lucia francesca carbone ans summer seminar 2012. ... a few dates 400 b.c.: the spartan thibron...
TRANSCRIPT
The late Cistophori of Tralles: a die study
Lucia Francesca CarboneANS Summer Seminar 2012
... A few dates
400 B.C.: the Spartan Thibron attempted to take it from the Persians, but was defeated by the strength of the place (Diod. 14.36)397 BC: treaty between Persian king and Derkylidas (Xen., Hell. 3.2.19)334 BC: after the plundering of Halicarnassus, Alexander sent a part of his army to Tralles (Arr. I.18.1-3)313 BC: taken by force by Antigonos (Diod. 19.75),301 BC: under the Seleucid dominion , the city took the name of Seleukeia
Coinage of Tralles under the Seleucids
AE Coin, Tralles, Lydia, 200 BC. ANS Accession Number: 2008.37.1Obverse: Laureate head of Zeus r. Reverse: Bull standing l. head facing “A” below, Magistrates name in exergue. Weight: 3.72 grams Measurements: 16 mmDie Axis: 11
Coinage of Tralles under the Seleucids
AE Coin, Tralles, Lydia, 200 BC Obverse : Head of Zeus right Reverse : ΣΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝ
ΑΡΤΕΜΙΔΟΥ Humped bull standing left, all in Meander border
References : SNG Von Aulock 3271 var.Weight : 3.97g Measurements: 16 mm
Early Cistophori of Tralles
Obverse: Serpent emerging from cista mystica, all within Dionysiac wreath of ivy leaves and berries
Reverse: Bowcase ornamented with aphlaston and flanked by two serpents, TRA to left, to right filleted zebu bull standing right on meander
Weight: 12.71 gmReferences: Kleiner and Noe Series
15; Pinder 142
CNG 63 (2003) 531
Obverse: Cista mystica with serpent; all within ivy wreath
Reverse: Bow-case with serpents; MHTP (magistrate) above, zebu bull standing right on menander pattern right
Weight: 12.56 gmReferences: SNG von Aulock
-; SNG Copenhagen -; BMC Lydia -; SNG Tübingen -
Late Cistophori of Tralles
Roman Tralles
134 BC: the participation of Tralles to the rebellion of Aristonikos is not proven
100 BC: Q.Cecilius Metellus Numidicus spent some time in Tralles, while exiled from Rome (Val. Max 4 1.13)
Numidicus autem Metellus populari factione patria pulsus in Asiam secessit. in qua cum ei forte ludos Trallibus spectanti litterae redditae essent…
Tralles and Mithridates
Cic., Pro Flacco 59:
ac tum quidem Tralliani cum ipsi gravi faenore istam pecuniam multos annos occupavissent, a Flacco tamen omnia quae voluerunt impetraverunt, neque tam fuerunt impudentes ut id quod Laelius dixit dicere auderent, hanc ab se pecuniam abstulisse Mithridatem. quis enim erat qui non sciret in ornandis studiosiorem Mithridatem quam in spoliandis Trallianis fuisse?
And at that time, indeed, the Trallians, as they themselves had been for many years putting out that money at high interest nevertheless obtained from Flaccus all that they desired; nor were they so shameless as to venture to say what Laelius said,—namely, that Mithridates had taken this money from them. For who was there who did not know that Mithridates was more anxious about adorning Tralles than plundering it?
Tralles and Mithridates
89 BC: issue of golden staters under Mithridatic influence
Inv. Wadd. Pl. XIV. 23: Obverse: Head of Zeus,
laur.; Reverse: humped bull
standing right on Meander pattern, similar to the Seleucid ones; in front, fulmen surmounted by a small club, with lion’s skin hanging over it
Tralles and Mithridates
88 BC: after the slaughter of Italians and Romans in Ephesus, the city became for certain one of the supporters of the king, hiring Theophilus of Paphlagonia
(App. Mithr.23; Dio frag. 101.1)
87 BC: after the episode of Zenobius, T. was also one of the first cities to rebel against Mithridates
(App. Mithr. 48)
85 BC: T. is fined by Sulla together with the other Asian cities (Cic. Flacc.91)
Lucullus and the ‘Sullan age’
ἐπεὶ δὲ συνθηκῶν γενομένων Μιθριδάτης μὲν ἀπέπλευσενεἰς τὸν Εὔξεινον πόντον, Σύλλας δὲ τὴν Ἀσίαν δισμυρίοις
ταλάντοις ἐζημίωσε,προσταχθὲν αὐτῷ τά τε χρήματαταῦτα πρᾶξαι καὶ νόμισμα κόψαι
Peace being presently made, Mithridates sailed off to the Euxine sea, but Sylla taxed the inhabitants of Asia twenty thousand talents,
and ordered Lucullus to gather and coin the money.(Plutarch, Lucullus 4.1)
‘Late’ Cistophori (134/128 – 67 BC)
Ephesus: 134/133 -67 BC
Pergamum (die sharing with Sardes, Synnada and Apameia): 123 -67 BC
Apameia: 88 – 67 BC(Strabo 12.8.18)
Tralles: 128 -85 BC ?
Dating the late cistophori of Tralles: the ‘Ashton’s’ hoard
a hoard found a decade ago and then dispersed in the market
the burial date is to be dated to 90/89 BC it is datable through the presence of dated Ephesian
cistophori the most recent Trallian magistrate in the hoard is ΔΙΟΝ the most recent issue of ΔΙΟΝ is the one with the lyre as
control mark
Tralles pre-hoard magistrates (before 90/89 BC)
Magistrate Control MarksNumber of specimina in record per control mark
Number of specimina in Ashton's hoard
Total of specimina per magistrate
ΜΗΤΡ zebu bull standing on a meander pattern; right 3 1 3
ΣΩΧΑ female bust 3 1 3
ΑΡΠΑ winged caduceus 2 2 2
ΕΠΑ bust of Athena 2 2 2
ΑΠΟΛ eagle 4 3 24
ΠΑΜΜ armed figure standing 9 3 9
ΔΙΟΝ lyre 95 54 129
ΔΙΟΝ club 9 4 129
ΜΑΡΣ owl 7 4 7
ΑΘΗΝ fulmen/caduceus 11 5 11
ΜΕΝΑ filleted palm branch 7 5 13
ΦΙΛΙ bee 9 5 9
ΑΡΤΕ bust of Athena 12 8 12
Tralles post-hoard magistrates (after 90/89 BC)
Magistrate Control MarksNumber of specimina in record per control mark
Number of specimina in Ashton's hoard
Total of specimina per magistrate
ΑΜΝ incertum 1 0 1
ΑΠΟΛ hand holding a caduceus 19 0 24
ΑΤΤΑstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 16 0 16
ΔΙΟΝ herm 20 0 129
ΘΕΟΔ standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his left hand 10 0 10
ΜΕΝΑ female bust 3 0 13
ΜΕΝΑ none 3 0 13
ΠΡΥΤ cornucopiae 14 0 14
ΠΤΟΛstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 44 0 44
ΠΤΟΛ Βstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 23 0 23
ΠΤΟΛ Γstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 10 0 10
ΠΤΟΛ Δstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 16 0 16
ΠΤΟΛ Εstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 6 0 6
ΠΤΟΛ ς standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 7 0 7
ΠΤΟΛ Ζstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 2 0 2
ΠΤΟΛ Ηstanding Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 4 0 4
ΤΙΜΕ Artemis standing 43 0 43
Tralles pre- hoard magistrates
ΜΗΤΡ
ΑΡΠΑ
ΑΠΟΛ
ΜΑΡΣ
ΜΕΝ
Α fille
ted
bran
ch
ΑΡΤΕ
ΔΙΟΝ ly
re0
20
40
60
80
100
Number of specim-ina in record per control markNumber of specim-ina in Ashton's hoard
Tralles Magistrates in Ashton’s hoard
Number of specimina in Ashton's hoard
ΜΗΤΡΣΩΧΑΑΡΠΑΕΠΑΑΠΟΛΠΑΜΜΜΑΡΣΑΘΗΝ
filleted branchΜΕΝΑΦΙΛΙΑΡΤΕ
club ΔΙΟΝ
Dating the late cistophori of Tralles: the Karabey hoard
first published by Kurt Regling in 1932 (Frankfurter Muenzzeitung 3, 510-514)
from the province of Brussa, the ancient Mysa it consists of 271 coins:
• Ephesos 17• Nysa 2• Tralleis 90• Apameia 47• Laodikeia 1
the terminus post quem for the burial is 77/76 BC
Dating the late cistophori of Tralles: the Karabey hoard
after DE CALLATAY 1997, 178
Coin production in Tralles during the so-called Sullan Age
85/8
4 ΠΤΟ
Λ
84/8
3 ΠΤΟ
Λ Β
83/8
2 ΠΤΟ
Λ Γ
82/8
1 ΠΤΟ
Λ Δ
81/8
0 ΠΤΟ
Λ Ε
80/7
9 ΠΤΟ
Λ ϛ
79/7
8 ΠΤΟ
Λ Ζ
78/7
7 ΠΤΟ
Λ Η
77/7
6 ΠΤΟ
Λ Θ0
10
20
30
40
50
Number of specim-ina in Karabey hoardNumber of specim-ina in our collection
Coin production in Ephesus during Mithridatic wars
after DE CALLATAY 1997, 178
The die studyΑΘΗΝ fulmen/caduceus 11 5 11
ΑΜΝ incertum 1 0 1
ΑΠΟΛ hand holding a caduceus 19 0 24
ΑΠΟΛ eagle 4 3 24
ΑΡΠΑ winged caduceus 2 2 2
ΑΡΤΕ bust of Athena 12 8 12
ΑΤΤΑ standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 16 0 16
ΔΙΟΝ herm 20 0 129
ΔΙΟΝ club 9 4 129
ΔΙΟΝ lyre 95 54 129
ΕΠΑ bust of Athena 2 2 2
ΘΕΟΔ standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his left hand 10 0 10
ΜΑΡΣ owl 7 4 7
ΜΕΝΑ female bust 3 0 13
ΜΕΝΑ none 3 0 13
ΜΕΝΑ filleted palm branch 7 5 13
ΜΗΤΡ zebu bull standing on a meander pattern; right 3 1 3
ΠΑΜΜ armed figure standing 9 3 9
ΠΡΥΤ cornucopiae 14 0 14
ΠΤΟΛ standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 44 0 44
ΠΤΟΛ Β standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 23 0 23
ΠΤΟΛ Γ standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 10 0 10
ΠΤΟΛ Δ standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 16 0 16
ΠΤΟΛ Ε standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 6 0 6
ΠΤΟΛ Ζ standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 2 0 2
ΠΤΟΛ Η standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 4 0 4
ΠΤΟΛ ς standing Dionysus with thyrsus in his right hand, holding grape bunch in his left hand 7 0 7
ΣΩΧΑ female bust 3 1 3
ΤΙΜΕ Artemis standing 43 0 43
ΦΙΛΙ bee 9 5 9
What has already been done...Magistrate Control mark Number of
speciminaNumber of
obverse diesNumber of reverse dies
ΑΘΗΝ fulmen/caduceus 12 1 7
ΑΠΟΛhand holding a caduceus 19
5 (1 shared with MENA + filleted branch) 4
ΑΠΟΛ eagle 4 1 3
ΑΡΤΕ bust of Athena 13 2 5
ΔΙΟΝ club 92 (1 shared with ΔΙΟΝ +
lyre) 5
ΔΙΟΝ lyre 95 7 11
ΔΙΟΝ herm 186 (1 shared with ΔΙΟΝ +
lyre) 6
ΜΑΡΣ owl 8 1 5
ΜΕΝΑ female bust 33 (1 shared with MENA +
filleted branch) 1
ΜΕΝΑ none 32 (both shared with MENA
+ filleted branch) 2
ΜΕΝΑ filleted palm branch 8 3 2
ΠΡΥΤ cornucopiae 14 3 4
Coverage
Magistrate n d nd D rootD DrootD n-1 s
ΑΘΗΝ 12 1 12 14.568 1.197 13.371 0.897465 0.947346 0.85021 11 0.077292
ΑΠΟΛ 23 5 115 24.587 4.215 20.372 5.645003 2.375921 13.41208 22 0.60964
ΑΡΤΕ 13 2 26 14.612 2.032 12.58 2.066773 1.437627 2.971249 12 0.247604
ΔΙΟΝ 124 13 1612 132.556 10.959 121.597 13.25691 3.641003 48.26844 123 0.392426
ΜΑΡΣ8 1 8 9.712 1.197 8.515 0.939518 0.969288 0.910664 7 0.130095
ΜΕΝΑ14 5 70 14.966 4.215 10.751 6.511022 2.55167 16.61398 13 1.277999
ΠΡΥΤ14 3 42 15.736 3.048 12.688 3.310214 1.819399 6.022602 13 0.463277