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TRANSCRIPT
LTE Roaming Design and Deployment BRKSPM-2008
Prakash Suthar, [email protected]
Senior Solutions Architect
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
What is Roaming all about?
3
Mobile Users Perspective
Make my phone work everywhere
Keep my data going, I need more
Make me feel home
Mobile Provider Perspective
Keep my subscribers happy
Grow my business
Show me the MONEY
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Topics
2G/3G and LTE Roaming Overview
Roaming Transport Network
2G/3G Roaming Transport (GPRX Exchange)
LTE Roaming Transport (IP Exchange)
LTE Roaming Design
3G/LTE Inter-working Roaming Scenarios
Local Breakout and Home Routed
VoLTE Roaming
LTE Roaming Deployments
Roaming Reference Documents
4
2G/3G and LTE Roaming Overview
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
GRX GRX
PLMN
PS Core
VPLMN
PS Core
Roaming in 2G/3G Networks
Voice calls handled in the VPLMN
lower delays, optimized routing
Roaming entitlement verified from home HLR
VPLMN
CS Core
HPLMN
CS Core
Other
Network Voice call
Subscription
management
UE
Internet
UE
Data session
Different approach for voice (CS) and data (PS)
Data traffic home-routed to HPLMN
Policy, QoS and service control in the HPLMN
Longer delay for data
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© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Roaming in LTE Networks
IPX
VPLMN
HPLMN
LTE/EPC and all-IP evolution brings new challenges
IPX - IP Exchange, HPLMN – Home Public Land
Voice calls handled in the VPLMN
lower delays, optimized routing
Roaming entitlement verified from home HLR
Data traffic routing determined based upon type of services (APN)
Internet APN & delay sensitive Apps can be served locally from VPLMN
Billing & mediation negotiated through IPX providers
QoS is most critical
For VoLTE capable UE, voice call routing (local/home routed) depend upon roaming agreements
7
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
PDNs
LTE Roaming Scenario Multiple Entities, Different Requirements
Transport
EPC
MME/SGSN SGW
PCRF
Voice Service
CS Net
PGW
EPC
HSS
PCRF
PGW
Local policy
IMS/CS roaming
DNS Diameter
Security
Security
VPLMN IPX/GRX HPLMN
QoS & Policy
Node Selection
Diameter Routing
Security
Transport
Security
IMS
Voice Services
CS Net IMS
R
A
N
U
E
DNS Diameter
DNS Diameter Billing
R
A
N
U
E
Policy
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Roaming Transport Network
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
GPRS Roaming Interconnect: Two Alternatives
BG
SGSN
BG
SGSN
GGSN GGSN
Intra-PLMN Backbone Intra-PLMN Backbone
Gi Gp Gi
PLMN A PLMN B
Internet
Inter-PLMN GRX
Backbone
Internet based Roaming
Direct links using public internet
SGSN, GGSN have public IP
addresses
Provides more optimal routing
Concern for QoS, security
Inter-PLMN Roaming
Needs Inter-PLMN GPRS Backbone
QoS, security SLA managed by GRX
provider
GRX provides value added services
SGSN, GGSN can have
public/private IP addresses
ISP ISP
Home
Services
Local
Services
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© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
GPRS Roaming Exchange (GRX) Dedicated network brokering among roaming providers.
Normally use BGP MPLS VPN network
Provide secured IP transport, SS7, SIGTRAN among roaming Partner
Value added services – MMS, SMS, voice mail etc.
Roaming
Broker
PLMN2 (Visited)
PLMN1 (Home)
GGSN
SGSN
Roam DNS
Roam DNS
BG
BG
PLMN3
SGSN
Roam DNS
BG
GRX
R
R
R
Roaming
Agreement
SLA
SLA
SLA
Roaming
Agreement
Roaming
Agreement
Root DNS
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GSMA IR.34,40,88
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Roaming Transport – IP Exchange (IPX) for LTE
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IP Exchange
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Routing in GRX/IPX Network
Routing in GRX/IPX Network
GRX/IPX Provider
GRX/IPX Provider
GRX/IPX Provider
EPC-MNO1
EPC-MNO3
EPC-MNO2
L3VPN/Routed Network
L3 VPN/Routed Network
MP-BGP VPN
L3VPN/Routed Network
GRX/IPX provider uses BGP community to advertise/control routes
GRX/IPX provider uses “Hot Potatoes” concept to route traffic to nearest peering point
Roaming Partners control routes learned/advertised at GRX router
QoS is managed among GRX/IPX provider to meet E2E SLA requirements
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DNS DRA EPC
DNS DRA EPC
DNS DRA EPC
GSMA IR.34,40,88
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Routing in GRX/IPX Network
Routing in GRX/IPX Network
GRX/IPX Provider
GRX/IPX Provider
GRX/IPX Provider
EPC-MNO1
EPC-MNO3
EPC-MNO2
L3VPN/Routed Network
L3 VPN/Routed Network
MP-BGP VPN
L3VPN/Routed Network
GRX firewall is normally deployed by large service providers
GRX firewall is configured to allow only specific routes
For GRX/IPX transport over public internet, site-to-site VPN is deployed (IPSec will add overhead ~25%)
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DNS DRA EPC
DNS DRA EPC
DNS DRA EPC
GSMA IR.34,40,88
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
IP Exchange (IPX) Transport
Layer1,2,3 transport is same in GRX & IPX.
Dedicated GRX peering point with roaming providers/Exchanges (syniverse, Aicent, AMS-IX etc.)
Layer-3 routing to control routes
BGP routing for route control & best path
Dual Stack IPv4 and IPv6 Transport
QoS alignments
Multi Protocol BGP with community filtering
GRX/IPX Providers should not act as a transit.
15
GSMA IR.34,40,88
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
IP Exchange (IPX) Requirements
HSS – Home Subscriber System, PCRF – Policy Control Charging Function
Different Protocols
Diameter routing (edge, proxy)
IPX Proxy Service
Managed E2E QoS and SLA
Value Added Services
Mediation & billing CDR for all Apps
Different signalling
Diameter (HSS, PCRF)
SIGTRAN for messaging etc.
16
GSMA IR.34,40,88
So what are key difference between GRX and IPX
Can I upgrade my GRX network to support IPX?
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
IP Exchange (IPX) Proxy Service
Proxy service enable inter-working of different services on bilateral basis
Help to route control & user plane packets
Proxy Services Examples
Session-based accounting including CDR
Implement Black list/White list
Security functions (such as access control)
IPv4 / IPv6 transition/translation
Handle overlapping IP addresses
Media protocol conversion / transcoding
Ability to trace the originator
17
GSMA IR.34,40,88
LTE Roaming Design
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
LTE Roaming Control & User Plane
Gx, S9, S6a (SCTP, Diameter)
S5, S8 (GTP)
S11 (GTP)
S1-MME (SCTP, S1AP)
Proper routing of control plane message are most crucial to maintain same user experience while roaming
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S5
S1-U (GTP)
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
IPX Provider
3GPP Architecture for LTE Roaming (TS 23.401)
All data traffic from visited network is routed to home
Diameter interfaces inter-PLMN: S6a, S6d, S9
2G/3G and LTE interworking
S6a
HSS
S8
S3 S1 - MME
S10
UTRAN
GERAN SGSN
MME
S11 Serving
Gateway UE
“ LTE - Uu ” E - UTRAN
S12
HPLMN
VPLMN
PCRF Gx Rx
SGi Operator’s IP
Services
PDN Gateway
S 1 - U
S4
Home-Routed
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© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
IPX Provider
3GPP Architecture for LTE Roaming (TS 23.401)
Selectively some APN are routed to home network
Default internet traffic and other delay sensitive Apps and locally broken
Diameter interfaces inter-PLMN: S6a, S6d, S9
2G/3G and LTE interworking
Local Breakout
S6a
HSS
S 5
S3 S1 - MME
S10
GERAN
UTRAN
S G SN
MME
S11
Serving G ateway UE
" LTE - Uu" E - UTRAN
S4
HPLMN
VPLMN
V - PCRF
Gx
SGi
PDN G ateway
S1 - U
H - PCRF
S9
Home Operator’s IP
Services
Rx
Visited operator PDN
S12
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© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
LTE Roaming with 2G/3G – Design Considerations
LTE is not deployed everywhere – Need to factor different scenarios
Different roaming agreements may be needed for 2G/3G and LTE
LTE-Only
2G/3G-Only
2G/3G and LTE
Different core network capabilities may be available in HPLMN and VPLMN
Gn-SGSN vs. S4-SGSN
SAE Gateway (SGW, PGW, GGSN etc.)
User plane options - GTP vs. PMIP
Voice Options - CSFB vs. VoLTE
22
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Multiple Options with S4SGSN
S4-SGSN deployment happen gradually. Roaming design should factor legacy interfaces
S6d or 3GPP-Rel-8 Gr required to enable EPS sessions over S4
– 3GPP Rel-7 Gr would work for PDP Context over Gn/Gp
Both Gn/Gp and S4 can be used towards the GGSN/PGW
HLR/HSS PGW/
GGSN
S4SGSN
HPLMN
VPLMN
MME
SGW
S8 Gp Gr
S4
S3/Gn
S11 S6d or Gr?
Gp or
S4/S8?
S6d
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© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Roaming Scenario-1: Roaming Gateways
HPMN only has PGW as the gateway
for roaming, 2G/3G Access via Gp
interface
HPMN has both GGSN and PGW as
the gateway for roaming, 2G/3G
Access via Gp interface
24
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Roaming Scenario-2: Roaming Gateways
HPMN has only PGW as the gateway
for roaming, 2G/3G Access via S8
interface
HPMN has both PGW and GGSN as
the gateway for roaming, 2G/3G
Access via S8 or Gp interface
25
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Roaming Scenario-3: LTE only on one side
No LTE on visited Network No LTE on Home Network
26
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
LTE Roaming Diameter Routing Design
GRX /IPX
DIAMETER
ROUTING
AGENT
DIAMETER
EDGE
AGENT
S4-SGSN
MME
V-PCRF
HSS
H-PCRF
V-PLMN H-PLMN
S6a
S6d
S9
S6a
S9
S6dDIAMETER
EDGE
AGENT
DIAMETER
ROUTING
AGENT
Diameter routing is handled by Diameter Edge (DEA) and Diameter Routing Agent (DRA) Diameter Proxy or Relay for multiple applications (S6a, S6d, S9) Node discovery (e.g. find the HSS in the HPLMN) Routing, scalability and availability Easy interoperability (e.g. AVP manipulation) Security, including network hiding and encryption Roaming Steering should be aligned with analogous SS7 mechanisms
27
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Diameter Function – Relay, Proxy, Edge
Diameter Edge Agent
Used at edge of network for inter-
service provider diameter routing
Advertises the Relay application
ID to the outer Diameter peers.
Hide topology of service provider.
Make inter PLMN routing is
independent from inner diameter
messages
Edge agent should be able to
relay or proxy all applications
supported by the PLMN to inner
proxies, inner relays or inner
destination agents CER - Capability Exchange Request
CEA - Capability Exchange Answer
28
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
G
R
X
Node Selection - DNS Discovery of SGW and PGW
PLMN A (V-PLMN) PLMN B (H-PLMN) MCC= 123, MNC = 456
MME
UE
DNS
SGW
HSS
PGW
Attach Request
(IMSI 123456xxxxxxxxx) (VPLMN_ADDR_NOT_ALLOWED, HPLMN service not barred)
NAPTR internet.apn.epc.mnc456.mcc123.3gpp…
PGW_name x-3gpp-pgw:x-s8-gtp
Home
routed MCC/MN
from IMSI DNS resolving APN FQDN
via authoritative DNS for
HPLMN
SGW Discovery via TAI FQDN NAPTR selection criteria
in the MME
S8
S6a
DNS
Create Session Request
Subscriber
of PLMN B
roaming in
PLMN A
Local DNS
of PLMN A
GRX’s DNS is
authoritative for other
domains
29
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Roaming DNS Architecture
The VPLMN does not administer the domains of roaming partners – Realms, APN FQDNs, etc. in the HPLMN
GSMA IR.67 defines Inter-PLMN DNS for GPRS, EPC, IMS, etc – .gprs for GPRS, .3gpppnetwork.org for EPC
The DNS Resolver in the vPLMN relies on the Master Root to find the Authoritative DNS for the HPLMN domain
Inter-PLMN DNS with GRX/roaming partners
Inter-PLMN DNS
is required
GSMA IR.67
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VoLTE Roaming
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
VoLTE Roaming Framework
32
GSMA IR.65
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
VoLTE Roaming Scenario-2
33
GSMA IR.65
VoLTE capable UE roam to visited network. During node selection visited SGW resolve to PGW/SSGSN.
Visited PGW/GGSN is anchoring point for VoLTE call. SGi traffic is routed to visited P-CSCF
Visited P-CSCF forward traffic to S-CSCF for home PLMN IMS network
Second leg of VoLTE call is located by home S-CSCF
We need IMS interworking between VPLMN and HPLMN
Local breakout. Using visited P-CSCF and Home S-CSCF
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
VoLTE Roaming Scenario-2
34
GSMA IR.65
VoLTE capable UE roam to visited network. During node selection visited SGW resolve to visited PGW/SSGSN.
Visited PGW/GGSN is anchoring point for VoLTE call. SGi traffic is routed to home P-CSCF by using IPX/GRX transport
Home P-CSCF forward traffic to S-CSCF for home PLMN IMS network.
Second leg of VoLTE call is located by home S-CSCF
We do not need IMS interworking between VPLMN and HPLMN
Local breakout. Using Home P-CSCF and S-CSCF
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
VoLTE Roaming Scenario-3
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GSMA IR.65
VoLTE capable UE roam to visited network. During node selection visited SGW resolve to home PGW/SSGSN.
Home PGW/GGSN is anchoring point for VoLTE call. SGi traffic is routed to home P-CSCF.
Home P-CSCF forward traffic to S-CSCF for home PLMN by using VoLTE Core.
Second leg of VoLTE call is located by home S-CSCF
Home routed. Using Home P-CSCF and S-CSCF
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Complex VoLTE Scenarios
36
VoLTE signaling (SIP) is exchanged between VPLMN and HPLMN
Media is routed directly. UE need public IP addresses
Inter-working between home VoLTE is must
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
SMS over SGs in LTE Roaming
37
LTE UE supporting SMS over SG
SMS is delivered LTE access without forcing UE to fall back to overlay 2G/3G accesses.
MME will use SG interface for SMS delivery
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Voice over CSFB in LTE Roaming
38
LTE UE supporting voice over CSFB
For voice termination paging is done
over SG interface
UE is redirected to overlay 2G/3G for
voice termination
LTE Roaming Deployments
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
LTE Roaming Deployments
40
Roaming Requirements
Roaming Design
IPX Provider Selection
Lab Inter-op Testing
Roaming FOA
Roaming Deployments
LTE roaming has topline business
Requirements aligned with standards
Identify gaps (Roaming partner, IPX)
Inter-operability testing
Test, Retest and Test Again
Billing, mediation, correlation
Security compliance
Feedback &
ad
justm
ents
Additio
nal ro
am
ing f
eatu
res
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
Sunday (23 June)
TECSPM-2003 Cisco Mobile Packet Core (4 Hrs Tectorial) 01:00-05:00 PM
Monday (24 June)
BRKSPM-2010 M2M for Mobility Networks 08:00-09:30 AM
LTRSPM-2002 Implementing Service Provider WiFi (4 Hrs hands on lab) 01:00-05:00 PM
BRKSPM-2001 Deploying Service Provider Wi-Fi 01:00-03:00 PM
Tuesday (25 June)
BRKSPM-2009 Small Cell Technologies 08:00- 09:30 AM
BRKSPM-2002 Design & Deployment of ASR5500 as SAE Gateways 12:30 -2:30 PM
BRKSPM-2008 LTE Roaming Design and Deployment 03:00 -04:30 PM
Wednesday (26 June)
CCSSPM-2002 Emerging Methods for Monetizing 4G Networks 08:30 -09:30 AM
BRKSPM-2004 Unified MPLS transport and synchronization in mobile networks 01:30 -03:30 PM
BSASPM-1012 Mobile Service Provider Smartphone Signaling Challenges 01:30 -02:30 PM
BRKSPM2005 LTE Policy and Charging Control Architecture 04:00 -06:00 PM
Thursday (27 June)
BRKSPM-2007 High Density WiFi networks for Stadiums and Large Public Venues 08:00 -09:30 AM
TECSPM-2001 IPv6 LTE/EPC Design and Migration (4 Hrs Tectorial) 08:00-12:00 PM
BRKSPM-2013 Integrating Satellite RANs and the Mobile Packet Core 10:00 -11:30 AM
BRKSPM-2003 Cisco SON Architecture 12:30 -02:00 PM
CCSSPM-2001 SP WiFi Case Study by Cox Communications 01:00 -02:00 PM
TECSPM-2002 Cisco VoLTE Solutions (4 Hrs Tectorial) 01:00 -05:00 PM
BRKSPM-2006 Monetization Architecture for Service Provider 04:00 -06:00 PM
SP Mobility Sessions
41
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
LTE Roaming References
IR33 GPRS Roaming Guidelines
IR34 Inter-PLMN Backbone Guidelines
IR40 Guidelines for IPv4 Addressing and AS Numbering
IR61 WLAN Roaming Guidelines
IR65 IMS Roaming Guidelines
IR67 DNS/ENUM Guidelines for Service Providers & GRX/IPX Providers”
IR77 Inter-Operator IP Backbone Security Requirements
IR88 LTE Roaming Guidelines
IR92 VoLTE Roaming Guidelines
42
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPM-2008
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