lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues. basic pathway figure 2-3
TRANSCRIPT
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Lymphocytes and Lymphoid
Tissues
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Basic Pathway
Figure 2-3
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Lymphocytes and Lymphoid Tissues
• Primary lymphoid tissues
(thymus and bone marrow), • Secondary lymphoid tissues
(lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, and spleen)
• Tertiary lymphoid tissues(skin and mucosal lamina propria)
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Components of the Immune System
I. Bone Marrow - Hematopoietic Stem Cells
• Myeloid progenitor– neutrophils -macrophage– basophils - mast cells– eosinophils
• Common lymphoid progenitor– T-lymphocytes– B-lymphocytes
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Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis is driven by cytokines:
stem cell factor; IL-3; GM-CSF; G-CSF; M-CSF; IL-7 IL-11
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Hematopoiesis
•Erythrocyte-stimulated by EPO (Amgen) EPO = erythropoietin
•Megakaryocyte/Platelets-stimulated by IL-11
•Granulocyte/Monocyte-stimulated by GM-CSF, G-CSF, and M-CSF
•Lymphocyte -stimulated by IL-7
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IL-7
Cyto
kin
es &
gro
wth
facto
rs
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Lymphoid System
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MALT = mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
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Lymphocyte Maturation
Stem Cell
Naïve or virgin lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs
(short lived)
ActivationMemory-Effector cells
Key Concept
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Thymus
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T-Lymphocyte Maturation
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Thymus
The thymusthymus is an organ strictly dedicated to the selection and differentiation of T lymphocytes.
The T cell precursor cells originate in the bone marrow and then go through a series of developmental steps resulting in the production of a population of mature, antigen-sensitive T-cells.
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Thymus The thymus is made up of a cortex and a
medulla. The cortex consists of densely packed
immature thymocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells supported by a thymus stroma largely made up of epithelial cells.
The medulla contains mainly mature thymocytes and macrophages (and a stroma), and the cells are much less dense.
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Thymus
Cortex
Medulla
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NeonatalThymus
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YoungerThymusCortex
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YoungerThymusMedulla
Hassall’s corpusclesare tightly packedepithelial cells fromdegenerating cells.
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AdultThymusatrophiesat puberty
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Clonal Selection-Thymus
• Each lymphocyte bears a single antigen Each lymphocyte bears a single antigen specificityspecificity
• The a high affinity interaction between The a high affinity interaction between the antigen and the T-cell leads to the antigen and the T-cell leads to lymphocyte activation.lymphocyte activation.
• Effector cells derived from the activated Effector cells derived from the activated lymphocyte will bear identical receptors lymphocyte will bear identical receptors as the parent cell.as the parent cell.
• Lymphocyte bearing binding receptors Lymphocyte bearing binding receptors for self-antigens are normally deletedfor self-antigens are normally deleted.
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Thymicprocessingof T-cells
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Thymicprocessingof T-cells
See notes
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T-Lymphocytes• T-cells
– Cellular mediated immunity– Antigen-presentation– Major histocompatibility
Complex (MHC)
– T-cell Subsets– CD4 (Th1 and Th2)– CD8
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B-lymphocytes
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B-Lymphocytes
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B-Cells - Humoral Immunity
•B-cell lineage synthesize immunoglobulins
virgin
Memory
Plasma
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B-Cells - Humoral Immunity
• Secretion of certain lymphokines– IL-6 IgM– IL-6, 4,11 IgG– IL-6, 2,5, TGF- IgA– IL-6, 4 IgE
• Present Antigen to T-cells
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T-Lymphocytes
T-cytotoxic
B-cell
T-helperAPC
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LymphocyteCirculation
Thoracic Duct
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Figure 2-1
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Figure 2-1
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Lymph Node
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Lymph Node
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Lymph Node
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Spleen
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CompletePathway
KNOW
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Question
1._____After birth, human B-lymphocyte differentiation takes place in the
A. Bone marrowB. LiverC. Gut-associated lymphoid tissueD. Spleen germinal centerE. Peyer's patches
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Question
2._____ The characteristic of the innate immune response is:
A. Has memoryB. Occurs in minutes to hoursC. Takes about 5 days to be effectiveD. Requires antigen presentation by antigen
presenting cellsE. Involves the formation of immunoglobulins
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Question3._____ The acute-phase (formation of
acute phase proteins) response:A. Is stimulated by interleukin-1,
interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-, interferon-
B. Is a recent marker of coronary heart disease
C. Facilitates the phagocytosis of bacteriaD. Is an immunological marker of chronic
inflammatory diseaseE. All of the above
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Question
4._____Chemotaxis means:
A. Phagocytosis of bacteriaB. Clonal elimination of B-cellsC. Induction of migration of an
immune cellD. Adhesion of immune cells to the
vascular endothelial cellsE. Isotype switch from IgM to IgE
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Question5._____ Interferons were first
characterized by their:
A. Enhancement of B cell proliferationB. Antiviral activitiesC. Cytotoxicity of transformed cellsD. Activation factor for eosinophilsE. Stimulation of growth of precursors
of all the hemopoietic lineage
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Question6.____A plasma cell secretes:
A. Antibody of identical specificity to that on the surface of the parent B-cell.
B. Antibody of two antigen specificities.C. The antigen it recognizes.D. Antibodies that recognize numerous
antigensE. Lysozyme.
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Question7._____ Secondary lymphoid tissues
include:
A. Bone marrow and thymusB. Skin, mucosal surfacesC. Neutrophils and eosinophilsD. ComplementE. Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen,
MALT, and BALT tissues
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Question8.____CD8 is a marker of:
A. B-cellsB. Helper T-cellsC. Cytotoxic T-cellsD. An activated macrophageE. A polymorph precursor
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Question9._____Specific antibodies are readily
detectable in serum following primary contact with antigen after:
A. After 10 minutes.B. Within 1 hour.C. By 5—7 days.D. After 3—5 weeks.E. Only detectable after a second contact
with antigen.
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Question10._____Which of the following is a
well-known effect of interleukin-8?
A. Attraction and activation of neutrophils
B. Induction of B-cell proliferationC. Induction of the switch from IgM to
IgG synthesisD. Induction of B-cell differentiationE. Suppression of interleukin release
by helper T cells
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Monday’s class
• There will be no class due to the MLK holiday.