lte latam 2016 v2.5a

Challenges and Lessons Learned: Evolution of the Mobile Network Architecture for NFV / SDN

Network Technology Strategy Department Alberto Boaventura 2016-04-06

Rio de Janeiro - Brazil April, 6th 2016

LTE LATAM 2016

Traffic

Reveue Voice Data

Changes ...

Rapid and consistent mobile broadband consolidation,

doubling year over year, will bring a tsunami of data traffic, representing in 2020 1000x of

the traffic in 2010.

Mobile Data Traffic

Dozens of billions of connected devices foreseen by industry

(GSMA, Ovum, MachinaResearch etc.) on

upcoming decade.

Internet of Things

All customer requirements are not equal. It is worthwhile to

discover which attributes of a product or service are more important to the customer.

Negative perception of services is the major reasons for

changing of service provider

Customer Experience

Main broadband dilemma: Traffic and Revenue

decoupling.

It brings a continuous research for cost effective and affordable

solutions.

Flat Revenue

1000x

...Challenges

More Spectrum: Licensed, Shared or Unlicensed;

New Technology;

New Cell Site;

Spectral Efficiency;

Spatial Efficiency;

Interference Control;

Capacity & Resource Management More Capacity; More Elasticity; More Resiliency; More Granularity;

Low latency; Self Organized; Synchronization;

Service and Network State Awareness; Network Slicing;

Architecture Evolution

Multiple technologies and costs;

Service, technology and spectrum balancing;

Device subsidy;

Spectrum refarming;

Lifecycle Management

+

vs

vs ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................

256QAM

Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) 5G Vision

USE CASES BUSINESS MODEL VALUE CREATION

Asset Provider

Connectivity Provider

Partner Service

Provider

XaaS; IaaS; NaaS; PaaS

Network Sharing

Basic Connectivity

Enhanced Connectivity

Operator Offer Enriched by Partner

Parter Offer Enriched by Operator

Broadband Access in Dense Areas

Broadband Access Everywhere

Higher User Mobility Massive Internet of Things

Extreme Real-Time Communications Lifeline Communications

Ultra-reliable Communications Broadcast-like Services HIGH RELIABLE AND FLEXIBLE NETWORK

SERVICE EXPERIENCE TRUST

Secu

rity

Iden

tity

Pri

vacy

Rea

l Tim

e

Seam

less

Per

son

aliz

ed

Inte

ract

ion

&

Ch

argi

ng

Qo

S

Co

nte

xt

“5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent

experience, and enabled by sustainable business models” Requirements

Attribute 3GPP Release 12 NGMN Requiremnents

Data rate per user Up to 100 Mbps on average Peaks of 600 Mbps (Cat11/12)

> 10 X expected on average and peak rates > 100 X expected on cell edge

End-toend latency 10 ms for two-way RAN (pre-scheduled) Typically up to 50 ms e2e I

> 10X (smaller)

Mobility Functional up to 350 km/h No support for civil aviation

> 1,5 X

Spectral Efficiency DL: 0,074-6,1 bps/Hz UL: 0.07-4.3 bps/Hz

Pushing for substantial increase

Connection Density 2000 Active Users/km2 > 100 X

5G Potential Technologies

1=0º

1=45º

30

210

60

240

90

270

120

300

150

330

180

...

p1

p2

pN

Native M2M support A massive number of connected devices

with low throughput; Low latency Low power and battery consumption

hnm

h21

h12

h11

Higher MIMO order: 8X8 or more System capacity increases in fucntion of

number of antennas

Spatial-temporal modulation schemes SINR optimization Beamforming

Enables systems that illuminate and at the same time provide broadband wireless data connectivity

Transmitters: Uses off-the-shelf white light emitting diodes (LEDs) used for solid-state lighting (SSL);

Receivers: Off-the-shelf p-intrinsic-n (PIN) photodiodes (PDs) or aval anche photo-diodes (APDs)

C-plane (RRC)

Phantom Celll

Macro Cell

F1 F2

F2>F1

U-plane

D2D

Phantom Cell based architecture Control Plane uses macro network User Plane is Device to Device (D2D) in

another frequency such as mm-Wave and high order modulation (256 QAM).

Net

Radio

Core

Cache

Access Network Caching Network Virtualization Function Cloud-RAN Dynamic and Elastic Network

5G Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for Asynchronous Signalling (5GNOW)

Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) : Potential extension to OFDM ;

Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC): Sustainability fragmented spectra.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Sparse-Code Multiple Access (SCMA) High modulation constellation

MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION COGITIVE RADIO NETWORKS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION

DEVICE-CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE NATIVE SUPPORT FOR M2M CLOUD NETWORK & CACHE NEW MODULATION SCHEME

New protocol for shared spectrum rational use

Mitigate and avoid interference by surrounding radio environment and regulate its transmission accordingly.

In interference-free CR networks, CR users are allowed to borrow spectrum resources only when licensed users do not use them.

Why Virtualize?

Why SmallCells?

2013 2014 2015 2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

0,0 Mbps/km2

500,0 Mbps/km2

1000,0 Mbps/km2

1500,0 Mbps/km2

2000,0 Mbps/km2

0,250 km0,350 km0,450 km0,550 km

DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC

Coverage Radius

Capacity 2015

Capacity 2016

Capacity 2017

A +63%

C

D

+61%

+54%

B

TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OWNERSHIP

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x

2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Legend Notes: 2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario; +1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz; +1800 (10): Additional 10 MHz; SmallCell: Using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz

TCO

A B C

Indifference between Macro

1800 & 2600 MHz

Macro LTE 1800 MHz for

coverage

Dual layer Macro LTE 1800

& 2600 MHz

181

265

890

SmallCell 2600 MHz

𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔

𝒌𝒎𝟐 X

DEMANDS

Source: SmallCells Forum

INDOOR TRAFFIC

39%

32%

14%

4%

11%

In Car

At Home

At Work

Travelling

Others

The indoor traffic density can be thousand times higher than outdoor:

the number of persons per km2 in stadium, can reach 1 Million! If all

persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2

Voice Originating Call

INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE

0 bps/Hz

4 bps/Hz

8 bps/Hz

12 bps/Hz

-130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm

3GPP (LTE) Shannon

Outdoor Indoor

Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB, that reduces

around of 50% overall performance of outdoor macro sites;

RSRP

50% and 80% of

voice and data

traffic

respectively are

performed indoor.

≈-50%

Why Centralizing?

CAPACITY & COVERAGE:

Centralized RAN acts as huge Base Station and can easily coordinate resources for interference avoiding by using functionalities such as CoMP and e-ICIC. CoMP and e-ICIC can together increase the system capacity in 30 times distributed network;

C-RAN is also suitable for non-uniformly distributed traffic due to the load-balancing capability in the BBU pool. Though the serving RRH changes dynamically according to the movement of UEs, the serving BBU is still in the same BBU pool.

50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are performed in indoor environment, and due concentrated traffic , indoor traffic density can represent 10-100 times outdoor environment;

Centralized RAN can be optimal solution and accordingly to Airvana and it is 69% cheaper than DAS;

TRANSMISSION & INFRASTRUCTURE:

Algorithms such as e-ICIC and CoMP have tighter latency requirement below 10 micro seconds. In general IP backhaul transport cannot accomplish this latency level in X2 interface.

Network Synchronization can be simplified by requiring synchronism in less centralized sites

Currently almost LTE Cell Site is attended by fiber and DWDM is affordable solution for transport CPRI inside of lambdas.

Space/Colocation, air conditioning and other site support equipment's power consumption can be largely reduced.

China Mobile estimates a reduction of 71% of power saving comparing to Distributed Cell Site;

ROLLOUT, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE :

Faster system rollout due simpler remote cell site that reduces 1/3 comparing to Distributed RAN.

Multi-Tenant BBUs are aggregated in a few big rooms, it is much easier for centralized management and operation, saving a lot of the O&M cost associated with the large number of BS sites in a traditional RAN network.

TCO :

Accordingly to China Mobile, 15% and 50% of CapEx and OpEx savings respectivelly comparing to Distributed RAN

Core Net.

BBU

TDM

IP

BBU

BBU

Core Net.

Fronthaul

Backhaul IP

BBU

BBU

BBU

eICIC CoMP

Distributed RAN Centralized RAN

Coherent transm. & Non-Coherent transm.

Instantaneous Cell Selection

X2

X2

ABS Protected Subframe

Aggressor Cell Victim Cell X2

Identifies interfered UE

Requests ABS Configure

s ABS ABS Info Measurement Subset Info

Uses ABS and signals Patern

Base Station Virtualization & Cloud RAN Architecture

Fronthaul Interface Hardware

Backplane

Backhaul Interface Hardware

Hardware Poll

Virtualization Layer (Ex.: Hypervisor/VMM)

VM BBU 1 VM BBU N Core

Network

Cache & Local

Breakout ...

O&

M/C

on

tro

l/O

rch

estr

ato

r

Fronthaul: CPRI, OBSAI, ETSI ORI

Internet

RRU/ RRH

Radio Unit

Network Datacenter

Only Radio Unit

Backhaul IP

RRU/ RRH

Backhaul

Core Network

BBU BBU BBU

Internet

RRU/ RRH

RRU/ RRH

GbE

Existing Deployed Topology

Fronthaul

Internet

V-BBUs V-Core

RRU/ RRH

RRU/ RRH

RRU/ RRH

CPRI/ OBSAI

Cloud RAN Topology

DEPLOYMENT PARADIGM CHANGE

PRINCIPLES AND ADVANTAGES

ARCHITECTURE

Network Function Virtualization

Elastic & liquid Resources

Operational Flexibility

Reduces space and power consumption

Reduces CapEx, OpEx and delivery time

Software Defined Network

Creates an abstraction layer for: controlling; faster development ; system service orchestration and overall system evolution;

Open Development Interface

Creates an open environment for new development;

Catalyzes new SON & interference mitigation functionalities support;

Role of SDN & NFV in Mobile Network Evolution

NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION

WHy NFV & SDN?

SDN applications

SDN controllers

Network Resources

Programmatic control of abstracted network resources (application-

control interface)

Logically centralized control of network

resources (resource-control interface)

Source: ITU-T Y.3300

Acceleration of innovation: Accelerates business and/or technical innovation through more flexibility of the network operations, thus making trials easier;

Accelerated adaptation to customer demands: Dynamic negotiation of network service characteristics and of dynamic network resource control;

Improved resource availability : Improves network resource availability and efficiency,

Service-aware networking: Allows network customization for the network services which have different requirements, through the programming of network resource operations, including the dynamic enforcement of a set of policies.

Hardware Resources

Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)

Virtualization Layer

VNF ...

NFV

Ma

na

gem

en

t a

nd

O

rch

est

rati

on

Compute Storage Network

NFV Infrastructure Virtual

Compute Virtual Storage

Virtual Network

VNF VNF VNF

CapEx: Reduces equipment costs by consolidation, leveraging the economies of scale;

OpEx: Reduces power consumption, space and collocation costs, improved network monitoring.

O&M: Improves operational efficiency by taking advantage of a homogeneous physical platform

Deployment: Easily, rapidly, dynamically provision and instantiate new services in various locations (i.e. no need for new equipment install)

Time to market: Minimizing a typical network operator cycle of innovation.

Service differentiation: Rapidly prototype and test new services

Source: ETSI

NFV+SDN => MOBILE NETWORK

SDN can enable, simplify and automate NFV implementation

Mobile Network Simplification: Common functions optimized for RAN , EPC and transport .

Traffic Optimization : Network status awareness allows to optimize traffic by observing e2e congestion level, system capacity and element capabilities.

Resilience: SDN provides greater visibility at the network level, regardless of whether the network concept is Layer 2, Layer 3 or even Layer 4.

Power Management: Power consumption of wireless network elements can be optimized in real-time.

Spectrum and Interference Management: Opens a new range of interference mitigation and spectrum optimization techniques at the network level.

SDN applications

SDN controllers

Network Resources Hardware Resources



VNF ...

NFV

Man

age

me

nt

and

O

rch

est

rati

on




Virtual Network

VNF VNF VNF

SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK

Base Station Virtualization in Phases

CLOUD RAN HETNET CENTRALIZED RAN MULTI STANDARD RAN

Multi-sector BBU or BBU Hotel

Overall TCO (CapEx+OpEx) saving of New Cell Site

Network elasticity based on resource pooled in a single BBU

Network synchronization simplification

Fronthaul Rollout

Vendor consolidation

MSR and SDR deployment

2G+3G+4G in single BBU

CellSite Modernization

IP Backhauling

Lifecycle Management Optimization

SmallCell Rollout

Capacity improvement by using CoMP, eICIC, CA etc.

Taking advantage of LTE-A & LTE-A PRO (Rel.11, Rel.12 and Rel. 13)

Baseband pooled across BBU

Using General Purpose HW

EPC and Cloud RAN in a same Network Datacenter

Core Net.

2G

3G

4G

2G

3G

4G

2G

3G

4G

TDM

IP

Core Net.

2G +3G+4G

TDM

IP

2G +3G+4G

2G +3G+4G

Core Net.

BBU

TDM

IP

BBU

BBU

Core Net.

BBU

Fronthaul

Backhaul IP

BBU

BBU

Core Net.

BBU

Fronthaul

Backhaul IP

BBU

BBU

Core Net.

Fronthaul

Backhaul IP

BBU

BBU

BBU

Core Net.

Fronthaul

Backhaul IP

BBU

BBU

BBU

Fronthaul

Backhaul IP

SBI/Fronthaul

NBI/Internet

Hardware Poll


BB

U1

...

O&

M/O

rch

estr

ato

r

BB

U2

BB

Un

EPC

IMS

MTA

S

Mobile Network Evolution

ALL SDN: VIRTUALIZED & OPTIMIZED NFV: VERTICALLY VIRTUALIZED CURRENTLY: MONOLITHIC & DEDICATED HARDWARE

Internet

SGi

MME

HSS

PCRF

IMS

OCS OFCS

Attach

Auth

Mobility

Bearer

Context

Attach

Auth

Policy Policy

Billing

Policy

Billing

Mobility

S/PGW

Policy

Billing

Attach

Mobility

Bearer

Context

Data

IP Backhaul

Macro Radio Access Network

Network Datacenter

Fronthaul

MME

HSS

PCRF

IMS

OCS OFCS

CRAN

S/PGW

Internet

Mobility

Bearer

Context

Attach

Auth

Mobility

Bearer

Context

Attach

Auth

Policy Policy

Billing

Policy

Billing

Mobility

Policy

Billing

Attach

Mobility

Bearer

Context

Data Data

Heterogeneous Radio Access

Network

Network Datacenter

(SBI) Open Flow

Infrastructure Layer

(NBI) Control Layer

SGi

Hardware and Software are monolithic and based on well defined and standardized Network Functions;

All-SDN network can simplify the existing EPC

architecture by eliminating and collapsing common functionalities in specialized Network Functions, such as: MME, S/PGW, IMS, PCRF, HSS etc.

Thus, it can optimize latency accomplishing the 5G requirements via set of hierarchical controllers as opposed to a single centralized controller associated with various control functionalities of the mobile network;

Easy service development by Service Chaining orchestration and application abstraction layer and Open API Interface;

CapEx reduction by using network functions through software virtualization techniques running on commodity hardware;

OpEx reduction due collocation and energy consumption by consolidating networking appliances

Decreasing time to market of a new service by changing the typical innovation cycle of network operators (e.g.,

through software-based service deployment);

PCRF

HLR/HSS

OCS/ OFCS

Internet

S-GW

P-GW

MME

IMS

Ro/Rf

S11 S5

Gx Rx

S6a

Gy/Gz

Sy

Cx/Sh

Evolved Packet Core

S1-U S1-AP

Macro Radio Access Network

SGi

Sp

SON in New SDN/NFV Architecture

SON AS A PART OF SDN/NFV ORCHESTRATION CENTRALIZED SON FUNCTIONALITIES DISTRIBUTED & STANDARD SON FUNCTIONALITIES

Hardware Resources

Virtualized Network Functions


vBB

U (

CR

AN

)

Orc

hes

trat

ion

(S

ON

, CEM

etc

.)

NFV Infrastructure

MM

E

HSS

IMS

vBB

U (

CR

AN

)

SG

W,P

GW

PC

RF

OC

S, O

FCS

...

RRU

Macro Layer

SmallCell Layer

Fronthaul IP

RRU RRU

RRU

RRU

HeNB

HeNB

Macro Layer

SmallCell Layer

eNB

HeNB

HeNB EMS

EMS

PCRF

HLR/HSS OCS/ OFCS

S-GW P-GW

MME IMS

EMS

OSS

(X2) Backhaul IP

RRU

Macro Layer

SmallCell Layer

EMS

PCRF

HLR/HSS OCS/ OFCS

S-GW P-GW

MME IMS

EMS

OSS

Fronthaul IP

RRU RRU

RRU

BBU Hotel

SON CEM South/East Bound Interface

BBU

BBU ...

BBU

Standard distributed SON functionalities:

ANR, MLB, Network Inventory; ICIC etc.

Centralized platform for e2e SON;

New e2e functionalities can be introduced for: Self-Optimization, Self-Planning and Self –Healing etc.

Centralized resource management facilitates the e2e optimization;

E2e Network status awareness and Customer Experience tools allows to optimize radio access and core network resources by network and user perspectives.

5G Architecture (NGMN)

Public & Private IP Network

5G RAT Family

E2E

Man

age

men

t &

Orc

he

stra

tio

n Operator

Services Enterprise Vertical

OTT & 3rd. Party

Use cases, business models, value proposition

Library of Modular Network Functions & Value Enabling Capabilities

Common Information Repository

CP Functions

UP Functions

RAT Config

State Info

Virtualization

Business Enabler APIs

E2E MANAGEMENT AND ORCHESTRATION ENTITY

Is the contact point to translate the use cases and business models into actual network functions and slices.

Defines the network slices for a given application scenario, chains the relevant modular network functions, assigns the relevant performance configurations, and finally maps all of this onto the infrastructure resources.

BUSINESS APPLICATION LAYER

Contains specific applications and services of the operator, enterprise, verticals or third parties that utilize the 5G network.

The end-to-end management and orchestration entity allows, for example, to build dedicated network slices for an application, or to map an application to existing network slices.

BUSINESS ENABLEMENT LAYER

Is a library of all functions required within a converged network in the form of modular architecture building blocks, including functions realized by software modules that can be retrieved from the repository to the desired location, and a set of configuration parameters for certain parts of the network, e.g., radio access.

INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCE LAYER

Consists of the physical resources of a fixed-mobile converged network, comprising access nodes, cloud nodes (which can be processing or storage resources), 5G devices (in the form of (smart) phones, wearables, CPEs, machine type modules and others), networking nodes and associated links.

NETWORK SLICE

Supports the communication service of a particular connection type with a specific way of handling the C- and U-plane for this service.

Is composed of a collection of 5G network functions and specific RAT settings that are combined together for the specific use case or business model.

Source: NGMN/2015

Concerns & Open Questions

FRONTHAUL AIR INTERFACE AGGREGATION & SLICING

Transmission & Transport

Split for function centralization can happen on each protocol layer or on the interface between each layer.

Currently, LTE implies certain constraints on timing as well as feedback loops between individual protocol layers.

Depending on resource scheduling and coordination requirements will be needed, different schemes of centralized vs distributed protocol stacks can be used;

It can flexibilize the overall fronthaul requirements;

WHAT TO VIRTUALIZE

RF

PHY

MAC

RRM

AC/LC

NM

RF

PHY

MAC

RRM

AC/LC

NM

How much to centralize

Executed at RRH

Centralized Executed

Centralized Executed

SDR Monolithic

Executed at BTS

Middle Range Virtualization

Source: IEEE Communications Magazine

BBU

CPRI OBSAI

ETSI ORI

Data Control

Sync

RRU/ RRH

BBU N

BBU 2 BBU 1

CRAN

246 Mbps 1200 Mbps 2500 Mbps

9830 Mbps

WCDMA (1Carrier)

LTE (MIMO2x2, 10 MHz)

LTE (MIMO2x2, 20 MHz)

WCDMA + LTE

CRAN requires a tighter latency requirement for interefrence control (e-ICIC and CoMP) - In general IP backhaul transport cannot accomplish this latency level in X2 interface.

CRAN unfolds complexity of capillarity for access trasportation;

Although there are fronthaul standards, but each vendor implemented its own flavor: OBSAI, CPRI versions;

CPRI/OBSAI requires low latency 5 micro seconds in total, that introduces limitation of 40 km in terms of distance between BBU and RRU;

LTE LTE Wi-Fi

Xw

PHY

MAC

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCP

RRC

Tunnel (Xw)

LWA: LTE & Wi-Fi Link Aggreation

MOCN: RAN Sharing

PHY

MAC RLC

PDCP

RRC

PDCP

RRC

Op1 Op2

S1 S1

Core Core

Network slicing is not a new concept for SDN, but it brings some challenges for Mobile Network, such as air interface protocols;

Resource aggregation and slicing are required for multi-standard harmonization in 5G;

Already existed in LTE standards, such as Carrier Aggregation; LWA and RAN Sharing ;

Needed an fronthaul adaptation capability, such as: Software Defined Fronthaul;


SDN IS NOT ENOUGH INDEPENDENT CERTIFICATION ORGANIZATION

Architecture & Standardization

MYRIAD OF STANDARDS & PROPOSALS

Cell

SD

N

Odin OpenRoad

Op

en

Rad

io

SoftRAN

SoftCell

MobileFlow Op

en

RA

N

So

ftC

OM

ONOS M-CORD

OpenRF

Northbound API

Southbound API

Infrastructure Plane

Control Plane

Application Plane

Rad

io &

Sp

ectr

um

M

anag

emen

t

Mo

bili

ty

Man

agem

ent

Res

ou

rce

M

anag

emen

t

Ro

uti

ng

Po

licy

Man

agem

ent

Controllers for Mobile Edge

Controllers for Mobile Core

SON

Po

licy

SDN Control.

SDWN Control.

SDA Control.

User Plane

SDA

SDWN

SDN

Mobile network has other requirements different from fixed one, such as: mobility;

Broadly used technologies require new extensions, such as: OpenFlow, OpenDaylight;

Several proposals have been introduced since 2009. And each proposals have their own roadmaps;

SDO vs OS: SDO follows a rigid specification mechanism, OS projects are continuously adapted and integrated new code contributions driven by solving current issues;

An industry direction must require for investment optimization and risk minimization;

Hardware Resources



VNF ...

NFV

Man

agem

ent

and

O

rch

estr

atio

n




Virtual Network

VNF VNF VNF

Source: ETSI

Telecom equipment lifecycle management is led by vendor;

It comprehends to make compatible new HW, SW, OS versions for proper product works;

SDN and NFV bring new concern about how to absorb this complexity into operator internal processes: validate and guarantee that multi-environment can work with expected behavior;

For different SW and HW suppliers, an Independent Certification Organization is definitely imperative for overall system compliance.


TOPOLOGY: DISTRIBUTED OR CENTRALIZED FUNCTIONS SECURITY

Real-time processing algorithm implementation for virtualization of the baseband processing pool;

Exploitation of virtualized resources on commodity hardware, which does not provide the same real-time characteristics as currently deployed hardware.

Additional computational latency and jitter, which needs to be considered in the protocol design.

It is an opportunity for new algorithms exploiting a large amount of resources efficiently (e.g., through stronger parallelization) or new Hardware Architecture (such as Intel DPDK).

Source: Intel

Network Packet Size Server

Packet Size

PERFORMANCE

Some core Entity Functions are naturally centralized, such as HSS, PCRF, IMS, OCS; but others are preferable on edge: CRAN, PGW;

Interference Mitigation. Algorithms such as e-ICIC and CoMP have tighter latency requirement below 10 micro seconds;

Cache implementation needed to be on the edge;

Local breakaout;

SBI/Fronthaul

NBI/Internet

Hardware Poll


BB

U1

...

O&

M/O

rch

est

rato

r

BB

U2

BB

Un

EPC

Cac

he

Hardware Resources



NFV

Man

age

men

t an

d O

rch

estr

atio

n

NFV Infrastructure

Malware Remote Access

VNF Specific

Malware DDOs

Remote Access

Single point of failure in SDN architecture: SDN Controllers;

Infrastructure exposure due open access to APIs for SDN service development and integration;

In SDN the services are self and remotely provisioned (vs operator network environment);

NFV/SDN

Telco operators become open to IT treats and vulnerabilities in VNFs, OS, Hipervisiors etc.

Maware can run in VNFs, OS, Hipervisors;

Easy BackDoor implementation;

Other Issues

SBI/Fronthaul

NBI/Internet

Hardware Poll


BB

U1

...

O&

M/O

rch

est

rato

r

BB

U2

BB

Un

EPC

IMS

MTA

S

SBI/Fronthaul

NBI/Internet

Hardware Poll


BB

U1

...

O&

M/O

rch

est

rato

r

BB

U2

BB

Un

EPC

Cac

he

Traffic Density Growth

Co

re &

co

ntr

ol f

un

ctio

ns

At Edge

At Center

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020+

Release 16 & 5G Enh

Release 15 & 5G SI/WI

Evaluation & Specification

Proposal Submission

Tech. Requirements & Eval. Methodology

Vision, Technology & Spectrum

5G Timeframe

ITU-R´s docs paving way to 5G:

IMT.VISION (Deadline July 2015) - Title: “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”

Objective: Defining the framework and overall objectives of IMT for 2020 and beyond to drive the future developments for IMT

IMT.FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS (Deadline Oct. 2014)

To provide a view of future IMT technology aspects 2015-2020 and beyond and to provide information on trends of future IMT technology aspects

EU (Nov 2012)

China (Fev2013)

Korea (Jun 2013)

Japão (Out 2013)

2020 and Beyond Adhoc

WRC15 WRC12 WRC19

Trials and Commercialization Standardization Activities Pre-standardization Exploratory Research

First Release White Paper

Requirements & Tech. feasibility

Trial of basic functionality Tests IoT and deployment

Release 14 & 5G SI Release 10-13

Alberto Boaventura [email protected]

¡Gracias! Thanks! Obrigado! Q&A