efficacy

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs (

%)

Figure 18: Perception of volunteers for the "eye wrinkles and fine lines”

33% of the volunteers observed excellent efficacy concerning “eye wrinkles and fine

lines”.

2.2.3. Filling Wrinkles

Filling wrinkles after 28 days

9%

39%

15%18% 18%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Very

perceptible

Perceptible Little

perceptible

Very little

perceptible

Is not

perceptible

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs (

%)

Figure 19: Perception of volunteers for the "filling wrinkles”

39% of the volunteers observed perceptible concerning “filling wrinkles”.


2.2.4. Improving Skin Tone and Firmness

Improving skin tone and firmness after 28 days

36%

15%

30%

18%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Excellent

efficacy

Very good

efficacy


efficacy

Not have good

efficacy

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs (

%)

Figure 20: Perception of volunteers for the "Skin tone and firmness”

36% of the volunteer observed excellent efficacy concerning “Skin tone and

firmness”.

2.2.5. Spots Clearing

Spots clearing after 28 days

24%

9%

36%

3%

15%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Excellent

efficacy

Very good

efficacy


efficacy

Not have

good efficacy

Po

rce

nta

ge

m d

e v

olu

ntá

rio

s (

%)

Figure 21: Perception of volunteers for the "spots clearing”

36% of the volunteers observed good efficacy concerning “spots clearing”.

Perc

en

tag

e o

f vo

lun

teers

(%

)


2.2.6. Skin Softer

Skin softer after 28 days

55%

27%

12%6%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Very softer Softer Little softer Very little

softer

Not have

difference

Po

rcen

tag

em

de v

olu

ntá

rio

s (

%)

Figure 22: Perception of volunteers for the "softer”.

55% of the volunteers observed very softer concerning “softer”.

2.2.7. Skin Brighter

Skin brighter after 28 days

33% 33%

18%12%

3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Very brighter Brighter Little brighter Very little

brighter

Not have

difference

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs (

%)

Figure 23: Perception of volunteers for the "brighter”

33% of the volunteers observed very brighter and brighter concerning “brighter”

Perc

en

tag

e o

f vo

lun

teers

(%

)


2.2.8. Skin Hydration

Skin hydratation after 28 days

45%

30%

12%6% 6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Very more

hydrated

More

hydrated

Little hydrated Very little

hydrated

Not have

difference

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

vo

lun

tee

rs(%

)

Figure 24: Perception of volunteers for the "hydration”

45% of the volunteers observed very more hydrated concerning “hydration”.

2.2.9. Product Performance

Product performance after 28 days

36%

27%30%

6%0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Extremely

satisfied

Very satisfied Satisfied Indifference UnsatisfiedPo

rce

nta

ge

m d

os

vo

lun

tári

os

(%

)

Figure 25: Perception of volunteers for the "Product performance”

36% of the volunteers said that they were extremely satisfied and satisfied concerning

“Product performance”.

Skin Hydration after 28 days P

erc

en

tag

e o

f vo

lun

teers

(%

)

Perc

en

tag

e o

f vo

lun

teers

(%

)


2.2.10. Buying Intention

Buying intention

67%

24%

3%6%

0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Certainly

yes

Maybe yes Indifference Maybe not Certainly not

Po

rcen

tag

em

de v

olu

ntá

rio

s

Figure 26: Perception of volunteers for the "Buying intention”

67% of the volunteers answered certainly yes concerning “buying intention”.

WHY USE IT?

Exfo-Bio offers a mild cell renewing;

Exfo-Bio contains AHAs naturally present in tropical fruits;

Exfo-Bio improves epidermic cell turnover offering balance among main

cellular adhesion structures;

Exfo-Bio reinforces barrier offering cohesion among young corneocytes;

Exfo-Bio regulates the activity of genes related to adipogenesis, stimulating filling

in wrinkles and tissues;

Exfo-Bio promotes triple benefits to skin, working in: epidermis, dermis and

hypodermis.

Marketing Claims

Exfo-Bio presents the following main marketing claims:

� Mild cell renewing

� AHAs naturally present in tropical fruits

� Distinct mechanism of action from traditional AHAs

� Increases cell turnover without discomfort

� Keratolytic effect, but with enhanced barrier for greater cohesion between

young corneocytes

� Intelligent lipogenic effect, stimulating genes silenced with aging

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� Improves general characteristics of the cutaneous relief

APLICATION AND USAGE INDICATIONS

Exfo-Bio can be used in face and body formulations to all skin types.

SUGGESTED CONCENTRATION

From 1.0 to 5.0% (w/w).

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

1. Bazzoni G, Dejana E. Keratinocyte junctions and the epidermal barrier: how to make a skin-

tight dress. J Cell Biol 156(6):947-949, 2002.

2. Segre JA. Epidermal barrier formation and recovery in skin disorders. J Clin Invest 116:1150-

1158, 2006.

3. Kempers S, Katz HI, Wildnauer R, Green B. An evaluation of the effect of an alpha hydroxy

acid-blend skin cream in the cosmetic improvement of symptoms of moderate to severe

xerosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and ichthyosis. Cutis 61 (6):347–350, 1998.

4. Alpha hydroxy acids for skin care. Cosm Dermatol Sup 1–6, 1994.

5. Garg K, Kachhawa D. Chemical peeling - glycolic acid versus trichloroacetic acid in melasma.

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 67(2):82-84, 2001.

6. Kurtzweil P. Alpha hydroxy acids for skin care. FDA Consumer.

http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fdacaha.html, 1998.

7. Agarwal PK, Singh A, Gaurav K, Goel S, Khanna HD, Goel RK. Evaluation of wound healing

activity of extracts of plantain banan (Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca) in rats. Indian J Exp

Biol 47:32-40, 2009.

8. Anhwange BA, Ugye TJ, Nyiaatagher TD. Chemical composition of Musa sapientum (banana)

peels. Elec J Envir Agricul Food Chem 8(6):437-442, 2009.

9. Ayoka AO, Akomolafe RO, Akinsomisoye OS, Ukponmwan OE. Medicinal and economic value

of Spondias mombin. African J Biom Res 11:129-136, 2008.

10. Feitosa SS. Nutrição mineral e adubação da cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) na zona da mata

Paraibana. Areia – PB: 50 p. Dissertação (Solos e Nutrição de Plantas), 2007.

11. Filgueiras HAC, Moura CFH, Alves RE. Caracterização de frutas nativas da América Latina.

Jaboticabal: Funep, 2000, 66 p.: il. ; 21 cm (Série Frutas Nativas, 9).

12. Sacramento CK, Souza FX. Cajá (Spondias mombin L.). Jaboticabal: Funep, 2000. 42p.

(Série Frutas Nativas, 4).

13. Percival SS, Talcott ST, Chin ST, Mallak AC, Lounds-Singleton A, Pettit-Moore J. Neoplastic

transformation of BALB/3T3 cells and cell cycle of HL-60 cells are inhibited by mango

(Mangifera indica L.) juice and mango juice extracts. J Nutr 136:1300-1304, 2006.

14. Sellés AJN, Castro HTV, Agüero-Agüero J, González-González J, Naddeo F, Simona F,

Rastrelli L. Isolation and quantitative analysis of phenolic antioxidants, free sugars, and


polyols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark aqueous decoction used in Cuba as a

nutritional supplement. J Agric Food Chem 50(4): 762-766, 2002.

15. Diridollou S, Vabre V, Berson M, Vaillant L, Black D, Lagarde M, Gregoire JM, Gall Y, Patat F.

Skin ageing: changes of physical properties of human skin in vivo. Internat J Cosm Sci,

2001; 23: 353-62.

16. Tsukahara K, Takema Y, Fujimura T, Moriwaki S, Kitahara T, Imokawa G. Determination of

age-related changes in the morphological structures (sagging) of the human cheek using a

photonumeric scale and three-dimensional surface parameters. Internat J Cosm Sci, 2000;

22: 247-58.

17. Pellacani G, Seidenari S. Variations in facial skin thickness and echogenicity with site and

age. Acta Derm Venereol, 1999; 79: 366-9.

18. Lahmann C, Bergemann J, Harrison G, Young AR. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and skin ageing

in smokers. The Lancet, 2001; 357: 935-6.

19. Léveque JL, Dresler J, Ribot-Ciscar E, Roll JP, Poelman C. Changes in tactile spatial

discrimination and cutaneous coding properties by skin hydration in the elderly. J Invest

Dermatol, 2000; 115: 454-8.

20. Broniarczyk-Dyla G, Joss-Wichman E. Aging of the skin during menopause. Med Sci Monit,

1999; 5: 1024-9.

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voie topique. Phytothérapie, 2001; 25-8.

Document

Written by Reviewed by: Approved by: Controlled by:

R&D Dept. MKT Dept. R&D Director QA Dept.

The information contained in this Literature is provided in good faith. We recommend the test of our products in

order to verify the convenience of their use before adopting them at industrial level. Such information shall not

be understood as concession or permission to use the methods or compositions covered by any patent. This

material reproduction is prohibited without the CHEMYUNION QUÍMICA LTDA authorization.

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