lyndon b. johnson: the great society apush chapter 38 essential questions: what were the 3 major...
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Lyndon B. Johnson: The Great Society
APUSH Chapter 38
Essential Questions:What were the 3 major issues of LBJ’s
presidency?
What was the importance of Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, including the
establishment of Medicare?
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LBJ in the White House• The demand for reform
helped create a new awareness of social problems, especially on matters of civil rights and the effects of poverty
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LBJ’s Path to Power
• LBJ’s ambition and drive were legendary
• He entered politics in 1937 as a “New Dealer”
• He caught the eye of FDR as a spokesman for farmers of his district
• He was a master of party politics and maneuvering and rose to Senate majority leader in 1955
• Became President in 1963
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• His ability to achieve legislative results had captured JFK’s attention as well
• Johnson’s congressional connections and his Southern Protestant background convinced Kennedy to make LBJ his running mate
• This helped Kennedy win states in the south
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The Domestic Agenda
• Johnson urged Congress to pass the civil rights and tax-cut bills that Kennedy had sent to Capitol Hill
• The tax-cuts spurred economic growth
• The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it illegal to discriminate based on race, religion, national origin, and sex
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The War on Poverty Spirit p. 475
• Johnson declared an “unconditional war on poverty in America”
• Congress enacted the Economic Opportunity Act (EOA)– The Job Corps Youth Training Program– VISTA: Volunteers in Service to America– Project Head Start, an education program for
underprivileged preschoolers– The Community Action Program, which encouraged
poor people to participate in public-works programs
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Election of 1964
• Republicans nominate Barry Goldwater of Arizona
• Barry Goldwater believed the federal government had no business trying to right social and economic wrongs such as poverty, discrimination, and lack of opportunity
• Most Americans sided with LBJ
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Election of 1964
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Election of 1964• Goldwater had also frightened many
Americans by suggesting he may use nuclear weapons on Cuba and North Vietnam
• LBJ won in a landslide• Democrats also gained more control in
Congress• LBJ could launch his domestic reform
program, The Great Society with high confidence
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Building the Great Society• Johnson summed up his
vision for America in a phrase: The Great Society
• In a speech he outlined a legislative program (Great Society) that would end poverty and racial injustice
• He would also try to create a higher standard of living for everyone
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The Great Society
• Passed bills increasing funding for education; the first major federal aid package for education in the nation’s history
• LBJ created Medicare and Medicaid
• Created the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
• Medicare: give low-cost medical insurance to Americans age 65 years and up
• Medicaid: extends health care insurance to people on welfare.
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Impact of the Great Society
• The Great Society and the Warren Court changed the United States
• People disagree on whether the U.S. was better or worse afterwards
• The massive tax cut spurred the economy, but funding the Great Society along with the Vietnam War led to increased deficits
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Backlash • There was a conservative
backlash– Ronald Reagan swept to victory
in the race for governor of California
• The increase in Communist forces in Vietnam began to overshadow the Great Society
• Four years after the election, Johnson, who ran on a peace ticket, would be labeled a “hawk” for supporting one of the most divisive wars in recent U.S. History
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The Warren Court• The Supreme Court under
Chief Justice Earl Warren encouraged the expansion of individual rights in the U.S.
• This started with Brown v. B.O.E.
• Limited censorship• Stated free speech
included allowing students to wear black armbands to protest the war (Tinker v Des Moines)
• Tinker v Des Moines - 1969
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The Warren Court • The Warren Court also
greatly expanded the rights of people accused of crimes. Earl Warren – Illegally seized evidence
couldn’t be used in court– Required criminal courts to
provide free legal counsel(Gideon v. Wainwright)
– Right to a lawyer during questioning
– People must be read their Miranda rights before questioning (Miranda v. Arizona - 1966)
EQ: How did the Warren Court expand the individual rights of American citizens?