lte agilent
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3GPP LTE Fundamentals
Bai Ying(ying_baiagilentcom)
Tel 010-643968751333 109 1323
Signal Sources Division
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LTE Overview
LTE Major Features
LTE Air Interface
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
What is LTE
Standard Evolution
Why want LTE
Network Architecture
Marketing Status
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What is LTE
What is LTE
- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS
- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface
- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA
Other names of LTE
- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Related names
- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)
- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon
LTE Core Network name
It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
It refers to the evolved core network
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Why want LTE
Design requirements ( TR 25913 )
bull Data Rate
100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz
bull Throughput
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
bull Spectrum Efficiency
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
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Wireless evolution
Five competing 39G systems
39G
35G
3G
HSUPAFDD amp TDD
IS-95Bcdma
HSCSD iMode25G
2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM
GPRS
E-GPRSEDGE
80211g
IS-95Acdma
IS-95Bcdma
IS-95Ccdma2000
80211a
80211b
1xEV-DORelease B
1xEV-DORelease A
WiBRO
1xEV-DORelease 0
W-CDMAFDD
HSDPAFDD amp TDD
W-CDMATDD
TD-SCDMALCR-TDD
80216dFixed
WiMAXTM
80211n
80211h
LTEE-UTRA
EDGE Evolutio
nHSPA+
80216eMobile
WiMAXTM
UMBcf 80220
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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item New IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE Overview
LTE Major Features
LTE Air Interface
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
What is LTE
Standard Evolution
Why want LTE
Network Architecture
Marketing Status
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What is LTE
What is LTE
- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS
- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface
- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA
Other names of LTE
- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Related names
- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)
- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon
LTE Core Network name
It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
It refers to the evolved core network
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Why want LTE
Design requirements ( TR 25913 )
bull Data Rate
100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz
bull Throughput
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
bull Spectrum Efficiency
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
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Wireless evolution
Five competing 39G systems
39G
35G
3G
HSUPAFDD amp TDD
IS-95Bcdma
HSCSD iMode25G
2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM
GPRS
E-GPRSEDGE
80211g
IS-95Acdma
IS-95Bcdma
IS-95Ccdma2000
80211a
80211b
1xEV-DORelease B
1xEV-DORelease A
WiBRO
1xEV-DORelease 0
W-CDMAFDD
HSDPAFDD amp TDD
W-CDMATDD
TD-SCDMALCR-TDD
80216dFixed
WiMAXTM
80211n
80211h
LTEE-UTRA
EDGE Evolutio
nHSPA+
80216eMobile
WiMAXTM
UMBcf 80220
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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item New IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
What is LTE
Standard Evolution
Why want LTE
Network Architecture
Marketing Status
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What is LTE
What is LTE
- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS
- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface
- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA
Other names of LTE
- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Related names
- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)
- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon
LTE Core Network name
It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
It refers to the evolved core network
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Why want LTE
Design requirements ( TR 25913 )
bull Data Rate
100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz
bull Throughput
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
bull Spectrum Efficiency
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
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Wireless evolution
Five competing 39G systems
39G
35G
3G
HSUPAFDD amp TDD
IS-95Bcdma
HSCSD iMode25G
2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM
GPRS
E-GPRSEDGE
80211g
IS-95Acdma
IS-95Bcdma
IS-95Ccdma2000
80211a
80211b
1xEV-DORelease B
1xEV-DORelease A
WiBRO
1xEV-DORelease 0
W-CDMAFDD
HSDPAFDD amp TDD
W-CDMATDD
TD-SCDMALCR-TDD
80216dFixed
WiMAXTM
80211n
80211h
LTEE-UTRA
EDGE Evolutio
nHSPA+
80216eMobile
WiMAXTM
UMBcf 80220
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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item New IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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What is LTE
What is LTE
- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS
- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface
- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA
Other names of LTE
- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Related names
- 39GSuper 3G Beyond 3G HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPAHSUPA with OFDM)
- These terms are not standard and may fade out soon
LTE Core Network name
It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
It refers to the evolved core network
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Why want LTE
Design requirements ( TR 25913 )
bull Data Rate
100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz
bull Throughput
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
bull Spectrum Efficiency
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
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Wireless evolution
Five competing 39G systems
39G
35G
3G
HSUPAFDD amp TDD
IS-95Bcdma
HSCSD iMode25G
2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM
GPRS
E-GPRSEDGE
80211g
IS-95Acdma
IS-95Bcdma
IS-95Ccdma2000
80211a
80211b
1xEV-DORelease B
1xEV-DORelease A
WiBRO
1xEV-DORelease 0
W-CDMAFDD
HSDPAFDD amp TDD
W-CDMATDD
TD-SCDMALCR-TDD
80216dFixed
WiMAXTM
80211n
80211h
LTEE-UTRA
EDGE Evolutio
nHSPA+
80216eMobile
WiMAXTM
UMBcf 80220
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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item New IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Why want LTE
Design requirements ( TR 25913 )
bull Data Rate
100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz
bull Throughput
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
bull Spectrum Efficiency
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
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Wireless evolution
Five competing 39G systems
39G
35G
3G
HSUPAFDD amp TDD
IS-95Bcdma
HSCSD iMode25G
2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM
GPRS
E-GPRSEDGE
80211g
IS-95Acdma
IS-95Bcdma
IS-95Ccdma2000
80211a
80211b
1xEV-DORelease B
1xEV-DORelease A
WiBRO
1xEV-DORelease 0
W-CDMAFDD
HSDPAFDD amp TDD
W-CDMATDD
TD-SCDMALCR-TDD
80216dFixed
WiMAXTM
80211n
80211h
LTEE-UTRA
EDGE Evolutio
nHSPA+
80216eMobile
WiMAXTM
UMBcf 80220
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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item New IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
Agilent TampM Forum
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Wireless evolution
Five competing 39G systems
39G
35G
3G
HSUPAFDD amp TDD
IS-95Bcdma
HSCSD iMode25G
2GIS-136TDMA PDCGSM
GPRS
E-GPRSEDGE
80211g
IS-95Acdma
IS-95Bcdma
IS-95Ccdma2000
80211a
80211b
1xEV-DORelease B
1xEV-DORelease A
WiBRO
1xEV-DORelease 0
W-CDMAFDD
HSDPAFDD amp TDD
W-CDMATDD
TD-SCDMALCR-TDD
80216dFixed
WiMAXTM
80211n
80211h
LTEE-UTRA
EDGE Evolutio
nHSPA+
80216eMobile
WiMAXTM
UMBcf 80220
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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item New IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
Agilent TampM Forum
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
Agilent TampM Forum
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Standard evolution ( RAN amp GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 384 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD amp TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 128 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL MIMO 16QAM UL) Many smaller features plus LTE amp SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010 LTE Work item ndash OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item New IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
Agilent TampM Forum
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36300 Figure 4 Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile Management Entity
SAE = System Architecture Evolution
Agilent TampM Forum
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Agilent TampM Forum
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Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM RRC Mobility mgt measurement mgt
PDCP IP header compression Encryption
RLC Configurable reliability Variable RLC-PDU length
MAC Dynamic scheduling scheduling broadcast info
PHY Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB amp MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23401
NAS Security mgt Authentication Ciphering
NAS Signaling control
SAE Bearer mgt generation of paging message idle state mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks ndash roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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Plans of Global Major Operators
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE RampD status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China CMCC bull Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
bull TD-LTE project is set up
bull Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
bull Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
Potevio Aligned roadmap with CMCCrsquos
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global Ericsson bull First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
bull Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint RampD center focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm bull Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
Agilent TampM Forum
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
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PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD amp TDD ndash with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 128 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 14 3 5 10 15 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz ULDL 2 Rx one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 1728 Mbps UL 864 Mbps 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO amp non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK16QAM 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity 2x2 MU-MIMO
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static amp semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI Uplink once per 5ms slot
Downlink once per 66μs symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only ndash no circuit switched voice or data services are supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
fT 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDM is a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as QPSK 16QAM 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth
)2exp()2()(1
0
tT
ijdTtrectts
N
i
i
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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OFDM advantages
bull High spectrum efficiency
bull Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to implement than CDMA and TDMA
bull Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
bull Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated RF channels
bull Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
bull Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
bull Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
bull Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
bull More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
Agilent TampM Forum
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DFT- Based OFDM
Agilent TampM Forum
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
Agilent TampM Forum
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
Agilent TampM Forum
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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OFDM vs OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Subcarriers
Sym
bo
ls (T
ime
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA ndash a variation of basic OFDMOFDMArsquos dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading amp interference
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
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PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PARsingle carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25814 Figure 911-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA
Frequency domain Time domainTime domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFTSub - carrier
MappingCP
insertion
Size - N TX Size - N FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
N TX symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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OFDM modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is encoded with one QPSK symbol
N subcarriers can transmit N QPSK symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on the symbol data being transmitted
With many subcarriers the waveform becomes Gaussian not sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting 11 -1-1 -11 1-1
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
Agilent TampM Forum
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SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
Agilent TampM Forum
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
Agilent TampM Forum
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
Agilent TampM Forum
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
SC-FDMA modulationQPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence
1 1 -1-1 -1 1 1-1
using SC-FDMA first create a time domain representation of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N and sample rate N(symbol period) to create N FFT bins spaced by 15 kHz
VΦ
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers to the desired allocation within the system bandwidth
VΦ
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create time domain signal of the frequency shifted original
11-11
1-1-1-1
Insert cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols and transmit
Important Note
PAR is same as the original QPSK modulation
11-11
1-1-1-1
I
Q
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Agilent TampM Forum
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
TxM-Antennas
RxN-Antennas
CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
Agilent TampM Forum
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
Agilent TampM Forum
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Why MIMO
bull Increasing channel capacity
bull Increasing robustness
bull Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
bull Spatial Multiplexing
bull Spatial Diversity
bull Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS 2 Rx MS)
bull Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (ldquolayerrdquo) and maps it to 2
transmit streams with half the data on each antenna doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
bull Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas
bull Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels which are estimated from pilots
[ ][ ] =[ ] s0
s1
r0
r1
h00 h01
h10 h11
R=HS
or
S=H-1R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
eg QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b0 b1 b2 b3 s0 s1 S2 S3
1110 -1-j1 1-j1
s0 s2
s1 s3
I
11
01 00
t1 t2 (time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r0 r2
Rx
r1 r3
h00
h01
h10
h11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
Agilent TampM Forum
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
Agilent TampM Forum
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Agilent TampM Forum
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0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 0
1 01 1 11 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n h hr s n
h hr s nr h s h s n
r Hs n
s0 -s1
s1 s0
TX
h0
h1
r0 r1 RX
Solution 0 01 0 1
2 2
11 00 11
1s rh h
rh hh hs
s H r
t1 t2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
Agilent TampM Forum
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H-1R
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H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
H = UDVH
where UUH = I and VVH = I
R = HT becomes R = UDVH T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with UH at receiver
then UHR = DT
SDV decomposition of H
Agilent TampM Forum
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Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Beamforming
Agilent TampM Forum
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1
Σ Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO
Σ
= data stream 1
= data stream 2
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE OverviewLTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 38
Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 54
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
53210 4
2048150001s T
3 OFDM symbols Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 21 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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Slot structure ( Time amp Frequency Domain )
Nsymb OFDM symbols
One slot
NRB x NRBsc subcarriers
Resource block
NDLsymb x NRB
sc
Resource element
(k l)
l=0 l=Nsymb ndash 1
NRBsc subcarriers
Condition NRBsc Nsymb
Normal
cyclic prefix∆f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
∆f=15kHz 12 6
∆f=75kHz 24 3
Resource Block
05 ms x 180 kHz
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
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Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
amp
Physical
SignalsCommo
n
Dedicate
d
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling ACKNACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACKNACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent RestrictedPage 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRANDownlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences)
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences)
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID (one of 3 170 = 510)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
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Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH NA Block code
HI PHICH NA Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 13 Tail biting convolutional
coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
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Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
Agilent TampM Forum
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 663
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 643
PHICH Only support TxDiv 693
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 683
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 633 and 634
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 65
Support up to 4x4 configuration
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1 1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 2 3 4L1
1 2 3 4CW1 5 6 7 81 3 5 7L0
2 4 6 8L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 3 5 7L0
1 3 5 7L2
5 6 7 82 4 6 8L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8L1
1 2 3 4CW1
1 2 3 4CW2
1 2 3 4L0
1 3 5 7L15 6 7 8
2 4 6 8L2
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Layer Mapping ndash Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 82
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4CW1
1 3L0
2 4L1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
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Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding
For SM precoding performs mixing weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
iW
iy
iy
P
Zero(without) delay CDDCodebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Spatial Multiplexing
)(
)(
)()(
)(
)(
)1(
)0(
)1(
)0(
ix
ix
UiDiW
iy
iy
P
large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
1
1
2
1
11
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
jj
11
2
1
j
1
2
1
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 -S1
S1 S0
ant0 ant1
SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Precoding ndash Transmit Diversity
S0 NULL -S1 NULL
S1 NULL S0 NULL
NULL S2 NULL -S3
NULL S3 NULL S2
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Downlink ndash OFDMA Signal Generation
ScramblingModulation
mapper
Layer
mapperPrecoding
ScramblingModulation
mapper
layerscode words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapperIDFT
Resource element
mapperIDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Ts Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
0 2 3 181 helliphelliphellip 19
One subframe
One slot Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 05 ms
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS T(variable)
One radio frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
0 2 3 4 5
One subframe 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period T(variable)
UpPTS T(variable)
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot Tslot =15360 x Ts = 05 ms
7 8 9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
bull5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 5 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 7 and UpPTS for uplink
bull10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0 57-9 and DwPTS for downlink
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017Page 60
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) ndash SlotFrame
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1913 14 15 16 17 18
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP ∆f=15kHz160 (0)
144 (16)
Extended CP∆f=15kHz 512 (0 5)
∆f=75kHz 1024 (02)
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
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Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
3GPP LTE training material
Agilent Restricted20081017
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9
10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 (15000x2048)=32552nsec1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframeDwPTS UpPTSGP
DwPTS
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling ACKNACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink ndash SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapperDFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH NA NA
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 13 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH NA Block code and 13 Tail biting
convolutional coding
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent Confidential
Page 66
PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
10 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
0 1 82 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
011
112
219
313
414
515
616 17 18
1 frame
10 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0m
0m1m
1m
2m
2m3m
3m
One subframe
0PRB n
1ULRBPRB Nn
l
PUCCH
formatNormal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1 1a 1b 2 3 4 2 3
2 2a 2b 1 5 3
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
Agilent TampM Forum
Agilent Restricted
PRACH Resource Mapping
l
Agilent TampM Forum
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Agilent TampM Forum
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