lukacs georg ontology social being volume 1 hegel

7/27/2019 Lukacs Georg Ontology Social Being Volume 1 Hegel

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I\ I



HEGELS FALSE AND S

GEUE ONTOOGY



HEGL'S FALS ANDIS GUI OTOLOY

o Lk

ntd y vid h

EN PSSONDON



© .Jos Translation M"l Pm

Rpn Fs publd by

M"l P as Rd, Loon

SB 978-0-85036-226-

Pd G B b

Whble Wb K



ASLATORS O

t ors he hrd chper f P n f cork Toward h Oolo o o m scrp w cecd b h h hh

not y pepaed for pbcn. f c

ow thogh reerenc rm ener bee repaced b e ppp nc he drd Egsh trsans. A cnen s f h oos a whoe c be found he en f h m.

Eglsh Hege cb n cp sandarded d so n qn m n he insered he orgn erm e r f Ms •qe

of Hege' Docne of he Se u h r moe' for rer h h b htiquated oton he e pbm f slator s i of coe Ab; he cc e he rotse sbon, bu hen he ce slear ave prefrred h sraghod bon, mna Elish raders o re scn fm heeli idea o nderstd uomc he scsese o reeaio' and rasng o ne ee .



CONTENTS

Hg s Dctc ad ar of cotradctos '

Hgls Dctca Onoo d t 62

Rcon Dtrnons

Notes 14

Tod th noo o Soc BngGr onns 7



d ar radin'Clcl em Phooh ehbt a etan dvon

unning Kt theoet jeon of onoo o h ully vlv e ontoog of ege. etan th eon wasv ethn aout hown b th fa a 'l ctie aead ad no h am of oo

ch hlooh th n wa ed no oundtn f tu ea h nau of h bng ovd etd b ave aso d a dta w nt clsa eman hoo took u on aa ntlic obem of h nghnment hough of obn the two ood th ab of th ar' aza te Fenh vouon W o ak a otua

h nhtenmnt n o onooga on orsn nce mo a o onue h ne on o hlshca oema. mo to undrdHeglin hlohy ave n eaon o th du deaaone inin nd onlo o o eaon n a od h een had h

Fnh evouon o

cicly by ts deeny oned aeon razaonTh iin the evoluon n h fom onfrod a

Er h he obm o h deveong ougo n i immnent onadon n h fo of a wiy nt whh nhtnn' ra o ronh e cne t hooha hot oud no bu drbr k n.



Te spes d os dec e aco o s ne

saon o dey e oooca eevace of e aso

aoee epacg e o w aoals, he Rocs e pdaed e pese sae of aas n e od s codcoy chaace, and sot a ayback to the past, spposedly a e a of e d st n-codco hmoy Tnke ho conceve d he -

syle pese as soal oads a ee e am of eo a wod ovecoe e pese codcos epese ned a deen e acon; fo eaple Fce, oco e r e d hs o peod as ae of copee ckedness',bed hch hoeve soe e fe age of e ene

e of ea. (Te et tops say sot, ho copee ee as, ove pate of socalhsoy tha pceeded fo e cotadcos of e posevooa pesent and dcad h oecog of ese coadcos a fe pespecve Hel's specalposo eee ese o eees cosss e fac ae so o deosae plosophcay he pesence of a

e o eo e pese se c e o condco eeg e ce caego s o,ooocly as ell logcaly d epseologcaly Hegelas o ay e s coscos daecca aon e gea plosopes B e s e s sce Heacs foo codco foed e l ae oooca pncped no js soetg a ad soeo o oe o be ovecoe, a as sll e ce Scelg's neec

cocepon' Te fodaons of Hee's to a hscoadcto he bs of posoph, cobed h e a pese he ealzo of eo Te cobnato of he o h he es a n Heel oc and onoo ooee a foely nkno nacy ad es

Ts gave se o e appeace, hc fo a lon e domnaed he enay eval ve of Heel a s

phosop had acheved a cao of eo ad eay



L

hat d n e v er be e n pre ous atn w quite non-

probl ematic; it s ucnt � rc the _wde � pread idea f

hs p nlogism. On coser cons1dera10n h1s umty, w hether 1t

is fa sc nati ng or r e ee n, bras w , unity w hich

Mrxi s rtzed fro ts nce pn o p position f

sy sem a nd ethod, tun back 'nto f eet n

maeri listic sens e Hege 's am ha wa tding 'on its

hed. ' If Hegel s to be eecve oda a n f orce n

philosophica thougt d n the rea wor, nc

proceed further along e path ha h Marx cc

began. We must tr et Hee Mx hmf rea Rc:

' With e mer hat s ne ad c eveops

vigorously amid th e "nure of cntrcons u of the ontradic toy phe nomea.' Ths anure f conracons

makes its frst appearce n Hee ede of he contradictoy chaacer of the presen, n jt a prbm u, but qua as a probe of the r ef al, owvr ch, mar ontoc pnts f a y rsn, in fr t s cnceve as the nac

rlit s wo the foundaon n on of ly u ratioa ontooc thuh bu hu ntin eergence of conracon n h on hencefort for He e the unaton o a ectcaprocss stin fom iorc nature and pre ssn f ard,va life and society, o his summit.

T lry is us t rs ont f th mur f

nadictions' . Th e dynamic o a e ctca contracton

ly n bomi a th Heractu, nr asuccession of stage s in he comrehenson of h or n u , Cusnus but atherf e eave e the rl ino nsisn atmts of te oun Schenthe rs t uiation of ia ectc sequec nd re hstorctyI lon dati rady obtans ontoocaImporace, a he r el ve cle of hstory, hch cou neve

hav had b efore. Hee agai a ne moment of th



mue f cnacn' mmel face n he cnc en f h phph he focs n he pen c ne m n, n nh eec m e decc nece ubecmen ch n

ue, unn becenoc ccer n he e h, me concepncncel hn eep nub cnracon he peen c nl cque nune ngc ounn he bde beeen pa d fuue bu f he presen he e flmen of he nheren pene f he ecc,then h prces mus cme en n fulment, conequence f ben ulle, h p l

n the ntolgcal or re sel m abandon the specc ord oeent drected tords ts ntrnscenchen, d bece ee momen o selfreproducton o s cle on the ne h h nuaprocee f h n o ex, een a n a rete ner boh he onoenetc n phenec processe of le he chce h s t le xn sl, nt

absltel o. Bu t js certan on the other h hahe tenence h e the exsence f nddu pec n n a be en a enee dy for he oea prcess f re a hole

Ths lea, an he atep o e t a ente apoctc solton, necessl ae connuously n the phlosopy of st t es rse, for exaple, to the otared p cnceptons, ether hese are dreced

fos or bacs n tme Of cre the antnoesnole n responn o th em re nether hooenous no equent Up h e e a reeablshn pas e of aars mu necesarly hae anessently rratonast caacterunes the acarorentaon s sp ue to anaton, to a snertad of s on asc nentons, he ce t e

oensble ressctaton of nquy n the Renassace era



L

I these utop m t ren the pst, o mter hodeberte or ohs ths mh b, h he o den he otooc ersb of m d hece nd themseesrht from he stt n oppson o rton otoloI the orc' s tn mode, s eery the ce th romc eos, hs conrdcton becomes st more acute, snce orc eeopme s structured mostsct mer b he eersbt of m, ad so thto bc oooc pcpes come no soubytomc retonshp h one other Irrtosm, s ord e tht ses ou of s, c ony overcom these toes n shm-dectc d sophsc ts

capa ast reo s precsely desged to me solube cotrdcos of ths d vsh, d to dte o ths, o th cocepton a completey arbtrryer

The Ehement des of the rem of reo are fore mportt , both a eer phlosophc sese d fordestd Hee's o bsc cocepto For th

Ehtmn, reo e umt prcpe of bd bcom of ture d socey The t of phosophyi to dscover d eborate ths pcp, so tht socety lospod to te te d c g aw o atu.T aia ad atua oiid o tscydtia atr d aso i oa i o tuo a ftr ded d ot otologi aati-i o t prest Eigtt i iy a

ioo o ppaatio o F vouio ot awit g a phosopy o ts oqu.) tooowv tr es atio ta i ioubl o iai: ve th oiot o at ow old a and oit v hav deptd o it?

Ti io dio t ontologial abigity o tEigt t's cocpt of atu O t o ad atu

a oivd i t o t at dvot o t



OOL

nar cece nce Gaeo ad eon, pe obece,mae, aonomo ad a-e, hs prodn a ecre oc bass for a or ve hch acepee a eeoca ae hpmhccncps ha ha been nroce no he s of nare s maaed p heo on a sod onoocafoao, een f he age of nare as s essene on mechsc pncpes On he ohe h, hoeer,no onoo of soca beng cod be drectly dedced frohs cncepon of nare n o far as the Enghennt,bng tsef on sch eat forenner as Hobbes dSpnoza, s soht a any pc o contrc a nd

ontoo of nare and socey, ts concep of narsdden ende o ge trsfored fro the sponeosycea onoo of Geo d eton nto a vae concp(Ths radon of aagaaon streches rgh bac noae y The nconscos seos se of hese m excsve ehodologs, hose conradcoryaratr frr rorcd th fact that e concep

of natre ve s not jst on a jecve ogh,b raher on a sary ontao ojectve onoog of socal eng, s response for the dpest dcreances n he nghtenn orld rs d foro, the neablogh nconcos trston fro th atras treatentof natr o dat trat of octy d hstory Thfac at he raton go of Enlghtenent thcs ssto b a connaton of th ojctvy atrat

(chcy aert concepton of natr, and tha tactaly dos conan lnts of a ats docrn of socty, n no ay redc t cotradcton t v dpnt

od not e forgottn n th concpton ha regardsof l hese sol tno, th hlosophy of tEnlghtnt sll a cotato d on of ho

tendncs that, vr c th naanc, s o to6



dd d ed ooo o spp he

� d oog d heoo oe Be

this j h gre de h h ooo of soca be

od o he as of a ooo of

Eg e peos, ce o

oved he odo of he foe o he o y, oo homogeos o ec a d dd o ge o grp he ooo pcpe

q e h y The onoog

op of o oe h he oe

o pob o osa oogy o ddg s pcpe of

y I p he d n o e mech mesm dom a h oe o h deeo eo's deco of e daecc wh g fo he adpo of h coscous sm oy per ne, wee, f R4 v an sa o of he soc

i he o o he c necessity de pue f om ue , he hee wh bo away from the ae st ontolog of e time, i so a a a e a aory o e so humaist ' oe y u oos fo he ae s ontolog , d o he o po of idealist oopy o o v odoy h o ,bt thus a he more efectively.

ot h o p e of ,either in h M-Robpe e pe of Jacobins F Rvoo o he orse of he G Eg h Hd o K. I s sp ha wa nvodb hr, he He ge heo of �ature a n y, pe ciy bcaue it undrtook to Illuminate th poevouionary word i an -rom maner had

avoday o k ef up wh hs7



o W do o d o vg o g d o dd vid d K; ko ov dv ggv o dot aa pw o ovooa my Pnoenolo of Mind' poc aa Rod T Diene BewFih and hellin S, oov o yo jdd F lm (ly Hol)qt t, d fom m od olpcv d G d g W l a F m ofo o do to Gy' Hg odd F

g G d o p d,v f h too v d fo of o of '; Fc fo oc pcp of ojv', s Gy a f fo of jv fqlywo pcao'2 T k ow a Hgdd ot b G d of y d

ioy ov Fc ; oy fodoly o pooy d og xad oo dvop d ogzd o lodog y ol dvlo of To w av ad o o o a oo w gl' ol d g ho ly i o dcv

qto T comply o d oo o o vooy d ovooy o

W o d Hgl ooog of oly d coio o od gv y d o ommo od l o

a Bam' dd o K ooy



d o hess of phenomeno hn N ho fo Hee, h e me non vy h fo he ea phoophes f s naue, n s ne be

s od oh ooo pepaaon ds dvope of , soey, d hs o A s we g ms dveop ume una g o d soy hh nae poves a d psss ss d pehsoy fo um h s, he mnns he ea poressve d o h od ea, as as expee by he g f h Bu Hee oes fuhe, n so fa

s fo m s a mee bs pehso; d so eany deops de ou of xs so my uaaey new eoes,s d s h ony be dee fo ue n ade d ge sse, d n s oenne so s foms of hsoes fa beyon nue angss sef uavey fom The ambuy of

ed a vue onep n ode o ee d sn om Hees wo ew, wh husss onoo sep fo o e g e s xme e ow a e v s Hees oepon, eve e ed o he own spe mneg ss) T oss s a desv one fo se Hges ov hosoh s moe d os d ods soey d e gh, hh mes ov of he mbuy beweeng g d so d mo ouh' s of he s o he on of he ey pobems

v dy oed Hees phosopy ou o ade ompehenon o s ow

Ts d o oy o he dppeae of h9



ONTOLOGY

abos ar ogh', b aso o a ve ra reaoshp o a ogh' of y kd ege rejeed ay d oprory of e ogh' over he s' hs does o js gve hsree of soey ad hso posg objevy

speror o ere wshes desres he e ooog sready expressed hs, he ooog whose deqae opreheso s he proje a hres Hege's whoe hoh: e he era a oos poso of reay he whoe sse of egores, he oooa speroyof he facy of he rea word o a oher egoeswheer sbeve or objeve s o he es of ege'sge a ther ha he osoy reogzed hs

ooog probe a exreey er aer, soghto grp s f oseqees Th ft h h ooy oraor ofe exreey osse sotoseadg o resove oes, s sary oeed whe wa ha hs phosophy of hsory s oreed oardshe pree, sr opposo o boh pa a fre he ec ccs of e ogh' hs fors, as wee

kd of prer skrsh o hs desve bae o ooo oeporay wh he prese s srgg ovehe e of he ogh' s par of ege 's feog peagas a For , s exvey he ora ogh ' htves a's ooog poso re (sedreay O by fg he aegoa erave codoa d bsr ogh', ca rse hseabove he word of pheoea, wh hs heoy ssuperaby e, ad reae hsef o he (rasederey hoo omos Fo ee, however, the hoe oory s spy a par of h prae hh eds oo a ore gue ehs d he oy rea s e o toh' s so far expresses a dsrep btwee h w d yhg ha he eth she w beos dec h s oep d he et

poso of e ough' s hs overoe ev e od o 0



t W oy b b to e aeqae y t too ot o potn, t ty oo qto t or o E

t

y vdt t t tae tt bott ot g poopy e ha que tob

to t ta poton f he pt toogy W tt e ef ptt o popte to te ehc pe otoog t btn t ubt of pt d t o o h ot' ovo ot obtvely a fo t bt B

t l oto t He gv t t oogy o? W no tht v too o g ple e ye o t to o t e t qto y o t o t foo t o oy t of ge o t qto l ty t

dg qtly o a g yoo t t t o t tt t o b ab t t to tt o 82 to o t t toy t o o to tt ot e ne y toy 4 o t ove t oo o oy oty o adt o t

t tt d ogy o to o o oy o

o t o to ot otoog

y t to o ot t o o y t o v go of t o; tt eoog ot o og o o o of t

ov oto o



o d y dov of Heg' h ov o h o cd po oz oogc go d h hd ed e d Hg ' o Th oo bgHg hoy of hoy og od hodoo ; h o r o ocso Hegeo xh g d ds pur,h h ho fqy f o dp fom h odof h dd od d ody d oe re oe o od of d d dho fodd hodooy o o The o fo h f of h d he p o

d o y d o vo o h p hro Hg og Th gh o h gg o ooogy o oy do h dvd ogcgo he o y d h ex h oo d o hhh od o oed o od xyo h ooog ooo o r. We er

o d o g o of h o of og d ooo qo of Hg y d hod; h y dh o p of Hg og ovd h y o do o e y d o o f o h ov o o h vdo g dod h od ' og

Hg d h h d g h h o h dg oo) dg o h ohog o h v foogdo of h ogooog od of h oo ov of oo o ood oy y h o y o o og d

o ooogy y od



EE

I o o ply or Hgl d

v tout court, b ply do o hf

i ih illy o log vly

l

O o a a h aoy i h

o hioy hy olv I h

lu i o v ud

Hg g oooologl

ai o p d e kg o gv h a

ll lio ppo y h o o g

i vlvd h h gl oologl o oology o pl

i og o h g vhg opo h

lhd d p

y o o h opo of

by h h v o x o y o o gpo oly h oq o o

oi oologl o l y vl g oppod o h o d) goy o oldg lv g o go o yig g l vy olg o ig ga oa I l, , a oaly o-l i y l i h x s i mar d oon as pmary oy o H T B ly l x



ONOLOGY

n he ar ore complicaed relaionships of socihistorica aern this bstracion mus apear antiheticld closely linked wih movemen wih the dynaic chi the forms theelves a a higher level. Since he practicarelevant mode of appeaance depeds on the stcture of oveet ad what is oved, bo in is immedac and i1al mediate fors, he pesent c only have a relaipermanence fro e sadpoint of the onolog of soci• being, a stae i which his structure does no undero does no ee o undergo, any essntial ad percepiblchanges The prese in he hisorical sense can hus exeno enie period, an epoch even, and here can be o dub

ha Hegel undersood he present in his sense, even i never direcl expressed it in so m y words. This cnge i siicce encopasses boh fuure and pas in e soci being We can speak in a meaingfl sense o nuclei o th,

fuure ad residues o he pas in a resen o his ind, nascribe hese a re pacicl signicance Bu i should nee

be forgoten hat wha is nvoved here are specic fors o

becy of socal ben, hich onolocly ae umal�indissolubly based, no mae ho mediaed hey may be, 0the acua assae o ime Nure aleady povides a ceianalo Foms may have a isoy ih epochs and period we c see o examle in eology, nd as cn possibly bascerined aso in asonomy Here oo, hese peiods <

eochs ae elaed to suctul trasomions and sruca sabiliies o ma er and moion Ye h ecic accenuio

o he presen does no aise in his connecin This is onoloic result in social bein o e ac men behdierenly s a resul o scul siion o chae nhence clly reac bac on he basis o hei acice hrelaionshi o ime isel as medied comonen s suctures is arbitrarily seeed in hoh, hen e e goesue mode conces o ime hose naure, ro

Bergson oug o Heidee e ve ledy explin



HEGEL

I. [ a arg -poin of he se conce pt no

car 1er. •

I e py e e -his orcal rasormations of ·

1 d·

b'

b j i im , wh1h ar y r y con su �e ctve

cmponns , bu a hi futhe � (� re highly

b j ) a onl e o dvus. I

e me hs kn s now put foard a ontologicaly

pp d gu , n al objve hctristis of tim

ec saly oo on their hed.

W a h, a w hilosphi pects of th He gelin

o ad Id nd prsent tme should hv

bry xad. Th ce ption is itse l f socio-

y , a h rdicio ivolve d n ths

bss (mb wh Hg ' nnally ontrdicory relation- ) wa al oudaton of he ntnomis g W volved s th ondition of Germn a o-Nolonic period. T phosphy Phemlgy of Mind eds rom he bgs a Elhm nd the Fech rvoutio, G ma caicl poetry nd philosophy, of othe

Hg . T ar h concluds th hitorc eve op- ( fllowd by h men re cpitution -ollio' ) , s dsrp tion of how the �'h v d Napoleonic sque were trfrme Ga l . I i hi poem ht giv se to the , i aio d sf-attame nt I ly d w have hre the ing uis tic c f g a work, b imultnously lo the

a b a po of ge upsurg e ht was id b wold sol' whom He g e hd bak i J a, ad who e me d lld upon to h n Gan whdnss. In the Science of Lo gic a ad aady ch of h sre nd becom hy ba v mo posic, i P . a�el h Hgl hd o e plc Npoeon bf

c W ih lm li

in h qaion: Id=

prse nt. But a

15



so v o ostvto i v t oi iloso o t ssstt t t liis sd im of iis to of sto to ifl oosit io t istoy At tt o t Jl volto ot o isis i ivytig tt old ois v vid ss to v t i qstio7 tsim o o o is lostdsis dd Gs o t Jly volto g tdssoto o Hgls

s t o i of os s to tl ott o t t of Hl's ilosold idits t t o its itrsi otditio

sos tt t is ot ossl to v idvid sstiostodool ositios t o Hgl's s ot d ot livig d t dd' i is systm ot ll std t t s gt Hgl d t so t isl td tot d itd sto to so is tot oits t yo ft iloso d it dis ot i lid l

st os ty t o t o o is s edy t s tqso o ov o d d s v to s' itis o oosio t sst d tod ovds otto to o tt stio s to td tss o t stdoit Hl's sstm t stdsls dl d loil oy o soit d sttd t slt o ts o ti is tt t sttot' loss ll ss o ttii t si t st ts oild t t d Mtodologill ovi o t stdoit of t i dit of t oos of tis o fd t isol o ioill otditios Ts otdtosditl ogt fom o of t most ossiv sts of

Hl's loso H s t st si t tk o t



EE

o t itt t ot oly iooad t

;es of csical Engih economics-from Steuart nd Smth

o Rardo-i is losoy o sor t mad

jtivis d loshps this hd disov�� to oi

o ois d1al. Hl ts x b1 a mo o

a otio o t imota o t stt ad

dami o mod boos o l soity as t bass o

t i ossibl to s bot t st i t istoi

T at tat H maid bid is os

" ot gs o t om d v mo so

ind t tons dos no ndmnlly n

i t of is t lss o so f s l s o

ii to dr t ooi oq o isovs . ( Forir rtny did m n bt

zto o ti d so sl movd

o t r Eo dvlomt o t oy o

o t ty v so mid qut tott losoi ysis d it sm o t toii Foi's oom d soil oto o t st

old o o t most mrtt tks tody o tisto o itt ty ilosoy) oio o t st s t sd o

v st s o ti otdto H o ood it t s otdois vd disd i dit to l om Ho o d s t isti dio o oo o i s i t tis is ot o t dt o dvid vio t vs s ol s s o o tlaity oiv vsty i lto to t idividls 8 vit o t oos s o o dvlodo o mmt diti o ti H imsl d ti m is ot Bt i dvoi s

dtl o totit t iil o tl s



OTOLOGY

ov ito ivsit to iiat as tato t os it attai its tt t it to i itsositiv tait is titld is aa idiats tat tatiosi o ogois soit a ogois stt isoiv i o-si a ai fio aasot ia sa o t stat At rst sigt tiso s to sil a istoial oditiod imi tatioof Hg's otio o t lassial ooists tmsvs to t gasd tis alold latiosi ao aqatl i o a aa o t istoiaat o ti atois t at took ts to tso os osoig to aso tis st t

iloso o at as ooil a vy akdot as sio to is ooi ts H saa tat tis atiait i took ttgorial aatisti o ogois soit as a sit o t st : to is as t fodtiod a o t otoay soia fos i stitotst to t tiq pol, i i tiait

aa as vasio o ta oo as ttiat as o tat o's oal'1 0 T siitatios o H's otio a vit at i ttasitio o iv soit to t stat i t atisiof t o to t att o Ma o a a iosoi mtiist a sa tis otaitio i t Hglia sst d ssd it s oos:H as asd is agt o t assmtio o t

eparaio o ivi soit a t oitia stat a ooo as o o to so it to a ecarmome o h dea t asot tt o aso H asoosd t asolt ivsl itst o t stat to tatia itsts d ds of ivi soity a o: atv oit a atttio to t coic t tstat a iv soit' ot t o t atio is

t ais t no sartio o civl ad poliical lie H



HEEL

ak s the Esates to te e x p esso of e separtion, b

� ute osy he y sppose d to e pe e de nSli

, 11

one which doe s ot x 1st.

It woud b supe rc, d wo condc h s

dt Mrx 's citics, o spy se e hs

accoodation by He ge to he Ps ste of h e .

Ecooc l f n pc, th b s o cv soce y H e ge

tts th cycs' e ce of Rcdo. As I he

t t s qsto i de l y book o Hege,12 s qotton fro h P hlosophy of Right w hve o

s r : 'It hece be coe s ppe dspe

xss o wth cv socy s o h enogh, .e s on

sos sufct to chck xce ssve povey d e to o os bb . '

13 The youg Mx tted ts qsto too puey objctve fho, poce edngo t t os o Heg's e hodoo Fo thsso ss ecss to qote e os posts o Mxs tn of tought soe gh The y v soty k hlvs to t se. y

t drv for. Accordng to Heel, howvr, hey e produced y t r Ida; it is not the cors of the o tt jons tm togth to compse the stte, bt he o Ida wich h dis tingished hem frm itself.

T oo t t s o ts Id; the y td or tr x stc to nd or t hro t ot s-dt t std dted oth o hs o thy d "td th

al Ia's" ow fnite phae. The go of ther ex stece so tt x s t ts; st t I s ts ts o ts ts rss " ordr to rs ov ts rty do x t t d ." I ot wods thpotal sa ot xt wtout t turl basis of h � t t ss o v socty. Thse tssme qua non; d yt t odto s ostd thoto

, th odu as th podut . . Th become s 9



ONLGY

phoo, b h d s o co o dbov hs phoo Th oov, hs o gobod h oc o o "bco xpc d hs pph w d s ou h who sof h Piloopy o Rig d o 's phosop g ' Ts h foowg s f h coso og's ss: T h so dos o s o hpaiu o h y , d h p of h s, b o h unival oshp o omd niy W d xc h s pocss o Loc h so fo h sph of Essc o hof h ocp h Piloopy o Nau, h s

so c b obsd fo oc o sws h s cos wch d o spp owo sph d ow oh wh so Th pob sy o dscov h ppop bs ds o h ndvd coc os x's ss hwho pob s foows Th coc of phosoph s oh oc of h sbj b sbj of

ogc gc os o pov poo o s spovs poof o f og 1 4Fo odys d o v o o og p o o

Ks xs g y pp vy sp: hog Hg dvop s o vod h fcss of ospo o T og pvps s c, w v s oopy dd o ody of d sppo sp d sp s T so sq d , v s sy c sp Hgso o wos s s sog wch x oos so sv w o s obov d d o wos o s o ogc sos ss o o og b spb o o o ooo o

s s o ooo o-



HEGEL

hp o he aeuae e exp

of og ae es, e es

e goes e oe sp a

ogh, bu s ae b ues a a

o of e, saes sp a as

e e f -aame o M. Tus e me s

hae area oe aos, e a as ag, a fom he o o oes, wo reogze pese ee' sse ooy p foa a o e a uber f w T bs of hs ous of e oes

om he f a bo ase f e ae ee y fa e so of psp s oee.Hg' nr phosop expee e w ha of he

gd of he pseoa e. Jus he gm phoope wee eep a e for of he feuabous w wouy rae a rea of eas, ee wa saod a hs o eaeof e o e eae

pey be o be s o e Prefae e Pomnoo of: o dl o ee ha o epo a bre o o o Th p of hs bro h o o o g hihero pevalg, d h h od o g, d e m o e hem a sk o o d o abou o sformation. ' 1 5

g v m f o projeae, o t ompoas; h was aoo h to d omprhesve see of ra, a tv gr for g ry lke of h v ot b ay hkr c Aro. g of ray or of dd o ro h paag phoopha

tt toy h h approrao of h



fcs hes h cc cnsn f he fc pn f h n. T s spn hs mphns , bcm eme nns e f h cnc c

nmc f becs, ns n pcss. h pm cncn h p b h pesen sef he n n he nr n n nnd, e he cncn bn bh f hes he bc pce erm f he me, hch hee e chcere b en men psuehe emp p hese s cndc fcs dnences h ny f he fcc s h e hs

c f cncns, hch epresse seffo he rsme n e hs f hhn ees nrnsc mc pcesse meh, n he ee f nes hsc mon n cncns hs s he rse he Bcch 6 f cnceps sfeqen menne, behn hch hre s s smehn profun rn t wr he moemen n thouht,

nn, judemen sysm s n he men sde f he ntense nn f bec, ren pcess he prcess chcr f hugh s n h cnseqence of the pcess chrcter f re Scenc phsphclee s no more th bndnmen t the ve fe of he objec'1 he resn for ths s th t s neer he mere esut [ th s tned n the cncrete he sef, but the result n wh the process f ng t the nedest s the corpse f th system wch hs left ts gudngendecy behnd ' Ths represents ret step ford nhe drecon of completey new onoo True reltyppes here cncrete becmn, d eness s the ntoc dervn o objecy whout hchln precnn hs w ne remn ncompensble eforme rd. The re cncudng wor of

e's rly velpment, the Pomenolo, reves thee 22



EE

·s ll sds Egls dy otly mkd tt g

�s t rst to s to t ot v dym y

's otogt d yot dvomt.9 S

s l o oslvs dt t sod stio t

taqstos o Hgl 's w otoogy, ts mks

s illstto o ts itr tdy

Hel's phiosophizing.

t old oos rto to mt ttt v dsd gs sod otoogy osidt o t st mtod ad md tyst t oty ot os mty d

tily d dd soly ll oty romt s so d ty std to to otr t t oqst d t ito o ts tyis y lto o o o ts otv ormss tilly odd trog t dym d dtloss o tol dvlomt ot o dtr s Hgl's s olm o t old's ost

vt rst old t rzto o t m os d d to so v ts r otrdtoss to mo d s t ork sgt otmorayts t st tt t lgtmt d stv o st ts o togt v dy st l dod t gtmts sotd s t it o o d t tot sg tsst tt t i tt t rm o so s t ot tslvs i t i l tvty T t tt Hgl l t rto gosm tt tlgtmt d t t osto moovd stk i oom to rsy rovddt dl o tis otot t m sos t tt lk t t gtt) o ysd ts tis-sdss t t md t

d d o ot st t tt



ONTOLGY

ohg h b ccophd wou r o pro h cors; d s b cd pso w r bsou h nohing ea in e l bccopsh wou pion.20 h br, p pofu of h s cd hr o h Egh rd srov for, hou ogr occo v pur opfoo v wh H, h p r p ppoxo dos o uro rou p prc fro h sv d pc.Hg's p o cocv d pc h wor of hssdd d sfcrd w oh h o fr

rch dvc o fr udr rcoWh w rfr o s Hg's co ooo o

roos s vw of h word Wh ur w ocs s or h Egh, o {Ge(h d ro for Hg, r w cordco hs r bov w w ovg d ovd corco of h g o

sf h procs of crg d coprhd h wod, cocpos of h cordco of h poc f,o cordcos s cocpo (W co o odscss h r h Phenomenolo H dp poss o h o h cosousss ou of ro b 's hr prdspoo d ho h s pr ur v d pr crb hs ow cv how coscouss vop o

of sfcosco s rsu of sr ro o hghr ordr, how hs procss of hu dvopgvs s o d h drg pcp of sh spcc Toghr wh d, d hus of ousso wh ph d o d h dcc pcph osu ohr udd coro oHg' ooogc oro so rg: r cor

dcos h cocpo of d sf24



HEGEL

T oot of ts otdtio lis t rlto t

�d sot Hg dos ot d from te oetiv� sp us e se e k to ve m ontoloy t · d f b

·

tooos f o s m , o so1 g-w tvr 1t my

� ts f-ostly ave e x iste c wi s

t o th divda consciose ss f pticul mn,

s g v of toomosy deteming d

td dyi i re tio to te ndvdu . Bt t

os ot g t ft tt te move me nt of tis dymi

s s sytsis of indvidu ts d pssion et., for

tog ts tly oce ed (bt ol direty ! ) fom t

vl ososss, te use s slts r stil v

l stt o t te idivid msf tougt ,flt o tdd. If ts strt s dy pst n t

of t dvd l ososnss, c oly e x st

so otx t, t s se t in qattively more te vios di ts re insep etnedtogt to od soci movemt, o mtter etet vdl tded to sot ot o

t t dted gst o ot. Hee i t solt jstbl fom te stdont o ontoo of so ng to sie tis totity, ts dynmic nd otto tonsip of invual cts, ing sui generis.

I t Phenomeolog, i tcul, Hg s co lty lar to ts nspae inteonnton etwn te ndvdual nd socity: 'Thi ubstc [pirt ] s lke ws the nvs out, wougt d crt by t ction of e c , ostttg teir unt d ikss ad ietityof mng; fo it s se f-e stnc, te slf , ction. Quasst, spt s nnding se f -smness slf -idntt ; ut �ua f o ts, slx istnce ad e f -dte mnd [ Fursichsein J,Is cotnuty s rsolvd into discrt e eme nts it s the se f s so o gooss e be vot sse �tl tu i w

ls s own i wok, e s t ontim 5



ONOLOY

o t vs sbst, ts s ow s o t i

oto o t ss to v os s jst t

t o t st to t srt sl o ll t svr idividls ; t is t ovig sol o t tsub t sultt ivsl siritl ig jst b ecau s

tis sst s ig solv i t sl it is ot li lsss t t liv '2 1 t tt its sl·sotd sbsttt l is ti o·

sis dos stll ot dstoy t ot ootio o soil o ld Hgl is lso olt l o t groud o t old ss t w i t d r a alo t idiy o t t ltos tt ti

i i t sstl st o soil ig o tritio o idivid i id i is iloop oto Sii t is sstil slt o its o ivi it tity is t tsdg o imdit sil tistnt gtio o tt st d t tinto i tsl 2 os t lt vlot o tPiloso o Hto till t iloso of

R, t o o d oolly o v ot vs 'tisizd d idid st t s sv o its y n a �ontos t t tvt o dvs o w v � gtly dsv os s l - o n s o u s n s�i sts l o tsl t si ooto t ostto tl l sot s to otl olsd t vst o te otl diti o os o ssotg

ls t dilt o soit d istoy o os t qstio s to o s igidto

d distoto o Hgls stol dti ot o o to tt ol o os tt l srid Hgls so otology ligttil o t ovdd ss o t ltosis it td d o ts o sst o tt o

o tl ottos t s i ot ssl



HEEL

t t objct a tt obt o o oma m ceto o natr mot tl a o a

tchc matra o w o at b

: ta o t o to

c looa t m T t t , o o a t lt wo nw ut otao sh l at oa aa totlo r t : w mt o c om (m mam o m,clsil rm hoo a to trapo ow

of t t losopha a o am, n o t ls omogo c o na sociey. ct S ma atm suh losohca mataton wa mmanew in 's attmpt tm tha unrtoo t th n tog a loa ba T , I a wn dil 23 n momnt n a G

philospy; t, Fct Shlng oo or t omaogi o to tm n t njudgmns t but t x at th ha to a n y tol oopc trms tat wrnily t of ths ogc t wa on wt gl lgi, l o b m a ctca om,bm r f t ontl

T c c mrg t th bging H's ork nc of Schng' lsp i t gnst ct' t rt tora i fs jctv sm ast th subjct m Kn t ct grchs bck rormmatcall toS ns ci 4 Tu s ot mto m a� bu r sohr', a prooton of S nza ms csv r t s olmc: "T

d ct f (o t subjct) "s t



a h nncn n th bctvn t h bc a h bc , h a onnc n th a a ctVnan cpn a ctnan. 2 5 h t pna was c ' h f nw a p n t hh. aa pna' n pn ncntn h a pba b atc n h w w pativ it , w hn hn aua ht w n wh h nhnn' h s ht th

bjctv bjctv ont c bch aa n ah, b un poloc ta ccnc h cin wh bc In f a l atacn h ' h o

wl, h c nt, a as t ( h a s oui cu b cbn wth ss pu f ss th f ss st stoloc

noloc subjc f h Ficht, bu aah ob an th h ntt f bct bc, n fh xnn chln' pth . nau a, n ubc bjc, h n cticontc f t possb, f h qus th o nw ar n. 26

Wth th nt t of subjct bc w v c tpint a hch wha w hv c 's sc ntoo

wh s tnab chac a ts appac. Fojus h nghn' chc octr ncapab of xpan h cc c n th suc of h bcts hat s pn of hi th ol, so th th f t c subjct objct phisophic h which h t vit th bsc otgc facts t chv its itn ncation of subjct

objct. n, at lt povsly, a hsh jd



L

tory w o not Jo gt of t prov

o t •

c opn nw at or nowl T rfn to

; �oz w n at no ant : t tmat tn

� ubjct, t npab raonp to t rl wor 0 f objct,

t o aqut onp o t

�or rom t trconnecton f two t- ret

v tog t wa xpr r n t form of

loopca mt, nrt or trony rct

tow t objtv rty t w Kt ' ptemoog f

tcnta bjctm, vn tog e rmtt

rctc of mipulton t t prcti mpir ve. T

trgy o cc Grman poopy- trm of t

story o ploopyan of g n prtcr s rclytt te ttmpt to ovcom bot te mtc pct

o mtrm t trace nta bjctt o Knt sm t w forc nto pot ng te ntty of subjct objct, t to poton wc wa not oly ntnabl tsl from te tnpont of rtc ontolo, btc lo blong m repct to pt p

ro o n wc t rntto to t poit o t-tss twn mtra m d dm d not yt soca vlop w t ca n t Enlgtnmnt

s s o so w Hg' cor to po sv mo qtonbl t w Spoz' orglthss n hs ow tm. Bt th bcam f mor qtonble n H 's own ca, or vo nt-lat rason. T t o ts a tat t tty o te o a comba-to o thngs ad ide , taken f rom Spinoza' statcoo rt 'more eometnco

, s b t o screpnc t t org mol t rcv o Hgl tocl ynmc crctr. T

'more

metrico 'ct otoogcal twlgt t rlt

I to that w poib in Spnoza's prod, p tculaly�us te tur cnc of tt tm coul pc o Jet

Vtes d r ntrconnctns far mo go-2



ONOO

etc t possible t te t. Even f he pyscsof Heels tie ot yet ueon ecv sfoto, te ie of cic ceis, h ce n hre of bioogy, etc., h lay cnab ac he pictue of ntue fo tht of Spina a. h con inhe tetet of oci pnoe w ponouce.Te istinctio betee coect ncoct, e f,goo b, ec, whch in Spn w ce, ubiousy logc etcly b, ac e ync stc chce n h w f he nchevolutin, t w not the le f ' achvs, gns is gnct cotp, ha e

cively, in he o cophen pfune, e copx t conc pbe. g e p to Spn n he x h w ubove, whc stil atets a cn c wh Schg, gh s e h pc uny f ubcd obcty n eoc pon f epue b y n h x h ha pc

fu tors t of ubct bc, n ne a w wgh, n whch th av nlogc eny bwn obc e wipeptb, vse n h fce of h ng unanof ne ync nowleg.

t i o plc he to psn, evn n th befest way,te velopent of te ntc subcbc ncy. Ou t a h on p hw

wa cunc h cncpn ha fo ' nl.t sou a b n t vn h f oe cuto t c w Sch. Wh fchng, h nc bwn nar h huw w ha h nca ubcobc w n h f cocu, n he a h cncu f obectvy, cnncon, v, c., not

ecoe n nu y n of ctve ubctv pncpe.0



GL

stl jor tp o o cllng, r tb ntur to b co i ts ubjctfr f itnce, copltl nint to bjctivtvn , w l , o ontogcl il untn. tllos o ths, s r t knowg ntur onc, tht w t bck ro ntura bjct, lan th juting osv to th. 2 7 hv ise, in cntrt to th Rtic ntur phioph, t coct io o ntu a hol, of th pibt odty o atal knowg, tht coul in no p untl obstacl r th objctiv, sthoohg thod, o an prticu ustio of cintic rch.

Th eston to hthe n how fr g hr th roug t t v thn osb i out thop o this invt igtn, ti th cptnc thnt utho t i crtn i ipl tht th bconcpton jst ittl xclu o, nturacntctetnt th anti, with t pttoogcal it nction tht for t th bjct o nwg

i p h wor f phon, whl or g t tnc being i tftu tl rcvs t lost c in th nt

c c o vlo o dc ubctjct to its slfttt Nte hs st itlf d i t o of oth ic thero th Ia sh ntve of it, o i xtl to tl tu i ntl t lato to ths d d to ts ubjctvstc piit) t trut s rthe tht xtlysttuts th pcc chcte ich Ntu, atur, ists. ' 21 As He ge l ts t s Scince of Log, Th t otc of atu, tht it cot dh t n xhbt stctss o t tion d s wl ths bntionl [bo] ultplcit' Tis h vr fr-racinoscs o t ol Hgli cocto f tu.

osly follog o t ssg d bov, gl sss



ONTOLOGY

t v cll l Te i l l ge c s not eseee ni tn tcaci ci o it ts ttis Bot iew tcs inkig te ti s bt t rest tf c t bcse te the side its ltalit T t s st ow ste t c l bd its iee t t e elsbitt ivs ter ecesit gec cceii wic weve s t b tk r e t te bstct act f oige19 W cant d d ttd t ci in r dt e the qnce thi ttingoint o ge's il t ld

sil b nted tat t i e secic cctetic tontlgc minati t tt hi t qetat aks it imible r Hegl t ceiv cogize t iticit of nat Eve tg ws i self a atbaking tot of histcit in t l cit vtug t t vti w ld t duh cotmo of gl Gothe Okn in Gm

ack n Goo ilai Fc a alciev c tow its estit Hgl il nl obliios t tis sti t ntjct t obl s T w volti wictt te ifct less ws t stt s t liqi elee es rs ie wt t vve lts s llcs nl ss ten e e we evlv d

is n l t l i ce Ts ti i cd elti tdi t is ctin w cs te il t t still ises Bt tg tis ntittve ice i l tis te ist t st it esnt ell li t ll '30

3



ave o aive at oe of the ost potataictios Hee's otoo the chaactestcs of , etee ecise by the pace that atue hos teel questioable heach that thus ases, e

etu t sotl Fst, so ofte th ee, e have

icate te otloc heath coect obvese of eea cceptio of atue, eve thouh the evato ecutio of tis cocepto eas o the ote h nto ith of eslvable otoloica toes What e ee e the cosequeces of such a cocepto ate fo a a fo hua actvit. t as Epcuus Heel i a paces og ujustabl

s, ho st fouate the pcatios of thss toas atue fo etics Peope ho keel ell have coectl uestoo a aee th ths f s otoo of natue. As Hech ee ecs hso speaki of a covesato th ee Oe e, iht e stoo togethe at the o a oung of tetto ho ha just eate e a k

e soke ethusatca about te sts efee to as te aboe of the besse The te, hoeve, ttee to hsef: The stas , h h! The sta ae just a lepos o eave o ods sae, ce, st ha lac u tee, hee vtue c be eeftr deat? e, eve, lookig e at e th hs es said cttl So, u at soe k of tp fol kg afte o sck othe o fo ot av osoeyur othe? 31 fa also ects, i hs ecolectios ofte ea epeat the epesso o f Heel tful aste i hilosoph Eve the cia thouht illai s eate a oe suble tha a the oesf ve '32 Te e a just epas of ee bt a eea fe of te te Eve the ouGth a etus sa



ONOLOY

W haen diese See drenFr ein Rec a michDass sie mich egaen ?

ad i his Harzrise im Winr'

Hine ihm sclagenDie Srache usammen,Das Gras seh ieder au b

Wh iht ovr Hv ths str abov,Tht th should p t ?'

b Th bushs closTothr bhin h,Th s ss up n . . . '

is thc rvv of pcu, whch w wth nh nn no hsorcl conou, but fo th

thorticll piv tdc, brouht to n thintrit prio of pnthis n phosoph. Th tonoloc volution o th Rssc ssnil stodth phosophic tht th ron nov n hnstnc ctio th prodc of rous rnscnc. bsc tc, howr, th crcptons, w to plc otcal , rliouswor w b on th , thouh fotn opn to th

wo, w s oftn rlou. I spontous hppntht whl h trscnnt God ppa fro ontolo,o t lt f to coplt nonobcti, h aspc, wth c cptons, b a sive nauaWhn chopnhr schvous b nnous clpths pot ths, h chctd ntnnc vo n t, v f onl spclly Wht

pps as th icto' of tur, fro Gorno Bno4



HEEL

Spa , w , c whsc p, a a ac w, a a i a e a a. p aa

chc, pap n bca f hi, i ha i n a

e ca b iw f w. I a p c a a wa he i pan h cn hpp cin h nw an na a h Cpc a, h w a a awo f ca cncin ainof a a in n a

o h h a ejcn n pac ce b he vw f n phi is h a p sc a han h n c, cncn w h an, nnhn ppi w. (, , Geh' om p n. Of c can cc c hee h vepn f hs nc. b

en, h, h ch f phi wa fnse an , n h wy k pan fnsf an h h , w b. a n e n he sen he he yn Schn. cepn f n he I is hes, . f ae ncy f he sbc, c n of pes pce eel phlphy f ne ni espc he s f n Epice er. h s c ny pp ph. W hvley nc he ec ls o Hee' cncepn f , shal se l h lvb n ha cnan f h p w in ce

e he js scbe he cncpn f na ', n hs ephi scin f h e

r h by he scnce by phlsphcl�5



at nn h pont. (at th at phst ncn twa ch acncptn n n wa ac h cncn, hth act tha h cncpton n wa a t t. h nctn btwn tann tn nn n a p nca n s th ac ctc cncan hnc sbctbc n a pc n whch h bc pps t ts ts nt sbct . cn hnc h pn h a h n bstanc t bct a w'. h n banc . . tat bn whch bc, , wha h a h,

aca o n h pc pnt, n an ts s ts anstns n sat ptn h ppos. ' t s h pcss t swn bcn, h cc whch ppps t n a tps, h n f t bnnn bccnc act n b bn c an b hn n. '3 hs an sbc bac n

subct wou b a tica wn f H ha cnstnt ca it thh n ntoca ns BtH was awa f to ca tc to o th.n h t in th Pheomeolo h f btc nt bct, th c b no ob ha h h nn th cpt (absolt n f th sbstc bth bct, hcho a p ntca tpntnot th sa thn th abstact pca th.

H as: o bn , th, t s n h abtactonts that bn t concns cncn hsbstc. Bt nc hs onts p actts t o ar b th nat, cnconsnch tf t h to fo conscsn h ntsbtc, a abb nto sf h nt tct hsbstc th a t csttnt nt . . . poc th

nts ot of tsf thb nstat th onc 36



L

f t34

obe cs o conscousne ss.

he e enon o sefconscosness rese here s eae coser more concree, s st a ere sc onooc c, bu so prob h ram of nowee; s, Hee sas, h epnnueung o sefconscousness whch estabsheshoo.' 3 Bu espe hs epsemoloc reseaon nta por parcar ces, wou be wrong om ha Heel's bc onologca ea exse meret hs raonn maon n fac, hs entre eo bjc neer abons te procame onoocs hch s wh he crtcs of he oung arx n hs

nmi and Philosophal ausps beas on e cenre ts lc onoo: t s terefore ueson o the oje o oiousness. Ojeiy as sucis a esanged uman reatonsp whch oes nospn to human naue, to selfconscousness. he pprpion of the obectve essence of ma, prouce n m of esrangeen someth aen, erefore mes

c t l esageme bt s jeiy.t s t sa m s r n-oeive, spiual ' But t ssblt tt Heel does rove t rcctac r omg of estranemen, naure sti l l mas nsrpsa str hc here aheres l ts rlr m tlc trmts t saur a xtrml rxrt stsm

s alr s tt ls tl f tc sbjctbjct a t trasrmt sbsace sbjct a rc lca uat W a mt t ct tat ts clt towars l bs lc a t c c ts u xs l lca cat a lc l stas al t lmt clscl

s Ts t su t tat37



OOL

Heel one n cnneco th hs ew owlee of he worl, l he founos of ew deccl loc, whle on he oher hn n so fr s hs ew loc s he vehcle of expresson for hs new oolo he local ceoes e overburene wh oologcl cones onolocalrelons e bul no her coecons unccepble w, whle he sme me he mos mpor newonooc nns re m ws dsored b besueee no loc forms Here we hve o e ssue bove l h e nomes hus s he e of oolo; f he mos essel d cpato onoogcascoees of Heel e coceed we shl del wh hem

he nex seco hese aomes re rs of ll product of he pecul of he Heela loc hs s teded o the oe h o presee he specc of logc t the hherlevel of he ecc e to epress he mos eeralzerelonshps of re the medum of pre ought Ohe oher h however cotr o ll rdo loc,f h e-ede f f e

of he re world her relaoshps ec s ml gve s bs for elborng seccll locl forms the Heellogc, sce t s spposed to e he me tme otolog epsemolo) ie self the ppece of ot stccepg these obecs etc d smpl tretg themlgcl but of be t let coexstet wth them Te objecs should o just obt loc rderi specco hs dscple bu rher er rel r s supposed se for the rs me t erfected rgemet Thalre h the result tht the Hegel lgc besdes seue welth of cegoe so res obecs of he reworl d her reloss s logcl ectvt deloshps eve thog logc c e oe omet of he dd ese d cosuto Thus for el trc d elso

see momes of beflf lthh certl



HGL

v logcal eltonshps ae scuse well s ots Wt s pps most stng s an empe pptl flls o t oppost se rean the g of dtmt ng Hegl sas: t s n mere

b, {Denj, etmoogc aen

bng i c pace; t th e of space s rreehre Kta o pomeolost woul ae beenae o s t sam tough e sough o puf oc ll pscologca components But what noe hre sno d of spc t rte the ueson wher e here los to sset oectve orm f eternae ng fom loc c den ts ut enn

oolocl oct cot fo otoocal ere sno t wtot ts re n now. ee of

cu kw t s v well t t ontolo of he encoc wc space tme ol appear aferogc s n completd the phlosoph of naurefo m fom cocdng ts Ths e m of wh m po qstos fom the ontoogc

pot, s two otoloes stan oppose o one anherc t d dmagg e otTi etodolocl scton ecome mre ace n

e oc s smtos a heo o knwdge. s s o cos o Kts snse of the te ptclly ot t ss of s sccesor The oc o lo cl fod o of detc sujectojec ecue 'c ic sm of ts k of epstemoo. t s o

qui o pstmoog of mmessat et not n a ci o db wwch wou hae he of lii corpodc etwee the reecton e iil xst t On ts ueson he reacon l dsoo of Hegeasm often saw tpk o Hs dosmt te njusta he m i of t ot of trsc exstence no

y g i s ccl dogmsm ege wa procees3



ONTOLY

from e esve of a ntsc exsece, scompletel aare o e merel approxmae caracer of eve act of oege; n fac t s prcse hs met tat he place th approxmaton n the cnr of hs aectcalepstemoo Smp becas of hs pstemolog acrea rac ne an extreme ft fu heme , ch hoeverco on lossom out l n the coscosl mmetcepstemoog of aectca materasm. Bt the aectcsef hch n characte Hges pstmoo sabe to reguate epstemolo at some ver essenta pots whrespect to certa fdamel mportat a coecrelatoshps whn s coect ma penent o

ooo that s fathfl to reat am refeng n partcaleavg ae for the tme beg frther etals that wll e scusse ater, to te aecc conecto of uersta g reon, where egel mage o resov, t oe blo t r, the trt ona fs noms bwe overextee ratonasm the alse atonsm evelope opposo to ths

Despte ts mportat teento of epstemologcaperspecves Heges otologca ogc, ecsve anomesevertheess arse a reslt of ontooca facts begsset storte b ter costcto to ogcafoasm Here c ol ea w to sc cesatog te e extreme mport oes; a realcompreesve exposure of te probems sng here worere a comprehensve preseaton of the whoe of Hegel' s

logc Th rs of hese usons coces the roe of egaton te namc reato of the aectc ForHege, as for e woe of ater ogc, Spnoas omndeerminaio e negaio ' s of ecsve mportce, forprecsel n hs c egaton he negaton of thnegato, e fnmenta motors of the ectca movemet of cocepts. Ts s ste both oca a

epstemoogc. he esto ow s heter s versa4



HGL

so hos for ontoog Hegel iself s to gret etentl abou he culties th se ere Rgt t te strt s ceee ervion of becomig fro the ilectic eng an nothng he stresses ht t oting present ere no the nothig of pril soethg, termnte nothng', bt rther otig i i ts iermnate specc' It s evet, hoever, eve for i,t f he nothng remne smpl nothin, the omin cou never be erve from t (even logicll) the otng must rher p nto is other, nto eing 8

s oes not ust prove begnin fscinting for itsoxc chcter, but Hegel betrstenionll n

onscousthat the nohing c never e te in the oper, lter sense, ut st be attente in ever corete c n so beng s to be nerstoo onl s the otig of ben oher '39 Ths hoever blunts te poit of te l iecc o beng nohing, of te nmc role of tion n ontolo Hege expresses wht re rellologcl categores, oterness engfor-oter,

oal lguge, hle clng to ee the latter tion of beng-in-sef Wht s involve is nothing ore quttve relton between ve strct concepts of , the retio tself cotnng o otologcl eeet of tion Te ie sggests itsef, e rel fct isslte no te lguge of logic or psteolog, toress the ffereces tt ifst tselves hcologcl e copletel positvei te for of egto h connecton it sold frtr e ote tt eto ble to express dstictio i ereel icoletd inente , hc is h i te cocrete iecticlvton, he oment of egto s s to e plemene from te positive sie nef. us egel of i on celebrte iectil vtion of ecof te negtio of eng oing As et ter s

ig there is to eco soetig T egini is1



ONOLO

ot pe othg, ut a othg fom whch somehng s op thfo to aa otae thbegg '40

Egels lltrate ths stato hs clear popuarfho He we to make ce to Dhng he egeannegato that s eece when for exampe, he p haases ot of a areco negates' ts former exsence as asee: t s take a gr of le Bllons of such ns of bare e me, boe brewe an hen consume. Btf sch a gran of bare meets wth conons whch e or for t f t fs o sae so, he uner he nuece of heat mostre ergoes a specc change,

t germates; the gan sch cees o exs, s negae,an n ts pace appears the plt whch has asen rom t,he negaon of the gn' hus n he rea wor , he anof arle s n numere ces annihid hs s he properotoogc expresson for the term egaon', whch h aene ogca meg ut oes not me mch onooc. s on n a certan cocrete stuaon a e

ga of ae gves rse to ts oogc norm oheess,the plt. O the oe ha, howeve, he cocree ecse chaterstcs of ths otheess are astract ore f t consere the negaton' of the g, whe on the oeha hs re ecta poces s osce n so far he tem egaton' gs t to a fomal cocto wth esthat have tte o o th ths poces a mate sese. he k acng Enges w thus to separate the onoogca,

ecca neaton from he nnumerabe negaons of amere ogc forma character; hs wa ecomesevet tha thee c e o form, ogca or epsem oogcalcrtera for ths separato, t that t s awas necessar oappe o the re process tself, to the cocree rea; the sngushn moment s the ene n a pre onoogc postve sense he smpto of sch heerogenous

pheomea une the ogc t neaon' ths on42



HEEL

fuse e reonhp nea of umnan hem. s no b chce h hppens, for houh he m

er absrc onooc caeores e me b of ben, he smpe facs of nornc nu

.e o een e wh co Hmn escbes pes

e ter pures mo uerae moe of appence one who coner he ontooc features s unpreuce fhon mus come o te concuson tere s no such n here a eon, but mere ac o rnsformon rom one form of ben ntor, mere chn o reaons n whch each eemn h leous n oheess a beforoher he oc

psemooc coecness scce of Spnoao of eton h the of neaton n no ws hs otooc probem. For een f the concree of oherness (he pt Enes' xmpe s n a oc epsemooc sese th the of on, ths os not me ha onooca the otherness eto of the erer stte t shou so no be

oten that vn for Spnoz egon w a methooocen of the eton sef, s necess oc moe of ce; our ss of Hms coceos h at te recon of ths tess es to compete lo of e ocoepstmooc to we, gto, pped to exs, quttvl specs prosses, c o be r mbuous eto So o s questo of obcts ss c t becom or os no bos te e mo of beg, sems compltel msb to us o opere te cteo of ato mt rcton f ts spr of beng, t oes ot o e mo of be of su otooc obects, whch to c t sub s for s o whre the or obece voves rc rsformt

so oms o bvt o oss t ts3



OOLG

can so be conce negaton n obecte ontoogcsense For nstc, the bologca reproucton of a lvnbeng noles phscal nd chemc las n a trscendeform e these are sordted to the ls of bologcreproucton); hen ths reroducto cees, on eath, thconsttuent mteal o the ormer orgsm s agan subecto the norm phsca d chemc la of ts matths ce noles obecte ontologca negaton, eethoug ths negaton h no sbect; t s the negaton o thprocess o selfreproucto hch ht consttuted thorgsm, an the negto does not ust e rse to somthng erent, but to sometng that s ontologcall e

reaton to ths. hs stuato s repeate at hgher leel soc beng er, hoeer, te negaton h a subct , thoug}ths subect s not of ere mmetc charctr as n threlatonshps of nture; ts ctt and the negaton nolen ths s rea here obecte momet o te ontologof soc beng gel loc, t ts bstrctl unersloc enerzaton o eton to udtl m o e 1

of ectc process, thereb obltertes the speccto soca eg een to egel generall ntene tmke, d ctall dd bgst eort precel elucdt ts s d oremost te ce hen thnegto relted to tcal socl tvt n pretheoretc ement e o loc, sc s ere are see-hedd dragos he orm of egto orresponds tte re of ths or ctl de te estence o

sc dos, d ot ore) But s soethn les relcan de th onc, te ths sentecorresod to a oletel deret d of relt Thor ests, bt t sol ot et oter ord so ctt s ecr o ke t otet rtl sl lo eresson t nols ereret retes, refore dort secc oto

logc t For oled n te r orld s soe



L

oer ar more h a mer rc .n ve pracce, h sncon ps n e Bu when ra scons e xprsse hs , s t he Hege exenson o he va o

to hen hs mprecson eas o a sron o e

t Enges, for exampe, wo maes sma cao hs evaon o he nean f he nao herne gto) hmsef shows hs aweness he oophca precaous suaon whch he h husouvre hmse no. For aer he h appe hs b unversa o he mos verse s, h ss: sa tt a hese processes e a naon he

to brng thm a ogeher uner h ne aw to or s ver reon eave ou o acco he c pecues o each nvu procss.' u be h o n a genune unvrs aw whose pt rezatons, when compare wh ne her,pce bsurts A eah rom ccer s mst rom ro's t for a rea cause u

ec both th th rea concung momen o h i -oss) th o no generae orm o asur.Fo th r rtoshs o beng, he couneosn hr rt tr tct s cean n n wur (Te tt rc s o course s no absur.)h o ob ct necessa) when orma mt bo up to orms o bg Ths sw s ms cts t ustob otoogca t o h oc vto o the negaton o gt

to th brt th o orgsm s h on o to us o to tot a subjct t sms tork t mc bo bt to otoogc rt v o b T tos tt cotr r o oc b r ot o k otooc

wi cts o ct but t crctrstc tur s



NTGY

p h h h nc p , ppp cc cn n . a h a cn f c w c c n h n pp h, n h n wc nn wh w nc. h r r f ppn h nn, c f, f c n, p h ' ch . n p p pp h n, cn nc, hn prcc h huh hn nn. h n h

hppn n n, f whch pr c h fr h cn n , fh nub bhn, w n h c nb h n , b pp l a n hn n h pxen h n w an a ne epb.

Ts , whh pts t r ue,l hn wh h rew, b w pc h pn. Th bshn f wh b ppp ethen n h whch u us bj p pp , whh n hves,n he , n f h bj' hs, hc h h p n h h u

h h , h pcc w b w rn n. h r hhr bn h h h phef n n whh chh p h w. b sh h he pc prsuppse prs ppr h kd Th es

h n , pr t srut6



o prctc, ro ts trcto th th objctv, tht t s sco rcto of th rt tht sdssou th prctc hce th ts objct r pruppostos, but tht bcse of ts spsbt

o

ch rt t cot b cteor of osoc

tht sts otooc tslf he hooosd whch rto to rs s o of the os portt thoooc cotos or cocteco o th rt s t exss sf, hce for co tht promss sccess The reecto s spccms of obctvt b f reoved fro he re worl t s suct to rfer to thetcs or oet), bt f

s reproucto of ht s sset rt, n tsos o os, hts upo wh s correct fro h hd soc pot of , h t c dce ctos htqre otooc csv scce for soc be

Th etr phosoph s esst ort to ko of soct hstor ec ts cteors by hr ur pt to ths spher o b h ct

tt h ost vb r bo thsre, cosuece of hr suborto to loc, t he r thu storte r the otolo of b cocee, more h mee orm o erce o he st Bt o tter o sevrl ctcolo poss wht s thortc , t sho evrs sht o th mportt rl to he Mrxstsscs r thror rht to spek, ot o rjc the el ctc, bt o vrt t, pc o ts Ths crtc rocss s o cose f or cocted d f or rc th t pprd to thos pos wholev tht th ed rth co be broht to th lht of dy b r che o t ss Wht w eded hr to o bck o th rscl exst ret l f to ste ro ths bs ht er

cos t tle of rth d fshoo L, for7



ONOLO

d suh foruao of Hege s was oa sos Ths acepce, wv suosd soous oogc reesa. I oha h frm f h sygs eze pracce, bur s ger fo eemes ha e cnane vy cc a cosoda he pracce f u oug o a vr or asrc fo, u y,o ou o hs housdofod rpo', eyqu e sy xm

Log o he mos rn mgenus mea hu e he wor of ough ae eae. here so sg or reo cno be uaey

d c eemes d ros of he re w os o uae hav o b s referr. he eec gc sorc devo of md, hwever, s has os of dpur s o eo ex nse he hoogous du o og , a hs omogeous meumss o og o y cose sefpsesysm, ws mgezd sysem charae pres e

oudon fo s uvrs oug we d ros w h e oaed quesns f h d dvo fo mus be pneou h oogous d ssa arcer f gc haus ss ad aga d es o usos whh d sys of h ogy hoogz word f ess suos o be a o sw robes ha ase frme rea os f . Tedces of hs n ca reay

se wh Rauus Luus Lez's mas unal ', d are wdsred od poss eosof uvsa uo w oror, have se,dy a d of ooog f Heg dsgsesf fo s predessors d he re s from urceor rpreees f uersa gc sse,sy so fa s d d o se ogc, de s eer

sy s ss as rary of



EE

ure, o wy sou o cosruc hs uverss c sys y a mee ee d compeo of sg ogc,emac, ec , u rher, o he s of ooogca c s d sghs, ugh o creae a rdcy ew ogc

cc og c, order o ve ogc ssem o f eg ecmg he ere ed of egsef The deccojec d he rsformo of susce su e he vehces of he rsfoao f he ogcy sysem gc

ave redy see h ogc cees homogeusdium hough whose sucur us quveye from h of he rscy heeoge re,

y ecuse rs homogeous edum mu be ey sposed from he ce where heeogeous bjecs ,ces, ec. rey uece oe oher e hve reayussed he mea opeos h herey ecome ssy eg physc ereo of he re pheme have ee expessed mhemca form Wha sved here is h wh hs ee mhecy homo

mus oe more be rough coeco h he cve rey y me ephs d cco he ogeus charcer o s copoes (I s uece sss s ec oogezo c g o mpor pec of ey h woud ohse o e cpe) f he homogeous du h see he do of e owedg eo s oc oe he cr wee he hoogos es of owedge heerogous rey s d y he spc feur e cop of heogeos phmeich s herefo o med cpe of g syseed d pu o hrrchic od s rpoduced gh homogousy cosed herchc syse

h s decsve here s he quesoe chrcer f he chy, for he coverso of hogeey o hmo

y s feure of odge d c ways e



OOLOGY

td og th pt f t ppoxi io to th lobs if th as of odg hdd pop d i suit tal h ustio f h issog ls F s gt hiah sstis l ossb a oogos iuhis hoogo psl povig h ss fo gig obts i hgh o lr post fo s i poi of vw ultg th bo abov tr to fo utpsptv o th ltiosis s iod i isopltl f to th tgous it tajt of spic qsos s w s s ct ths sp o t ho bst gl

ts ght b but fo lt whol ortio of tis s fuatl ossi (T piul t of a whr h x sv o ogous toli of l stcall rpru s spcl uttv dnsv tot, hogos to th sss v l t h bo e pcci o e eseic h tgoiseessa r hs taspst o suc vuly f

artk vsio tg ptii tough ttyp t ot ivovd i th s of si dphsoph )44

Ths dl so i th o ht isphlsphl rlatv sip oslto dvlot of a pt ogis o soi oto isog usio of gss h s of ts bi(a dth) t st tst of h

spec bg qusto o howv o ocpt isuc o h rsptv of hth his duiprces f h gl to th pril o fo tpartula t h g s log s logi is pdhodoogl sohig th os ot dtir bu t s bd fo b stio t iso fo hs o gv is o hig tht

storts ou owldg of it ( of ou



HGE

a s wa c hae. Bu whe, ee, i oceed he heec fodan n, aodabe a oc eucos come o be cnce he proper form of oog gee. I h wa, a

stema

d og hech comes fom he bs he ooca pah o he sefezao of he e ec d obec, d he sfomao f subsce ne. Eve aego m he ob chaaeco d sgce, boh a ogca coce ueos ooogc obje, fom he ace opes aog hs pah e hechc ode has ases § esrbed b ege erms of he ae, hhe

ed aegor beg he h' of he eae, owe oe, t he oa eaoshp bewee wo caegore cosee essea coeo of rea objece comexe. hiech h sef ohg o o wh he oocdo a re rea reaosp bewee re. Aide bewee ooogca oeco giah a he bes e be o a fouae ccen

, a gve re o exee abidecao. Fr se, ege es heocn he seod p of he Eylpa, he Phoh of Nr 'Am tr s h o ure,eabe of er; he s e h of h ot a sse s he mos absrac e whch he t ad he uh f each sphere s he ; bu h ag s the st f a hhe sphee s he ecess of he Idea ses sphe o pee se b pasg o the he oe ad the vae of fors u be sideed s eessa d deeae '

this u te epe we see oce ag's tep exa fo the ooo of aue adae asis f hua soe O he oe had, how he dtts h e oa oe of h suboda

e ide ise of fe d soe o5 1



NTLGY

t a c ecesst wc e e awe ausreatnsp mpermssbe tee acent. screef ts n between the ca f f eut he t ctet f he reatnsh n questn mu as

a t e ess mpt eme f btness the c ucn tsef. es ea te h the trsts frm ne cate r fm ne cntactn tthe e t e ear aays abta. 6 O the the h cse reate we shud metn here the ctcsm f the un Ma rea que he eect that ee'ssca phshy reps the resentatn f th reareatnshps b the fm apcan f ca es whch

ce agan cate the ment atn f t b .

es cect ceashte ctcsm ufrtuate es wth the frm cetn f he catere at wth the tcy mre mprat questi f the pst f the cateres he ca herachccntct f t sem. s we hae n n he quet

f te st f the t te sar sstem t s s t mere f questn f arrgmet but rather oe f thesst caractstcs y bject s tat the rfudscrepcs betwee ogc a to eerge qutbatt ere We sh meto e tcuarymrtt c Heg seeks to dduce teleg s the hhrrcie from the dactc f mchs d cmsm rer t pav th way fr the trstn t th dea at thit here th ce f fe the e reatsh f subjetto substac sti a tura e but gg byo rgaiture ds ts epresso Tee thus appers accrdt th sche of hs systems costructio the tth omchs d chemsm. We e st for the t thrm f tur but at its brder d thus tgoig-beyod·tsl atre s lgcy ruce t th

dect dpmet sce Kt had prosse uch too



HGL

f r he exe a use aue ha e te he eeeh eu ere pfu e tae uy. ee eyes hese tg tv . e ye he aerc eshp f e a

es, s ce wh e pcpes mecsm a me y bu he c y s because hs meae s abur. The c sacess f ee'syss e cces s me, oug t su tuaype wh each sep, bu ee t cry tu su vesa whu ety comig t fe lbu a esve pts to the ed d mes tee we e cote ce a t te t-sd

ace ege's phosphy O te oe ad e sovesu he pcpe whc epesses he geuie fom of le, he psg tua ez f t e by oscus subject e he ts geue otoogctery s uctue t the hmus meum f ysem me by ca pcpes cdg t tsysem we e st t stge tt ot yet pued lf

scty F cg t te gc pcpes of evepmet f e etca subject-jet fe ca oy tke pe at he sge he ea wl te fut f eoog s ecsely te ga systm o of ei tsto om te stge of te otio to t .49 I tis y e loc ey les t te sutio o evepg e tges o lou beo l ie som ito ei t ogo-oool seu

d ts suty tee s of ouse sll dsepcy O t e d eel s dseed e ltgc fom of teleoo i lou d eey esove e-d plosop tomy i t d oostio otogy tee tsetlly iet olo a ecusive dome o usity oolo o

o beg ot ossbe tou t oti o



LY

aur causa abur ee hu r f her ccree ecc ercec ee rcze cec hs fu e bu ha f he ecca

furher a hher ee h ruaes bee csc ecms he eea acc csss e he ac h wh he frer h rs pu far ec ss f h hme e h h h cse s c scce I s er suc emphsze ha espe hs smeha ca sufrua he prce f hs er mr rca r

re uee hher eepme es sc cuf re h s ca fua eraprecse hs esa f abur h ea surfacs ve ea ee's ork ee befre he Pheomeol; he sas for stce of he scce f e oo ha m es ature e se u s am th tob s euaes he he:

cuig ' 0 a pssage of te Lo he caes que cear the urvg momes of abur ccree cases . he pough s mo ourabe a e mmeatel e ejmets procure b hch e es. Th ool s he the mmeae ejes passaa a e fre I hs oos m ossesses pwer ereer aure ee huh respec f hs es he s h cotr subjec . ' O he her ha hs eapthbreak ccep f bur as ose ee sfr ege smp usra fc a amssbefr he ca reashp ch ee sapes h a cy cce ure e hf mechsm a chemsm e a cter f aure tsef ha hat s ve here s e hve are see se ca rast rm he oo to the Iea ay

er he chaacer f cy me euc



HL

wods t stlst of tlo u wc s t w d g d pssd

t tis is o o fo, if t po of t dispcy w oso of tloo

ogcl ti pt tos t itil suct d its dio t tgo tt psss h d pposito t tu d soiy Ild o fogo t tis tio scoss dt sti ig t tit of g's iosop i is lssis ot dscbd tditio t ss d od o sdi of gls ss (of s otolo od

i it is ol sist t logc s ow ss fos t stig-poit of is ss I oh i wi log is ot t foudio of oogy, wod sipl qustio of g, wc d t tig ssi ut is s o so i g's t fc t Logic cos fo ilosopis of Nu d id s id o

i sigi; thog iiil cosids ogc gois s ctgos of tougt Hgl s focd s ot to ipss o hs idio cc urto ss H os is ig t t s of nce o oc i disi d uist wy:di l is to stood s t sst of pu of u tg Tis is u i itot i i its o sol t It c si tt tis ot is t positio of Go s is ssc fo t to of u i t id 2 Logi ctgos o o t c o gos of oug, u siuously cqu ti f t toug wi ss ol, d isid i t lolog psitig of wold Tus s t sis o ist of tis opo w,

si of t Sc o oc t t stg of slf55



NLGY

ttt of th t t f is ts dtt tu s this t h sf-ostg oth 5

t i s o f tst fo u i his cotio i s simpy tt osuc of oig of this i te who of tu d t ti soi o is e ito sigtoogi oss i i vtig t t ogvot of th s ot i te fo of tgois os s it t o g tt iict i Logi o d y hd's ow ity o fos t ousio of tss is pt sfttit of tis i

ot oy d ut siuousy its o it It ivit tht th bsi sttu f this dic is stogyist of th thoogi sst i whic God s ctos th ous woout Tus th ogsste s Hegthog o i hs i octo oi th ts of ts otioc to titio w of th wod th w ad ong sup Th nyis o

toog i aou to i w hv ady ttio s th otitio to hih hs gvs is t o ig Th o o t i ooc toogi sstms ws ii so ou (Go si tough i uosiou sonousfsio g o o ot oi d oious th ss of ou i istic thissi ut h to t si his ow tot

iscovs i o to i is fs si oto v s oft o sow i wfoos tht oth t Lo isf n dvotahsto of a fu of atcu stios d dcose of oct tiosis t ich o ti ofoud otoogi iig Ts v ithiiv o o i ositio o ovo t

si ss of t t oot t



L

og dd o ogc gs uc o t tough is ow ti d t foow dow o prs ay is aordri ftfu; bu as fr sst s coc ts awas a a uc

iitig t vot of das v s tt t y positio of ogc t fram o gs sst ds to dg t attr a rgoust f igos g s g ttious o w arg sctio of actatodo toogsts d tsvs o wi tdica g of is fows saw i dssd ats taicto tttos of ts k etab coca

ofoud bguity i g's cocpo of rgo oa w w a r s g's poso oarsgo as og i como ms ema t scuay doit fo h os skg g tscto i s tat goo vr troub msf wh gous such Scrmachr phs on tts ioica; cossty rjc Jacob's

c fo dict owg ot os rgo; hs ots r fu of trmy stcd roc rmks o o f rgo i vryay f c Ev ar for i s poc gast at owg ist td is ot s o strcy ogmatc cotts c sb tt a oy supor cotpt fo s d d cozd t cotts ocayd curc as of pary soca rvac st i if 55 id a ts stds s amguousito twds igo itsf O t o a cotus Eigtt tdtio of a aoa rgo at aot to t cg coos Buti t iotat gus of t Gr Eghtmed t f orssv tdcs rgous es t ti i t d oy bw ts a

ds f wic ssary vovd t 5 7



ONO

opposto to ortoo r ll eu stat b o rlgo g o k pemc aast th ots of ro ts r or stoc tes a trfoe stps o th t of sfvemet Wat as rob abo rgo rHe smp ta t epssd at lor f pct rprestato [Vorelug t s ott psop o a post o to ras o t l of ot Ts th cott or rs of rlg rsubjctd t crtcsm Hgl rey od t sdectcl ategos ad rlts oud b dor tm as posop sl f o y ot yt t t ll o

oto Ths s prssd os prcy t eoeoogPctoral prstato [ Vorelle osts atstc form c st scous of lf ts seos commuo Ts fom s ot yt t slfcoscousss o sprt c as ra ts to noto the medat procss s stl colt tscoeon f beg ad thought te tr s a df

sprt lf s st cbr wt ocl rmpto to a r' a byo' T coe s t rcot but a s momts pc lmt mr maatv psetato ave th caratr t o f bgccptua compehe bt o appag s omptlept aspcts tral rlat to o otr or that t t cott ay aso obt s r orm rcoscousess t attr must ecssarly s to gr

pe of mta devopmt t absot bsta st tutvey appreded but coceptaly ord r coscosss s or iel brougt t ll ts sconscusessa ths as ry tak l objve or o us'5 t s t tr eomeoog ra apoeoc spt so t ocpto of rlg by Napoo's tt tor g

o ts hstorca stc or t 5



L

v farach rece tds ts te tureFr aec Frce, re t be tegrt th e burs stte fr ee's Germ t te hh whch met crsded t ths

W w that the reset d the est stte remedetr cats f md fr ee eve fter Ne'sverhrw, he Restrt erd The rresdgeto the Eyloada s: Whe the edyd ssuues f she d ede s suerseded Gds t f ctet, the esset d tu srit f tur d srt he ot f r he s rst f reted t cscusess met reresett Ths

uct reresett ves t the eeets f hsctt, e h sete eg mg them resusts ts ech ther d hee hhsucceed ech ther ther retsh t mes sees vets ccrd t te reetve cteges ' 5 ursthe ctet f these terretts f te te Hegel s ieret e frm tht the er e gret Ne

rts d te eter rrcht trs reve umtes te te etures t s thstee f Gd ee's h stc ret etve met rety osttly cres but s tsever resuts re rf t lt t tstets Eve tg rtgs s e os su Hees ot r te ttt o these etos tey eress e te less et t ese mts Te t tt e te eetee r d hoshy e etee oto t the se tt He lys rt stss thtrst betee here' th bey ts te utrehg crrees o te t-relg terts

ter of urse Heel's ts-sdess s lr srecty t the fre t ts tu

ortt r l t



GY

exhbt sm tenences. One exampe o s s en b e scussons o Pase n te Plspy e state of ocence te parsac conto s a o he brute. Pase s a ee n es no men an

reman. For te bte s one th o on mp OnM's pt (tat s a secozan extence hsexstence for se hs conscouness s a he same me separaton from the Unversa ne p. ' Wha s astae ere s aan te mmaen thsseness o humeeoment n contrt to the reous trscenen oorn sn Hee's concepton of eon ha noth ncmmon th the romantc cocepton o the Resoaon

Tretsce om no-one ou escbe a enc reme f the mnster tensen ee's cheprtector an hs pup: t ts hospabe abe he ueston ou occona be coo ase o heherstan ou t for a urther en o t es'Even f e c see n the ate Hee n con o he peoo e heomelo rprocemet toar oc

Protesttsm ts s not n ecusve opposon o hsover ves For te precto mae at ensen'sirtbe ue te ou have st more compete te te eve of te noton reon asVorellug, cou te be treate pure hsoc as are-coecto' n e snse of te Phenomenl, thouts bgg contractos nto te sstem.

Te -rou etae nvestgaton of hs compexof probes ou ve to be te t of a sor oosoy. t s sucet for us to estabsh ts contrbetee te teeoogc beo ness of te oc sstem e tis-seess of te otooca conceve eccaeto Ts contrt exps nee from bo seso t s tat ee 's posop as pae a pas oa oo no roe n te moe eooca strues o ve

a posopc founto to te regous nee ese 60



HEGL

dences her suppt d mens he omcs her hts , partcu Scheeaheran ere, bth f em hse eeasm, whereges phsph h bee mrt nuece n the

sn eenc frm Srauss and Feuerbach thuh t

asm, h s earth d hsse reat.e hsca necess f ths mvemen, ts mpce o te cect ccep sc ben h mae unepte crca ebe h ege a vta quest frsm n a dube et ued sese: fr the most severe tcsm f Hee's rerade eemts s precse sabe om he cc eensn f hs prressve es. hs s wh

e un ar tce ee hs cr dssertatnre he had ved at hs w phsph, a s d n hs cr cmets, patcual Heescenc f L These crcsms t combed stve d eatve but he wee as dssubl d t the uremets he da, theee aays fcus thse ecs that have becme ey questos th furher

epmet Msm at te gve t tme. hus ce 's c tcsm egel r eaml t w he stmooca pet that pedomatd. Ate Le, ths ao oe. e oe asmced to the vsg ts o me thoers' mvemt (ths cus y catstutres hl o th th ad s tat wasud to oal scmtsm sclcl dogatcil actcs s ctet by ad s olos.

est sudy ams t e-stlsg cotc the e tadtos Masm. hs s the eas ag the t f sca beg ts them or he st chas geusy dstod sucly ucs d eyooud' toes the evato o Masm t s dues a wll-oudd d oud og a ds a

bs socal be e ocve a o atue,6 1



NTLG

tt s equppe to et so beg ts smutaeouett eree t ture Ass of te profonomes ee's system s preparo fr suc eucao of he probem Our tas ow s o cae ot just te ea aet scoveres of ee the prtcur es where te otrt te fse cosctoof hs ogstc sysem but ter he otoog foutos rces of hs ect the esse oeos

2 Hegel' dlecical onolo an he reeciondeerminaiosWe ve a to stuy some eta he dstoros cause

ege's ooo by te ethooogc eomce of pres of o. W e o ve to use th e crco thts crtcsm ve s oe to g ou ege's geue otooc ostos fom te mue of cotrc os ' reet t ue fom as ossbe ege's tbrakg ot s t eeve fo tose quesosth otolog has to solve od pcuy ooo of

so beg o td t s If ere we l st ofte to cte te dstotg eectof te etooogc ot of o s system ts oy ts t redot ost ve t of te lysestt o so ss ft o f t s toof togt e t tt s st t to g te p tt e d od te esof osoc eveoet d brogt o t d o ts

od e ws t dso o tto stmto f se ot tog t otts s o d o s d os o s stoo oos s o o tsto o oso o og ft s stot otrbed os eos sy t t ooft s ot sso sgg gs s ost

to t o s s to o



ti a t o x cption nnoator, e t to hav ne d wy to w isights in nnume rabe e ds-e vn f i iske n a cousng foms.

Hgs osiio i polemtc of our own a a ila B ts osition ust mad more concret, is o gv to surtdn. Atr th -Hgia v o the ot-eoutnar era had d te ly questionabe nature o niais ic cosiderd itself so orthodox, bcame et i e orm o evr grte cse, t w t of og sis ites awaknd n ege compresiv oedg d aachig conception of concr

i y n is sng interet gaual eop n osoi move ih the im of reng eg. o gti o iscuo o thi, t should jut be io o on intepetatis hae nothn ino hs deces. Te pure there w too H hisocally t prng ourgo oso o i ic ioled crng unjute

csv oce o his lationshps wth Kt an t o ics us Heg made for th secn tme so coseatism. We mntan n h ois os the uure o t is d costructin s s ivolvs ve uneen deeopment.s d vi agaist forgttng the Hg. Bu aninism potsm

s c o consciousness of ths e secod tempt to ree g s o e giction d dstoon of i o also o tsfo the mge o Hg i sklik cicue (The eorts of cerniv oosg dreion emane epoc, ns s ol i th ls few yea that the e

s v vd o k u oce gan h th grat



OOY

iosohic tdtios of M. The followig discussosof Hgl hve hs ietio; the lotio of Heglsotolo i prticul hs ontoo of socil eng isdesigd o etter eucdte the pos of the tw tthkes th the intimte conect d teiqualttie derence ided oppston. The fct thtotoogc oblems ths time std to th fore is ot du toy themtc efrece o the prt of the uthor rthe toth hosoc stut o of our tme whch gis robemsin ths e prty er the.

We begn wth uiesy w fct th chrcter of pocess the cetr ctego f a new too. The gret

discores of the ntu scence the hstc epeece of cetures teemg wth evoutos h shke een n the cocete ee mge of te wr th geo suprecyof etenl s ttioy umoe substtty the bsoute edomice of prm thinge jectt gnst motion conceed s secd. There wre certlyoccso ttempts n phosph t djust tsef n ths

esect to life (t is ticulrly iz wom I he imid) ut he ic hilosohcl ctegoes still emdfor l tht o the level of word of thgs tht w i dfor tself uchgeble Whe Kt soke of e ukowiity of reity it eists tself he chctrsticyeed to ths unknowle thng-itself d wheFchte sought to ntoduce t hs phosohcl sstem systemtic moemt he y entured to uderte ths

fom the side f the suject Hg w the st mjorthiker sce Hercitus for whom ecomng ssumed ojectely grete otogc weight th eg; hsphlosohc sttue cossts t est tht ths ovecog of the prrt of beng er ecoming w otsmpe drect n chrcter ut rther ge rse to n l rod d uners method. Hegl w cetly gree

met wth l of Hcltus theses: Thee is o oosto4



Heactus whch hae ot adopted my Logc. 2 Thjo methodoogca ue o hs ate H f Pilspy that ege estgatd the eegece o th ewoogc tedec t s begs, d th he

sdeed ts deeopmet, om the st appoces dma beggs what s eay he hso ouma thought, hsto o the tey objectvty Hegel bc metphysca d o the decuectobjec, o the tsomato o ubstc oubject, shows doube ce oy h coeco: ohe oe had, we he eady ee, a locly goedtoo whoe logcstc d hechcl dty dos

he Heacte decy o he e ooogy, bu o the othe had the get demd aed h m houd e aod udestood as dequately pobe, ee hough tdequte compeheo ses my eds oughhought eag o udestd he oegess, mmeefpotedess d deece o h pocesse gog ooud the ubject. Th why Hegel uld dsco he e

o the daectca movem ot oy Heacu, bu so the Eeatc phosophe ho we decy ppod ohm, e the toms eucppu d emoctus

But he smpe oc chc h be Heacus s oy he st d ecey bstct om oh e uded o he old (W hl sholy come o to sek o he hocl d dlccl o abstctes otologcl d ptologclctegory.) t eby lds o paado hch e uulbu soue h e o Fo he ocechacte of et lo codcty d dccl, dhs s why ueee objectey codoed ode oppeaace. It s cetay coct th oe co tep twcto the same e, but just hat he e,pecsey ts couou chge, s couou bol o o

t s ow detty, multul d cotuouly epduc65



NLG

th dentt; when Zeno d tht a ng ow t rest,he expeed cert dectc contrdcton n the etonshp of pce, tme nd mtion tht wee mr ftfud prdoxc wthout eng le to ge them dectc

souton Een the most gen dscoee o ptcudectc reltonshp, o ong these utmte reman,o er gener dit, inddu eltionhp, d donot encomp the entet o engel we nthoughtcould not undmentlly tsom m ew othe wod

epte thee tkng dces th wod ew emnedtatc n t tott, orented to suttt nd thngnes ,

not to une poces. t w not onl the geni egnngo dectc thought n ntiqut tht ueed under thsc of concetey compehensie uneit, ut ao the ttempt ht wee not tsed th elucdtng ptcucontrdcton n ret, or een depctng the pocesschrcte of the rel n the ght o undmentl contdcton, ut whch endeoued to constuct unesl

ytem o mong d moed contdcton. Fom Cuu toSchelng there oe l-emcg system tht ctegoclypesented the stemtc omnpesence o contdcton the ense o unesl pocess ccte o th knd, otho the wod d o knowledge o t But t onlyppentl sed the pocesscusng cotdcton toontoogc pedomnnce, o n o the olton ocontrdcton mde them h the utmte oton nconection th owledge o the soute on the othe cincinia ppim pecel n the oute,rought the word ck to sttc chcte. Pocess dcontdcton wee deded wete ntenton o not , tocteoc chctestc o mee tssded hre mee tude, whe the soute eyond pested tsupeor tate n eton to the poces chcter of the

here, eng contdcton ehnd t nd eneth t.



h a the egnnng of hs deeopmen, Hee ro s concepon. � efence of Schen rea stae, in

impc oppston o h ars pent mnnc concepton: The asoue s ef, howeer, • dent of dentit d nondentit; tess d unt e imueous contain n t.3 As we sh see, hs t just no the rcoton of a stag of ectton that ha not peous ee made conscious, ut the ew f the or aso hee undegos an onoocuin. f the same aw of diectica procss hos for e soute it ds fo the entire nit word, hen he irenc d pposon of here' d beon' anshs

m a cnsistent ced through iactic ontoo,ich mes tha al objects (ocesses) of the her, oitude he eathl, etc ., hae h same utimat noocacue a the asoute tsef. Gradatons withn thst mae d niesa daect ica homogene cge no thndamenta n this basc stuctue. The otologca cto niesal cadicto cess rses the unta con

io f eaty as a hl t a quitatiel highe ee nmis th ee p attmpt.The categy of ttat ths ts a signicance tha

ev av s. tt s e l, sadl ammaicaly i t enoenolo. Bu the teg f aliy n ts asact and aed state culd in ay fm the fndati a e logy ; i t s stae t ead ed i those diacica sysems hat e hae h ict cess ecsely at iss cmia i eel eve he ttali w fae a me sythetic saiza f extense ivi; i as e asic sce i the cstrctn f sive ivesiy d he basic sce i the cocti ty a hle hus eiy does not jve a f ity as sc but it ae cnsists of

s elets' tat e siilaly sced as otates



ONTOLOGY

n thr turn. h ole tht g s to progmmatcl a tott t p out of the dnc nterconnctns orae d p, pcur totes. t coud sd h ontoc essence of Hgl wod w n ts

concrete cohsn s to fond n ths pncp. Ths s of ourse onl n t s esoter for for we ve seen, in crng hroug this sc prciple, my trns of thought of lct d herarcl cracte re hdden n t utHgel' own thought proce n the concludng psgesof hs cience of Logic ho tht we re etrctng hre te re, f frqetl conceed essence of Hge's thought , dnot sugglng n our o teretton s ts esoterc

cntent. B ue of th ture of the method just ndcted,th scence ehts tslf s circle rtug upon t self, the end eng ound ck into the egnnng, the spe gound, the edton ths crce is moreover crcle of ircle,f ech nddu meer s ensouled y the method sreected nto tsef, so tt i retung o the egnnng ts t the sme tm the egnng of new eer. '5

ut spl ndcatg te e of to ot sucetto gve understandng o t ne ontolo For f t scosdeed re logcly tee prt tottes d te overll tott formed fro te cold stl oses sttic, thnge' crcter Hege ed defen hsef gtts n the ove quote gee ogrmtc eclrton of te enonolo and goe o edtel to dduce soe portt crcterstc o te diectc dyc of tsconceptio of totty e ole oever, i erely te esenti tre rectg ts oetee trog he proceo ts o developet te olute t t e sd ttt is eset ly rest oly t the ed s it t it s ive rt nd jst in tt costs it tre i to e ct ject, or e-ecoig elfeveoet odt e cotrdctor o t e te o e

oceve ee et, t tle coeto et



GEL

h appece f cntacn n t h. hbeng, the nce, he A, a eat xp, e th U. ,gel ens fthf t h nc cncpn f the bste the entca sbjctjc. B h tretatns hae nne the less a enea nse hat g e nts; n s t ut cncee a u, hch nly ttn tre cntent by way f the pce f tfatn ths prcess f fman pnt dd to be tlgcy pmay. Meer, the ng nhch s utcm mnfests tsef a reslt, pp truct. Ths s frther nderne by the fact tht the

sot s chrcterzed rght at the begnnng th nersa ,c o Heg ms n n ay ntgc pefectn,frm w the cncete patcuar eege a f emantn. he unea s et hee expsy n th ene of th mere

y ners, the nt et cncte, ay

so by the remr that decty f the pusotto I w sy "l ms, that s nt pass fr

zolgy. H rer, the path fr the unea t the nue result s dcated ny a a rcess f nege,t Hege tts t oss charcter smy a th ecse st o ot nwlge f t. He thss t t s coectn Whle the ebry t ts t g t s n b tse r c] g t t rety frm th-ts to t ots re eternng the precse tgo t d dto o ts ontgcy paoss t s ds o t the further decse too ss f ts thss: f rety n the too ss o v te rest f rcess tss tt ts t ny b qteyd ts ss o ts ness. An tgto tt ts t s stt .e sttcl t

t t t v o the ete gen



LGY

therey ore ts ecse eteritios te otpot of whch s precsey the copex prcess chrcof reity. We hae rey see how frequetly Hege replcesths rel geness y ogcl eucton'; ths hs t e

crtcze ut the ultate yrstc for ths crtcs sproe y Hege's o otol whch coceies te re geess the dyc futio of y ojectiity( y resut . t s oly ths wy tht Spoz's et tyetwee the orer coecto of thgs desecoes rey dyic d dectc rocssike. f e refer ths coecto to Hegel's elucdtos i hs octo the eect tht the kowlege of the eers' ios

each result eg sulteusly the gg f a eer te this ges us the eure f ths iersal ocess charcter of Hegel's cocept wch te otogc geess odes th key to kodg o resuts'

T c to te nonolo os t t

questo of Hegel oto wth st fthe ottdeteitos t s oed here e dectly otoloqestos of soci eig aty f cose s st otte c it Hege itot a crly ocd ttoto tis d so o the als so idict tt g td to at otogic Hegl stt is get it t sttio the ol at the ti of itg o is o cocdig his cos o lcts at 8 6 eressd ts is ti o tsty ta t its W t to ott oc a t ft i c t sit o t fo ts os fo d td o T t o oer id cots d o o th o dssoed d ce y t ig

s o th st is i 7 70



Pomo sas ths ew stge tat te ew wormes ts t appece merey i gee ute mere a whe n cncee a e t a bare abstractn Fr ths ren esoterc kwee by

ew uas s pssbe: O wht s perect determnate n f s at the same tme etec cmprehesbe capabe ben eae pssesse b everb. '8I rer t ae cear these e o s t te bstrct spe chacter the ew hstrc ste ege vesthe eapes f the ch n cotrst to te ut te c n ppst t the oak.

ether hw fr te e o t bstract racter o

the new s eer eteabe to ture seems eve tdayst cut t ece t s o whe te eess patters nrc ature s ar better k t t s toa wet s thus pssbe t speak mre coretey d ete other st that t w be cear weter hw r te chacter the emeret ew ebts sm smpcty abstractess What suggests tse ore re s te

ppct ths e to orgac ture eve tu ereo here s certa o re oogeety wth umsto. The ch s t ready a v beg butsutaeous seprby ro ts so socl hstca be y case t s r to elmte coscousess rom ege's ss te od o ppce o te ew but t s specc crcterst o sol be ttoscusess s t smpy a cosiousess soetg tatotc rems cmptey deret towrds ts begk but rer tse orms ts presece r absececectess r fst a compet beg tus cscusess the toca sese s o ere eppheomeorrespectve wether ts ocrete roe te ve e sprt or vshn sm. N mtter how ts questois ece at the eera tc eve ege's thess

sgnes fr the ont o soc beg urter etremey7



OOLO

importt d rui tul cocrtizto o th rocss chctrWh com o to ith lour shll hv todiscuss i mor dtl ho mortt th ctgor o th ws or th cotts s tctur d tdcy o soca ig ts

cotts pct h o cours ot touchd on. utgl ws th rst hiloohr who cm to s o thsqustio o structu i grs sructu chag thusoc gi i th om o pocss. o impot plcths cosidrtios ssum i Hgls ovrall cocptio issho y th y th h mmditly dircts hs c h folmic gst th dialctc o chllig .. gt thultmat orm o thos cocptios tht oi shd th procs

charactr th c o th asolut gl prsss thsopostio in th shst ho: To t this sglsrto tht "i th Asolut al s o, gast thogzd whol o dtrmit ad comlt owdg oo oldg whch t lst ims t dmds comptdvopmtto gv out its Asout s th ght i whch s l cos cth i vr nivet o

mptiss o olg 9I o tmpt o ummz ht is most sstil gs otolo rom ht hs so otid v t th sult tht h cocivs rlity totty ocompls tt ar thmslvs t rltvly tot thtth ojctv dialctc cosists th rl gss d sldvlopmt tracto d sythsis o hs comls tht thror th solut tl th ptom o thstot movts c v rch stdstill o rmovddrc toward cocrt movmts tht t is hritsl movmt, procss as th coct sythss o rmovmtithout judc to s solut chrc tht th orig orm o th gl cotrdicto thdtity o dntty d o-idtity, rmais surpssly

ctiv t asolut too. This dictc oologc cor



E

g iooh tand in dnt contat to the gic hirarcica contruction h t Heg hm rnc i oot ion on occon, but e tme ain cat it de ibrat d ad to th ogic unty s hu he res e stat the doctrine o notion that senc aris being an the notonr essnc nc utiat aso ro big e a,v intrting chaactritic, Bt t i bcomg h ignicance o a pon, o that t rathr otco hic t nconone d ona. 10 nhis admsin ich takn o ts oca concuon wouvtab ovrtho hi nt ogca t or at t

nanta at it av th ruh o te utate ai gs ntoogca conction i that rat (the or ntin ontoogc r that ence ntooc oban ro reat beng ro ne, abtactin and that thore ogc rrouc te te toogica atios n a ditotd uccsion toug on that cssa o ogica hoogica taoint.

i inigt is i or viib ant in a ar treatmnt t nccopa er g irect ra the quton to givn th rorit o th notion h oe not ti t gnning o i ss H take -v t ctiv ( ontgc it i the notonat s te u bgnning ad at bing and eenc e a ociv (ontoogica tandon i divatie. e a is nc hi roc n te oe o reentan: th Ntion re t at e Logic, n ie crct in oit contnt a th unt oBng a nc th ooig qution ou come u:at a hink unr th trm "Bing anc d do t c to b ebracd in thit o t Noti? But i r t qution thn bgnning th th Ntin be r nomna11

Bin ti odogic ccssion th is cou73



ONTOLY

more h egel hm a we o 's deccmates etment of i qeton a o how that he sngpont of e not nsed, ontoogc pmd reael tot coml does not exclu th regessonn hough to astractd elments ut fct precseques t must simpl e compltel clear n hsonnecon ha he re oin of dprtue a rea tself,hat ts dssecton stcon lads o ctgores of eection, d tha th nttic constructo of these, whchroides ph to koldg of he rt i not thogression of reait ilf en i h categoes deltionshp that hu · i must of curse s mntal

eprouction of ret h n ooloc an not alogc chcter Th iternl dson n Hegel's loc h tsoos, e too, n h coceion of the identcal sujectobject, whch no onl doe no perm cle dstnctonbetween on tologc catgo d logc an epstemoogcones, not onl constantl conues tem, u so prmentlsuordnats the ontologcl poston to th perpeces of

he logc herch d in hs wa oles and dsortshem. re Hegl do nd omehng ftull new in the epsemologc sense hs i ehr concousl or unconscoul drecl dpnde on hs e oolo

Ths si ton s mos cl evden f w fer o the momportan mthoologc dicoe of Hgl he reecondeterminons. We belv, d hope o shw n he followng presentatons, ha th i the cenre of hs dectc, othh decic of the dnmic nd stctre of real sef at ndependen of cociounss, d tht of s erentreecons n the subjcti conscousn t s onl oondersdble ha Hegl hmlf drectl pos hs qs ona one of epstemoog e if in he majo new sense of hisow pistemoo, pofoundl deren fom that of hsforenns d folowes ie h of his nonolo of

Md W s fundme hs work hower s he 7



L

ethoologc pec t: how he aou ae, caee, e. hum tought, a e mue rc asrments of the menta an practca mteng o ret,se, pe th te eeme, n he hum

consconess how ther uccesse paa r redos ea to the eoluton o moe o ee berdapted to the true unerstng of ret, unt a genune smmlaton of ret c ase n the form of the subject. the ollong scusson we nten, on the bas o ourtcsm th preous secton, to set e the peccHegelan sluton th tranformaton of substce toubject, an ase ony the re reut o ths proces. t

chacterstc that egel treats the rse of the reectondetermnatons n the Ecycoadia a sec a os e ttle of Phenomenoo'. e procees here from ew o the wor at the ee o enepercepton, aestgates ow out of the nteelaton between ret he human attemts at mteng t through ubjectt, he ttr ss tse to the leel of the abtracte nte ct or

erstng [ Vrtad] The natur' procee o m n nua object n ret aemp grp thee tr recl en for n ther apparent olaton. uts t m stousl produces ts poste, the relatng h l t ojts to one other, an t s ths ort th soteous behaour owards h h rt tmiatons se. The ontt ssuus susss s tself alectca. t s sppose e sgl slt u ut . just tnng tslf nu ott o other t relates tsel ros ht t gs u an beon tslf, at s tr s t has te othr sl truh of what s dteu s thr ts ress to another. The ms f s rl e hose whch ce

s 2 s emt o sujtt75



OOL

e eor o sp rei i hog es rise o undersdg, the t immeite home f e reectiondeteminions

s seems to inoe rst nd foremo question pisemoog ne, moreoer, tt of deisie signcce fo tsition in wic Hegen philosph too senot mre in purl isorcl sense rstricted t tisprod, but rr a impont d een centr questionfor serous toug bout reit ese ectiondeermintions tus red surfced i Kt pticurl inhs most dectc wor, t C"tiq of gnt Here,of course, th he pey pistemoocl chrcter; t

e distinishd purel b wter te llow i toutte pth from e eer to te rtculr o ic ers Te no drct conecio wit te probl t w dcisifor Hegel, t o e rsiion from undrstding to reon n Kts ce, understding nd reo re lcd iexclusi opposion o oe notr, i mtscl wPure eo is tscedet owrds l eoe d c

neer tt n dqute eircl use But wile Kntscoce o reso cris wit i t t trsctl lctice ei o n ossbilit o owng tis i tslsonic iloso sttig i cli geer irrtolistic trscdc, i wic retion c to e s s or oost d eit o o tsolut thod o piloso tis w, t oe-siddcriticis o the undilctic crcter o e ere ursing leds o lep into trscendnt irtiolit wtis coutosed to e undersnding is o it g ron tht rises out o its o cotrdicios t l isrr d to bstrctl itllct ccetio sotig tt s we e rd r i ot coct io so ld to t boiion o cotrdictos tig t o otir oblitertio in t sote e le otte

tie o is colotio i ci it sc 76



L

duction o the unertdin. He rote in his Jen noteoo: Reon thout undetding is noth thoughetning is somthng tout eon. The uner ing cnot e dispense ith.

For egel reon rises itse l ove understdig n so r it recoizes the truecontrdictory d dilecticltionshp eteen ht pper to e completely utonoous d ineeently eistig ojects i lie i the oesonding ctegoies d ctegoric elton inject ive eli ty d in corect hought ve c o eso hus siulteosly contion d oliti o the derstdings coceptio o eiy Hegel dects ts

positio i the cse o ceti rticulr ctegoies in the l log tes Th te lte [ reso te oject steried i d o itel is the idetity o coet o o unves d ticl hs o te redestdig it lls ito o d co tet intoivesl d ticul d ito m i -itel o hic deteinteness is dded o outsde tht theoe i

e thikig he dsdig the te is iieet its o he i ehi ikig of Ro c ode itel£ destdingand reo thus confrot th sm objct wold (o s w i t od o t l th- tl l dieely i diee e s e ecesyd c o uded c t dc s s d l s s o e ci eil o t dedg d de d il cy tllct ct o thi oi d ectc co coc iere oo e tde oo es e s ei o i to th

e t i



OOLOY

mevee namc cmes er muyamc cnnecns where he en s a rp e rec ce s absrc uhwever ncsve hs sn ma be n n es

e ws ee uws h unersn bube ee ws he same eus h sme caeges rinces r re he same bu ern e re .e he reecn eermans s ha he uersa eecs s n a ase rec sne hwever a ecc cnrac nne cran.

I we cnser eges esemgca ah rm uner

sg reas s ech scce e ae ce. I cnr earer hnkers r hs cnerrsge mage a he unas r we acmpe yamc cracr re cssn ttaites smeth ha ha eeae he sem hs reecesrs. e ae he hgher eve ren h w aanbe he r a f knwe h n

em s he nhenme a he ev h ersg he sh ran knwege the ukwabe rem he hgtse hs ccsm he uersn ea hm wh Schen e Rmcs he nebuus eam aasm. I s husute jusiabe sa wh ha e aecc s ae kwege Bu s epsem as a her he subjecve ecc smuaeus awas resuppses a .e. a her he becve ecc re an sce heere cnceves he rcess mmess aunmus m r he rrucn et hugh hs hess ees a cer ear suppemea. I s wek hw n he esem the me era mmess as g cmee shehe ecepn s hsphc merasm where we eve

u he ge presemets Der assume a7



strce, mechnc phtogrhic frm. o t is ne f e frdpnting pecs f te miit that re nge s doctrne of the dentca suject-ject tht it contne germ f diectc mmesis as a hdden cmoet. Fr,

e ethd f Hege's onolo requrs, here s nstemocl pressn, tt f the mteng f the ord he n thught, tus so inng te rogressom understdng t res that runs pe ith thatom the direc mode f appence f ret to ts essence.hus the dctrne of the dentic suject-jec des ntm permt the recognitio of the soute pot f ing-n-itsef to ts ecomg-for-us i knwedge, ut

e gc f thgs itsf lso roduces, ces cectoordntn f the sujecte nd jectie pnpes, he nte, though never conscius eorted, premnnce of the tter. ndeed, whe these teren pre cursesof suject d jectit d cose to miess, thead simutneus, een if t simi amit, t he overcmng f ts mdern, me hic apicatin, d t

rpprchement to the mre dctc one of Arstte. oud f curse n ered n ths cnnectn hathe er phsph f ths perod, snce Kt fct, hen elrte he cte role of the uject n the owedge process. But it shoud s e nted here htHee strctl rejected the create actit f the sujec ne sense of Kt d Fichte Fo Hge, ths tit wsever more thn moment of t ndestructe nteronecto etween sujectit d ojectt, d thus the ssence of the ctt ws t succed n estishig reatinip t the ord tht wud not reet the reea ion f he ods jecte nte, ut oud rather prte ths,ecse penetrtng d trnscendng the mede orms f appence. T h h loos upn the rdtnl, the ord n ts urn rsets rtnl spect.

is s f eer o the Goete hom Hene ed the 7



OOLOGY

od osdd ics d c

is sia o osd gs d o kodg idd o oog socos o sis odcs s u osiio ds o i g sisd s o dis gdg o sg Eo s o c agos g's dci ss ss ges s ogicsic oo og s dc o og ut a o ig T og sss ds dsadig o so fo o gas

ssi o dios sscaa-iuso s dig o gi octi dd o ig ossc idde o og u ofdi duiest of es diios oifs id t o is i ooogicaacisi is beatd fo ogcis ostait o

dei scoc Fo is oo o g s oooc sto fo asac g o scc d o ss is ugiec idas dco s o sso og odg ids o stact g o o ss (ag oad o s co ) i s i i a o o do ssc at os ooogi sgoi

o i it is oss o asio toc o ig (aa so i ooogioc s ogis og s dsd ( s si oog disssio is d o o ss ooc s is s o a o d s dd i Tsi is o d o udsd g si

o ssc as oo (i o



EE

e se d e ge e nt ae ge

e t t ut ey e parab

oe te. We e w t e eve e, e d e ee dete its

o o ege e deded te ese te esee tis is neived s o, ste ods t (w itse s setg ew t) t lo e te e d t ld e ee e eel e e ig eo deteti ssee, ee do t o e ged egiesd e e die t tst te th e

i d etii s oeede ees ee ie ee i s deeg s ees eel ise tesses ts t o o lede elti t e et io ee d essee d ss o wie ts e e d o te ee tets e eistgd o d e eto t essee

e d s ededl t t et d e e de etios egns ei tt ees ee e eew pssg o t im! so o t sse pic o d o l togt is oy ld o ills d ee I s e i e o ode oeois soiet d ,

"i e e

lzd. Bu a ses sopial pnps a ed o teolod de sto I te lyi, et de ' oud es om· a c ld et o te d i rese

ld d led



NTLG

e mor reed oe r time. Te redomnce o e pite mo-oic oms e ds o coce to o te e ssece tt mkes t tly ccse to um scitc

siht, such wy tht te esse ce i o be imy

bstction ce td y te subect, otaine y bstcto

rom sse ex pere ce, u wic , rece for ths reo, o moe to do wt e ity t exits isel th dots o oudtons, the e xee ce of te es oe -

tio d eceion ; sometie s ee n es t tese. Ad e we t oce ss of bstcto s eted om ex eec,

d e ceis utoomous fom Kt' ce a pn"ori oe -the ubdge be seton o ece d

esece ( ooloca ctgoes) e ms ucged. Theslies of de eopmt wth my rtos, ru rght

hough to cotemoy ossm.Hel's hiosohic eoutio, s dscory o

focussg o th eectio detemtons, cot oe the otologcal emo of the chm of soute eatio etwee ence d eence. n so te eec

is coceived eithe eisti d tcedet, o toduct o oces o mt tctio ut the momet o dyc come , wic ece, ece d luo cotiuousy ss to oe ot, te eectiodtemitios show themsee i tis e cocetio imily otooc ccte. We ed kow oy toow how Hee teted tee otooc coecto edominty locistc comex, to eet us fom

eceivi, eid wht pe to e ely loca eettio, the otooc tions idden n them. descto, Hege oceed fom the int iect d ence stct ad udeveoed ee of such comees, utthe eltohi of essece e aedy c ectie ee t tis te of owede : . . . wt conots ieee] is ony illo ei [Sein J Te uoy eig,

howee, i eece o ositg . thi uoy i i 8



EL

not o ext to or other th essence on te con, t en o luo . he hown of t uo thn en t o hatn on, ect o the ha contrt,eon na tother, hat the one c n no waext thu h or, proe th ontoogc founatonr the ooc path rom erstn to reon;th or ns sone at th ee o th me contraton, whch howee itelf ooa ropert o the coex, whie the tterau rae sf up to comphen e coplex s a ata a ees o trstons that cannot e

e he. a o the et that i ecogne en

u cont n the oments of et beng smulteous nea oth autonomous coelate, theth s atel fase f one o these relatons s gen asout ortace that excues its opposte, an also if the ernce contactons ae obi tete n i t s put.

Esence, apece usion us eecton ete·mnatons n o f each of them epesss the eton·h ee apee i the appece of esence, aneer esence ppes n som o ote, nt c be esent thou ths dnmic d contdicto ionsip, ech of them contnuousl peses ges up ts ownexstence n so f t enters nto ths pposed eation. e eecton etenations, coectl sed, tus eso noton the r ut of eemngl utonomous ent ies, cs nherte fom theolo ut is sti ectie tod, bu the sae tme so te smill od udice t te imeiate xe foms of ojectit, fome b oth thngness, he some in of ontologc pioit oethe mere reatonshps, connectons, ec tht spate unte te, n whc thei actul intectons ae

expree. hese elatonshps snd ontologc t e sme 83



OOLOGY

ee of reat oject th now n. Bo s recognze reon n oth ce agentwt ret th oe teon of coect thought . n gew, then, t no onger po to p of ojct extgn such uch a wa, ut ther eatonhp, onnon,etc. eng ent prouct of a proe of atacton o oother experence.

t atur poe here to th ec more et. t ucet to etah tat wth thsconcepton of the connecton etwen nc, appece luon, Hege ncat te gene of oneternaton. The futhe gent of th e cton

of hs gc exten to the ot portt catgoe of t ts adequate owege eon. Hee, too, a coprehne rou prentaton of the poe mpoe, w h ae to cone ouee to a fewcentra pont. e hae jut een how owege of the ecton eternaton, characterstc of te tctue nac of e, prode th ectc rpn o

ageo queton storte b theoo cptotheoo.Further concretizato the aplcaton of ths new methodleas us dectl nto the heat of the aectc. The reaton,shs that Hegel nestgates n other wor e thoe nwhch the ost pmte form of beng of oject(ncung processe, etc.) s sble a that of ther reatonshp to themseles simutaeous to ee other moe o f beng, i a seres of categores of reson nto objecttnng from entt through to contradcton. Here agaa break s made th te traton ew, n so far Hgedemontrates the derence n dett tself ad the ipctresence of contractn n sme dstncton ; the reectonchaacter coere n the aarentl ogca tautooc categor of ientt , whle ad cosel connectedHege dscose the dsolube reat of the referece to the

other Ths ecton artcul s the obect o a re4



mtly ogc deelopmet hch ses dectly dteousy fom the ee ogc teatmet f the matea dscussed ut fo that e ea moe ofte coceshat s ffu d ew th exposes t hch s h a fee

tepetat that somemes goes eod the text tself saodale hee We eee, hee, that a pesetato of hs d c ma competely the fameo of Heges utmte tetos, d does t hae t touce ythg feg to hs de, o at let thig foeg o atedec tht s csaty at wok s thught. Hs eates ctai a mst teestig cfess coectoth the eato of actua esech to ues pcpes,

whch ce eects the tea stgge f te yougHege etwee lgca pcpes d tologcly cceedectty. Ths psage ges ou teett a ass nHeges o meta cocts: I studyg a scece t secessary ot to get dsacted y pcples These e geead do ot sgfy much. It seems that y that whch scul s sct. Pcples ae ofte eve ad. hey

e te cscusess f tgs, d thgs e ofte eteh coscusess 20Hegels lec aast the tutly A = A ce a

ceeds fm e otoogca pty f the complex gast ts slated elemets (We shuld t get thsect the decse ole played y gc tuto eopstist eistemy.) Hegels ets hee e dectedtwads desttg that detty tse e telat t e the dece ct e eliated the gca fom i whch Hegel epesses ths is tht the aw of idetty tsef, d st me the l f ctdict, s oteey f analtc ut f ntetc tue2 1 Ths aeadyshows that hs eyes detty s categy of exstgectty, d des ot just elg t ma lgc. hs htwo mportt csequeces f the otoogca compe

hes of ths sees f pres hch Hege sedm daws85



OOLY

h own wor, ut which neh cnt throuhu h ent

e coud e ut n oen thoong t: e per tence d the o o dn i

it a re proc Here the pcc He exenono Heracu doctne of the unrt d onotenco cong exred rom a new ge n oh word, dent ojcte propet (dentty o soh white, d if th oject std n continuou rocie teraction th t uoundin it e exitence en he tepor trent reut o nte roce, roughtorh y te recroc pay o t componen, thencontnuou chge e neceay rought out d the quton w contty ise to whether the oject n itae o chge t the same hs queston ha a peaonooc mortce in o a t mut e were eeren at h erent ee o eng, accorn o he dirnt rcure and dnaic inoed of the tead extea eeato Ts c ve ris to mortt

d ntereting queon ee at th ee of inorgc natre,ptar in the aea o what Hatmn caed pae'he tuation in orgic ature i more compcated, andontooc more mportt Snce ee organc engmant its extence in a oce of interna reproduction(i the du sene oth otoeetic d phyogenetc , whie iuteousy inoed i contiuou interaction wth itenroment thi persistc o o of idetit i a concete roem of the kind that idvida sciece that to e taen srou mut costat conce i tse with

St ore compcated iteeatos arse at the ee of soa ein Without ev ing ae to indicate here the dnamic coonents o tis it is edt that it i a scieticuestio o the t ord a to wethe a aton , a c, or ot eti t do to ididua , matain or oses its

o detit It s sucit to ot ot how Hege de6



it t ici o the particulat of the ujct. ntquit tis w the dece moment of the downf of tate d socet, whle n the prent t th founaton of i istc 2 The fact that what ege rlate hr

oogicl om ws ater conceed Mx wth centcactss as a g i the ocoeconomc functon of mmi d mo capt etwen the two pero,o as stil mo cearl th mportc of tm o t otolo o f social eng. The preponerantiiti ttmt tat tis prolem recee at the h of g t slt tat t h uul een etherttck de ndd alo on logc groun, genra itll. peset cuon cannot en cm toit t cocd otologc pect extene, et s tm l l tat we hae tred to o to ncae t olm itslf ad its ar-achng conquence, whimltael ct lght on how decse for the egialct ic is its rmlaton � ent d nondentt.

is la to t scod rolem th alectca chn

tt ocs om idti t vi dierence d dtncton, tod it oosito and contradcon. ere too, th atrc o ts dmtal imortt anae of g lativl slgh o more ecaue thc o o i tatio h concealed the ontolocatts ti i it d ld to the result tht whe a lot attto h i to the wo eeme of entt ctctio to coctig aniton tage hae o igod. Tis i al the more t iig i o stio tt is methoologcall l tsitio o tit to qut, h enjoed geatlit amog Mist d her opponent (We halt lt t t istemologc d ontologc founaos o tis tctal ait peang qute genera,at i vo i tt t ontoogc ealm o the

co tmitios t ot or declne of a momnt,87



ONTOLOGY

n the ilectic eltionshi tht conttut comlexoes not ake te fom of contnuous ocess; on te cnt tese ntecton oe les t deent ons,sudden chges n the tctue d dnmc of the comle

tht wt the concete context . hee fetues e wtobjectiel le t the bs of thoe of eges ment thtwe now he to el wth these e t the hghest eelof genelt unfotunte hee too wth eontlogc fom t s stl nteestng to obsee, owee, howhee thee mott ontologc ostons bek thoughd bng to light the hien ontologc fountons of the logc guments h Hegel ss of eence: eence

suc s le imliitly contdcon; fo t s heof sdes which e onl n so f te e not on i the eton of des whch e on sete in thm lton '2 3 Te nc n dlect cl connectiontht egel sees hee, .e tht eence the fom n whchcontcton exsts n telf, genel n e wt sconceton of ll eeloent we c efe to te ses

fom te enonolo quote ele ccong to whiceeting new t st emeges n bstct fom (meel ntslf) ul to eelo nto moe concete foms. At thshgh leel of genelt, eelomentl tenences of thiskn obtn ncee imotce The show how, n te couse of smle gowt cetin comlexes of ojects thei eltons c ss tough c quttie tsfomtions wch howee e not just suden, dnot ultimtel the ouct of chce, but e ecse inthe ecse becomng othe te oducs of u cll chnges. Fnngs of this n e extemel scnt foontolo whole We m ndcte be tht in the ce of hghe nd moe comcted moe of beng, these eltoshs thee cque hge chctestcs of ohs gn ouces sees of eer ete hnce

quttel deent comlcton, nnng fom te smle 8 8



G

orms of ojectiit o inorgic ntr, i rns, i horganic world (eg. h henono o mio), righthrough to socia eg, series in whichgi ollowing hlw of he ontoocal diecticthe higher orms coti i

hem something indedcibl new, t hih sil oncome nto eing on the sis o the more siml ihobeinginitse f , the re c e no e ingor-itse l.

If we now p s on to the td major group o rtio

determinations , immedic and mediio, r o rodi or presenttion h dicult h hil Hgl dplostis ir of determinios cotiosl rllthroughout hs philosoh, h nowhr dels h hm i

ticu, not een in connection ith th rcioneterminations; een though h mos ig gl isscient to ercie h is ssi i his r odeterminations, ml hir si rort o biojectiel isee i h o idd dutonomous modes o r, d sbjcivl hirinolment in te eltio rom drsding o ro

Hege nturl lso strsss is mode o , rwigttention to the ct th, hogh h two "oens orfctors present themsels dis i, still nihr of them cb sent, nor c one ist fro the othr'2 threcedig remars he h indictd th boh o hs r ob fond in consciosess' Her h ohs, hogh s shl see one-sided w, on imort ricli othese reection determintions, ie hir likg h hnowing suject o belie th his oio oHegel's is on r in h cs o immdic, d o i ho medition Mediion is mos obji vr grlctegorc summritio o l h orcs, rocsss, ctht ojectiel determin the omig into beig, thfnctionng, d the ctici o coml Ths thr c bneither in nature nor in socit object which is no i this

sensd it s so te sens ht Hgl hs i mi me89



L

oject, a prodct of diatios. Mediatio i ths sense s ojective, otologca cate o, ic s e preset i arei ty depedetly of te sject

egel was o the oter hd largel coct i deig

iediac a catego o cosciosss. Of course, whatcoscosness coceivs idiacy s silaly ne todeite ojectiv acts, d ol idcd y the. For o the oe had, all processes o diato ivolv te existence of coplxes, d this sitatio xsts ojectivl ven if it isnot coceive y a cosciosss t edacy of thescoplxes. Ths is particlarl rlevat for iorgic nature,were idiac tat xists i tself ths wa oly

ecos n the h cosciosess a exstece for s , h no otologc sicace or th diation procss. Onthe othr d, howevr, thr s aso a r ecacy of the iediate which ds ot hav to go thogh y nd of conscousness, d i l ces real does eter to areecton relatonshp wth the eiation. Ths s the case wth orgic natue, where the lvig eng, whether plt or

, coes nto a reciproc relatiosip wth its eviroet a selfreprodcig ole. ere complexes e inojectively ieiate interactio with oer copes, te trsietl complete ad ctoig hole eteg destroed ito a diately ecessa coection thother siilar hole. (T act that sciece h adaldiscoved the ediatios tat tese relatoships of dac have th one aoter dos ot act this qestio . t

is oly i specicy h, socia ig, eve if alrady at ave prtve stage, laor and i speech, that iediacd edatons e oh sparat ad coed, ad appear ontologc reecon dteriations. ere e e tusconfoted wth a categocal relatoship tat is caractest icof soc eing oe, ve togh, e hav se, even aspecicl soca deteriatio o this id col not e

prest thout havig had its orers' atre. egl90



L

so oroo th oca scac o this rcontraton i hon b his an of ha bi acon natr n th Pilosopy of in

ths tch not to xtnd to ntir o t Spob to ntrpt th who doctr of ssnc n fa a this can b tan s a hol i st t bot that i t s prciy hr that th idst oolo of thntca sbct-obct xhbts t dci ditotng nt th logca uctio' of on ction rination fo oth i coq hrchcaagt (th lat hgh catgo t th' o th

cig lo o) Bids h oais of h ogcich that ha alra idicat this gi rs to aw a ot port ontologc prob th proof th inions of catgor a ony b ab tolciat in fhr cors of this icsio to whatxtnt gnin ontoogca catgoi a chaacttc of ncay htrognos rai a o of xpron of

t-dinsona charact of his If a chcto tinatons fo d cotnt o ssnc pac i is dt that thy tay htogno o o o ocs d h hy fo fqly ola o ot thati t oio c oly adqtl coci inogh i si d fdl cocrtd si of is icli o o s cssl ooi liy hss lf is hogos i is s to o hodoloic pobl o otolo hich at thsl of gliy ol i d o sold hat s h is ios oologic slfo of oogii og i cssay hd i s ii d sogs oogiig

dis o pil foio of loc9 1



OOLOGY

atc cocs is is th o fo h ntisccis hat atly stss Hg'sogcly oi pstaio of hs otolo as ll i oosit dicio o sotio of ty byooiiis iissl d fo otologica

lod o am os slf i ts colabotio o that shold i o ay m cond topilosoy sc b sold t g spontoslyi c scitc aa s qi tha athatco i ysics biology cooic c sol alays bitptd pysicly iologicly coomicy a s o if coct pobs sls a ot to b dsto

s oologc fodio b is a sa anidissl postula o scitic cocss dxcss ic o sciists ho a l fast oai lism' sp ssu of prjdcs to thcoay cosanly clay l i ty ot alasilosoicly qid o xss i dqtly

sc qsto o is lt-dsioaliy s cocal

i g tts o o s cio miaio. l ss a gr dl o oological coplxy of qstio i so fa s discusss fo i ys as ctio at of ssc of t n of cotc gi i is sccsio dcio o odtiio fo o t is ls ftful scto satio is cily coc ts cio lios l coditio o oth d ass

o io c o lio o fo nd a io ollos' o o ssc d fo o tlio o o d co o t o sccssiod coclusio cod ll b o ay od fo og is io is giy o to csic i os ito y i aio isio o co oly o o

oi i coo i id o dcio l



EL

more mport coeqent, the, are Hgttept to g t t o o a ctconaton. noe n a poc, o th agnthoe who coner the content the oe trnt o

jectt a ce th for a mere acceo gncce, agant thoe who e o n th for act, worng prncple, agant wch mattr ometng nerentl etermne or pae We o not ha to go ntohe htor of phooph to ee tat oth thee two extreee plae a et role n hm thought, occonatl o so Hege retaon geer hae a preomnantl epstemoogc character he procee from the

rectl gen pctoral repreentaton, ae the contractons o the epartng an oatg procere of the netdng, n th wa ee to gp the e of eon, th ectca connecton an oppoton o theeecto etrnaton. In th wa, he oten are atenne aectca ormuons of the reecton raton.Th whch appears ctivit of form, ao no a

ovmn blonn o mtt itl.25 Or, rgarng orn content The esenta pont to ep n n aot the oppoton of Form d ontent that th cotent notomes u om n on l, q a ch fom s etern to t . We e here n preence,pctl of the solute coreaton of content for: z ther cproc reon o that content nothng the reulso of form nto content form nothng t the uson o ontent no form 2

The ce at egels concepton o or as aecton eemnaton repreents const aoe a n the f th e nceton o orm teeoogca contonedough o n no longer ojecte onto nature t rkngl s stots ontoo; n th w, too, s pt the oesded d flse port of form the

ct pcle thou ctt d reate



etermnng ucton eg n s a spage. sfuncton now rather appea n amot coect proport ons aa moent o a aectc nteracon. e ut n the prosoamost, ecause Hege reuent coect pro

oun concepton of nteracton t uers rom the stortng enences o hs sste. nce the stem can onlcre a re ece, rectonng ontoogca roe tothe ea tse, ths nteracton ut e a n of ace eteen force o funamentl eu status , a n of statcsnthes of nac forces. or e re, on toogclgn cant eelopment, howeer, the ecse nteractons are rst foremost thoe n whch hat M w later to c

the preomnt moment come nto pla. Hegel, heer,on ascres uch a role to the ea te, he therefore neta unerestmates the ontooc portce of thsn o nteracton, whch s othese coect unerstoo.Hegel epreses hs conceptn n the folong terms:Recproct s unoute the proxmate tth of the relaton of cause eect, sts, so to sa, on the

threshol of the noton; ut on that er oun, supposngthat our m s a thorough comprehense ea, we shoulnot rest content th applng ths reaton. we get nofurther th stung a gen content uner the pont of ew of recproct, we e takng up atttude which leavesmatter utterl incorehense. '2

Ths gves the ontologc nngs prouced reectoneternatons, whch e so mportt, a oue davtage. On the one h nature appea as somethng that,consdere a whole, s statc, whch, as w hae seen,coesponds to Heges fase overa concepton; on the otherhd t ecome n m ces mpossle to nestgate coectl the ncreng mportce of the preomntmoment n the nteractons an nteeatons at the aioustages of eng. n a ew nstances Hegel hmsef sees ths a

prolem when n the ccloped, n the sae ara



HGL

grph y qo h s h gizd op of folssss nd lls h i is sory o dsi is h f of h igh o 8 his i s coplly coi h s of h oolo of soci ig his is hrgl s his pl fo i i oly o s h fo pos fo lologil po s o hssy lis o igh og hs fo pl dli isi podio folss' i gl's hil pl h i sd s of foloiions is i o y folss dsi is d foiil ss old slid s gs Hgl'sdi�cssios o p d ol o l d i

hgh hs i y pl ly ipo hdi; so fo his is il gl ily ogizdol h lology iold i lo piy hpd his io qi g piipl (lology h of his d is in pilosopy of hi ld o ss of lolgy d is spiigi i h oology of soi igposid ' lology

d spoosly i sli s io diosig osdo old o lsi of gl's o of ss s

o s s f l i of h gois of odiy s gl oologl d hog ii l ip sgs sill o sgl h i o p il s i opio of i

s gois f oldg d disili islf o i oologil ipio is isldy pssd i h ois li s of his o i is id fo isologyd logi ssi fo h fo oi of osidio f odl i il fo y i oology li is oi o i ll odl diios ildig

i s sd id is



OTOLOG

of cos a this-sidd otoo it th wor dot a ooca o crypto-thooca o or n th attrid th is s st and foost tat go b aso cssity h iocab fact ct of rait,paps its ost ipott iaty otoogc triatio ths cos y a od of apparac f ota isio hid ic i aos rs according to thios oogis aso cssity, ppos th w of od c a spposdy a isi y way of raon ss ddc fo this Bt thos bas on aa-scitic of th od f th conc thcosos as god y a asot d strct ncsst

itioay a a siiary aastic cocpio of ratfocss o at g this to os ts nt, actcac d s to b sc to a of psiio (tho od) whth o or no Thsatt ait s today prdoity ony of hstorcsigicac sic h o dopd atra-scntcconcpio as og sic passd bod ths poston h

daaio oy has occioa tiia itr ftssc s Ntscs ta cc i Hgs of cos as o ispd ad itia th it isoy

Hg's thoy o odaity xhiits a stog tnnc tooco ai tds of his i ad to it th cntaso t is is d h cocds his copcatds o cssity ith t ods it s so bcas t

is 2 s sc ipis at cssity is basd on rat o o ay od th othr hand howr, os hich ha aady discssd othrcocos i aing ith t icosistc i th rat o too th qso that at to bcoca d fitf that of id cssity is ntosog tooca o thoogic so f th

ocog o this idss is id it t ato of 9 6



pos H athogh Hg oly fs to hislt itpttio of bo his ti gizao of this tioship as hi to posit poidc Thsd of biss by isght to cssi ty os it

tioa oct ss fls ito th old tlooisly bc th giztio hs yod sociig yod th soiy otologic sii of tho ssity h gi otologi ppoh to thoditio of cssity to lity is ot osisttlyr thogh

thi ts dp tity hih hs its soc igl's dl ontolog H is on th on hd on of th

sos of thos ho soght to oci ity i itsnti cotditory"opxitys th opl and dyni

t tio of di oplxswhil o th o

hn th o-xtnsion of on hih in ios fos

oi my li phiosophis i ti �togy ato i his o. h siplst ps of oi ifh tght tht th posss of thi xistc i

octi ity ti cophsi i tht thtsio of dstdig d o b ipott ih tig of lity pisy s ths istts o od o id is i th fts d thi sssio H thtooy of dtdig d o is ot ilsoisly bs th ssti is ad lf otty d sip to pod t th lotd of dilt tooos o Tho th tio of lity is ot thoht tho stogy gos th ilsio tht th totity f ity oid it ad tio syst ocpios of this d t th si of y thoogi loog systs d thy o pp i o sizfos. h iig coct olg of th fts bot

t oity d fts thi ocptio ith 9 7



at f an s as a i as Hgl i nii f aan a asilas cti all-ging nisal ncialig a i an d in cogio of h

ltia ispassabl fai i of al is lat cis l ifl i gl o i aicla in cin o ni oigc olai tinaios g i i qtion o o o ca i io nghs o icoclsio Naall og lo n his col logcis aolos o xal h Hgl sncssit as t ni o ossibili an ctali ischaactistic of is ini ich is oc b hi coc ii sns i io of is i ha altogh as is gl iil ad this of pssio o gis pcil ho int ibl ii o y dil oof nssi '0

Mo iott l los

cto laons si a ningH Hl consis oig a a a a b a a b a in a s bin ot-b an hos bi i is s os snot o itslf b o ohing ls 3 H Hlctal gasps on of tingc col altgh to t co iin is n osistl ihog Fo h ltia aio sl lis isfn o h oth i i fact a il an inilcas sqc consi i isolai a ll b silasl in i a i ali onl o islf otthin coplx i hi laion of sinol aks th fo f cingnc Fo insanc i a ilfo a oof fals o ss h i o ictanl casa ; s ssi i a tha

i sion ha tis c xa a at



HEEL

prcis i, prhaps bcas t is hs nor ro oor Th coningn ths as on n conx o thoncrt copx in h t ration of hronoons of a copx procs On or h on c

s say at t contignt s prcy fro nsris f drnaio, i so far as th spc of thnach id iida posssss nts of contnnc n raio spcis Hg sa cary th hrogno chnsf bt bcas h cd a opnt copt na sf, h did ot ri at th ictic o connncnd ncssiy h as ar o for th catoca s oDariis s insigh as ch cr in th ca o oc

ig cognid fo xap th dcs ro tha hcig pays i spch in a, in t, tc Howr, arady niond o-xtnsio of ron h ocsid h aboii of oningncy in a pr ptoogca y, fo h on-sd stpoint of hpracic and hnc o s it a abosh n thinsih io h rionships ha cas t, n th practca

apid f ig is ss, hras ontooca hs ssipy a qsi f nodg an of th pracicadiio f conigncy Yt Hgs corrct nons s a copxs ha contt hi na d sciy cngncy s tocsi issb cin aion, an a t isis d ih cssiy in h factcit of yi s gs o onoogis so nss id o-xnsion of ncs on h coc cocpion of rai on th othr,d id g i i spcic synthsis cators r gs b ndissoby in b rcioniis

s gs ps appy h tho of i diis o h agois of odaty ha

is cocio g aays ats pars of 9 9



oat togthr t t co to coctpoton oton wn h ogc o not bar thwa. attpt to conr t ob of pbt n ax nt h rt tho c tf.

or Hg poibt wa otng that xtt on rn pobit n raton to othr chgngrit. Th actat whch conttt th posbt of othng s thrfor not it on poibilty, bt thin-tlf of othr atual· t s tf th actalt whichoght to b sbat pobt posbit onl Thisn an profon trn of thoght c ha far-rachingr for ontoo Hgl hint at th n sra pac an

at ts n xprsss th cl Ths h dns thconcpt of proprt n a qt othr conncton bt alo nth contxt of rcton dtrnaton n th foowngwa: A thg h th propr of ctng this or that inothr thng of xprsing t f n a pcliar nr nit ration to t. It onst rat thi propr onl nr thconton that th othr thng ha a corrponing on

stt ton bt at th sa t th proprt eulia to thrt ng an s ts f-ntca btrat {Gunde J t sfor hs ron that th s rctd qt c roty.33Proprt th apps h a possbty bt on in so far t rat to othr xstnt th possiblt both of th thng whos proprt it s of othr procss

n or bi f th wa s now c for an nrsadng of h poiblty withn rit Ths ontoocl for of possblit st b clar sparatd fro tt in whchspcic fors of rct ons of rt which ar hoognoslyrdc to qtt gn dd th r ot slfcontractor abl to do sc n lcdatg h rlity n th c of athatcs gotr. ) h posibil ist cchactr of proprtwhch ao xapl o th dbona btwn for of bng nd for f procss for

r objctso nabs th drnc n ls o big to1 00



HEEL

e ee e een huh ee hme f ad naem h. nc the fe cee hw mn pcular rcogzd hsee h mtaen bc cocpo o poblt

ene th new adaptato new los c. wouldbe mbe whut a ca abt i h tratcue an procs of h n bg Adapao oac ee coos d he prato or hghreement f u cs whch hs olshu eue ca prop h lif procss hchee f the eent o whch th ha b corrctle b ence a poo o gur posblis

f uch che for a bcoig ohr h prsis c of hcntn f lf hrough bic raios c i cracue o b oologcal cocd i hs sAd t ccl al proof ha h posibilyfunct f popr crs so far c bg bothxl ad ly a qut w quis rg

Hr too hr will b o u tha h cio

etemnn cocd i hs wa t i h cr of th Hgla alcic h ol qusio s how ga c th cr posssss Hgl hslf cos hiad of th idd cio of his oic h doci ossc a paragraph of h ncco ha sish fudaals of his qsio h rcs h hirrchicprogrs logc d hwh h of alidiy of hco driaios rsiio io sohig ls ih daltc pocss wihi h g of ig cio(bgg ohig ls io ligh) i h rg of ch o of h Noio is vo y hich hol is xplic which is ldy iplicil ps4 iho hg o iscss h h x o hich his diisoha Hgl as is al fo h spoi of hihrarchcal logc w o s h i dcisily

coradcs ha g fifl oolo o ls h1 0 1



TLGY

w ha so f ough t laborat. W biv at wt g forut th cisi istico bw oc o bi� th ogc of h ssnc otr wo h

trsitio into othing s' i cotrt o th bgg

othing to ight' is not tnab ontoogc.hi untbs is nt abo a i th fact thatg is hisf forc to nticipat naow th tho sctr of th rction trinations wh hinstigats iactic th iii catgos of th ogcof big h ss of sothing': Sothing ststhrfor in a eion to its othss d is not sip itsothss Th othss is at onc contain in it o

sti epaate fro it it is a beinfoo the n his furthraborations Hg xs th two opposits sothing' anothr' i trs of bing-for-othr othss H coctantans tat sotig d othr fa apt an gos on tococrtiz this rationship i gnin iactica trs:Bt thir trth is thir ratio big-for-othr bing-iitsf ar thrfor th abo dtriations posit as

moment of on sa sothing a dtriatioshich rations d hic rin i thir it i thnit of triat big Eac thrfor at th sa tialso cotais within itsf its otr ont ich isistingish fro it ' Hg cods th is dscrpt ion of thsothing i t is pain to s at th d i t catgoricafors of th rction dtriatios Bing-in-itsf dbing-for-othr ar in t rst istc distict bt thatsothig aso h within it t s cractr tat it is iniel and cors that what it is big-fr-othr it asois i itsfthis is th idtit of big-i-itsf d big-forothr in accorc t t dtriation that sothing itsf is on an th sa sothig of both otsich thrfor ar diiddly prst i it' bithr c b o dobt that tis qit oct dictic

ysis of t sothig cold istd i t1 0



do of ss hot od bg hgd Ad odg hs of hogh Hg hsf frs bogy o hs xpos o iit d xti p of oshp o h ss of th

tio dtos H oo o o hoghh doc of big o sho h h conh s t o a dsi sg of h stgaio W ca spy dat h sco o ig-o-sf nhh H ss h aioshp o his o sf d ooh obs h xs fo hsls o adps io H sbshs h lioship o h o otso o oh d hi oodiio i s o taco

ok i h pso isl i hih h duth old i-fo-s o soig xcs solishd pso s h osiig of h tctos h oiig of h o sho h o oo sio oly thogh the eton of plso s si is plsio hoh h dio o co 36 i h his loshi oo ooog s

o ssiy di fo h s h psd sio diios h doi o ssh io io ss s o siply d oos

os os o o oi h o o d i optospos o h is o osio o H'so h dsd hs h pios scoht h s of l s qy o h lo hch doy h hs so d iy y o sdos h co o s h hp o dltos of of h o dc oct onso h i cod pp s f i d q i fosof g of os ht o di od ddd o o oh d h i s hco o h o osh th o noth

so xpssd h si o o o io h oh1 03



ONTOY

is aaac o a odct of gls od of sation tha cc io sctio a lla of t fals i of i oological caracr tha ar lido thi d ich aga i roo i h idai

tayc of idca jct-objc gl hislf ayf m ig ists has a aitd ad thad logs to ar of t oig itslf7 it i clly xs h qtiai driat ioof y ojc hatso disolbly a rlaionship of iltaiy it is alia od of ig gl hislf xlai is od of g of qaity d qaity i istaably clar trs othig at t cas of ay

obc is only sarabl i atactio d o i ralityTs qaiis ar rlad to ach othr ccordig to thirdtratio as hich daio is tixon Bt thy r alrdy ilictly rlad to cothr th einorel f as t qa i ts dalcharactr i boh xt ad spcic so ta ach of tdistict atitis os ti oold dta to d

at th a i ispaaly ld t oth it is i iay o at th alis td Thy a rfor ot oly sily dit igs xstig for acor y a osd a isaral d h scicaitd coctd s a alii ityasigl diatio of a i c i accordac hir Noio hy lcly bod wt ach othrMr is t h immanen qaita rlatioi of two qal s o ac otr 8

adg s d ot iilar laio of gl o al rlatio of ali y ad qatity it i ad to o i d rs fo c tyi cal rctio dtiatios athat of for ad cot t d xta tc T fachat it osly osil to istigat qality tiy i saatio fro o o o ot sa

agt i c yical rctio iatio



HG

ssnc d pprc r for ong l contrposd idpdn ntts, n in posop It ontoo ndrstdl th s s t c so t clnt d stng cctristc of objctt as

qtty d qi T on dirnc s tt t forrc crs h sptd d to t of t unrstdng whl hrfor ron of t ogc rarc of th ssth qston of h trto fro ndrtndngto ro, to kodg of th npar dctccorrton of ppnt ndpndnt ont, notrisd B ths hs othng o do t th snc of ttr Qny d quity thr ontoogc natur,

ypic rctio dtrinations Prcis r, th idncof or prti s tgs of dopnt s to spport tsotooc posio ong snc t frohnoghy t ong bfor countg, . t qtitatcoprsio of ojct, s dopd, an bngsprctcy trd n pr tat nr, on tsis of ql tt prcp on, to copx of fact tat

r od ccsod o gp qttt thu forpl hrdsn did o cont tr oc, bt t ch ndiduly d cod tu dty noticy loss qit prcsy withot ndng to cont Paosrs so sho h dogs can ract to tronos o 0, 0, 0, c if to dirn qa s, thoti h osiiiy o contg In ths rspc it car h o spro of s rcton drnationsy h dig s o oly a tag pror o thrdctic icatio y rso t so pros nciiio i rlio to h on drctl ntprcpio

pss o o r f ook th trd prt of h Logc doc f h noio s dy ras

dt cio o Hgs gr dnton of his1 05



ONLOGY

sp In conncton wth th gn chaactaton of thth stag of ogc which w ha aad qotd Hgsas of th t of ths Th on of t noton s a w to b ood pon pa th oh wch sts p s n t not an oh3 9 Ts hss too s a ocaconcson fo ontooc tho of h ncasc-oct Snc noton s ghs sag n htsfoaton of substc nto subc t ss ogcayncssa fo h aton of h onts o h who oappoxa cos o n fo h ons o gip thi npnnc an fognnss o on anoh Bst ha aad otat n conncon wth th

doctn of bng ha Hg ipssb xaggas thcoponns o npnnc ogh s coc ontooc sns s as h o q o ths cyo ot pss in hs cnc s, "dtcpat th cton dtnaons that cs to so h too th atonshp btwn h onts h conncon n th fo of pocss which b

fa oo hoogn, st b ct cd Th xgn b Hg hsf n th sa paagraph os a goodoppotnit fo h to pahs that oon s a atio a pocss of ths n n ch hs nw han odtnatons s to co nto bng Hg ctanyc n t c of ng bngs, h chanca cocpton that th a dop fo of a pt s aady psn n th sd h ns a of tth h i

s pcing a n th pocss of opnt th noiops o sf an on s s o aaon of fot ang adton < pont conn Thisa w cospon to th onoog o th n ica sbct ·objct bt t os not corspon to t n n Hgso conc concpon Fo t s dnt tha dopnpcs constt ss nw pobs and bngs abo

nw antthss d contadictons hat w nno at 06



HEE

ower eve soen that cnot possby be seen a a ere che of for' en houh ege rejects the theo of evouton for n en the a of socal ben s stl nhs concepon component of te highest level of c jta

fe s but at a sti hher ve. Tis s sho n reaty tself by the stl more snct eergene of th new dparcuy in the ris of objects ontrdictons that nths respect se ove te leve of fe just muh sdoes above the eve of norgic beng It is rcsely for the �os mportt objectcatons n the logi of the noton ttthe characterzton of eel's pemise is ntene

Ths s cle from e's o ts shl se f

e come te discssos i i sks to donstrtthe exstenc of tis in t strctur of t ogi of tnoton th those i i he vy se orkdepicts te oess of lf i te context of te s ole it n be s tt in s dilti grs of ts opexsd retionshps he oes so f beyond is thyscyonned rogmm tht ts ftton d t tn o te

gninly dleti tion deterintios is rdyvisi Hgel's ctgoi desiton of the l f rocss n itstotty ns a foos:

'h v stds f to f t orgntr to i it oots itslf t d i itsits to \ts f T st of t ssiilto s ot s it i oss t odt i td of t to ooti sds s g t sos itsf g o to e its oti nt tstd its or T nogi nthich is sdd y t vit gt ss tis ft sit is v t t if s Ts i tot t livi oy oss t ts Bt tsol d o t ody t ty os of obtty bg ti y Ts os s t

otiu o t s d to t oss i t1 7



ONLOGY

oganc body; and fe s the constant batte agnst the.' Thee e ust the moments of ths that we w ephze Frst an oemost that wha eg p s pocess of ineacton te ompnents w e simuteousy ident ad contadctoy. n ts enttyd sim taneous conadiction of natu's beingn tsf, thentie eatonshp seems pecisy typc o a eectideteminaton. Secony, in this inteconnecton the ntadictory ne emees ith vit necssi ty bo th at t begnningwhen the oganism constitutes itsef such and at ts endwhen t peshes and sinks bak nto the na e of oic natue. The pfouny contadict haae f

the ne that ses n this dua ay is ncompatbe h he eaie quoted amonc' concepton of devepment. To the extent that it die fm the typic ces n the ogc of the notion the diaeta moents of ts bee st e cute It shou thiy be noted that in cnast hsgene teo of inteaction hich e hae dscussedeli ee actuay discoves hee the edont

ont in it and hence his pesentation comes st coseto the coct unestanding of eetion deteinatonsn the doctne of the notion itsef univesaity

tity and individuity e speccay netos Te phosopica contnt of these cateoes istodiniy pott and consequentia fo ege'senti vie of the od bt this aso seems fequenty tob obsced by ogcism n so f t disve appicatonsof ths ateois buit into t doctne of noton,udnt an syogism t s y to se none the ess thatg ssentiay empoys ts catoris as ectondtinations Tis is aeady ca fom the fact thatto h psents t as oiid in the oic of the notion ady deas it ti st daectia atonsis t the oncusion of the dotin of essence and th

sns of is psentation is tnly to pesent them as1 0



HEEL

rton termnans But beaus th unves s sfnt ony n tha ntns th rminess thntsef sb a rfo th natve natv t smmdatey the same naivit inividuality s an

ndvduty eause i is equl the deteminate termnate the negativ neatve s mmately the sameidenity hh univrsality s simple entty spariularity hh ontans n mmedate unty the momntof eterminatenes of vua the momnt of rtion-into-elf of th unvs ese tee totalts therefore one a the sam rton . '42 These ateoresare nvestate n pry th sam sprt the otrn of

te noo dvduaty aeas alread post tuarty' partarty n turn s o oe thtrmnate uvrsaty' Univaliy ad partiriyappeed ¥ moments of the beomin of nvuaty. 'For the sam aon the artiur baus t s ony the termnate unvers s so nvdu d onversey the nu beause t is the detenate nvesa s just

c a art ua '3 wod ow b a oe-s ded msjue nt of ge's ntntons to onsd ths eatonsmpy on of tanston Prsy in hs aatons of s cgois o of socil ig gl idics i sl io ssgs c of scgois cisl i i scici c oologicll cc di scs d scl cgs isoci dy idicd i o cocios sc aol fo picl e dcisi co iqi d od is iil pls c b liplid willi Hgls wiigs

f Hgli sys ogsss fo oio to d o c i bcos scl bsis of copls g d icodicios lis ls i cio diios

ust b bl o s is i lio of ogis



NTG

to t nvronn. atury ths ratonsps on as c ony raonay nrtoo f t ontoogy o f tdntca ubjctobjct st an g gna ocatnton r owd to wok thvs out n thr tru

ntrn dynac s s t poston for xp n tca aray t wt of t raon twn custy dtoo If t tt i n g' words t tt' of cs d cs tn w ar fcd wt rtrtnto odfond tphyc But f g xp of ou too tat s rionp xcvy tint contt of soc bing wc s it on ongtn gnuin tonip of cton d

nton ch fo th ontooca bi fo wat rxca th tabo n octy d ntur owvrnpnnt rnt nd vn oppo cuaty ndtoo y fo t nrtaning t rctionratonsp n abour cts wt r for th t bngnpb procss in c pontnous cauty dotd toogy r dcticay untd Snc ou

provd t orna pttn o soc ctic fnntrnation for t ontoo of oc n i o ondn g's concption of or toogy n tis intrprtd n s wy T nys c not tkn nyfrt ovr for Hg oci phoopy prsntt contn s t ditog of is purposiontoogy stortons of t fct n t gt of tstoc prjudcs of ti so tt ony y icntrpttion c ng o ght t nrtfrut fu Or prsnt dcsion s ti d t vinginctd t gnra idit nd tooo tity ot rction dtrntions fo dicti otoo spciy o on of oci in

O oncption of t nity rct o t ctiotrintons ay s o f t diniton

H n ri o i on y o



L

tese ogcistc shemt tht he wy s opened t e redierent ition Ths would hve ove to concrete 'gni dietc series of dentty v derenc ddstintion to tithesis d ontrdton. e he

v omishd this ; it only eme ortve n the workof the lss of arxism d w ter n foroten The signie of this dierentitio not e oveated or the disgment of the diti y is oponents is mos otend nd oionly wth ertin justton on the wy tht its sportrs oerte excsvey with the dvelod and ute foms of ontrdicton d neet the trsitonl forms Frhermore it s ony the unton o

te rtion determintons tht we hve propoed hatprovides the possty o erenatn he vu r oppee of deti undetood n th wa accornto the vrious leves of ein d ther ontooc propresHer too the repttion of the dectc h uere othe ft tht often dietc reatohps tht ny appt th highest leve of en hve een untc apped

lor fors of eing whe ttempts hve te and ane mde to rede the omplited dectc copexesto the simper ons This inht n oe es oorrtl dvdng estemolo d ontoogy and coectystlishing the indndene of the tter from the oer.Tis e don y xling the epstemoo trtono derstdg to ron a onseqene of the otiv diti o ss d ppere in so the ontologi priori ty o f th dietily strutured copexover their lmnts omonents et ompe thistmolog hge the nterest f the ost deque ossil knoledge of rty The reeton deteratonsr t rst oio i the history o phosoph at whichthis ontologil priority of the omplexes omes cey ntovi

ltd to this d something tht ee hmsef eny1



OO

sustd, ut dd not onsistntly y tou s fttat sut d ot so ton dttons r ony otv s su at th lv of soa nTs suson s t kl of tth ontand n t

ytolog of dvlont t Hg avodl olsHgls prsntaton , artuly n th Phnonolo, ndny omrd th hs usors for ths to b sn osts or Snoza, ts rton dtton s ton to at th lvl of t dty gvn (tout dtnson l th Knt av th dvlot of stmoog subjtaton of th ontologa objtod d f Sng ountoss natu unosous

to onsous hsto stll rojts onsousnss ntontur n t fom of th unonsous n od to oonsousnss from natu n sost fashon W s satr tat th rzton of Hgls suspon nd rslts sto bom dsvy ott for th ontoogy o soilbng

To onud, should sy k to ndat tt th

ludton of t art d l of oton of trton dtrnatons so t t on n oftn usdv ou ut sdo nlysd ont tat of toton o ontadtons s s t, t s ns todra s dvdng ln tn olton n t l of ty tslf d n tt of r knold of lttou n ot s ontolog ltons of ng nvolvd f t ton dtintons dn ontdnson tn o of bngs s t s fo t fo ad ontnttn t olton an onl stoo on, th sng of onsiosns fot standont of undrstndng to tt of rson to instto t tu dt onnton n ontool olt onof su rton dtmnatons s oss fo vn f r s a d ao oton of a rly gvn ott t

forontnt lton l sy rn tslf in t n 2



ojctiviy o n ojcivis, th ths s, ithcosonding vtons ll ls fo-contntltion (Conct stdy o th n fo-contnt ltionsntlly ins n iotnt scintc qston

Of co r cols of ojctvit ncldng ocsssc so stnd in rlton o ction o on noth fontu ocs ht gd n sch to contrdicton oth throgh to th coodntd oosng clss nsocy th v liv nc dtnd y thdync o contdictions d ts oltion s jst ossls h otl o til ol ion of on col y th orsd tis olion ks lc in i nd hs chgs

o o lss dicll h ty islf h ooions of olion nd son lly d onologcll dndingon h scic ct (o ocss of oliion Ths hsolion in thogh hs nl thotic chct sh insight into th ltion o o nd contnt (hch of os cn n dsns ith th nd fo concinsio o h conc ois of th rction

dintions n _qsion, h oliion in ntnvolvs th llik ntction of cols hich, vn i s css c ol hv lind ncssiy hil inoci g, soci coscsss s vvd i ss l coons o h oliion h this is sonsosnss o consciosnss n dt knoldgo cols ss ods o fo oltion s i c ccsncs co n ontoloclly

r oonn n h ocss o oliio Nllyoldg o nl ocsss cn lso ld o oli ionso cols o th scinc o oic sct thogho h ding o lns nd nils h is hol sriso sc l olitions n so f s oldg its civ innion in thi dctc th ocss tks lc n ld of socil ing s h olis tn socityd n h indisnsl condiion fo hich is o

co coct ohnsion o dilcic o nt



ONLY

NOTS

ct M, oes of Sulu Value, ll Mcow 197 p. 842 Di/ des Fihehen d SheUnch Syste; Hi·Werke,

Frkr 970 I; vo 2, pp 9 I

Philoshy of Rh ox, Ofod 1967 § 0 p 248.4 Befe vn und an Hege Habrg 95 297 I5 Lo, ( P of Enlpaed f he Pilophal Sienes] s

a, Ofor, 9 5 6 , Zusatz 225 6 Pilhy of Nar [P I of th Enlaed ) Mer,

o 90; § 26, Zusa 4 Ron, Hege Lebe Br, 44, 46 Pilphy f Righ, § , Zuat an § 4, us; p 26 79 d, 6 24

0 b, 5 p. 21 'rtque of ges Doc of t St, Early ing, Hmowoh,

95 -9 2 Lu The Yung Hege Mrn ess, 9751 5 § 25 p 50 4 c p 65 5 e Phenolo f Mind, a Ble Lodo 2d ed. 9 1 p 5 6 bd, 5.7 bd, p 1 2 bd, 70

9 ' dg Fueah h e d o C Ger hoophy,M/Ens Seleed r, Lodon 1970 5902 The Ph1sophy of to, New Yrk, 956, p 22 Phmolo, p 4 5·922 Phophy of Ho, p 72 Lukcs, The Yu egel24 So Eh P ooso V N York 95 5, 86 ).25 Di/ des Fichesh und SheUinh Syse; Hi·Werke,

o 2 p 0626 o p. 05

2 Phosophy of Nare, § 246 saz 72 oc c § 24 ; 1 - 1 429 Se f Lo, Me Lono, 969, 607- Phhy of Nare, § 249, s p 2 e We nd efe, ed Kf mn Ber 1 96 1 I. o . 1 6.

52 Paul Lf ge, Das Rec ht f FUei & Polc he Ernm a

Kar Ma, I ether Fkt·We 966, . 62! Phenolo, p 42

4 b, 9-0 bd, 9

4



HEGEL

56 l Wi owo 197 pp 587.57 Sce o Lo p. 10.5 b 4.59 b, 1 1 9 bi, 5. 1 n Mow, 196, p. 62

2 iid, p 165 o oteoo (Cocte Wors vo. 58 Moow, 1961,

p 1 7 . c, etl I, Die E e ch Wle Bad 1 1 1 ,

Ne 65.4 osoy o r I 4, Zu p. 21 6 E to hd 1 Novem 1891 ; Secte Coo�c ond

Moo 96, p 458.47 Sci�c• of Lo, 747

48 ii, . 5649 ii, 740 Reose zg, 1951 I 199 1 Sci o Lo 7472 ibi, p 25 ibi p. 85, ad o 2; p 296.4 Bno Buer' ppe, Die Posne s jnt� Gt

Hege ·� At� n Antt Li 14 [Te fe t JudFt on He e Ae t) , a k i t e you cobted B.

55 Log I 68 and I 75 ; •pp 04 107. 6 �o�oo 4. ooy o M ( m of Eu) W

er, Or 17, I 6 p 998 isoy o Hto p. 521.9 icl, Deuce Gecte m nehnt� Jrun Lp

17 D 1 .

cin 1 v det qutio i det in my ZO"'

nt Te Deion of Ron) We Bad 9, Need·Be196, pp 47

2 Lecre on te Hto of iooy do 189,vo , p. 279

5 /e es Fictec� SceUic� Syse c eet o exp�in of y new fo b fin H'• nt Fk t ee he t fe e of uo ad oon' , H tocJgct bi 1907, p. 58 Tj coepo "f cemoe coo a uv ut • opion o Se t of

5



NTLY

dec i prra cvment of Hsl'a you.4 Pmenoo p. 81 Siee o Loc p. 8426 omoo pp. 81·57 Ro ee Leb 28 enmenoo p. 7.

9 ibid, 7910 Scnce Loc p 601 § U9 Ztz; . 222 2 oy o M 41 9 Zz 16 1U Sce o Lo p. on ee Lebe 4 Apomen us Hege Webo.

Wee, voL 2 p. 1 1 oophy oiM 467, Ztz; p. 226. 6 L, osop Neb 562 7

oy o o

1 8 Scce o Loc pp 596 f id p. 95-.20 Ron Hee Lebe Apomen ege eb.

Wke, voL 2 p 492 1 Scice o Loc p 4 16.22 osy o R 24 d I S pp. - nd 25-25 Scwe o Log p 451 24 Lo 1 2 ; . 1 .2 Scince o Lc 45

26 Lo § U; . 18927 ii § Ztz p 2 28 iid., § 55 Zt p 1 029 iid. § 49 21 .50 id. § 47 20851 i § 4 Z p. 2052 Scwce o Lo p. 4 7 . L § 46, Z p. 055 9c § Zt p. 2254 Lo § 16 1 Z, p5 Scic o Lo pp 19· 20

56 id. p 1 7 .5 bi, 555.58 iid, p 559 Lo 1 6 "Zu p. 22 iid. p 224.41 iid § 2 1 9 tz p. 28 42 Scce o Loc p 1 45 ii pp 61 8 k r Beaoh a Ktoe d Aei i blme

d e ee d 0, Neuwed·Bi, 1969 5 f nd 6 f1 1 6



Georg Lukc: TOWARD THE OTOLOGY OF SOCLBEG

Gal Conts(Part Oe, Chapter Il , whch forms he conens he reset volue, s pted tcs.

Pt One: THE PRESET STUAO trouctoI Neopositivism and Ex tlm

eopstvsm Excursus n Wttgensten Exstentsm

4 The Phlosophy of the Presen an he seed

II. Nikoi tmann's Adva d Ontolo1 The cples of Cnscn f ns

Ont2 . T a rtqe f arns n

III ' n s G l s al am anu s s altal Onolo and Ron

Dtemnatons

IV. Max 's Basi Ontoloa ines

1 Methdoc remns2 . The tque of Po tca nmy Hstorct Therec Genera



P Two: THE OS IMPORTANT PROBLESI . Labour

1 bur a eeolgic jct2. bu a Mdl f ci ractic3. he ubjct-Objct latn in bu ts

Cosequeces

II. Rpd1 Geeal Pblms o f pdutn 2 mexes f Cmlx3. Prbems f Ongc Prity4 he Repruo o M in Sciety5 he erod Scety a ot

Ram Id and Id he le f the Idel n the cnmy2 wd Otol f e Ie Mment3. he Prbem f d

V Aa1 . The Geer Oooc Fere o ieo

2 he Idlgc Asect f Aienati; Rei aA enation

3. The Obectiv Fundatin f Aieatin d sAoitin; he Cntem F f Aio

lukacs georg ontology social being volume 1 hegel

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