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Emerging Market Mul/na/onals Inves/ng in Europe: Threat or Opportunity? Roberta Rabello* Dipar.mento di Scienze Poli.che e Sociali Università di Pavia Italy CIRCLE 10th Anniversary Seminar 27th November 2014

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Emerging  Market  Mul/na/onals  Inves/ng  in  Europe:    

Threat  or  Opportunity?  

Roberta  Rabello*  Dipar.mento  di  Scienze  Poli.che  e  Sociali  

Università  di  Pavia  Italy  

CIRCLE  10th  Anniversary  Seminar  27th  November  2014  

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Emerging  Market  Mul/na/onals  (EMNEs)  are  becoming  important  investors  

•  In  2013,  EMNEs  outward  FDI  have  reached  US$  460  billion,  accoun.ng  for  39%  of  global  direct  investment  ouOlows:  China,  Russia  and  India  are  the  main  players;  

•  According  to  some  recent  predic.ons,  this  year  China’s  outward  investments  would  exceed  its  inward  ones.  

 

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A  significant  share  of  EMNEs  FDIs  goes  to  advanced  countries  

•  In  Europe,  there  are  fears  that  EMNEs  companies  will  simply  take  over  local  companies,  exploit  their  technology  -­‐  and  leave  without  crea.ng  las.ng  benefits  for  employment  or  economic  growth;  

•  But  inputs  of  fresh  capital  are  also  welcomed  by  host  countries,  especially  in  these  .mes  of  low  growth.  

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What  do  we  know  about  EMNEs?  •  EMNEs  is  a  very  hot  topic  in  the  IB  literature  which  has  mainly  addressed  the  suitability  of  the  tradi.onal  analy.cal  framework  developed  for  AMNEs  to  inves.gate  EMNEs;  

•  There  are  two  main  issues  on  which  there  is  a  wide  agreement:  ① EMNEs  ownership  advantages  are  different  because  

they  undertake  strategic  investments  to  acquire  technologies  and  capabili.es  rather  than  exploi.ng  resources  they  do  already  have;  

②  Mo/va/ons:  when  they  invest  in  developed  countries  their  mo.va.ons  are  mainly  strategic  asset  seeking  and  market  seeking.  

 

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What  we  would  like  to  know  more  about  EMNEs  and  how  innova/on  studies  could  help  us?  

•  Their  impact  on  the  host  economies:  are  common  concerns  about  the  take  and  leave  a*tude  of  EMNEs  jus.fied,  or  should  FDI  from  emerging  economies  be  seen  in  a  more  posi.ve  light?  (Giuliani,  Gorgoni,  Guenther,  Rabello*,  IBR  2014);  

•  Their  impact  on  the  home  economies:  are  OFDI  really  having  a  posi.ve  impact  on  the  catch  up  process  of  emerging  countries  from  produc.on  to  innova.on?  (Giuliani,  Mar.nelli,  Rabello*,  CIRCLE  WP  2014)  

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The  win-­‐win  strategy    (Giuliani  et  al,  2014)  

•  Survey  on  a  sample  of  local  subsidiaries  of  EMNEs  in  the  industrial  machinery  and  equipment  sectors  in  Italy  and  Germany,  comparing  them  to  a  control  sample  of  MNEs  subsidiaries  from  advanced  economies;  

•  A  typology  of  MNE  subsidiaries  based  on    –  the  direc.on  of  knowledge  flows  between  headquarters  and  the  subsidiary;  –  the  extent  to  which  subsidiaries  par.cipate  in  local  innova.on  networks;  

•  We  find  that  the    ‘predatory’  behavior  of  EMNEs  does  exist  in  some  cases,  but  we  also  iden.fy  another  type  of  FDI,  mainly  from  EMNEs,  that  creates  mutual  benefits  for  investors  and  for  the  economies  they  invest  in;    

•  EMNEs  are  more  likely  to  engage  in  local  innova.on  networks  and  create  win-­‐win  situa.ons  of  mutual  learning  than  MNEs  from  advanced  economies;  

•  To  maximize  benefits  from  EMNEs  FDI,  policy-­‐makers  in  Europe  should  facilitate  networking  among  these  investors  and  local  actors  involved  in  innova.on,  such  as  local  companies  and  universi.es.  

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Collabora/on  between  Emerging  Country  Firms    and  EU  inventors    (Giuliani  et  al,  2014)  

•  Focus  on  Brazil,  India  and  China  (BIC)  firms  involved  in  cross-­‐border  inven.ons  (i.e.  patents  whose  inven.ve  teams  are  composed  by  BIC  inventors  and  at  least  one  EU-­‐27  inventor);  

•  Cross-­‐border  inven.ons  between  BIC  firms  and  EU  actors  are  growing,  though  s.ll  small  in  absolute  numbers;  

•  Cross-­‐border  inven.ons  are  more  valuable  than  domes.c  ones:  they  receive  a  higher  number  of  cita.ons  and  they  have  a  higher  impact  on  the  genera.on  of  subsequent  innova.ons  across  a  large  variety  of  technological  fields.  

•  Therefore,  they  represent  an  opportunity  for  BIC  firms  to  accumulate  technological  capabili.es  and  access  fron.er  knowledge;    

•  BIC  MNEs  benefit  more  from  interna.onal  collabora.ons  than  BIC  domes.c  firms:  MNEs  are  more  capable  to  minimize  coordina.on  costs  and  combine  the  skills  of  diverse  inventors  around  the  globe.    

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Research  in  progress  

•  Acquisi.ons  of  EU-­‐27  companies  by  BRICS  +  T(urkey)  MNEs:  – Impact  on  the  paten.ng  ac.vity  of  the    acquired  companies;  – Impact  on  the  paten.ng  ac.vity  of  the  acquiring  BRICS  +  T  MNEs.  

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THANK  YOU    

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