luca busani istituto zooprofilattico sperimentale delle venezie the italian experience in the...
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Luca Busani
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie
The Italian experience in the control of
Avian Influenza applying emergency and
prophylactic vaccination
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The AI challenge in Italy
• High density of susceptible species (turkeys) in a limited area (Densely Populated Poultry Area-DPPA)
• Wetlands and resting sites for migratory waterfowl in close proximity of this DPPA
• Several introductions of LPAI viruses from wild birds resulting in some cases in major epidemics
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ITALY - VENETO AND LOMBARDYDistribution of poultry holdings
@ 3.300 poultry holdings
@ 95 million bird places
Mallard population in Italy:110,000 birds/year
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Total direct costs: 170 million euros
Italy: AI outbreaks from 1997 to 2005
• 1997-1998 HPAI: H5N2 8 outbreaks, backyard flocks, prompt eradication
• 2000 LPAI-HPAI: H7N1, total costs € 500 million
• 2000-2001 LPAI: H7N1 78 outbreaks
• 2002-2003 LPAI: H7N3 388 outbreaks
• 2004 LPAI: H7N3 28 outbreaks (September-November)
• 2005 LPAI: H5N2 15 outbreaks (April-May)
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LPAI: prevention control strategies
• Increase of farms bio-security level• Prompt detection of any AI virus introduction in:
• Poultry • Wild birds
• Vaccination (H5–H7 virus subtypes)• Reduction of farm density, mainly turkey farms
(long term strategy)
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VACCINATION AREA
Lombardia Veneto
More than 1000 farmsMore than 31 million birds
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Laboratory data
Poultry populations data
Reports to decision makers
Central data collection and analysis
Poultry vaccination data
Monitoring activity
Vaccination: data management system
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Numbers of vaccination in Italy (2000-2006)
2000-2002
2003 2004 2005 2006
Capons 41,000 301,000 268,000 192,000 211,000
Guinea Fowls - - 84,000 75,000 41,000
Cockerels - 1,061,000 1,261,000 - -
Laying hens 6,534,000 26,830,000 13,263,000 7,577,000 5,459,000
Turkeys 16,303,000 47,242,000 36,171,000 28,318,000 10,908,000
Total (doses) 23 million 75 million 51 million 36 million 17 million
Cost (€) 4 million 13 million 9 million 6 million 3 million
Vaccination-related costs: 35 million €payed by the farmers
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From 31/12/02 vaccination of turkeys (H7N1)
R0=3.0IC (2.3- 3.9)
R0=0.6IC (0.5-0.7)
Weekly incidence rate of LPAI H7N3 outbreaks
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a) emergency vaccination b) preventative vaccination c,d) poor adherence to the vaccination protocol
c) 17 flocks vaccinated only once or twice, instead of three times as scheduled;d) all flocks vaccinated only once
LPAI epidemics and vaccination in Italy
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Conclusions I
• Emergency and prophylactic AI vaccination can reduce financial losses due to AI epidemics
• In order to maintain trade, vaccination must be coupled with monitoring and aimed at eradication
• Wild birds and backyard flocks must be included in the monitoring programs
• The problems related to AI vaccines and vaccination must be considered when intervention is planned
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Conclusion II
• Control of AI in DPPAs requires a coordinated territorial strategy including surveillance, early detection and prompt intervention and vaccination should be part of it
• This strategy must be adapted to the field conditions
• It requires dedicated resources
• The sustainability in the long period is the major drawback
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Grazie per l’attenzione…
Luca Busani Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie – CREV
Stefano Marangon Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie