lyme disease: children and outdoors school activities
DESCRIPTION
Lyme disease: Children and Outdoors School Activities . Germaine Banza PUBH 6165 Walden University. INTRODUCTION. Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by spirochetal agent ( Borrelia burgdorferi ) Most common vector- borne disease in U.S. Humans are infected from tick bite - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lyme disease: Children and Outdoors School Activities Germaine BanzaPUBH 6165Walden University
INTRODUCTIONLyme disease is an infectious disease caused
by spirochetal agent (Borrelia burgdorferi)Most common vector-borne disease in U.S.Humans are infected from tick biteSymptoms mimic many others diseases such
as strokeEnvironmental and behavioral approaches
for reducing tick bites among children Public health interventions and community
wide efforts in managing and controlling tick population.
INTRODUCTION (CON’T)Ranks among top 10 notifiable diseases in the U.S.Rates are highest among children ages 5 to 9 (8.6
cases per 100,000 population).Lowest rate among adult 20 to 22 years (3 cases
per 100,000 population).Research effort should be focused on vaccines for
Lyme disease preventionKey factors in public health include- Steady increase in reported cases- Threat of geographic expansion of area of endemicity- Insufficiency of current alternative prevention methods
OVERVIEW Inflammatory disease caused by infected ticks. Etiologic agent: bacteria called Borrelia burgdoferi. Reservoirs: Small mammals and birds People are infected in summer by the immature ticks:
nymphs
Incidence and PrevalenceAbout 30,000 people are diagnosed annually in
the U.S.Estimated ten fold are underreportedPrevalent in New England, the Upper Midwest,
Great Lakes region, and the Pacific Northwest
Incidence and Prevalence (Con’t.)The disease is more prevalent from May to
August in the Northeast and Great Lake regions and from January to May in the Pacific Northwest.
Became notifiable in 1991.
EPIDEMIOLOGY and SURVEILLANCEInformation generates from several
sources.Data collection obtained from surveillance
programs, laboratory services, medical and general communities, and agencies.
Cases reported according to the county of residence, not the place of exposure.
The geographic distribution of cases is highly focused.
About 10% of the disease are underreported.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE (CON’T)
RISK FACTORSProlong time in wooded or grassy areasExposed skin / failure to wear appropriate
clothes and shoes Indoor/outdoor pets Improper removal of the tick.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Redness, rash like called Erythema migrans (EM) at
the infected area. Swollen lymph nodes, chills, fever, headache, muscles
and joints aches, severe fatigue, Left untreated will result to:
Rheumatologic symptomsCardiac symptomsNeurologic symptoms
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS (Cont)Facial Paralysis
Bull’s eye rash
Arthritis knee
DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENTHistory of exposure to the infected
ticksSigns and symptoms Blood and CSF testingAppropriate antibiotics
PREVENTION Management of the environment for tick control. Education and arise awareness. Community-based management Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment for favorable
outcome Dermatologist: skin care and treatment of erythema
migrans
PREVENTION (Cont.) Insect repellents in absence of VaccineDaily check for ticks after possible exposurePrompt bath after outdoor activities:
camping, walking in the wood, gardening.Tick removal with tweezers as soon as
possible
TICK CONTROL Environmental Management Chemical control
PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONEDUCATION is crucialEducate the community, school, parents, and
children about the disease and preventive measures.
Adopt the TickNET network program for Lyme disease
LYME DISEASE: CHALLENGES Public health practice: Old guidelines used. Need for new guidelines for Lyme disease education
and prevention information. Clinical misdiagnosis, and delay in treatment Prevention: vaccine unavailability Underreported cases Inadequate funds High standards needed regarding safety, efficacy, cost,
and public acceptance
SKATEBOARDS IMPLICATIONIncrease Lyme disease awarenessPrompt surveillance systemReconsider the use of vaccineEstablish effective testing and
diagnosis measuresGuidelines update for schoolPromote research
AUDIENCE / STAKEHOLDERS Parents Health care providers (doctors, nurses, social workers) Faculty members from schools Grand Prairie Health Department Infection Disease Society of America (ISIDA)
guidelines TickNET program
CONCLUSION Lyme disease is caused by bacterium Borrelia
burgdorferi. Rate are highest in children ages 5 to 9. Relevant to public health due to incidence and
prevalence. Can become a chronic and serious illness if left
untreated. Early diagnostic and antibiotic treatment are essential. Education and effective prevention measures contribute
to disease control. Prevention efforts focused on combination of efforts and
approaches such as management of deer population. Lyme disease is a multi-faced condition requiring joint
efforts and adequate funding for further research.
REFERENCECenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Lyme Disease. http://www.cdc.govCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Lyme disease: Prevalence. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.govCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (2008). Surveillance for Lyme disease: United States, 1992-2006. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5710a1.htmCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2013): Sign and symptoms of Lyme Disease. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.govHealth Communities (2014). Lyme Disease overview, Incidence and Prevalence of Lyme Disease. http://www.healthcommunities.com/lyme-disease/overview-of-lyme-disease.shtmlDepartment of Health (2011). Lyme Disease (tick-borne borreliosis, Lyme arthritis). www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/lyme/fact_sheet.htmMayoClinic (2014): Lyme Disease: Tests and Diagnosis. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases_condition/lyme_disease/basic/treatmentWhite J. D. (1991). Epidemiology of Lyme disease. The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases. V2(2): 58-60 Summer 1991. PMC3327991.Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Lyme Disease : Current Challenges. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.govHealth Communities (2011). Lyme Disease Cause and Risk Factors. Retrieved from http://www.healthcommunities.com/lyme-disease/causes-risk-factors-for-lyme-disease.shtmlShen K. A. et al (2011). The Lyme Disease Vaccine- A Public Health Perspective. Clinical Infectious Diseases Oxford Journals. Retrieved from http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/suppl_3/s247.longSobell, J. (2013). Beware! Lyme Disease is Looming! Medical Dermatology. http://www.skincarephysicians.net/medical-dermatology/lymedisease-disease-is-loomingLyme Disease Association (2014). Treatment Guidelines . Lymes: Kids & Schools. www.lymediseasassociation.org