LULUCF IssuesKyoto Protocol & Bonn Agreement• Article 3.3: Afforestation, reforestation &

deforestation• Article 3.4: Cropland management,

grassland management, forest management, revegetation

• Article 6: Joint Implementation/Project activities among annex-I countries

• Article 12: Afforestation & reforestation under CDM involving developing countries

Marrakech Accord

• Defined RMU (CERs); A “removal unit” or “RMU” is a unit issued pursuant to the relevant provisions on registries and is equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent, calculated using global warming potentials.

• Defined upper limit to RMUs from A&R– Use of CERs from A&R to 1% of 1990 emissions

for the first commitment period

• Article 5 (Guidelines), 7 (Reporting) & 8 (Verification)

Issues being addressed by SBSTA/UNFCCC

• Afforestation & Reforestation under Article 12 (CDM)– Definition of A&R– Modalities– Non-permanence– Leakage– Additionality– Uncertainity

Issues Being Addressed by IPCC

• Methods for estimating carbon stock changes

• Methods for monitoring area changes• Uncertainty management• Quality assurance & quality control• Good Practice Guidance

Issues Being Addressed by Executive Board of CDM

• Guidelines for Afforestation & Reforestation – CDM projects– Project development, monitoring,

certification, etc

• Methods for baseline development

Issues for Developing Countries

• Ensuring modalities for CDM projects will address concerns of developing countries

• Ensuring environment integrity of Article 3.3, 3.4 6 & 12 activities

A&R under CDM• Simplified guidelines• Regional baselines• Priority for small-scale projects

– Exclude forests of > 1000 ha in one unit– Priority for < 200 ha/unit but aggregating up to 10000

ha

• Priority for A&R projects that promote livelihoods• Forestry projects with multi-species & multi-

function to get priority• Biodiversity conservation component should be

integrated into project guideline• Priority for mitigation activities incorporating

adaptation practices