lzvd¯v alvazv (a) - sathyadoothan.com...published at masjid umar, st. benedict road, ernakulam,...

2020 P\phcnkXyZqX≥4

AhcpsS \mYs‚ hN\ßƒ Hm¿Ω

s∏SpØp∂Xmbm¬ t]mepw _[nccpw A‘cpambn

AhcXns\ ssIImcyw sNøpIbn√. (25:74)

⁄m\w P\ßfn¬ \n∂v AI∂v t]mIpw. F∂n´v

A⁄m\hpw Ipg∏hpw {]Xy£s∏Spw. ‘^dPv’h¿≤n°pw. At∏mƒ A\pNc∑m¿ tNmZn®p:

F¥mWv ‘^dPv’? \_nXncpta\n(k) ssI sIm≠v

Cßns\ BwKyw ImWn®p. AXp I≠t∏mƒ

Xncpta\n(k) sIme]mXIsØbmWv Dt±in®

sX∂v F√mh¿°pw a\ nembn. (_pJmcn)

im¥cmbn Nn¥n°qA√tbm apkvenw ]WvUnX∑msc Fs∂ \ncmIcn°p∂

ImcyØn¬ \nßƒ [rXns∏ScpXv. [rXn°nSbn¬ a\pjy\v

s]s´∂v {Kln°m\mImØ clkyßƒ ]eXpap≠v.

tIƒ°p∂ am{Xbn¬ Hcp Imcyhpw Xs∂ X≈n°fbm≥

\nßƒ apXnccpXv. AX√ kmXznIcpsS am¿§w ... i‡n

{]tbmKn®v aXw {]Ncn∏n°m\mbn bp≤w sNømsa∂v

Jp¿B\n¬ FgpXs∏´ncn°p∂Xv FhnsSbmWv. t\sc

adn®v B hnip≤ {KŸØn¬ ‘em CIvdml ^n ±o≥’(aXØn¬ bmsXmcp _em¬°mchpan√.) F∂v A√mlp

]Tn∏n®n´p≈Xmbn°mWp∂p. (InivXo\plv)


FUnt‰mdnb¬kXyZqX≥

{]kn≤oIcW Xmc\ncbnse {[ph\£{XwBImiØv DZn®pbcp∂ \£{Xßsf \nco£n®h¿°dnbmw. F√m \£{Xßfpw

DZn®kvXan®mepw t\cw ]pecpw hsc Ccpń¬ bm{XnI¿°v hgnImńbmbn `qanbpsS hS°v `mKØv

AkvXan°msX \n¬°p∂ Hcp \£{Xap≠v. AXmWv {[ph\£{Xw. AXpt]msebmWv kXyZqX≥.

1925 apX¬ {]kn≤oIcn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ kXyZqXs‚ ssÿcyss\c¥cyamWv apkvenw aebmf

{]kn≤oIWßfpsS Xmc\ncbnse {[ph\£{Xam°n kXyZqXs\ am‰p∂Xv. 95 h¿jambn

kXyZqX≥ {]kn≤oIcn®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. kl{kØn¬ ]cw N{μ∑mcpsS hr≤n£bßƒ°v

km£nbmb kXyZqXs‚ HfnaßmØ ZypXn°v ImcWw AXv Hcp ssZh\nbp‡ hmZnbpsS ZuXy

{]NmcWØns‚ tkh\ cminbnbn¬ kvYnXnsNøp∂p F∂Xv sIm≠mWv.

Ckvemans\ XßfpsSXmb coXnbn¬ kwc£n°m\pw {]Ncn∏n°m\pw almcY∑mcpsSbpw

alm{]ÿm\°mcpsSbpw ]n¥pWtbmsS \nch[n {]kn≤oIcWßƒ kXyZqXt\msSm∏w Ign™

\q‰m≠n¬ aebmfØn¬ DZbw sNbvXp. AhcpsSsb√mw Hcp s]mXp e£yw kXyZqX≥

{]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂ ssZhnI {]ÿm\sØ FXn¿°pIsb∂Xpw IqSnbmbncp∂p. Ahsb√mw

Cs∂hnsSt]mbn? hnkvarXnbpsS N{Ihmfßfnte°v Xntcm`hn®p. kXyZqX\mIs´ Hcp \q‰m≠ns‚

]q¿ÆXbnte°v {]bmWw XpScpIbmWv.

Po¿ÆXbpsS ]X\ L´Øn¬ Ckvemw aXsØ ]p\cp÷ohn∏n°m≥ BKX\mIpsa∂v

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k) hmKvZm\w sNbvX akolv lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)bYmImew hcpIbp≠mbn.

ssZhhpw a\pjy\pambp≈ _‘w ZrVIcam°pIbmWv B almKa\Øns‚ ]cae£yw.

tIcf°cbn¬ B almXvamhns‚ ktμi {]NcWamWv kXyZqX≥ \n¿Δln®p sIm≠ncn°p∂Xv.

A\ymZriamb B¿÷hhpw BXvaob tim`bpw hnc¬ kv]¿iambn B ktμißƒ°p

≠mbncp∂p. kqcy\pZn®m¬ Nfnsh≈Ønepw AXns‚ {]Imiw {]Xnên°p∂Xv t]mse Camw

alvZnbpsS D÷ze tXP v AlvaZnøm {]ÿm\sØ FXn¿°p∂ s]mXp apkvenwIfpsS Ccp´p

tImÍfnepw {]Imiw ]cØnbn´p≠v. kXyZqX\neqsS tIcfØnse apkvenw s]mXpaWvUeØnepw

AXns‚ ]m¿iz Zo]Xn {]kcn®n´p≠v F∂XmWv hmkvXhw. Jp¿B≥ hN\ßƒ°v hmKvZØ

akolpw At±lØns‚ Jeoâmcpw \¬Inb hymJym\ßƒ {]Ncn∏n®psIm≠pw Ckvemans\

kw_‘n®v \p‰m≠pIfmbn {]Ncn®ph∂ncp∂ ]e Zp¿[mcWIfpw XncpØnbpw hnip≤ Jp¿Bs‚

hymJym\ßfn¬ IS∂pIqSnb sX‰pIƒ Nq≠n°mńbpw Ckvemw aX hna¿iI¿°v bp‡amb

adp]Sn \¬Inbpw ssh⁄m\nI temIsØ CkvemanI bYm¿∞ ]cnt{]£yØn¬

]cnNbs∏SpØnbpw kXyZqX≥ ]Xn‰m≠pIfneqsS apt∂dn. temI kw`hßƒ°v apºn¬ {]XnjvTn®

CkvemanI Z¿∏Wßfmbncp∂p AlvaZnøm Jeoâm¿. temIØn∂v CkvemanIamb Znimt_m[w

\¬Ip∂ kpNn¥yhpw kmckºq¿Æhpamb AhcpsS Nn¥Ifpw hN\ßfpw Ckvemans‚ t\¿

hN\ßfmbncp∂p. AXv aebmfØn¬ tIƒ∏n°m≥ kXyZqX\mbn´p≠v. [m¿anIhpw

A≤ymXvanIhpamb AhcpsS am¿§ Z¿i\ßƒ°v ]pdta ImenIkw`hßtfmSp≈ {]XnIcWßfpw

kXyZqX\neqsS shfn®w I≠p. H∂pw c≠pw temI almbp≤ßƒ, P∏m\n¬ h¿jn°s∏´

AWpt_mw_v, sFIy cmjv{S k`bpsS cq]oIcWw, Ckvdmtb¬ cq]oIcWw, blqZ

KqVmtemN\Iƒ, C¥y≥ kzmX{¥y kacw, Ad_nIfpsS Zp¿LSmhÿ, sNhn sImSpØns√¶nepw

ImemImeßfn¬ Ad_v ap…nw temIØn\v \¬Inb kZp]tZißƒ, Kƒ^v bp≤ßƒ,

IayqWnkØns‚ XI¿®, aXcmjv{Sv hmZØns‚ A]ISßƒ km{amPyXzØns‚ XI¿®, ap∂mw

temI almbp≤sØ ]‰nbp≈ Xm°oXpIƒ, temIØns‚ `mhn Aßs\ temI kw`hßtfmSp≈

AlvaZnøm PamAØns‚ CkvemanIamb {]XnIcWßfpw hnebncpØepw am¿§\n¿t±ißfpw

kXyZqX\neqsS aebmfØn¬ {]IminXambn´p≠v.

kXyZqXs‚ P\\w Hcp P\phcnbnemWv. Cu 95˛mw ]nd∂mfn¬ hmb\°m¿°v kXyZqXs‚

lm¿±amb ]pXph’cmiwkIƒ.


lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

bpKi_vZw

XoPzmeIƒ°v Fs∂ \in∏n°m\mhn√Cu almhnπhsØ t\m°n°mWpho≥! CXp

a\pjys‚ ssI°v kw`hn°p∂XmtWm F∂m

temNn°pho≥! temI¿ B{Kln®p, Cu {]ÿm\

Øns‚ \mamSbmfßƒ t]mepw _m°nbmhmØ

\nebn¬ \in∏n®p IfbWsa∂v. CXv AhcpsS

hcpXnbn¬s∏´ ImcyamsW¶n¬ Cu {]ÿm\w

Ft∂ \ins®mSpßpambncp∂p. F∂m¬, CXp

A√mlphns‚ {]h¿ØnbmIp∂p. Ah≥ Dt±in°p

∂sXt¥m AXns\ XSbm≥ Cu temIØn\v

km[n°p∂X√. temIw Dt±in°p∂sXt¥m AXv

ssZhw C—n®Xs√¶n¬ AsXmcn°epw kw`hn°p

∂X√. Nn¥n®p t\m°pho≥! Fs‚ ImcyØn¬

apgph≥ Deam°∑mcpw ]o¿]p{X∑mcpw ]pWyÿm\n

Ifpw FXncmfnIfmbn AWn\nc∂p. a‰p aXÿsc

bpw Fs‚ i{XpXbn¬ Ah¿ Iq´pImcm°nam‰n.

Fs∂ kw_‘n®nStØmfw Ah¿ F√mXcw

{iaßfnepw G¿s∏´p. apkvenwItfbpw Fs‚ t\sc

Zp¿`mh\ ]pe¿Øp∂hcm°n am‰m\mbn Ip^vd

^Xvh ]pds∏Sphn®p. Cu ]cn]mSnbnepw hnPbw

kn≤n°msX h∂t∏mƒ tI pIfpsS Hcp ]cºc

Bcw`n®p. sImet° nepw Fs∂ Ipcp°nbn´p.

Fs∂ in£bneIs∏SpØp∂Xn\v Ignbp∂{X F√m

{iaßfpw \SØn. Hcp ]mXncnsb h[n°m≥

{ian®Xmbn Fs‚ t]cn¬ I≈ Ip‰w NpaØn . Cu

tIkn¬ aplΩZv lpssk≥ `´mehn km£n

]dbm≥ k∂≤\mhpIbpw sNbvXp. Rm≥

tIkn¬s]´p hnjan°Wsa∂pw in£n°s∏SWw

F∂pw At±lw B{Kln°p∂p ≠mbncp∂p. aplΩZv

lpssks‚ Cu {iaßƒ hy‡am°nbXv

sXfnhpIfpw {]amWßfpap∂bn °m≥ At±lw

Ai‡\msW∂t{X. i{Xp \ymbhmZßƒ D∂bn

°m≥ {]m]vX\mImsX hcptºmgpw {]amWßfneqsS

Ip‰w hn[n°m≥ IgnbmsX hcptºmgpw t{Zmln

°m\pw sIm√m\pw πm\nSpIbpw \mń¬ \n∂pw

Bń]pdØm°m≥ h´w Iq´pIbpw sNøp∂XmW

t√m k{ºZmbw. Ah¿ ]e XcØnep≈ KqVmtem

N\Ifpw Bkp{XWw sNøm≥ XpSßp∂p. Xncp\_n

(k) s°Xnsc a°bnse AhnizmknIƒ°v H∂pw

sNøm\mImsX hcnIbpw F√m hn[Ønepw Ah¿

Ai‡cmbn `hn°pIbpw sNbvXt∏mƒ Ahcpw

CØcØn¬ Xs∂ Xncpta\n(k)sb sIm√pItbm

XShnenSpItbm \mń¬ \n∂pw ASnt®mSn°pItbm

sNøm≥ KqVmtemN\ \SØpItbm BWt√m

D≠mbXv. Xncp\_n(k)bpsS klNc¿°v ISpØ

t¢ißƒ D≠m°nsh®p. F∂m¬ HSphn¬

XßfpsS F√m Bkq{XWßfnepw KqVmtemN\

Ifnepw Ah¿ ]cmPnXcpw \ncmicpambnXo¿∂p.

AtX kp∂Øpw coXnIfpw Xs∂bmWv Fs‚

ImcyØnepw {]mh¿ØnIam°s∏Sp∂Xv. F∂m¬

Cu temIw AXns‚ {kjvSmhpw k¿ΔtemI

c£nXmhpamb Hcp kØbpsS {]`mhØn∂Sna

s∏ńcn°p∂p. Ah≥ Xs∂bmWv I≈hmZntbbpw

kXyhmZnsbbpw th¿Xncn°p∂Xv. kXyhmZn°v

]n¥pW \¬IpIbpw kXyhmZnsb hnPbn∏n®p

ImWn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xpw Ah≥ Xs∂. Ct∏mƒ

Cu ImeL´Ønepw ssZhw Ahs‚ AXv`pX

i‡nbpsS DZmlcWw ImWn®ncn°bmWv.

ssZhØns‚ ]n¥pWbpsSbpw klmbßfp

sSbpw kPohamb HcSbmfamIp∂p Rm≥.

kapZmbw apgph\pw X≈n°f™ AtXhy‡n

Xs∂bmWv Cubp≈h≥. Rm\n∂pw kzoIrX∑m

cn¬s]´h\mbn \nßfpsS apºn¬ \n¬°pIbm

Wv. Ct∂°v \m¬∏Xv sIm√w apºv Rm\nhnsS

h∂ncp∂t∏mƒ Ft∂msSm∂n®v \n¬°m≥

BcmWv CjvSs∏ńcp∂Xv? Deam°fpw ^p°dm°

fpw F√mXcØn¬ s]´ alm∑mcpw D∂Xcmb

hy‡nIfpw Rm≥ \in®p t]mIWsa∂v B{Kln

°pIbmbncp∂p. Cu {]ÿm\w \ins®mSpßn

t∏mhpsa∂pw Ah¿ Bin®psIm≠ncp∂p. F\n°v

]ptcmKXnbp≠mIpsa∂v Ah¿ Duln°pI t]mepw

sNbvXnń√. F∂m¬ Xs‚ kXyZmksc Ft∏mgpw

]n¥pW®pt]m∂ B ssZhw, kmXznItcbpw

k≤¿ΩnItfbpw hnPbn∏n®p sIm≠ncp∂ B

k¿Δm[n\mY≥ Fs‚ ]n¥pWs°Øn. Fs‚

FXncmfnIƒXns°Xnsc AhcpsS Dt±iyßƒ

°pw Bkq{XWßƒ°pw t\¿ hn]coXamb

\nebn¬, F\n°h≥ kzoImcw X∂\p{Kln°pI

bpw Hcp P\°q´sØ F\n°\pIqeambn Xncn®p

hnSpIbpw sNbvXp. B i{XpXbpsSbpw IjvS∏mSp

IfpsSbpw Xnc»oetbbpw XS ßsfbpw

]n®nNo¥ns°m≠mWh¿ Fs‚ ASp°te°v

HmSnsbØnbXpw h∂SpØpsIm≠ncn°p∂Xpw.

a\pjycpsS BtemN\Ifpw Bkq{XWßfpw

sIm≠v Cu hnPbêßƒ ssIhcn°phm≥

km[n°ptam F∂v \√ hÆw BtemNn®p

t\m°pI!. (eIvN¿ knbm¬t°m´v)


JpXv_ kw{Klw

lZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZv (AøZlp...)

\-_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n ln-Pv-d c-

≠mw- h¿-j-Øn¬ X-ß-fp-sS A-

Ωm-bn-bp-sS a-I-\mb k-tlm-Z-c≥

l-Zvd-Øv A-–p√m-ln-_v-\p P-l-in-

s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ H-cp kwL-

sØ \-Jv-e-bn-te-°-b®p. l-Zvd-Øv

D-Xv -_bpw A-Xn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øn-

cp∂p. Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS A-\-°-a-

S-°-ßƒ Iq-Sp-X¬ A-Sp-Ø-dnbp-

Ibpw A-X-\p-k-cn-®v A-h-iyam-b

\n¿ -t± -i -ßƒ \¬-Ip -Ibpw

sNøpI F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p \-_n-Xn-

cp-ta-\n-(k) bp-sS D-t±-iyw. A-ß-

s\ s]-s´-∂p-≈ F√m B-{I-a-W-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw aZo-\ kp-c-£n-X-

am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. B-b-Xn-\m¬

A-Xn-\mbn F-´v ap-lm-Pn-dp-I-f-S-ßp-

∂ H-cp kwLsØ Hcp°pIbpw

Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS cl-ky ]-≤-Xn-I-

sf-°p-dn-®vv F-fp-∏-Øn¬ A-dn-hp e-

`n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu kwLØn¬

Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS hy-XykvX tKm-

{X-ß-fn¬ \n-∂p-≈ B-fp-I-sfbpw

Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. l-Zv-d-Øv

A-–p√m-ln-_v-\p P-l-in-s\ B

]m¿-´nbp-sS A-ao¿ B-bn \n-›-bn-

°p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. Cu kwL-

sØ A-b-°p-tºmƒ F-hn-tS-°m-

Wp t]m-Ip-∂-sXt∂m F-¥n-\p-

th-≠n-bm-Wp t]m-Ip-∂-sX-t∂m

A-dn-bn®n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. ]p-d-s∏-

Sp-tºmƒ ko¬ sNbv-X H-cp F-gp-

Øv \¬-In-bn-´p ]-d™p; Cu I-

Øn¬ \n-ßƒ-°p-≈ \n¿-t±-i-ß-

fp-≠v. a-Zo-\-bn¬ \n∂pw c-≠p Zn-

hk-sØ bm-{X sN-bv-Xp I-gn-bp-

tºmƒ Cu I-Øp Xpd∂v A-Xn-

se \n¿-t±-i-ßƒ {]m-h¿-Øn-I-am-

°p-I. A-ßs\ a-Zo-\-bn¬ \n∂pw

c-≠p Znhk-sØ bm-{X ]n-∂n-´-

t∏mƒ A-–p√m-lv \-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-

bp-sS \n¿-t±-i-ßƒ Xpd-∂p t\m-

°n-b-t∏mƒ A-Xn¬ F-gp-Xn-bn-´p-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p; a-°-bv°pw Xzm-bn-

^n-\p-an-S-bn-ep-≈ \Jv-e Xm-gvh-c-bn-

te-°p \n-ßƒ t]m-Ip-Ibpw Jp-

ssd-in-I-fp-sS A-h-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn-

®-dn-bp-I-bpw A-Xv \-sΩ A-dn-bn-

°p-Ibpw sN-øp-I. A-Xn-\p ti-

jw B kw-Lw \-Jv-e-bn-te-°p Xn-

cn®p. h-gn-at[y k-A-Zp-_v-\p A-

_o h-Jm-kn-s‚bpw D-Xv-_ _n≥

K-kvhm-s‚bpw H-´-Iw Im-Wm-sX

t]mbn. A-h¿ A-Xn-s‚ A-t\z-j-

W-Øn¬ Iq-sS-bp-≈-h-cn¬ Iq-´w-

sX-‰n -t∏mbn. hf-sc A-t\z-jn-

®n´pw Iq-sS-bp-≈h-sc I-s≠-Øm-

\m-bn√. A-ßs\ B-dp-t]-c-S-ßp-

∂ H-cp kw-L-am-bn- A-h-ti-jn-®p.

ap-kvenw-I-fpsS Cu sN-dp-

kw-Lw \-Jv-e-bn¬ F-Øp-Ibpw

X-ß-fp-sS tPm-en-I-fn¬ hym-]r-X-

_Z¿ klm_namcpsS

DXvIrjvS kz`mhKpWßƒ

Aao-dp¬ apAvan-\o≥ Jeo-̂ -Øp¬ a-kolv lZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZv

(AøZlp..) 2019 Unkw_¿ 20\v -ap_md°v tamkvIv, Ckvemam_mZv,

bp.sIbn¬ \n¿hln® PpapA JpXv_bpsS kw{Klw.


cm-Ip-Ibpw sN-bvXp. A-hcn¬ Nn-

e¿ c-l-ky-w Im-Øp-kq£n-°p-∂-

Xn-\m-bn X-e ap-WvV-\w sN-bvXp.

h-gn-t]m-°¿ Ah-sc Dw-d \n¿-Δ-ln-

°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn h-∂-h-cm-sW-∂p [-

cn-°p-Ibpw B¿°pw bm-sXm-cp

kw-i-bhpw tXm-∂m-Xn-cn-°m≥-th-

≠n-bp-amWv A-ßn-s\ sN-bv-XXv. ]-

t£ H-cp Znh-kw Xzm-bn-^n¬

\n∂pw a-°-bn-te-°p t]m-Ip-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂ Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS H-cp sN-

dp-kw-Lw s]s-´-∂-hn-sS F-Øn-

t®¿-∂p. C-cp kw-L-ßfpw t\¿-

°p-t\¿ I-≠p-apń. F-¥p sN-ø-

W-sa-∂v ap-kvenw-Iƒ ]-c-kv]-cw

Iq-Sn-bm-tem-Nn®p. \-_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-

\n AXo-h c-l-ky-am-bn hm¿-Ø-

I-f-dn-™ph-cm≥ A-b-®-Xm-bn-cp-

∂p. Hcp B-{Ia-Ww \-S-Øm-\m-bn-

´m-bn-cp-∂n√ A-b-®Xv. A-ßn-s\ c-

≠p F-Xn¿-I-£n-Ifpw ap-Jm-ap-Jw

\n¬-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. kzm-`m-hn-I-

ambpw A-h¿-°p tXm-∂n A-Xmb-

Xv Jp-ssd-in kw-Lw \-sΩ I-≠p-

I-gn™p. C-\n c-l-kyw kq-£n-

°p-hm≥ I-gn-bn√. A-tX ka-bw

Nn-e ap-kvenw-Iƒ Nn-¥n-®p; C-Xv dP-

_v am-k-amWv A-Xmb-Xv i-lv-sd

l-dm -an -s‚(B-Z -cWo -b am -k-

Øns‚) A-h-km-\-amWv. A-d-_n-

I-fp-sS k-{º-Zm-b-a-\p-k-cn®v bp-

≤w sN-øm≥ ]m-Sn√. \Jv-e Xm-gv

h-c-bm-sW-¶n¬ l-d-an-s‚ A-Xn¿-

Øn {]-tZ-i-Øm-bn-cp∂p ÿn-Xn-

sN-øp-∂-Xv. C-∂pX-s∂ F-s¥-

¶nepw Xo-cp-am-\-ap-≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬

\m-sf Cu kw-Lw l-d-an¬ {]-th-

in-°p-∂-XmWv. A-Xn-s‚ ]-hn{X-X

Im-Øp kq-£n-t°-≠-Xp-w B-h-

iy-amWv. C-sX√mw Nn-¥n-®v H-Sp-

hn¬ ap-kvenw-Iƒ Xo-cp-am-\-sa-

SpØp. Jp-ssd-in kwL-sØ B-

{I-an-°p-I. B-{I-an-®v _-μn-I-fm-

°p-Itbm h-[n-°p-Itbm sN-øpI.

Aß-s\ A-h¿ B-{I-an-®p k-Xy-

\n-tj-[n-I-fnse H-cmƒ h-[n-°-s∏-

´p c-≠p-t]-sc _-μn-I-fm-°n. \m-

ema-sØ Bƒ Hm-Sn -c-£-s∏-´p. ap-

kvenw-Iƒ-°v A-bm-sf ]n-Sn-Iq-Sm≥

I-gn-™n√. A-{]-Im-cw A-h-cp-sS

]-≤-Xn-Iƒ hn-P-b-Øn-s‚ h-°n-se-

Øn. A-Xn-\p ti-jw ap-kvenw-Iƒ

B kw-L-Øn-s‚ ap -X-ep -Iƒ

ssI-°-em°n. Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS H-

cmƒ c-£-s∏-ń-cn°p-∂ ÿn-Xn-°v

Xo¿-®-bm-bpw A-bmƒ Cu B-{I-

a-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ hm¿Ø a-°-

bn-se-Øn°pw A-Xp-sIm-≠v A-

–p√m-ln-_v-\p P-lipw Iq-ćpw

bp-≤-ap-X-ep-I-fp-am-bn s]-s´-∂v a-

Zo-\-bn-te-°p Xn-cn-®p-h-∂p. Cu

kw-Lw \-_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS

k-hn-[-Øn-se-Øn \-S-∂-sX√mw

tIƒ-∏n®p. A-t∏mƒ A-hn-S-∂v hc-

sf-b-[n-Iw tIm-]n®p. F-∂n-´p ]-

d™p; Rm≥ \n-ßƒ-°p i-lv-sd

l-dm-an¬ A-XmbXv B-Z-cWo-b am-

k-Øn¬ bp-≤w sN-øm≥ A-\p-hm-

Zw \¬-In-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. Xn-cp-

ta-\n(k) K-\o-a-Øp-apX¬ (bp-≤-

apX¬) \n-tj-[n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

A-–p√m-bpw Iq-´-cpw A-Xy-[n-Iw

e-÷n-X-cmbn. A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw d-

kq-en-s‚bpw tIm-]-Øn-\n-c-bm-bn-

s°m-≠v \mw \-in®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-

∂p F-∂-h¿ Nn-¥n-®p. \n-ßƒ

F-¥m-Wo sN-bvX-Xv F-∂p ]d-™v

a-‰p kz-lm-_n-Ifpw Ah-sc Ip-‰-

s∏-SpØn.

a-dp-h-i-Øv Jp-ssd-in-I-

fpw _-l-f-ap-≠m-°n ap-kvenw-Iƒ

B-Z-cWo-b am-k-Øn-s‚ ]-hn-{X-

X- X-I¿-Øn-cn-°p ∂p. Jp-ssd-in-

I-fn¬ \n∂pw h-[n-°-s∏-´ hy-‡n

Aw-dp-_n≥ A¬ln-Zvd-an H-cp t\-

Xm-hpw a-°-bn-se t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂

DXv-_ _n≥ d-_o-A-bp-sS a-°-bn-

se k-Jy-I-£n-I-fn¬-s∏-´-bm-fp-am-

bn-cp∂p. A-°mc-Ww sIm≠pw

Cu kw-̀ -h-Øn¬ Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS

tIm-]m-·n Iq-SpX¬ B-fn-°Øn.

A-h¿ ]q¿-Δm-[n-Iw B-th-i-tØm-

Sp-Iq-Sn a-Zo\-sb B-{I-an-°m≥ X-

øm-dmbn. Np-cp-°-Øn¬ Cu kw-`-

h-tØm-sS ap-kvenw-Ifpw \n-tj-[n-

Ifpw C-cpIq-ćpw X-Ωn¬ hm-Kzm-

Z-ß-fp-≠mbn. H-Sp-hn¬ hn-ip-≤-

Jp¿-B-\nse Cu Bb-Øv C-d-ßn.

A-Xn-\p ti-jw ap-kvenw-Iƒ-°v

B-izm -k-hpw k-am -[m -\ -hp -

ap≠mbn. B hN\w C-Xm-Wv.

B-Z-c-Wo-b am-k-Øn¬ bp-

≤w sN-øp-∂-Xn-s\ kw-_-‘n-®v P-

\-ßƒ \n-t∂m-Sp tNm-Zn-°p∂p. A-

h-tcm-Sp ]-d-bp-I, A-Xn¬ bp-≤w

sN-øp∂-Xv hen-b A-]-cm-[-amWv.

F-∂m¬ A√m-lp-hn-s‚ am¿-§-

Øn¬ \n-∂p P-\ß-sf X-S-bp-

∂Xpw A-h-s\ \n -tj-[n -°p -

∂Xpw A-hnS-sØ \n-hm-knI-sf

A-Xn¬-\n-∂p _-ln-jv -I-cn -°p-

∂Xpw A√m-lp-hn-s‚ ]-°¬ A-

Xn-t\-°mƒ hen-b A-]-cm-[-am-

Ip∂p. Xo¿-®-bmbpw B-Z-c-Wo-b

am-k-Øn¬ ^nXv-\ D-≠m°p-I

F∂-Xv B- ̂ n-Xv\-sb X-S-bp-∂-Xn-

\p th-≠n sIm-e sN-øp-∂-Xn-t\-

°mƒ Ip-‰-I-c-amWv. ap-kvenw-Itf,

k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-sS A-h-ÿ F-

{]-Im-c-am-sW-∂m¬ A-h¿ \n-ß-

tfm-Sp-≈ i-{Xp-X-bm-ep-≈ A-‘-

X \n-an-Øw G-Xp k-a-bØpw F-

hn-sS h®pw \n-ß-tfm-Sp bp-≤w

sN-øm≥ a-Sn-°p-I-bn√. A-h¿-°p

km-[n-°p-sa-¶n¬ \n-ß-fp-sS a-X-

Øn¬-\n-∂p \nß-sf ]n-¥n-cn -

∏n°p-thm-fw A-h¿ \n-ß-tfm-Sp

bp-≤w sN-bvXp-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.

(A¬-_Jd:218)

A√m-lp-hn¬ \n-∂p-≈

Cu a-dp]-Sn ap-kvenw-Iƒ-°v B-izm-

k-Zm-b-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. Jp-ssd-in-

Ifpw A-ev-]w ASßn. A-Xn-\n-S-

bn¬-Ø-s∂ A-h-cp-sS B-fpIƒ

A-h-cp-sS X-S-hn-em-°-s∏-´ c-≠p-

t]sc tam-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn a-Zo-

\-bn-se-Øn. A-t∏mƒ k-A-Zp-_n-

\p A-_o-h-Jmkpw D-Xv-_m _n≥

K-kvhm\pw Xn-cn-s®-Øn-bn-́ p-≠m-bn-

cp-∂n√. A-h¿ Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS

ssI-I-fn -e-I-s∏-´p I-gn -™m¬

Ah-sc Po-h-t\m-sS hn-Sp-I-bn√

F-t∂m¿-Øv \-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n B-i-

¶-s∏´p. AXp-sIm-≠v A-hnS-∂v A-

h¿ c-≠p t]cpw Xn-cn-s®-Øp-∂-

Xph-sc X-S-hp-]p-≈nI-sf hn´p-

sIm-Sp-Øn√. F-s‚ c-≠m-fp-Iƒ

kp-c-£n-X-am-bn a-Zo-\-bn¬ Xn-cn-s®-


Øn-°-gn-™m¬ \n-ß-fp-sS B-fp-

I-sfbpw hn-´-b°mw F-∂p ]-

d™p. A-ßs\ A-h¿ c-≠p-

t]cpw Xn-cn-s®-Øn-b-t∏mƒ ^nZn-

b hm-ßn Ah-sc hn-´-b-®p. F-

∂m¬ A-Xn¬ H-cmƒ kz-X-{¥-\m-

°-s∏-´n´pw Xn-cn®p-t]m-Im≥ X-øm-

dm-bn√. a-Zo-\-bn¬ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂-

Xn-\n-S-bn¬ \-_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-

sS D-∂-X k-hnti-j kz-`m-h-K-W-

ßfpw C-kveman-I A-[ym-]-\-ß-

fp-sS bm-Ym¿-∞y-hpw AsX-{X-am-

{Xw A-bm-sf kzm-[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p. ]n-

∂oSv ap -kven -am -bn -s°m-≠v \-

_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS k-l-N-c≥-

am-cn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-I-bpw H-Sp-hn¬ _n-

Av-sd a-Du-\-bn¬ i-lo-Zm-Ip-Ibpw

sN-bv-Xp.

l-Zvd-Øv DXv-_ _n≥ K-

khm-\v _-Z¿ bp-≤-Ønepw Xp-S-¿-

∂p-≈ F√m bp-≤-ß-fnepw \-

_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS Iq-sS ]-s¶-

Sp-°p-hm-\p-≈ ku-`m-Ky-ap-≠m-bn.

\-_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS {]-Kev̀ cm-

b A-sº-bv-Øp-Im-cn¬ s]-´-bm-fm-

bn-cp-∂p l-Zvd-Øv D-Xv-_ _n≥ K-

k hm≥. l-Zvd-Øv D-a¿(d) l-Zvd-

Øv D-Xv_-sb t]¿-jy-bn¬ \n-∂p-

≈ D-_p-e {]-tZ-i-sØ B-fp-I-fp-

am-bn bp-≤w sN-øp-∂-Xn-\m-bn _-

{k-bn-te-°-b-®p. F-Æq-dv B-fp-I-

tfm-sSm-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p l-Zvd-Øv D-

a¿(d) A-b-®Xv. ]n-∂o-Sv Iq-Sp-X¬

k-lm -b -ßƒ F-Øn -°p -I -bp -

≠mbn. l-Zv-d-Øv DXv-_, D_p-e {]-

tZ-iw Io-g-S-°p-Ibpw _-{k ]-´-

W-Øn-\m-bn A-Xn¿ \n-›-bn-°p-

Ibpw sN-bvXp. _-{k-sb H-cp ]-

-́W-am-°p-Ibpw A-Xn-s\ P-\-\n-_n-

U-am-°p-Ibpw sNbv-X B-Zy-sØ

hy-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-t±lw. l-Zvd-

Øv D-a¿(d) l-Zvd-Øv D-Xv-_ _n≥

K-kvhm-s\ _-{k-bp-sS `-c-Wm-[n-

Im-cn-bm-bn \n-b-an-®-t∏mƒ A-t±-

lw Jco-_ F-∂ {]-tZi-Øp \n¬-

°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. l-Zvd-Øv D-Xv-_

l-Zvd-Øv D-a¿(d)\p I-sØ-gp-Xn A-

dn-bn®p; ap-kvenw-Iƒ-°m-bn ioX-

Im-ew I-gn-®p Iq-´p-∂-Xn\pw bp-

≤w I-gn-™p h-cp-tºmƒ X-ßp-∂-

Xn\pw A\p-tbm-Pyam-b H-cp ÿ-

ew I-s≠-tØ ≠-Xv A-\n-hm-cy-

amWv. l-Zvd-Øv D-a¿(d) A-t±-l-Øn-

s\-gp-Xn ap-kvenwI-sf sh-≈-hpw,

ar-K-ßƒ-°p-≈ ta-®n¬ ÿ-e-hpw

D-≈ H-cp ÿe-Øv H-cp-an-®p Iq-´p-

I.

hm-fn-s‚ X-W-en-\p Io-sg-

bm-Wv R-ßƒ h-f¿-∂Xv. A-t±-lw

X-s‚ hm-°p-Iƒ Ahkm\n∏n-

®n√ A-Xn-\p ap≥-]m-bn A-_p¬-

ssl-kw _n≥ Xn-lvbm≥ A-t±-l-

Øn-s‚ hm-°p-Iƒ t`Zn®p-. DXv-_

Ah-sc _-{k-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bn

Xm-a-kn-∏n-®p. l-Zv-d-Øv DXv-_ l-

÷v \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn t]m-b-

t∏mƒ a-Pm-in- D_v-\p h-khZn-s\

Xm-ev-Imen-I {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn \n-b-

an®p-sIm-≠v ^p-dm-Øn-te-°p \o-

ßp-hm≥ I¬-]n®p. l-Zvd-Øv apKo-

d _n≥ in-Av-_-tbm-Sv \-a-kv-Im-c-

Øn-\v C-ama-Øv h-ln-°m≥ I-ev-

]-\ \¬In. l-Zvd-Øv DXv-_ l-Zvd-

Øv D-a¿(d)s‚ A-Sp-°¬ F-Øn-

b-t∏mƒ `-c-Wm-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ \n-

∂pw cm-Pnhbv-°p-hm≥ B-{K-ln-

®p. ]-t£ l-Zvd-Øv D-a¿ A-t±-l-

Øn-s‚ cm-Pn kzo-I-cn-®n√. A-

t∏mƒ A-t±-lw Zp-B sN-bv-Xp

A√m-lp-th \o F-s∂ B ]-´-W-

Øn-te-°p a-S-°n- A-b-bv-°-cptX.

]n-∂o-Sv A-t±-lw bm-{Xm-ar-K-Øn¬

\n∂pw ho-gp-Ibpw ln-Pvcn 17\v \n-

cym-X-\m-Ip-Ibpw sN-bvXp. l-Zvd-

Øv D-Xv-_-bp-sS h-^m-Øn-\p-ti-

jw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-abm-b kp-

ssh-Zv A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ km-[-\-ß-

fpw kzØpw l-Zvd-Øv D-a-dn-s‚ A-

Sp-°¬ sIm-≠p sN∂p. l-Zvd-Øv

D-Xv-_ 57 hb- p h-sc Po-hn®p.

s]m-°-ap-≈-bm-fpw kp-μ-c-\p-am-bn-

cp-∂p A-t±-lw.

A-Sp-Ø kz-lm-_n-bp-sS

t]-cm-Wv l-Zvd-Øv k-A-Zp_n≥ D-

_m-Z. A-t±-l-Øn‚ hw-i-\m-aw A-

_q-km-_n-Xv F-∂m-bn-cp∂p. l-Zvd-

Øv k-A-Zp-_n≥ D_m-Z H-cp t\-

Xm-hpw [¿-Ωn-jvT-\p-am-bn-cp∂p.

F√m bp-≤-ß-fnepw A≥-kzm-dp-I-

fp-sS ]Xm-I A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ I-øn-

em-bn-cp-∂p. A≥-kzm-dp-I-fp-sS Iq-

-́Øn¬ {]-Xm-]-ap-≈-bm-fm-bn-cp-∂p

A-t±lw. A-t± -l-Øn-s‚ t\-

XrXzw F√m-hcpw Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-

cp∂p. Pm-ln-en-øm Im-e-Øv A-t±-

l-Øn-\v Ad-_n F-gp-Ø-dn-bm-am-

bn-cp-∂p. B Ime-Øv F-gp-Ø-dn-

bp-∂-h¿ hf-sc Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-∂p.

\o-¥-enepw A-sº-bv-Ønepw {]-K-

ev̀ -\m-bn-cp-∂p. C-°m-cy-ß-fn¬ {]m-

K-ev`y-ap-≈h-sc Im-an¬ F-∂m-Wv

]-d-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. l-imw-_n≥ D¿-

h X-s‚ ]n-Xm-hn¬ \n∂v \n-thZ-

\w sN-øp-∂p, Rm≥ k-A-Zp-_n≥

D-_mZ-sb Im-Wp∂-Xv A-t±-lw X-

s‚ tIm-´-bp-sS ap-I-fn¬ \n-∂pw

]-d-bp-∂ A-h-ÿ-bn-emWv; \n-ß-

fn¬ amw-k-hpw sIm-gp∏pw I-gn-°m-

\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ k-A-Zp-_v-\p D-

_m-Z-bp-sS A-Sp-°¬ h-cn-I. Rm≥

A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ a-I-s\bpw A-Xp-

t]m-se £-Wn-°p∂-Xv I-≠n-́ p-≠v.

a-I\pw k¬-°-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

c≠mw ss_A-sØ D-Jv-_-bn-em-

Wv l-Zvd-Øv k-A-Zp-_n≥ D_m-Z

C-kvvemw kzo-I-cn-®-Xv. kod-Øp

Jm-X-ap-∂-_n-øo-\n¬ C-Xp kw-_-

‘-am-bn C-{]-Im-cw hn-h-cn-°p-∂p,

13 \-_-hn-bn¬ Zp¬-l-÷v am-k-

Øn¬ l-÷v th-f-bn¬ Hu-kn-

sebpw J-Zvc-Pn-sebpw Ip-d-®m-fp-

Iƒ a-°-bn¬ h-∂p. A-Xn¬ F-

gp]-Xv B-fp-Iƒ ap-kvenw-I-fm-bn-

cp-∂p A-s√-¶n¬ ap-kvenw-I-fm-

Im≥ B-{K-ln-®p h-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-

∂p.

\-_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n-°v an-

kvA-_v aptJ-\ A≥-kzm-dp-I-fp-

sS h-c-hn-s\-°p-dn-®v A-dn-hp e-`n-

®n-cp∂p. A-h-cn¬ ]-ecpw hy-‡n-

]-c-am-bn Iq-Sn-°mgv-N \-S-Øn-b-h-

cm-bn-cp∂p. F-∂m¬ Cu A-h-k-

c-Øn¬ H-cp-an®v hy-Xy-kv-Xam-tbm-

cp Iq-Sn-°mgv-N B-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.

A-ß-s\ l÷vv I¿-Ω-ßƒ ]q¿-

Øn-bm-b-Xn-\p ti-jw Zp¬-l-÷v

am-k-Øn-s‚ a-[y-Øn¬ H-cp Xob-


Xn \n-›-bn-°-s∏-´p. \n-›n-X Znh-

kw ]mXncm-{Xn-tbm-S-Sp-Ø k-ab-

Øv F√m-hcpw I-gn-™ h¿-jw k-

tΩ-fn-® Xm-gvhm-c-Øn¬ h-∂v \-

_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-am-bn Im-Wp-

I. A-ß-s\ \n›n-X Znh-kw h-

s∂-Øn-b-t∏mƒ cm-{Xn-bn¬ ho-́ n¬

\n∂pw X-\n-®v ]p-d-Øn-dßn. h-gn-

bn¬ sh-®v ]n-Xrk-tlm-Z-c\m-b

A-∫m-kn-s\bpw Iq-sS Iq-ń. A-

t±-lw A-t∏mƒ _-lp-ssZ-h hn-

izm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂p. F-¶nepw \-

_n(k)Xn-cp-ta\n-tbm-Sv kv-t\-l-am-

bn-cp-∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v c-≠p t]-cpw-Iq-

Sn Xm-gvhm-c-Øn-seØn. A≥-kzm-

dp-I-fpw Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cm-bpw Cuc-

≠p t]-cmbpw A-hn-sS F-Øn-t®¿-

∂p. G-‰-hp-amZyw A-∫m-kv kw-`m-

j-W-am-cw-`n-®p. A√tbm J-Zvc-Pn-

s‚ k-aql-ta ap-l-ΩZv (k) Ip-

Spw-_-Øn¬ B-Z-c-Wo-b\pw {]n-b-

s∏-´-h-\p-amWv. C-∂ph-sc Ip-Spw-

_w A-t±lØns‚ kw-c-£-Ww

G-s‰-SpØp-sIm-≠n-cp∂p. F√m

B-]¬-L-´-ß-fnepw A-t±-l-Øn-

\m-bn s\-©p hn-cn-®p \n∂p. F-

∂m¬ C-t∏mƒ ap-lΩ-Zv X-s‚ kz-

tZ-iw hn-´v \n-ß-fp-sS-b-Sp-°¬ h-

cp-hm-\m-Wv D-t±-in-°p-∂Xv. B-b-

Xn-\m¬ \n-ß-ƒ A-t±l-sØ \n-

ß-tfm-sSm-∏w sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥

B-{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \n-ßƒ-

A-t±l-sØ F√m-X-c-Ønepw kw-

c-£n-t°-≠n h-cpw. G-Xp i-{Xp-hn-

s‚ ap-∂n-epw s\-©p hn-cn-®p \n¬-

t°-≠n-h-cpw. A-Xn-\p \n-ßƒ X-

øm-dm-sW-¶n¬ hf-sc \√-Xv A√m-

Ø]-£w hy-‡-am-bn a-dp]-Sn \¬-

Ip-I. Im-cy-ßƒ hy-‡-am-bn ]-

dbp-I F-∂-Xv D-Ø-a-am-Ip-∂p.

A¬-_-dm-D-_v-\p a-Av-dq¿, -A-t±-lw

A≥-kzm-dp-I-fpsS tKm-{X-Øn-se

{]m-bw Iq-Sn-b-Xpw kzm-[o-\-ap-≈-

am-\y\m-b Hcp hy-‡n-bp-am-bn-cp-

∂p. A-t±-lw ]-d™p; A-∫m-kv

Xm-¶-fp-sS hm-°p-Iƒ R-ßƒ

tI´p. F-∂m¬ \-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw

X-ß-fp-sS Xn-cp-\mhp-sIm-≠v F-

s¥-¶nepw A-ev-]w kw-km-cn-°-W-

sa-∂vv R-ßƒ B-{K-ln-°p-∂p. R-

ß-fn-e¿-∏n-°m≥ t]m-Ip-∂ D-Ø-

c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v hn-h-cn-°-

W-sa-∂p-am-Wv B-{K-ln-°p∂Xv.

A-t∏mƒ \-_n(k)Xn-cp-ta-\n hn-ip-

≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂pw Nn-e B-b-

Øp-Iƒ Xn-emh-Øp sN-bv-X-Xn-\p

ti-jw C-kveman-I A-[ym-]-\-ß-

sf-°p-dn-®v e-Lp {]-`mj-Ww \-S-

Øn. A√m-lphn-t\m-Spw A√m-lp-

hn-s‚ Zm-k-tcm-Sp-≈ I-S-a-I-sf-°p-

dn-®v hn-h-cn-®p sIm-≠v ]-d™p;

Rm≥ F-\n-°m-bn C-{X-am-{X-am-Wv

]-d-bm≥ B-{K-ln-°p∂-Xv A-Xmb-

Xv GXp-t]m-se \n-ßƒ \n-ß-fp-

sS D-‰-h-scbpw _-‘p-°-sfbpw

kw-c-£n-°p∂pthm B-h-iy-L-´-

ß-fn¬ F-t∂mSpw A-ß-s\ s]-

cp-am-dp-I. Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS {]-`mj-

Ww Xo¿-∂-t∏mƒ A¬-_-dm- D-_v-

\p a-Av-dq¿ A-td-_y≥ co-Xn-b-\p-

k-cn-®v Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS I-c-ßƒ

kz-¥w ssI-I-fn-se-SpØp-sIm-≠v

]-d™p; bm d-kq-e√m-lv Xm¶-sf

k-Xy-X-tbm-sS \n-tbm-Kn-®-b-®

A√m-lp-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬ kXyw sN-

bvXp-sIm-≠v R-ßƒ ]-d-bp-I-bm-

Wv; R-ßƒ kz-¥w Po-h-s\-t∏m-

se Xm¶-sf kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

hm-fn-s‚ X-W-en-\p Io-sg-bm-Wv R-

ßƒ h-f¿-∂Xv. A-t±-lw X-s‚

hm-°p-Iƒ Ahkm\n∏n-®n√ A-

Xn-\p ap≥-]m-bn A-_p¬-ssl-kw

_n≥ Xn-lvbm≥ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚

hm-°p-Iƒ t`Zn®p -sIm-≠v ]-

d™p; bm-d-kq-e√m-lv b-kvcn-_n-

se b-lq-Zn-I-fp-am-bn R-ßƒ-°v

Zo¿-L-Ime-sØ _-‘-am-Wp-≈Xv.

Xm-¶-sf ]n-¥p-W-bv-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ B _-‘w ap-dn-™p t]m-

Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp Xm-¶ƒ-°v

hnP-bw \¬-In-°-gn-™m¬ Xm-

¶ƒ R-ß-sf D-t]-£n-®v kz-tZ-i-

tØ-°v Xn-cn-®p t]m-I-cpXv. Aß-

s\ R-ßƒ A-hn-sS-bpw C-hn-

sSbpw A√m-Ø A-h-ÿ D-≠m-

I-cp-Xv. \-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n Nn-cn®p-sIm-

≠v ]d-™p C√ A-ß-s\ H-cn-°-

ep-ap-≠m-In√. \n-ß-fp-sS c-‡w F-

s‚ c-‡-amWv. \n-ß-fp-sS kp-lr-

Øp-°ƒ F-s‚bpw kp-lr-Øp-

°-fm-bn-cn-°pw. \n-ß-fp-sS i-{Xp-

°ƒ F-s‚bpw i-{Xp-°-fm-bn-cn-

°pw. A-t∏mƒ A-∫m-kp _n≥ D-

_m-Z A≥-kzm-cn X-s‚ Iq-sS-bp-

≈-h-cn-te-°v I-tÆm-Sn-®p sIm-≠p

]-d™p, kp-lr-Øp-°sf, Cu ]-

c-kv-]-c-ap-≈ {]-Xn-⁄-bpsS A-

¿-∞-sa-¥m-sW-∂v \n-ßƒ-°-dnbp-

tam? A-Xn-\¿-∞w \n-ß-fn-\n I-dp-

Ø-h\pw sh-fp-Ø-h-\pam-b Hm-

tcm-cp-Ø-tcmSpw t]m-cm-Sm≥ X-øm-

dm-bn-s°m≈p-I F-∂m-Wv. (A-

Xmb-Xv ]-e k-aq-l-Øn¬s∏-´ B-

fp-I-fp-am-bpw t]m-cm-tS-≠n-hcpw).

P-\-ßƒ ]-d-™p; A-sX A√m-lp-

hn-s‚ d-kq-te R-ßƒ-°-X-dn-bmw.

]-t£ A-Xn-\p ]-I-c-am-bn R-ßƒ-

s°-¥p e-̀ n-°pw? \n-ß-ƒ°vv A√m-

lp-hn-s‚ ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ß-fn¬-

ht®-‰hpw an-I-® ]mcn-tXm-jn-Iam-

b kz¿-§w e-`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F√m-

hcpw H-‰ kz-c-Øn¬ ]d-™p; R-

ßƒ-°o am-‰-°-®h-Sw k-Ω-X-am-

Wv. A√m-lp-hn-s‚ d-kq-te A-ß-

bp-sS I-c-ßƒ ap-tºm-´v \o-ń-bm-

epw. A-hnS-∂v I-c-ßƒ ap≥-]n-

te°v \oń. B F-gp]-Xv Xym-K-h-

cy≥-amcm-b kw-Lw H-cp {]Xn-tcm-

[ D-S-º-Sn-°m-bn X-ß-sf Xn-cp-ta-

\n-bp-sS I-c-ß-fn¬ hn¬-°p-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. Cu ss_-A-Øn-s‚ t]-

cv ss_A-sØ DJv-_ km\n-b

AYhm c≠mw ss_A-sØ DJv-

_ F-∂m-Wv.

Cu ss_A-Øv \-S-∂p-I-

gn-™-t∏mƒ Xn-cp-ta-\n ]-d™p;

aqk(A)bpw Xs‚ k-aq -Zm -b-

Øn¬ \n-∂vv X-s‚ {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-

bn ]-{¥-≠p t]-sc \n-›-bn-®n-cp-

∂p. A-h¿ aq-k-bp-sS `m-K-Øp-\n-

∂p-≈ A-h-cp-sS ta¬-t\m-́ -°mcpw

kw-c-£-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw \n-

ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]-{¥-≠v {]-Xn-\n-[nI-

sf \n-›-bn-°p-I-bmWv. A-h¿ \n-

ß-fp-sS ta¬-t\m-´w h-ln-°p-∂-

tijw t]Pv 14 ¬


Ncn{XØns‚ `mKt[bw

ssZh \n¿ÆnXßfmb cYyIfn

eqsSbmWv apt∂m´v t]mIp∂Xv.

{]]© krjvSn°v ImcW

`qXcmb lZvdØv dkq¬

Xncpta\n (k) bpsS A[cØm¬

hNn°s∏´ ssZhI¬∏nXamb

Hcp alm{]hN\Øns‚ km£m

Xv°mcambncp∂p lZvdØv

AlvaZn (A)s‚ \ntbmKw. h

C≥ an≥ DΩØn C√m Jem

^olm \Zo¿ Hcp Xm°oXpImc≥

h∂p Ign™n´n√mØ Hcp

kapZmbhpan√ F∂v am\h

Ncn{XsØ ]‰n hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

]d™ kmchmIyØns‚

kaImeo\ km£yw IqSnbmbn

cp∂p lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

aX Ncn{Xw ]cntim[n®m¬

a\pjy kapZmbØn¬ Po¿ÆX

ap‰n\n∂ ImeL´ßfnse√mw

{]hmNI∑mcpsS AhXmcßfpw

⁄m\nIfpsS \ntbmKßfpw

D≠mbn´p≠v. B[p\nI temIw

as‰mcpImeØpan√mØ hn[w

\m\m `mKØv \n∂pap≈

kaqeamb ]cnh¿Ø\Øn\v

hnt[bambns°m≠ncn°p∂p

F∂Xv Hcp bmYm¿∞yamWv.

PohnXZ¿i\ßfptSbpw cmjv{So

b XXzimkv{XßfptSbpw

imkv{X kmt¶XnI apt∂‰Øn

t‚bpw XzcnXKXnbnep≈ am‰

ßƒ KXnthKw sIm≈pIbmWv.

\mKcnI ]cnjvIrXnbpsS

\nc¥cap≈ XcwKameIƒ

aXhnizmknIfn¬ am{Xa√

]mcºcykaqlßsfbmIam\w

[m¿anIambpw B≤ymXvanIam

bpw inYneam°nbncn°p∂p.

Znimt_m[an√msX apt∂m´p

t]mIp∂ kaqlKXn Xo¿®bm

bpw a\pjys\ AkzkvY\m°p

∂XmWv. aX]camb a‰p {]amW

ßsfm∂pan√msX Xs∂ Xmfw

sX‰nb a\pjy PohnXØns‚

k∑m¿§ e£yØnte°v

hgnIm´m≥ ssZht{]jnX\mb

Hcp B[nImcnI aX]pcpjs\

kaqlw At\zjn°p∂p F∂v

hyIvXamWv. B XkvXnIbnte°v

a\pjyIrXamb \nch[n hymP

hyIvXnItfbpw aq¿ØnItfbpw

{]kvYm\ßtfbpw a\pjy≥

Ahtcm[n°p∂p. F∂m¬

dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k) bptS

{]hN\ kmIeyØns‚ \ndhn¬

a\pjys‚ BXvaobamb kzXz

t_m[sØ kv]¿in®pw Xr]vXn

s∏SpØnbpw Hcp bYm¿∞

Ah[qX≥ kamKX\mbncn°p

∂p. B aX]pcpj\mWv lZvdØv

an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZnbm\n

(A).

ssZh \nbpIvXcmIp∂

{]hmNI∑mcpsS t{]jnX ZuXyw

ssZhØn¬ \n∂pw AI∂vt]mb

a\pjysc ssZhhpambn ASp∏n

°pI F∂XmWv. Ahsct∏mgpw

kaqlØns‚ XnckvIrX ]p{X

∑mcmWv. Ah¿ `’n°s∏SpI

bpw ]oVn∏n°s∏SpIbpw a¿±n

°s∏SpIbpw hymPmtcm]W

ßƒ sIm≠v A`njnIvXcmIpI

bpw sNøpw. temIsØhnsSbpw

F°meØpw {]hmNI∑m¿°pw

kXymXvam°ƒ°pw AhcpsS

kaImeo\ kaqlw \¬Inb

kzoIcWw AXmbncp∂p. lZvd

Øv AlaZv (A)s‚ ImcyØnepw

adns®m∂v kw`hn°m≥

Xcan√t√m. kmhImiw AhcpsS

kXyw ka{Kambn temIw

Xncn®dnbpIbpw Ah¿ temIØv

hnPb{ioemfnXcmbn amdpIbpw

sNøptºmƒ \ntj[nIfmb

\n¿`mKyhm∑mcpsS At\Iw

{]hN\ßfpsS \ndhn¬ B[p\nI ImeØv bYmImew

ssZhØm¬ \ntbmKnX\mb hmKvZØ aX]pcpj\mWv lZvdØv

AlvaZv (A). AhnSpsØ hnip≤ PohnXsØ Ipdn®p≈ Hcp

tcJmNn{XamWv teJI≥ hnhcn°p∂Xv

_n a≥kq¿ AlvaZv, amtØm´w

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A):bpKkw{IaWØns‚ ⁄m\ kqcy≥

teJ\w


XeapdIƒ ssZhnI \nbXnbpsS

Ai\n]mXta‰v IS∂p Ign™n

´p≠mhpw. F√m aX{KŸßfpw

kaqlßƒ Po¿Æn°ptºmgp

≠mIp∂ Cu \hoIcW {]{In

bsb°pdn®v {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v.

bZm bZmln [¿Ωky

•m\n¿ `hXn `cXm

A`yp∞m\ a[¿Ωky

XZmXva\w krPmalw.

]cn{XmWmbm km[q\mw

hn\mimb NXpjvIrXmw

[¿Ω kwkvYm]\m¿∞m

b kw`hman bptK bptK.

F∂ KoXmhN\hpw Jp¿

B≥ ]d™ {]hmNI \ntbmK

ßfpsS Nm{InIamb {]Xn`mk

Ønte°v Xs∂bmWv hnc¬

Nq≠p∂Xv. aXhnizmknIƒ

am{Xa√ aXØn¬ hnizkn°mØ

h¿ t]mepw Hcp c£Is\

ImØncp°p∂p. a\pjy kaql

Øns‚ D]t_m[a\ n¬

t]mepw c£Is\ Ipdn®p≈

{]Xo£ AXnXo{hambncp∂p.

c£Is\ Ipdn®v aebmf Ihn H

F≥ hn Ipdp∏v c£I≥ F∂

Xs‚ IhnXbn¬ BKX\mIp∂

c£Is‚ BImc h¿Æ\Isf

]‰n {]Xo£m]q¿Δw Bcmbp∂p

≠v. c£It‚Xv tKmXºns‚

h¿Æap≈ tZlamtWm Imbmºq

\ndamtWm Fs∂ms° H F≥ hn

tNmZn°p∂p≠v. HSphn¬ At±l

Øns‚ \nKa\w c£I≥

P\ßfn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ Hcmfmbn

cn°pw F∂mWv. IΩyqWnkv‰v

XXzimkv{XØn¬ hnizkn°p∂

H F≥ hn ]d™Xv. hcp∂bmƒ

P\ßfn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcmfmbncn

°pw F∂mWv. aXhnizmkn

b√mØ IhnbpsS c£Is\

Ipdn®p≈ {]Xo£bpw ssZh

t{]jnX\mb Hcp c£Is‚

BhiyIXbnte°mWv hnc¬

Nq≠p∂Xv.

lZvdØv AlvaZ v (A)

\ntbmKnX\mhptºmƒ s]mXpth

temIØns‚ kvYnXn BXvaob

amb F√m ssNX\yhpw \in®v

ssZhhnizmkw t]mepw km¿Δ

{XnIambn tNmZyw sNøs∏Sp∂

HchkvYbnembncp∂p. imkv{X

kmt¶XnI ]ptcmKXn°pw

ùXnI XØzimkv{XßfpsS

apt∂‰ßƒ°pw apºn¬

AXnPo¿Æhpw A‘hnizmk

PUnehpamb aXhnizmkßƒ

°v ]nSn®p \n¬°m\mhn√ F∂Xv

hyIvXw. AXn\v H∂maXmbn

{]Xn°qń¬ \n¿Øs∏tS≠Xv

aXßsf Xs∂bmWv. A¥kmc

iq\yambncp∂p AhcpsS

aXk¶¬∏ßƒ. AtXmsSm∏w

euInI BkIvXnbn¬ A`ncan

°p∂ aXt\XrXzhpamWv aX

sØ `cn®ncp∂Xv.

ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw

XΩnep≈ BXvaob _‘w Xosc

A‰pt]mbncp∂p. Cu _‘sØ

]p\kvYm]n°pIbpw AXns\

kwkv°cn°pIbpw ⁄m\]c

ambn Ahsc Db¿ØpIbpw

sNøpI F∂XmWv Hcp ssZh

\ntbmKnXs‚ e£yw. CXn\¿

∞w ùXnI hn⁄m\ßfpsS

h¿≤\b√. A√mlphns\

kw_‘n®v Adnhpw Ah≥

Acpfp∂ hn⁄m\m\p`qXnIfpw

e`yamIpw hn[w a\pjys\

kwkv°cn°pI F∂XmWv.

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:

A√mlp kXyhnizmknIfn¬

Ahcn¬ \n∂v Xs∂bp≈ Hcp

ZqXs\ \ntbmKn°pI hgn

Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿°v HuZmcyw

sNbvXncn°p∂p. At±lw

Ah¿°v Ahs‚ ZrjvSm¥ßƒ

hnhcn®psImSp°pIbpw Ahsc

kwkv°cn°pIbpw Ah¿°v

XØz⁄m\w ]Tn∏n°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. CXn\p apºmIs´

Ah¿ {]Xy£amb Zp¿am¿§Øn

embncp∂p. (3 : 165) lZvdØv

AlvaZv (A)s‚ ssZh⁄m\]c

amb Adnhv Cu ImeL´Øns‚

AXv`pXamWv. AhnSpsØ

PohnXØnse BXvaob {]`mh

hpw At±lw FgpXnb ⁄m\

\n¿`camb {KŸßfpw AXn\v

km£nbmWv. At±lØns‚

{]IrjvS IrXnbmb Ckvemw aX

XXz⁄m\w F∂ Hcp {KŸw

Xs∂ hmbn®m¬ B¿°pw AXv

t_m≤yamhpw.

AenKUv apkvenw k¿Δ

IemimebpsS kvYm]I\pw

{]Kev` ]finX\pambncp∂p k¿

kønZv AlvaZv Jm≥. {_nójv

`cWw At±lØn\v kv‰m¿ Hm^v

C¥y F∂ ]Zhn \¬In

BZcn°pIbp≠mbn. k¿ kønZv

hnizmk]cambn Hcp {]IrXn

hmZnbmbncp∂p F¶nepw

XnI™ Hcp kapZmbm`nam\nbpw

]cnjv°cW hmZnbpambncp∂p.

At±lw dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k)

bpsS hnip≤m≤ym]\ßƒ°v

hncp≤amb Nne kn≤m¥ßfpw

A`n{]mbßfpw Bhnjv°cn°p

Ibpw {]Ncn∏n°pIbpap≠mbn.

Ckvemw aXw kzX{¥ Nn¥sb

C√mbva sNøp∂psh∂pw ZpB

tIhew A[c hymbmaw

am{XamsW∂pw AXv bmsXmcp

êhpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂n√

F∂pw At±lw hmZn®p.

shfn]mSpIfpw {]hN\ßfpw

anYybmsW∂pw At±lw

]d™p. ssZhnI⁄m\Øns‚

G‰hpw B[nImcnIamb sXfnhv

A√mlphn¬\n∂pw Ahs‚

{]nb Zmk\v e`n°p∂ shfn]mSp

Ifpw BXvaob km¥z\ßfp

amsW∂v hnizkn°pIbpw

AXns‚ kzoI¿Ømhpambncp

∂p hmKvZØ akolv(A).

AhnSp∂v k¿ kønZns‚ Cu

hmZsØ Jfin°pIbpw

At±lØn\v kabhpw kuIcy

hpaps≠¶n¬ Xs‚ khn[Øn

¬ h∂p AXn\v t\cn´v km£n

bmhm≥ Blzm\w sNøpIbpw

BXvaob ]co£WØn\v

sh√phnfn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

hmkvXhØn¬ Hcp ]nSn a¨


I´sb s]m≥I´bm°p∂ cmk

{]{InbbmWv ZpB. k¿ kønZn

s\ A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXp

sIm≠v hmKvZØ akolv (A)

Hcp ]m¿kn°hnXbn¬ FgpXn:

‘{]m¿∞\°v h√ êhp

aps≠¶n¬ AsXhnsS F∂v

tNmZn°p∂ tl a\pjym,

Xv[SpXnbn¬ Fs‚ ASptØ°v

hcnI Rm≥ D®kqcys\t∏mse

{]m¿∞\bpsS êw ImWn®p

Xcmw `{Zw! ssZhØns‚ iIvXn

clkyßsf \ntj[n°√m.

hm°pIƒ aXnbm°q. kzoIrX

ambn Xo¿∂ Fs‚ {]m¿∞\bp

sS ]pe¿® t\m°n∏m¿°q.’

]n∂oSv lZvdØv AlvaZv

(A) \v FXncmbn Hc£cw k¿

kønZv DcnbmSnbnń√. am{Xa√

lZvdØv AlvaZn(A)s\ hna¿in

°p∂h¿ _p≤nsI´hcmsW∂v

At±lw ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp.

]n∂oSv hmKvZØv akolv (A)

At±lsØ Hcp an{Xambn´mWv

IcpXnbXv . {]m¿∞\bpsS

kzoImcyX°v km£yambn

FÆa‰ ZrjvSm¥ßƒ B

almXvamhns‚ PohnXØn¬

Z¿in°mhp∂XmWv. BImiØn

se N{μ°e t]mse Ah

{]ISamWv. AhnSpsØ PohnXw

Xs∂ ZpB kzoImcyXbpsS Hcp

AXv`pX ZrjvSm¥ambncp∂p.

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)\v

ImeØns‚ \nKqVsN∏nse

`hnjy¬ kw`hßfpsS {]hN\

kn≤n A√mlp \¬In.

A°meØv {]Xm]Øns‚

D®kvYmbnbn¬ ]cnekn®ncp∂

djybnse apSnNqSm a∂\mbncp

∂ km¿ N{Ih¿ØnbpsS

ZmcpWamb A¥ysØ°pdn®p

≈ lZvdØv AlvaZns‚(A)

{]hN\w AXn\pZmlcWam

Wv. B `bw \nanØw B

thfbn¬ Pn∂pw C≥kpw

D∂X∑mcpw Ffnbhcpsa√mw˛

InSnew sIm≈p∂Xmbncn°pw.

km¿ N{Ih¿Ønbmbmse¥v

At±lhpw B kabØv

AXy¥w ZmcpW \nebnembncn

°pw. djybnse IΩyqWnkv‰v

hnπhhpw km¿ N{Ih¿Ønbp

sS A¥yhpw AØcØnep≈

Xmbncp∂p. AXpt]mse Xp¿°o

hnπhw, Cdm≥ hnπhw, sImdnb≥

hnπhw, _wKmƒ hn`P\w,

{_nójv km{amPy XI¿®

apXemb temI kw`hßsf

kw_‘n® {]hN\ßƒ AXv`p

XIcamb coXnbn¬ ]pecpIbp

≠mbn. AXpt]mse dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k)tbbpw Ckveman

t\bpw AXn\nμyambn hna¿in®n

cp∂ teJvdmw F∂ Xs‚

{]XntbmKnbpsS A¥ysØ

Ipdn®p≈ {]hN\w Hcp

ZnhymXv`pXambn C∂pw Ahti

jn°p∂p.

Ckvemw aXØns‚ bpIvXn

`{Zamb A≤ym]\ßfpsS

ss[jWnI Kcna hmKvZØ

akolv(A) A\ntj[yamw hn[w

kvYm]n°pIbp≠mbn. C…man

s\ \ninXambn hna¿in®ncp∂

{InkvXpaXØns\Xnscbpw Bcy

kamPØns\Xnscbpw ùXnI

hmZØns∂Xnscbpw lZvdØv

AlvaZv(A) \SØnb Bib

kwhmZßfpw hniZoIcWßfpw

Ckvemans‚ ss[jWnI

ta[miIvXnbpsS sshPb¥n

IfmWv. Ckvemw aXØns‚

A{]amZnXzw kIe aXßfpsS

bpw {]Xybimkv{XßfptSbpw

ta¬ lZvdØv AlvaZ v (A)

kvYm]n°pIbpw \ndw aßn°n

S∂ Ckvemw F∂ ZnhytPymXn

sb D÷ze {]`tbmsS Pzen∏n°p

Ibpw ⁄m\{]]©amsI {]`m

]qcnXam°pIbpw sNbvXp.

Xs‚ BXvaob Kpcphmb

lZvdØv aplΩZv \_n (k) sb

A\pKan°p∂Xnepw A]Zm\

ßƒ hmgvØp∂Xnepw BaKv\m

bncp∂p lZvdØv AlvaZv (A).

Xs‚ PohnX k¿Δkzhpw dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k)°v AhnSp∂v

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t]Pv 10 ¬ \n∂v XpS¿®

www.alislam.org


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auenImhImißfn¬s]´ aX

kzmX{¥yØn∂p≈ AhImi

hpw AXns\ hniZoIcn®p

sIm≠p≈ 25 apX¬ 28 hscbp

≈ hIp∏pIfpw \¬Ip∂ Dd∏v

sk°pecnkw hmKvZm\w sNøp

∂ Dd∏v Xs∂bmbncp∂p.

sk°pecnktØmSv `mcXob

kaqlØns‚ D¬°Samb

A`nhm© AhnSw sIm≠pw

Ahkm\n®n√. 1976 ¬ 42˛maXv

`cW LS\m t`ZKXnbneqsS

sk°pecnkw F∂ ]Zw C¥ym

dn∏ªn°ns‚ hntijWambn

sIm≠v C{]Imcw `cWLS\

bpsS BapJØn¬ FgpXn

tN¿°pIbp≠mbn. ‘C¥ybnse

P\ßfmb Rßƒ, C¥ybnse

Hcp ]cam[nImc tkmjyenkv‰v

sk°pe¿ Utam{Im‰n°v

dn∏ªn°mbn kwLSn°p∂Xn

∂pw....’

sk°pecnkØns‚ A¿∞

I¬∏\bpw aXßfpsS

hnapJXbpw

apkvenw `qcn]£ cmPy

ßfpsSbpw aX\yq\]£ambn

a‰p cmPyßfn¬ Ignbp∂

apkvenwIfpsSbpw t£aØn∂pw

kpc£°pw sk°pecnkw

A\nhmcyamsW¶nepw Hcp `cW

coXn F∂ \ne°v sk°pecnkw

lrZbmXva\m AwKoIcn°m≥

apkvenw kaqlw aSn®p

\n¬°p∂p. CXn∂v ImcWw B

]ZØn∂p≠mb aXhncp≤amb

Hcp {]XnOmbbmWv. kmaqlnI

cmjv{Sob hn⁄m\obØnse

CØcw ]ZmhenIfpsS A¿∞w

Ncn{Xw amdnadnbp∂Xn\\pkcn®v

]cnWma hnt[bamWv. tkmjy

enkw, P\m[n]Xyw F∂o

kw⁄Iƒ t]mse AXv

hyJym\n°p∂hcpsS at\mhnem

ka\pkcnt®m {]Xyb imkv{X

{]X n_≤X°\pIqeamtbm

amdmhp∂XmWv . CØcw ]Zßƒ

]Z\njv]ØnbpsS ASnkvYm\

Øne√ A¿∞I¬∏\ \SØp∂

Xv. kaqlØns‚ t£aIcamb

\ne\n¬∏n∂p≈ BhiysØ

ap≥\n¿Øn ]pXnb D≈S°w

\¬In sk°pecnkw F∂

k¶¬∏Øns‚ A¿∞w ]pjvSn

s∏SptØ≠Xp≠v. sk°pecnk

sØ ]p\¿ hymJym\n°m\pw

AXns‚ kaImeo\ {]k‡n

a\ nem°m\pw apkvenw kaqlw

Xømdmbn´n√. AXmWv Cu

AI¬®°v ImcWw. aXbmYm

ÿnXnIXzhpw Ckvemw aX

cmjv{S hmZsØ Ipdn®p≈

Ckvemapw sk°pe¿

sUtam{Iknbpwsk°pe¿ k¶¬∏ßfpw Ckvemapambp≈ _‘w ka{Kambn

hniIe\w sNøp∂ teJ\ ]cºc

F.Fw. aplΩZv keow

teJ\w


{]NmcWhpw kmaqly imkv{X

ßsf kw_‘n® sX‰n≤mcW

Ifpw ]utcmlnXyØns‚

Zp zm[o\ßfpw apkvenw kaql

sØ AXv Dƒs°m≈phm≥

A\phZn°p∂n√ F∂XmWv

bmYm¿∞yw. Ckvemw aX cmjv{S

hmZØns‚ D]⁄mXmhmb

auem\m auZqZnsb t]msebp≈

]finX∑m¿ sk°pecnksØ

Ckvemw hncp≤amb H∂m°nbn

´p≈ Nn{XoIcWhpw Cu

AI¬®°v ImcWambn´p≠v. B

hnjbw ]n∂oSv hniZoIcn°mw.

sk°pecnksØ kw_

‘n®v ]dbptºmƒ B ]ZØns‚

aebmf hnh¿Ø\Ønepw Nne

{]iv\ßfp≠v. Secularism F∂

Cw•ojv ]Zw BZyambn

D]tbmKn®Xv 1851 ¬ {_nójv

kzX{¥ Nn¥I\mb tPm¿Pv

tP°_v tlmfntbm°v (GeorgeJacob Holyoake) BWv. secularF∂ ]ZØns‚ hntijWamWv

sk°pednkw. em‰n\nse

Saecularis F∂ ]ZØn¬ \n∂pw

\njv]∂ambXmWv Cu ]Zw.

AXn\¿∞w Worldly (euInIw)

Temporal (ùXnIw) Fs∂ms°

bmWv. sk°pecnkØn∂v

atXXcXzw, aX\nct]£X

F∂nßs\bmWv aebmfØn¬

A¿∞w \¬Inbncn°p∂Xv .

]t£ Cu A¿∞ I¬∏\ Hcp

kmaqlnI Z¿i\w F∂

\nebn¬ sk°pecnkw hn`mh\

sNøp∂ BZ¿iw km£mXv°cn

°m\pw cmjv {S\n¿anXnbn¬

aXhnizmknIsf lrZbmXva\m

]s¶Sp∏n°m\pw XS w \n¬°p

∂ H∂mWv F∂v ]dtb≠nbncn

°p∂p. NpcpßnbXv C¥y≥

`cW LS\bn¬ AXv FgpXn

tN¿ØhcpsS hn`mh\°v

t]mepw Cu A¿∞ I¬∏\

tNcp∂X√. sk°pecnkw

sIm≠v GsXm∂mWv Dt±in®Xv

B e£yw {]m]n°phm≥ Cu

A¿∞ k¶¬∏Øn\v km[n°p

∂pt≠m F∂XmWv {it≤bamb

{]iv\w. skIpecnkØn\v

atXXcXzw F∂ aebmf

A¿∞w \¬Inbmepw AXv

hn`mh\ sNøp∂ k¶¬∏Øn¬

AXns‚ Dt±iyip≤nsb am\n®v

\mw k¿ΔmXvam\m klIcn°pI

Xs∂ thWw.

hy‡n PohnXØnepw

kmaqly PohnXØnepw aXØn

\v \n¿ÆmbI kzm[o\ap≈ aX

hnizmknIfmWv \ΩpsS cmPy

sØ _lp`pcn]£w P\ßfpw.

Aßns\ hcptºmƒ sk°pecn

kØn∂v atXXcXzw, aX\nc

t]£X, aXhncp≤w, aXan√mØ

Xv F∂nßs\ aXØns∂Xncmb

[z\nIfp≈ A¿∞w I¬∏n®p

sImSp°pIbpw aXkaqlß

tfmSv kaql-˛cmjv{S \n¿amW

{]{Inbbn¬ ]s¶Sp°Wsa∂v

]dbpIbpw sNøp∂Xv F{X

tØmfw ê{]Yamhpw? A[nIm

c i‡nbp≈ `cWIqSw AYhm

Kh¨sa‚v aX]£]mXnXzßfn

√mØhn[w aX\n¿ap‡amhW

sa∂Xv am\h \oXnbpsS

Xm¬]cyamsW∂ ImcyØn¬

kwiban√. ]t£ Ipsd IqSn

hnimem¿∞Øn¬ Hcp cmjv{Sob

kmaqlnI Z¿i\w F∂ \ne°v

sk°pecnkw AhXcn∏n°p

tºmƒ Cu A¿∞ k¶¬∏Øn

¬ Nne ]cnanXnIfpw kwibß

fpw h∂p tNcp∂p.

Cu {]iv\w as‰mcpZmlc

WØneqsS hy‡am°mw.

sk°pecnkØn\v aebmfØn¬

atXXcw, aX\nct]£X F∂n

ßs\bmWt√m hnh¿Ø\w.

F¶n¬ lnμnbn¬ aXØn∂v

[¿Ωw F∂ hnimeamb

A¿∞amWv \¬Inbncn°p∂Xv.

At∏mƒ sk°pecnkØns‚

lnμn hnh¿Ø\w [¿tΩXcw,

[¿Ω\nct]£w Fs∂ms°

bmbn amdpw. IdIf™ sk°pe

cnkv‰pw alm\mb P\m[n]Xy

hmZnbpamb ]fin‰v Phl¿em¬

s\lvdp C¥y≥ `mjIfnep≈

Cu ]ZØns‚ hnh¿Ø\Øn\p

≈ ]cnanXnsb ]‰n ]d™Xv

t\m°q. ‘C¥ybn¬ \Ωƒ

sk°pe¿ `cWIqSsØ ]‰n

kwkmcn°mdp≠v. lnμnbn¬

(a‰p C¥y≥ `mjIfnepw)

sk°pe¿ F∂ hm°n∂v ]‰nb

Hcp hm°p Xs∂ I≠p]nSn°m

≥ {]bmkw. aXØn∂v FXncmb

Ft¥m H∂mWv AXv F∂

hnNmcn°p∂p. AXv H´pw icnb

√. F√m hnizmkßsfbpw Hcp

t]mse AwKoIcn°p∂ `cW

IqSw F∂mWv AXn∂¿∞w. Hcp

`cWIqSw F∂ \ne°v

GsX¶nepw Hcp aXtØtbm

AXv kz¥ambn AwKoIcn°p∂n

√. Aßns\ sNbvXm¬ AXv

`cWIqSØns‚ aXambn Xocpw’([¿Ω \nct]£v cmPv F∂ cLp

\mYv knwßns‚ ]pkvXI

Øns∂gpXnb AhXmcnIbn¬

\n∂v.)

sk°pecnksa∂m¬

tIhe \oXn

Ad_nbn¬ sk°pecnk

Øn\v ‘aXhn`n∂amb H∂v ’ ,‘aXhncp≤ambXv ’ F∂ Hcp

A¿∞ I¬]\bn√. ‘Bew ’(temIw) F∂ ]ZØn¬ \n∂pw

\njv]∂amb ‘A¬am\nø: ’F∂pw ‘C¬av ’ (hn⁄m\w,

imkv{Xw) F∂ ]ZØn¬\n∂pw

\njv]∂amb ‘C¬am\nø: ’

]fin‰v Phl¿em¬ s\lvdp


F∂pw sk°pecnkØn\v

]Icamb Ad_n ]Zambn

D]tbmKn°p∂p. Nne¿ Zo\n

(aXw)s‚ FXn¿ hm°mb ‘Zp≥ø

hnø’ (CltemI kw_‘nbmb

Xv) F∂ ]Zw D]tbmKn°p∂p.

AlvaZnøm Jeo^ lZvdØv

an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv(dlv)

sk°pecnkØn∂v ‘tIhe

\oXn’ (Absolute Justice) F∂

A¿∞amWv D]tbmKn®Xv .

sk°pecnkØn∂v am\hob

ss\XnIXbneq∂nb Hcmib

hnh¿Ø\amWnXv . AXmbXv

GXv aXØn¬ hnizkn®mepw

aXØn¬ hnizkn®ns√¶nepw

a\pjy\mbn ]nd∂hs\√mw

\oXn t_m[ap≠v. AXv a\pjy

s‚ BXvamhn¬ ssZhw \nt£]n

® Hcp BXvaob KpWamWv.

aX]cambpw kmwkvImcnIhp

amb F√m sshhn[yßsfbpw

sshcp≤yßsfbpw Dƒs°m≈m

≥ Cu A¿∞ hnh£°v

km≤yamhp∂p. lZvdØv an¿km

Xzmln¿ AlvaZv (d) FgpXp∂p:

CkvemanIm≤ym]\ßfn¬

\n∂v Rm≥ a\ nem°nbXv

{]Imcw F√m cmjv{Sßfpw

tIhe \oXnbpsS XXzßfmbn

cn°Ww ]ment°≠Xv F∂mWv.

Cu hn[Øn¬ F√m cmjv{Sß

fpw apkvenw cmjv {Sßfmbn

Xocp∂p.

Cu hmZapJßfpsS shfn

®Øn¬ hnizmkImcyßfn¬

bmsXmcp \n¿_‘hpw ]mSn√

F∂ km¿Δ{XnIamb Ckveman

I k¶¬∏Øns‚ ASnkvYm\

Øn¬ aXw Hcp cmjv{SØnse

cmjv{Sob Imcyßƒ°mbp≈

\nba \n¿amWØn¬ Hcp {]apJ

kvYm\nbmhp∂n√.

Fs‚ ]T\Øn¬ F\n

°pw AkμnKvZambn a\ nem

°m≥ Ign™Xv hnip≤ Jp¿B

≥ `cW IqSßfpsS (Kh¨

sa‚ v) hnjbw ssIImcyw

sNøptºmƒ apkvenw cmjv{Sw,

Aapkvenw cmjv {Sw F∂o

th¿Xncnh v I¬∏n°p∂n√

F∂mWv. Hcp cmjv{Sw Fßs\

\SØns°m≠v t]mIWw F∂

I¬∏\Iƒ a\pjy kaqlØn\v

s]mXpthbp≈XmWv. AXvsIm

≠v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ {]mYanIam

bn C°mcyw apkvenw hnizmkn

IsfbmWv A`nkwt_m[\

sNbvXXv F∂v am{Xw. hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ ]d™ cmjv{S X{¥w

lnμp°ƒ , kn°pIm¿, _u≤¿,

I¨^yqjykv, {InkvXym\nIƒ,

PqX∑m¿, apkvenwIƒ apXembh

¿s°√mw Hcp t]mse _m[I

amWv. (Ckvemapw kaIeo\

{]iv\ßfpw˛ lZvdØv an¿km

Xzmln¿ AlaZv t]˛306)

kmaqly cmjv{Sob XØz

Nn¥I∑mcpw cmjv{Sob {]h¿

ØIcpw sk°pecnkØn\v

atXXcXzw F∂Xn\v ]Icw

‘tIhe \oXn’ F∂ A¿∞w

\¬Inbm¬ sk°pecnkØn∂v

C¥ybnep≈Xvt]mse aXm`n

apJyap≈ kaqlØn\v sk°p

ecnkw kzoImcyamb Hcp

cmjv{Sob kn≤m¥ambn amdpw.

apkvenwßsf kw_‘n®nStØm

fw Hcp Jp¿B\nI XXzw CXv

aptJ\ hym]Iambn km£m

Xv°cn°m\pw km[yamIpw.

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:

‘\oXn ]pe¿Øm≥ \nßtfmSv

I¬∏n°s]´ncn°p∂p’ (hn. Jp¿

B≥. 16:91)

t]∏knbpw

sk°pecnkhpw

sk°pecnkØn\v aXtem

Iw I¬∏n°p∂ AbnØØn∂v

Ncn{X ]camb Hcp ImcWap≠.v

sk°pecnkw {]Xn\n[m\w

sNøp∂ Bibw ]pcmX\ Imew

apX¬ Xs∂ \nehnep≠mbn

cps∂¶nepw B[p\nI ImeØv

B ]Zw bqtdm∏n¬ \n∂mWv

h∂Xv. a≤yIme bqtdm∏n¬

sk°pecnkw t\SnbsX√mw

aXhpambn \nc¥cw a√Sn®p

sIm≠mWv. {InkvXy≥ Xntbm{I

kn F√mkzX{¥ Nn¥tbbpw

imkv{X t_m[sØbpw ASn®

a¿Øp∂ coXnbn¬ bqtdm∏n¬

a\pjy kzmX{¥yØns∂Xncmbn

\n∂t∏mƒ AXn¬ \n∂p≈

hntamNI\mbmWv sk°pecn

kw IS∂ph∂Xv. AXvsIm≠mWv

sk°pecnkw aXØns\XncmWv

F∂ hym]Iamb {]NmcW

ap≠mbXv.

‘kokdn∂p≈Xv kokdn

∂pw ssZhØn∂p≈Xv ssZh

Øn∂pw’ (am¿t°mkv12:17) F∂v

sk°pecnkØn∂v A\ptbmPy

hpw D÷zehpamb hN\w Dcphn

´Xv alm\mb tbiphmbncp∂p.

At±lØns‚ A\pbmbnIƒ

a≤y\q‰m≠pIfn¬ ssZhØns‚

t]cn¬ kokdns‚ ÿm\w IqSn

ssIbS°ns°m≠mWv a\pjy

kzmX{¥ysØ Bthmfw

l\n®Xv. {InkvXp aXw tdman¬

{]Ncn∏n®Xv {InkvXp injy\mb

]t{Xmkpw {InkvXphns\ ]n∂oSv

hnizkn® ]utemkpw Bbncp

∂p. ‘s]m∂pw sh≈nbpsa\n°n

√’ (At∏mkvXe {]h: 3:6) F∂v

]d™ ]t{Xmkv ÿm]n® k`

]n∂oS v tdman¬ t]∏¬

kvt‰‰pIƒ ÿm]n®v henb

cmjv{Sob A[nImcØns‚bpw

kzØp°fpsSbpw A[n]cmIpI

bpw A°mesØ apgph≥

cmjv{Sob kwhn[m\ßƒ°pw

taepw tNmZyw sNøm≥ Ignbm

lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv (d)


Ø A[rjy ÿm]\ambn

amdpIbpambncp∂p.

sk°pecnkhpw

ss{IkvXh k`bpw

sk°pecnkØns‚ P\\

]›mØew hnhcn°ptºmƒ

bqtdm∏nse ss{IkvXh aX

`cW Ncn{Xw A¬∏w hnhcn

t°≠nbncn°p∂p. ]pcmX\

tdmam km{amPyw; tdmw Bÿm\

ambn bqtdm∏pw hS°\m{^n°

bpw a≤y ]uckvXy tZihpw

Dƒs∏´ Ncn{XØnse G‰hpw

hnimeamb km{amPyßfnsem

∂mbncp∂p. B tdma≥ N{Ih¿

ØnamcpsS Iogn¬ AXoh

]oVnXmhÿbn¬ Bcw`n®

BZna {InkvXp k` tIm¨kv‰

‚bn≥ N{Ih¿ØnbpsS anem≥

hnfw_ctØmsS kzX{¥ambn.

]n∂oSv {InkvXp aXw tdmans‚

HutZymKnI aXambn amdpIbpw

sNbvXp. tIm¨kv‰‚bns‚

ImeØp≠mb as‰mcp kw`h

hnImkw Ing°≥ tdmam

km{amPyØn∂v (ss_km‚nbw)

XpS°w Ipdn®p F∂XmWv.

hnimeamb tdmam km{amPy

Øns‚ Xeÿm\w tdman¬

\n∂pw tIm¨kv‰‚bn≥ C∂

sØ Xp¿°nbnse tIm¨kv‰m‚n

t\m∏nƒte°v (CkvXmw_qƒ)

am‰n. A∂v tdmam km{amPyØn¬

{][m\s∏´ A©v ]m{Xnbm¿t°

‰pIƒ (Partriarchate) D≠mbncp

∂p. tdmam, AeIvkm¨{Unb,

A¥ntbmJym, tIm¨kv‰m‚n

t\m∏nƒ, sPdpsktew F∂nh

bmbncp∂p Ah. Cu A©p

]m{Xnbm¿t°‰pIfpsS(Pentarchy)ÿm\hpw Xpeyambncp∂p.

AXns‚ A[n]∑msc√mhcpw

]m{Xnbm°okv F∂mbncp∂p

Adnbs]ńcp∂Xv. ]n∂oSmWv

tdma≥ k` i‡amhpIbpw a‰p

]m{Xnbm¿t°‰pIƒ Ncn{XØn¬

A{]k‡amhpIbpw sNbvXXv.

‘t]m∏v ’ F∂ A`n[m\tØmsS

tdma≥ k`bpsS A[n]\pw

tdma≥ k`bpw am{Xw ]n∂oSv

tdmam km{amPyØns‚ k`bm

bn AwKoIcn°s∏´p. AXn\v

cmjv {Sob ImcWßfp≠m

bncp∂p. ]pcmX\ tdmam

km{amPyØns‚ Xeÿm\w

tIm¨kv‰m‚ nt\m∏nfnte°v

am‰nbt∏mƒ ]›na tdmam

km{amPyw cmjv {Sobambn

A \ m Y a m h p I b m b n c p ∂ p .

]n∂oS v t]∏¬ kvt‰‰ns‚

cq]nIcWtØmsS cmjv{Sob

A[nImchpw tdma≥ k`

ssItø‰p. AXnte°v \bn®

hkvXpXIƒ dh: tUm. tkhy¿

IqS∏pg Xncpk`m Ncn{Xw

F∂ {KŸØn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xv

ImWpI.

‘t]∏¬ kvt‰‰ns‚ cq]o

IcWØn∂v hgnsXfnbn®

kw`hßƒ ]eXmWv. AXn¬

apJyambXv _mlykΩ¿±hpw

AtX XpS¿∂p≠mb kpc£nX

XzØns‚ BhiyIXbpamWv.

semw_m¿UpIƒ (Lombards)F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ P¿Ω≥ hwiP

cmb Hcp h¿§w F.Un 568 ¬

C‰enbpsS hS°v `mKØv \n∂v

B{IaWw Bcw`n®p. C‰en°m

Iam\w CsXmcp òjWnbmbn

Øo¿∂p. C‰enbpsS sFIysØ

bpw kpc£nXXztØbpw CXv

kmcambn _m[n®p. A∂v C‰en

ss_k‚bn≥ (Ing°≥ tdmam)

km{amPyØnembncp∂p. ]t£

semw_m¿UpIsf XSbm≥

N{Ih¿Øn°v Ign™n√.

C°mcyØn¬ N{Ih¿Øn Xosc

{i≤ sNepØnbn√. ImcWw

aplΩZobcpsS IqsS°qsSbp≈

B{IaWØns∂Xnsc bp≈

{]Xntcm[ \o°ßfnembncp∂p

At±lw {i≤bq∂nbncp∂Xv.

ss_k‚nb≥ N{Ih¿Ønbn¬

\n∂v kpc£nXXzw e`n°bn

s√∂v a\ nem°nb P\ßƒ

C‰enbnse A∂sØ {]_e

i‡nbmb am¿∏m∏bpsS t\Xr

Xzw C‰enbn¬ AwKoIcn°s∏´p.

alm\mb {KnKdn H∂ma≥

am¿∏m∏ (590˛604) semw_m¿Up

Ifpambn Hcp kJyØnte¿s∏Sp

Ibpw B{IaWw `mKnIambn

XSbpIbpw sNbvXp, Cu

kw`htØmsS am¿∏m∏bpsS

i‡n C‰enbn¬ {]_es∏SpI

bpw cmjv {Sob cwKØp≈

At±lØns‚ t\XrXzw AwKo

Icn°pIbpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v

am¿∏m∏ N{Ih¿ØnbpsS C‰en

bnte°p≈ A\utZymKnI

{]Xn\n[nsb∂hÆw {]h¿Øn

®ph∂p’tIm¨kv‰‚bn≥ N{Ih¿

ØnbpsS Hcp imk\w hgn

ss{IkvXh ]≈nIƒ°v `pkz

ØpSamhImihpw aPnkvt{S‰v

A[nImchpw \¬Inbncp∂p.

tdmam \KcØn∂v sX°pw

hS°pap≈ kap{Z Xoc{]tZi

ßƒ tdma≥ k`bpsS Iognembn.

]t{Xmkv At∏mkvXes‚

ss]XrI kzØv (Patrimony of(Saint) Peter) F∂mWv CXv

Adnbs∏ńcp∂Xv . Ipan™p

IqSnb `qkzØns‚ `cWaS°

ap≈ ]cam[nImchpw tdma≥

k`°v kn≤n®p. Cßns\bmWv

t]m∏n\ v ]cam[nImcap≈

k`bpsS t]∏¬ kvt‰‰pIƒ

cq]wsIm≠Xv. ]pcmX\ tdmam

km{amPyw \miK¿ØØn¬

]Xn®ncp∂t∏mƒ B km{amPy

jm¿esabn≥ (F.Un. 742˛814)

tijw t]Pv 30 ¬


D∂XhnZym`ymkØn\mbn

dmw]qcnte°v

lZvdØv \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

emtlmdn¬ ]T\w XpSßnb

hnhcw CXn\p apºp hnhcn®p

ht√m. AhnsS ]T\w GXm\pw

Znhkßƒ XpS¿∂tXbp≈q

kl]mTnIfnsemcmfpsS {]tNmZ

\Øm¬ aq∂pt]¿ D]cn]T\m¿

∞w dmw]q¿ t]mIm≥ Xocpam\n

®p. B ImeØp ùXnIhpw

aX]chpw `mjm]chpamb

AdnhpIƒ \¬Ip∂ ZdkpIfp

sS tI{μambncp∂p dmw]q¿.

CØcØn¬ ]e AdnhpIfpw

Icÿam°n´p≈ D∂Xcmb

[mcmfw ]WvUnXcpw Benaoß

fpw AhnsS D≠mbncp∂p. \√

tdmUpItfm IrXramb hgnItfm

a‰p kuIcyßtfm H∂pw

C√mØ B ]gb ImeØv

]Øp\m\qdn¬ ]cw ssa¬

AIse tI´ptIƒhn am{Xap≈

ÿetØ°p≈ bm{X Adnhp

t\Sm\p≈ At±lØns‚

ASßmØ XrjvWbpw hmRvO

bpamWp ImWn°p∂sX∂p

B¿°pw a\ nemIpw. A\phmZ

Øn∂mbn hnhcw ]nXmhns\

Adnbn®t∏mƒ A\phmZw

\¬Ins°m≠v \∂mbn ]Tn°m≥

D]tZin°pIbpw Rßfnemsc¶n

epw acn®mepw Pohn®mepw AXp

{i≤nt°≠Xns√∂pw X¬°mew

Cu Imcyw amXmhns\ Adnbn

°cpsX∂pw \n¿t±in°pIbp

≠mbn. C{X Zqsc ]T\Øn\mbn

t]mIp∂Xv amXmhv Hcp]t£,

kΩXns®∂p hcn√. AXpsIm

≠mWp ]nXmhv Aßs\ ]d™

Xv. lZvdØv \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

]dbpIbmWv Rm≥ t\csØ

]d™Xp t]mse Fs‚ ]nXmhv

(A√mlp At±lØn\p ta¬

AXnbmb ImcpWyw h¿jn°p

amdmIs´) Xs‚ a°fpsS

hnZym`ymkØn\mbn [mcmfw

]Ww sNehgn®ncp∂p. F√m

kuIcyßfpw sNbvXp X∂ncp

∂p.

bm{X°p≈ Hcp°ßƒ

sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂Xn\nSbn¬

hfsc BZcWob\mb Hcp

`‡≥ Hcn°¬ F\n°p

\¬Inb D]tZiw Rm≥ Hm¿Øp.

At±lw ]d™p, \o Hcp ]pXnb

ÿeØp sN∂m¬ B ]´WØn

se t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥,

{]ikvX\mb tUmIvS¿,

t{ijvT\mb Hcp alm]pcpj≥,

B \mńse P\kΩX\mb Hcp

t\Xmhv F∂nhcpambn H´pw

sshImsX kplrZ v _‘w

D≠m°Ww. Aßs\ km[n°p

Ibn√ F∂p IcpXp∂ ]£w \o

AhnsS t]mIcpXv.

bm{XbpsS Imcrßƒ

hnhcn®p sIm≠v lZvdØv

\qdp±o≥ kmln_v ]dbpIbmWv.

emtlmdn¬ \n∂v dmw]qcnte°p

≈ bm{X Gsd°psd Im¬\S

bmbncp∂p. Rßƒ aq∂p t]cm

bncp∂p kwLØnep≠mbncp∂

Xv . Hcmƒ auehn aplΩZv

apkvX^m as‰mcmƒ auehn

AemD±o≥ ]ns∂ Rm\pw. dkq¬

Xncpta\n (k) bpsS kp∂Ø\p

kcn®p Hcmsf bm{Xbn¬

Rßƒ Aaodm°n. F{Xtbm

ZnhksØ IjvS∏mSpw ZpcnXhpw

\nd™ bm{Xs°mSphn¬ Rß

ƒ aq∂p t]cpw dmw]q¿ FØn.

dmw]q¿ Rßsf kw_‘n®nS

tØmfw ]pXnb \mSmWv. ]cnNb

°m¿ AhnsS Bcpan√. AhnsS

]´WØn¬ \n∂pw A¬]w

AIse Hgn™p InS∂ Hcp

]≈n Rßƒ Is≠Øn. Aß

s\ Xmakw AhnsS Bcw`n®p.

]≈nbn¬ Rßsf ÿncambn

I≠XpsIm≠mbncn°mw sXm´Sp

Øp≈ hoń¬ \n∂pw Gsg´p

hb p {]mbap≈ Hcp

s]Ïpń Rßƒ°p th≠n

`£Ww sIm≠p hcm≥ XpSßn.

aq∂mw Znhkw B Ipń ]d™p,

Fs‚ D∏bpw DΩbpw \√

kzct®¿®bnepw _‘Ønepa√.

AXpsIm≠v _‘w \∂mIphm

\mbn ZpB sNøWsa∂p DΩ

At]£n®ncn°p∂p. Rm≥

lZvdØv auem\m l°ow

\qdp±o≥ kmln_v t`chn(Jeo^Øp¬ akolv AΔ¬ (d))

hmKvZØ alvZn(A)bpsS {]Ya injy\pw AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØns‚ {]Ya Jeo^bpw

alm ]finX\pamb l°ow \qdp±o≥ kmln_v t`chn(d) bpsS PohNcn{X ]cºc.

`mKw ˛ 4

C_v\p h^m t_∏q¿

teJ\w


sN∂p B kv{XotbmSp Imcy

ßƒ Xnc°n. ]n∂oSv AhcpsS

`¿Ømhns\ I≠p]nSn®v Abmƒ

°v F∂m¬ Ignbp∂ D]tZi

ßƒ \¬In. Abmƒ D]tZiß

ƒ sNhnsIm≠p. A√mlphns‚

A\p{KlØm¬ AhcpsS

_‘w sa®s∏´p. Ah¿ ho≠pw

kvt\lØnepw kt¥mjØnep

ambn. AØcØn¬ Hcp \∑

sNøm≥ A√mlp F\n°v Ignhp

X∂Xn\p Rm≥ A√mlphns\

[mcmfambn kvXpXn®p.

lm^nkv sauehn A–p¬

lJv kmln_ns‚

klmbhpw ]T\hpw

dmw]q¿ FØnbtijw

ÿncamb XmaksØ Ipdn®mbn

Nn¥. am{Xhpa√ ]T\Øn∂mbn

{]ikvXcmb DkvXmZpamtcbpw

Is≠ØWw. Cu c≠p

Imcrßƒ°pw A√mlp Xs∂

]cnlmcap≠m°n. B Imcrw

hnhcn®p sIm≠v lZvdØv auehn

kmln_v ]dbpIbmWv. Hcp

Znhkw sshIpt∂cw Rm≥

X\n®p ]©m_nIfpsS

al√bnse Hcp CShgnbneqsS

\S∂p t]mIpIbmbncp∂p.

bmZr—nIambn Hcmsf I≠pap´n.

]cnNbs∏´p. kwkmcat≤r

Abmƒ ]d™p F\ns°mcp

]≈n D≠v. AhnsS h∂p

Xmaknt®mfq. Rm≥ ]d™p

Rßƒ aq∂pt]cp≠v. am{Xhp

a√ Rßƒ h∂ncn°p∂Xp

]Tn°m≥ th≠nbmWv. AXn\p

]pkvXIw thWw DkvXmZpamsc

Is≠ØWw. At±lw ]d™p.

kmcan√. aq∂p t]cptSbpw

Xmakw `£Ww ]T\w F∂o

DØchmZnXzßƒ Rm≥ Gs‰Sp

°p∂p. F\n°Xp hnizkn°m≥

{]bmkambncp∂p. Rm≥

tNmZn®p. Rßƒ°p CSbv°p

sh®p D]Poh\Øn\mbn ]T\w

Dt]£n®p Aetb≠n hcn√t√m?

`£WØn∂mbn hoSp hoSm¥cw

Ibdn Cdtß≠n hcn√t√m

At√? At±lw ]d™p H∂p

sIm≠pw t]Snt°≠. F√m

G¿]mSpIfpw Rm≥ sNøp∂

Xmbncn°pw.

At±lw ]d™X\pkcn

®p Rßƒ Xmakw At±lØn

s‚ ]≈nbntebv°p am‰n. hmKvZm

\a\pkcn®p Rßƒ aq∂pt]¿

°pw Bhiramb F√m klmb

klIcWßfpw At±lw

sNbvXp X∂p. ]T\Øn\p≈

{KŸßfpw DkvXmZpamtcbpw

G¿s]SpØn X∂p. A√mlp

At±lØn\p X°Xmb {]Xn^

ew \¬IpamdmIs´. B henb

a\ ns‚ DSabpsS t]cv lm^nkv

auehn A–p¬ lJv kmln_v

F∂mbncp∂p. F√m kuIcyß

fpw e`yambXp sIm≠v Hcp

h¿jsØ sNdnb Imebfhn¬

Rßƒ°p IqSpXembn ]Tn°m

≥ km[n®p. Rßsf ]Tn∏n®

AhnSsØ {]Kev`cmb DkvXmZp

am¿ Chcmbncp∂p. aniv°mØv

sauehn l ≥ imlv kmln_v,

^n°lv auehn A_vZp¬

Akokp√mlv kmln_v A^vKm

\n, ^¬k^ (^ntemk^n)

auehn C¿jmZ v lpss ≥

kmln_v apP±nZn , Zohm≥

apX\∫n (Ad_n kmlnXyw)

auehn aplΩZv kAZp√mlv

kmln_v , a≥Xzn°v (X¿°

imkv{Xw) auehn A_vZp¬ Aen

kmln_v , ap√m lpssk≥

AkZp√lv kmln_v. emtlmdn¬

]Tn°p∂ AhkcØn¬ IqsS

]Tn°p∂ Hcp kvt\lnXs‚

i‡amb t{]cW aqeambncp∂p

ht√m AhnsS \n∂p C{Xbpw

Zqsc IjvS∏mSpw ZpcnXhpw

kln®p sIm≠v h∂Xv. ]t£,

B kvt\lnX≥ dmw]q¿ FØn

Ipd®p Ign™t∏mƒ Xs∂

]Xps° Btcbpw Adnbn°msX

ChnsS \n∂pw apßn. Ct∏mƒ

Rßƒ c≠pt]¿ am{Xambn.

F∂ncp∂mepw Rßƒ IqSpXepw

a‰p hnZym¿YnIfpambn \√

klhmkØnembncp∂p.

Hcn°¬ ]T\ImeØp

HcnSØp Ipsd hnZym¿∞nIƒ

Ad_n `mjm]camb Hcp

{]iv\Øn¬ kwhmZw \SØp∂

Xmbn I≠p. k¿^v h \lhv

(Ad_n {Kma¿) Bbncp∂p

N¿®m hnjbw. A¬]t\cw

AhcpsS kwkmcw {i≤n®

tijw CXn\p Rm≥ DØcw

]dbmsa∂p AhtcmSp ]d™p.

Ah¿ auehn kmln_ns\ H∂p

t\m°n. lZ vdØv auehn

kmln_ns‚ efnXhpw tamSnbn

√mØXpamb thjhn[m\w

I≠t∏mƒ Cbmƒ F¥p

]dbm\msW∂ `mhØn¬

lZvdØv auehn kmln_ns\

Ah¿ ]cnlkn°m≥ XpSßn.

Abmƒ ]dbs´ H∂p tI´p

t\m°mat√m AXnse¥mWp

sXs‰∂p Ahcnep≠mbncp∂

Nne ]©m_n hnZym¿∞nIƒ

]d™t∏mƒ _m°nbp≈hcpw

AXp kΩXn®p. At∏mƒ

lZvdØv auehn kmln_v

]d™p Rm≥ ]dbmw ]t£,

hn[n I¿Ømhmbn Ad_n

hymIcW hnZKv[\mb Hcmsf

\nban°Ww. Aßs\ AhnsS

Adnbs∏´ncp∂ hfsc BZcWo

b\mb auehn Kpemw \_n

kmln_ns\ hn[n I¿Ømhm°n.

\qdp±o≥ kmln_ns‚ DØcw

tI´t∏mƒ Ahsc√mw hfsc

b[nIw kt¥mjn°pIbpw

hfscb[nIw ]pIgvØpIbpw

CXv XnI®pw B[nImcnI

{KŸa\pkcn®p≈Xp Xs∂bm

sW∂p hn[n FgpXpIbpw

sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv BZckqNI

ambn Ahsc√mw IqSn auehnPn

F∂ ÿm\t∏cp \¬IpIbpw

sNbvXp. lZvdØv auehnkmln_v

]dbpIbmWp F\n°mt]cv

hfsc CjvSs∏´p.

imlvPn A_vZp¿ d mJv

kmln_ns‚ D]tZiw

dmw]qcn¬ imlv Pn

A–p¿d mJv kmln_v F∂p


t]cp≈ Hcp `‡\p≠mbncp∂p.

\qdp±o≥ kmln_v At±lsØ

CSbv°nSbv°p kμ¿in°mdpap

≠v . Hcn°¬ Zo¿Lamb

CSthfbv°p tijw At±lsØ

ImWm≥ sN∂t∏mƒ At±lw

tNmZn®p \qdp±o≥ F¥p ]‰n.

C{Xbpw \mƒ FhnsSbmbncp∂p.

auehn \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

]d™p. lZvdØv, Rßƒ

hnZym¿∞nIft√. ]pkvXIß

fpw ]T\ßfpambn Ign™p

t]mIp∂Xp sIm≠v kabw

In´mdn√. Ipd®p AekXbpw

F∂n¬ h∂pt]mbn´p≠v .

At∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p \o

Ft∏msg¶nepw Cd®n°S

I≠n´pt≠m? \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

]d™p [mcmfw. F¶n¬ Cd®n

shńshń IØn°pta¬

sImgp∏p ]‰n∏nSn®v AXns‚

aq¿® Ipd™p t]mbm¬ Cd®n

sh´pImc≥ aq¿®Iq´m\mbn

IØnIsf ]ckv]cw AWbv°p

Ibpw aq¿® Iq´p∂Xpw I≠n´p

≠mIpat√m At√? At∏mƒ

l°ow \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

]d™p lZvdØv, Xm¶sf¥mWp

t±in°p∂sX∂p a\ nemIp∂n

√. At±lw ]d™p XpS¿®

bmbp≈ apemJmØv \ap°nS

bnep≈ AekXbpsSbpw

A⁄XbpStbpw sImgp∏ v

ZqcoIcn°p∂p. c≠p t]tcbpw

_p≤n]cambn aq¿®bm°p∂p.

imlv Pn A–p¿d mJv kmln_n

s‚ Cu D]tZiw Xs‚ PohnX

Øn¬ hfscb[nIw D]Icn®n´p

s≠∂pw kmXznIcpw \√hcp

amb BfpIfpsS ASp°¬

CSbv°nSs°¶nepw sN∂ncn

t°≠XmsW∂pw AØc°mcp

ambn Bibhn\nabw \SØp∂

XneqsS ]e AekXbpw

ZqcoIcn°s∏Sp∂tXmsSm∏w

]pXnb ]pXnb AdnhpIƒ

t\Sm≥ AXp klmbIcambn

cn°psa∂pw sauehn \qdp±o≥

kmln_v ]dbpambncp∂p.

Akm[mcWamb

Hc\p`hhpw ]cnlmchpw


dmw]q¿ PohnX ImeØv X\n°p

≠mb hfsc Akm[mcWamb

Hc\p`hw hnhcn®p sIm≠v

]dbpIbmWv. ]T\Øn¬ hfsc

ka¿∞\mb Fs‚ Hcp Iq´p

Imc≥ D≠mbncp∂p. Ah\p

Ft¥m ImcWØm¬ ]T\Øn¬

Xosc Xm¬]cyan√mXmhpIbpw

]pdtIm´p t]mhpIbpw sNbvXp.

Rm\ht\mSv ImcWw Xnc°n.

Ah≥ ]d™p Rm≥ kpμc\m

b Hcp BÏpńbpambn

{]Wb_≤\mWv. F\n°hs\

Ft∏mgpw I≠p sIm≠ncn°Ww.

Ahs\ ImWmXmhptºmƒ

Rm≥ Akzÿ\mIp∂p. AXp

sIm≠mWp ]T\Øn¬ {i≤bn

√mXmbnt∏mbXv . Aht\mSp

IqSpX¬ Imcrßƒ Xnc°nb

tijw Rm\ht\bpw Iqń

{]kvXpX IpńbpsS ASp°¬

sN∂p. F∂n´v B IpńtbmSp

]d™p. CsXs‚ kvt\lnX\m

Wv. Ch≥ \ns∂ t{]an°ps∂

∂pw Ft∏mgpw \ns∂ I≠p

sIm≠ncn°Wsa∂pw AXp

km[n°mØXp sIm≠v ]T\

Øn¬ {i≤n°m≥ km[n°p∂n

s√∂pw Ch≥ ]dbp∂p.

AXn\m¬ Chs‚ ]T\Øn¬

XS w t\cnSmXncn°m\mbn

Fs‚ Hct]£bp≠v. Ch≥

F√m Znhkhpw sshIpt∂cw

Ak¿ \akv°mcm\¥cw ChnsS

Xm¶fpsS ISbn¬ hcpw aKvcn_n

∂p Xncn®p t]mbns°m≈pw.

AXn\p kΩXw \¬IWw.Rm≥

]d™Xp tI´v \√h\mb B

sNdp∏°mc\p B›crw tXm∂n

sb¶nepw AXn\h≥ kΩXn®p.

GsXmcmƒ A√mlphns‚

Xr]vXn°mbn {]h¿Øn°ptam

A√mlp Xo¿®bmbpw F√mbn

t∏mgpw A\p{Klhpw hnPbhpw

\¬Ip∂Xmbncn°pw.


(d) dmw]qcn¬ GItZiw c≠p

aq∂p h¿jw Xmakn®psIm≠v

]T\w XpS¿∂p. C\nbpw AhnsS

Zo¿LImew Xmakn®p ]Tn°p

ambncp∂psh¶nepw BbnSbv°v

At±lw ITn\ambn tcmK{KkvX

\mbn. ]I¬ apgph\pw ]T\hpw

cm{XnImeßfn¬ Zo¿Lamb

hmb\bpambncp∂p lZvdØv

auehn kmln_ns‚ ]Xnhp

coXn. AXp ImcWw BtcmKrw

£bn®p. (lpkqdn\p≠mb

AkpJsØ DdpZphn¬ kl¿

F∂p hnfn°p∂p. cm{Xnbn¬

Dd°an√mbvabmWp AXns‚

{][m\ e£Ww. Cw•ojn¬ CXv

insomnia F∂p Adnbs∏Sp∂p.

teJI≥) Cu AkpJw lZvdØv

\qdp±o≥ kmln_ns‚ sshZyw

]Tn°phm\p≈ B{KlsØ

H∂pIqSn DtØPn∏n®p. AXn\m

bn cmPyØv hfsc ka¿∞\pw

{]ikvX\pamb `njKzc≥

B c m s W ∂ t \ z j n ® t ∏ m ƒ

eJv\uhnep≈ lJow Aen

lpssk≥ kmln_msW∂v

a\ nembn. ]ns∂ H´pw sshIn

bn√. lZvdØv \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

At±lsØ At\zjn®p eJv\u

hnte°p ]pds∏´p.

auehn A–p¿djoZv

kmln_ns‚ ̀ ‡nbpw

A√mlphpambp≈

_‘hpw

eJv\uhnte°p≈ bm{Xm

at≤r lZvdØv auehn kmln_v

apdmZm_mZn¬ Cdßn. AhnsS

_\mdkv kztZinbmb auehn

A–p¿ djoZ v kmln_ns\

k μ ¿ i n ° p I b m b n c p ∂ p

Dt±iyw. At±lw henb ̀ ‡\pw

kn≤\pw kmXznI\pamb Hcp

al¬hy‡nbmW v .lZ v dØ v

\qdp±o≥ kmln_v At±lØns‚

hy‡nXzØn¬ {]`mhnX\mbn

At±ltØmsSm∏w Ipd®p \mƒ

Xmakn°m≥ Xocpam\n®p.

tcmKnbmbncp∂ lZvdØv ---- sauehn

\qdp±o≥ kmln_n(d) s\


At±lw hfsc \√ \nebn¬

]cnNcn°pIbpw ip{iqjn°pI

bpw sNbvXp. At±lØns‚

]cnNcWØn¬ H∂c amkw

sIm≠v Xs∂ \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

BtcmKyw hos≠SpØp. lZvdØv

\qdp±o≥ kmln_v ]dbpIbmWv

auehn A–p¿ djoZv kmln_v

Ft∂mSp ImWn® A\pIº

bv°pw klmbØn\pw Rm≥

At±ltØmSv Atßb‰w

ISs∏ńcn°p∂p.

auehn A–p¿djoZ v

kmln_ns‚ `‡nbpw XJvhbpw

A√mlphpambp≈ _‘hpw

ImWn°p∂ Hcp kw`hØn\p

lZvdØv \qdp±o≥ kmln_v (d)

t\cn´p km£nbmbncp∂p.

lZ vdØv auehn \qdp±o≥

kmln_v hnhcn°pIbmWv.

auehn A–p¿ djoZv kmln_v

]≈ntbmSptN¿∂p≈ Hcp sNdnb

apdnbnembncp∂p Xmakn®ncp∂

Xv. At±lw hnhmlw Ign®ncp

∂n√. Hcn°¬ cm{XnkabØv

Zqsc \n∂p HcXnYn h∂p.

AXnYnsb Cu cm{Xn Fßs\

k¬°cn°psa∂mtemNn®p

At±lw BsI Akzÿ\mbn.

AXnYn°p \¬Im≥ At±l

Øns‚ ]°¬ H∂pw D≠mbncp

∂n√. F¶nepw At±lw AXnYn

sb hfsc D]Nmc]q¿Δw

kzoIcn®ncpØn. F∂n´ v

InS°m\p≈ ÿew ImWn®p

sImSpØp sIm≠v ]d™p,

`£Ww XømdmIp∂Xp hsc

Xm¶ƒ ChnsS hn{iant®mfq.

AXnYn AhnsS HcpÿeØp

X¬°mew InS∂p. ]t£,

bm{Xm£oWw ImcWw At±lw

Ddßnt∏mbn. AXn\p tijw

auehn A–p¿djoZv kmln_v

hpfp FSpØp h∂p Jn_vebpsS

`mKØp Xncn™ncp∂p Cu

BbØv sNm√m≥ XpSßn.

""Rm≥ Fs‚ Imcyw

A√mlphn¬ A¿∏n°p∂p.

Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp Xs‚

F√m Zmk∑mtcbpw \√t]mse

t\m°n ImWp∂h\s{X” (Jp¿

B≥ 40:45).

Cu BbØv \n¿ØmsX

sNm√nsIm≠ncp∂p. km[mcW

\nebn¬ `£Ww ]mIamIm≥

Bhiyap≈ kabw GItZiw

Ign™t∏mƒ Hcmƒ ]pdØp

\n∂p hnfn°p∂Xp tI´p. Hm

lZvdØv, H∂p thKw hcq. Fs‚

ssI s]m≈p∂p. auehn djoZv

kmln_v thKw ]pdtØ°p

sN∂p. AhnsS Ccpń¬

sNºns‚ Hcp XfnIbn¬ \√

NqSp≈ ]pemhp (_ncnbmWn)

ambn Hcmƒ \n¬°p∂p. auehn

djoZ v kmln_v AbmtfmSp

]m{Xw hmßn apdnbnte°p h∂v

Ddßns°m≠ncn°p∂ AXnYnsb

hnfn®pW¿Øn AXp At±l

Øn\p \¬In. lZvdØv \qdp±o≥

kmln_v ]dbpIbmWp, B

ÿehpw sNdnb apdnbpw

Ct∏mgpw Fs‚ Iäp∂nencn

°pIbmWv. sNºp XfnI

At±lw ]≈nbn¬ Xs∂

kq£n®p. CXmcptSXmsW¶nepw

sIm≠pt]mbv sIm≈m≥ At±

lw Ft∏mgpw ]dbpambncp∂p.

]t£, B XfnI°v Hcp

DSaÿ\pw D≠mbn√.

A√mlphn¬ \n∂p≈

hncp∂v

lZvdØv l°ow\qdp±o≥

kmln_v(d) Adnhp kºmZ\

Øn∂mbn dmw]q¿, eJv\u,

Kzmfntbm¿, t`m]m¬, U¬ln,

aod‰ v , _\mdkv, apdmZm_mZv

XpSßnb `mcXØnse ]e

]´Wßƒ°pw ]pdsa Ckveman

s‚ ]cnip≤ tI{μßfmb a°

apI¿da, aZo\ ap\Δd F∂nhnS

ßfnte°pw bm{X sNøpIbpw

Zo¿LImew ]ebnSßfnepw

Xmakn®psIm≠v hfsc {]kn≤

cmb DkvXmZpamcpsS klmb

tØmsS hnhn[ hnjbßfpw

{KŸßfpw hfsc BgØn¬

]Tn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. B

bm{Xbn¬ At±lØn\v ]e

_p≤nap´pIfpw IjvS∏mSpIfpw

]co£Wßfpw t\cntS≠n

h∂n´pap≠mbncp∂p. At∏msg

√mw A√mlp B almXvamhns\

AXnibIcamb coXnbn¬

klmbn°pIbpw AXv`pXIc

amb coXnbn¬ ]n¥pW°pIbpw

sNbvXn´pap≠v. lZvdØv sauehn

\qdp±o≥ kmln_nt\mSp≈

A√mlphns‚ Cu {]tXrI

ImcpWyhpw kao]\hpw

At±lØns‚ PohnXØnepS

\ofw \ap°p ImWphm≥

km[n°pw. AØcsamcp ]gb

Ime A\p`hw hnhcn®psIm≠v

lZvdØv auehn kmln_v (d)

]dbpIbmWv.

Rms\mcn°¬ {]Kev`cmb

DkvXmZpamcpsS injy\mbn

sIm≠v Ahcn¬ \n∂pw Adnhp

kºmZn°phm\p≈ ASßmØ

B{KltØmsS AØcw

DkvXmZpamsc At\zjn®p

kztZiamb t`cbn¬ \n∂pw

hfsc AIse sN∂p. Hcp

ÿeØp \n∂p as‰mcp

ÿetØbv°p Fs‚

At\zjWw \o≠p. B

AhkcØn¬ Rm≥ ]et∏mgpw

`£WØn\p t]mepw h√msX

_p≤na p´ nb n´ p≠mbnc p∂p .

HchkcØn¬ F\n°p c≠p

Znhkw hsc `£Wsam∂pw

Inńbn√. ]t£, Rm\mImcyw

BtcmSpw ]dbpItbm klmbw

tXSpItbm sNbvXn√.

A√mlphns‚ klmbw am{Xta

tXSnbp≈q. aq∂masØ Znhkw

aKvcn_n\p GtXm Hcp

{KmaØnep≈ ]≈nbnseØn.

AhnsS \akv°cn®p. A]cn

NnX\mbn´pw £oWnX\mbn´pw

Bcpw Fs∂ {i≤n°pItbm

H∂pw Xs∂ tNmZn°pItbm

sNbvXn√.

\akv°cn® tijw F√m

hcpw ]ncn™p t]mbn. Rm≥

X\n®mbn. hni∂p he™ Rm≥


C\nsb¥p sNøpw F∂mtemNn

®ncn°ptºmƒ ]pdØp \n∂pw

Hcmƒ hnfn°p∂Xp tI´p.

\qdp±o≥, \qdp±o≥ thKw hcq,

CXm ]nSn°q. Rm≥ ]pdØv

sN∂p t\m°nbt∏mƒ Ac≠

shfn®Øn¬ Hcmƒ `£W

ØfnIbpambn \n¬°p∂p.

Rm\bmtfmSv s]s´∂p Xs∂

XfnI hmßn ]≈n°ItØ°v

Xncn®p h∂p. t\m°nbt∏mƒ

Bhn ]d°p∂ hn`h kar≤amb

`£Ww. Rm\bmtfmSp \nßƒ

BcmsWt∂m CXv BcmWp

sImSpØb®sXt∂m tNmZn®n√.

CXv A√mlphmWv Ab®sX

s∂\n°v \√ hnizmkap≠mbncp

∂p. ImcWw Rm\m {KmaØn¬

XnI®pw A]cnNnX\mWv. Fs∂

B¿°pw ]cnNban√. am{Xhpa√

Rm≥ Cu ]≈nbnep≈ Imcyhpw

BtcmSpw ]d™n´n√. thsdmcp

Imcrw, `£Whpambn h∂bmƒ

Fs∂ t]scSpØmWp hnfn®Xv.

Rm≥ hb¿ \ndsb AXpIgn®p.

]m{Xßƒ IgpIn ]≈nbpsS

Nphcnep≠mbncp∂ sImfpØn¬

Xq°nbn´p. ]ns‰ Znhkw cmhnse

Rm≥ AhnsS \n∂pw bm{X

bmbn. F´p ]Øp Znhkßƒ

°p tijw Xncn®p ho≠pw B

]≈nbn¬ Xs∂ h∂t∏mƒ

]m{Xßƒ Rm≥ Xq°nbn´Xp

t]mse Xs∂ InS∏p≠mbncp∂p.

]m{XØn\p HchIminbpw

D≠mbn√. AXn¬ \n∂pw Cu

hncp∂p A√mlphns‚ hIbmbn

cp∂psh∂p H∂pIqSn F\n°v

ZrVhnizmkap≠mbn.

apdmZm_mZn¬ \n∂pw

Im¨]qcnte°p bm{X

XpScp∂p.

lZvdØv l°ow \qdp±o≥

kmln_v (d) sshZyw ]Tn°W

sa∂ B{KltØmsS dmw]qcn¬

\n∂v eJv\uhnte°v bm{X

Xncn°pIbpw hgnbn¬ auehn

A–p¿djoZ v kmln_ns\

ImWphm\mbn apdmZm_mZn¬

CdßpIbpw sNbvX Imcrambncp

∂p hnhcn®p sIm≠ncp∂Xv.

tcmK_m[nX\mbncp∂ l°ow

\qdp±o≥ kmln_v , auehn

A–p¿djoZ v kmln_ns‚

]cnNcWØn¬ A√mlphns‚

klmbØm¬ BtcmKyw

hos≠Sp°pIbpw H∂p c≠p

amkßƒ°p tijw sshZyw

]Tn°phm\p≈ Xs‚ ]gb

Dt±irtØmsS AhnsS \n∂pw

l°ow Aen lpssk≥

kmln_ns\ At\zjn®p sIm≠v

eJv\uhnte°v ]pds∏SpIbpw

sNbvXp.

lZvdØv \qdp±o≥ kmln

_ns‚ tPyjvT ktlmZcs‚

hfsc ASpØ Hcp Iq´pImc≥

A–p¿dlvam≥ Jm≥ amenIv

kmln_v Im¨]qcn¬ Xmak

ap≠mbncp∂p. At±lsØ

kμ¿in°msa∂p IcpXn

hgnbn¬ lZvdØv \qdp±o≥

kmln_v Im¨]qcn¬ Cdßn.

At±lsØ sN∂p I≠p.

l°ow Aen lpss ≥

eJv\hnbpsS ASp°¬ sshZrw

]Tn°phm\p≈ Dt±iyØn¬

eJv\uhn¬ t]mhpIbmsW∂p

]d™t∏mƒ AXn\t±lw hfsc

tbmPn® Bƒ Xs∂bmsW∂p

A_vZp¿dlvam≥ kmln_v

A`n{]mbs∏SpIbpw l°ow

Aen kmln_ns\ ]pIgvØn

kwkmcn°pIbpap≠mbn. H∂p

c≠p Znhkw Im¨]qcn¬

Xmakn® tijw At±lw ho≠pw

eJv\uhnte°v bm{Xbmbn. B

bm{Xbnepw A√mlp At±l

sØ Akm[mcWamb coXnbn¬

klmbn°pIbpw XpW°pIbpw

sNbvXn´p≠v. B bm{X Xs∂

hfsc hnjaw ]nSn®Xmbncp∂p.

AhnsS FØn l°ow Aen

lpssk≥ kmln_pambn

kwkmcn®t∏mƒ BZyw Xs‚

kz]v\ßƒ XIcp∂Xmbn

lZvdØv \qdp±o≥ kmln_n\v

tXm∂nsb¶nepw AhntSbpw

A√mlphns‚ A]mcamb

klmbhpw A\p{Klhpw IqsS

D≠mbn.

l°ow Aen lpssk≥

kmln_ns‚ i]Yhpw

Fs‚ Bthihpw

apdmZm_mZn¬ \n∂v Im¨

]q¿ hgn eJv\uhntebv°p≈

AkpJIcamb bm{Xbpw Aen

lpssk≥ kmln_ns\ BZyam

bn I≠ A\p`hhpw hnhcn®p

sIm≠v lZvdØv l°ow \qdp±o≥

kmln_v(d) XpS¿∂p hnhcn°p

IbmWv. Im¨]qcn¬ \n∂p

eJv\uhnte°p≈ bm{X

tdmUpam¿Kambncp∂p. ITn\amb

DjvWImew. \nc∏n√mØXpw

Zp¿LSw ]nSn®Xpw s]mSn]Sew

\nd™Xpamb ]mX. AXpImc

Ww Rm\msI hnb¿∏nepw

aÆnepw s]mSnbnepw Ipfn®Xp

t]msebmbn. BsI apjn™p

\mdn hrØnlo\amb Hchÿ

bnemWp Rm≥ eJv\uhn¬

FØp∂Xv. eJv\uhn¬ FØnb

tijw l°ow Aen lpssk≥

kmln_ns‚ hoSp NnetcmS

t\zjn®p. A√mlphns‚ A\p{K

lØm¬ Rm≥ hml\andßnb

tdmUns‚ FXn¿ hiØp

Xt∂bmbncp∂p At±lØns‚

hosS∂p At∏mƒ a\ nembn.

HcnSØmhfw e`n°msX Ipfn

°m\pw hkv{Xw am‰m\pw

km[n°mØXp sIm≠v B

apjn™p \mdnb hkv{XtØmsS

\√X√mØ thjØn¬ ap∂n¬

I≠ henb ho´n¬ Rm≥

{]thin®p.

{]thi\IhmSØn∂∏pdØv

hensbmcp lmƒ. lmfns‚ Hcp

`mKØp Btcbpw BI¿jn

°p∂ apJIm¥ntbmSp IqSnb,

ip{`hkv{X[mcnbpw shfpshfp

Ø XmSnbpw apSnbpap≈

amemJsb Hm¿as∏SpØp∂ Hcp

ZnhymXvamhv Hcp tImkSnbn¬

D]hnjvS\mWv. At±lw X∂

bmWv l°ow kmlns_s∂\n

°p a\ nembn. A¬]w hoXn


IqSnbXpw `wKntbdnbXpamb

XebWbnemWv At±lw

Nmcnbncn°p∂Xv. Ccn°p∂Xns‚

Ccphihpw sNdnb XebWIƒ

thtdbpw Ccn∏p≠v. ap∂n¬

sh‰nes®√w (sh‰nes∏ń)

apdp°n Xp∏m\p≈ tImfmºn,

t]\, ajn°p∏n, FgpXm\p≈

ISemkv CsXms° hfsc

ASp°pw Nn´tbmSpw IqSn

h®n´p≠v . lmfn\cnIn¬

BZcWobcmb Iptd t]¿ hfsc

BI¿jIamb coXnbn¬

\akv°mcØn¬ AØlnbmØp

hnse∂ t]mse `‡nbmZcthm

sS Ccn°p∂p≠v. {]kvXpX

lmfnse \neØv IÆ©n∏n

°p∂Xpw Xnfßp∂Xpamb

Xqsh≈\ndØnep≈ hncn∏mWp

hncn®ncn°p∂Xv. {]`mIncWß

fm¬ {]tim`nXßfmb Nphcp

Iƒ. Ah ]p©ncn°pIbmtWm

Fs∂\n°p kwibw tXm∂n.

CsX√mw I≠v Rm\msI B›cy

NInX\mbn. ImcWw ]©m_n¬

CØcØnsem∂p ImWm≥

F\ns°mcn°epw km[n®nń√.

Ing°p hiØp≈ hmXn

en\cnIn¬ Rms\s‚ sI´pw

`mWvUhpw h®p ss[cy]q¿Δw

AIØp {]thin®p. Agp°pw

s]mSnbpw ]pc≠ Fs‚

]mZßƒ lmfn\IØv \neØv

]Xn™t∏mƒ \nemshfn®w

t]mse kpμcamb Xdbn¬

]eXcw tImeßƒ cq]w

sIm≠p. Rm≥ t\sc l°ow

kmln_n\Sp°¬ sN∂p

bmsXmcp kt¶mNhpw IqSmsX

D®Øn¬ A emap Asse °pw

h.h F∂p ]d™p At±lØn

\p t\sc ssI\oń. At±lhpw

]Xn™ kzcØn¬ hAsse°p

ap emw F∂p ]d™p Agp°p

]pc≠ Fs‚ ssI ]nSn®p

Ipep°n. D®Ønep≈ Fs‚

kemw ]d®n¬ ]ucmWnI

kwkv°mcØns‚ Cu‰n√ambn

Adnbs∏Sp∂ eJv\uhns‚

]Xnhp coXn°p hncp≤amtbm

F∂dn™n√. Rm≥ lmfns‚

Hcp `mKØv sN∂ncp∂p. A¬]

kabØn\p tijw Fs‚ Cu

`mhhpw \SØhpw I≠n´mIWw

AhnsS k∂nlnXcmbncp∂

eJv\u \nhmknIfnsemcmƒ

eJv\hn ssienbn¬ tNmZn®p,

Xm¶ƒ kwkv°mckº∂amb

GXv \mń¬ \n∂pamWmthm

Fgps∂≈nbncn°p∂Xv?

Rm\bmsf IS°Æns´m

∂p t\m°n. F∂n´p bphXzØn

s‚ Nm]ertØmsS ]d™p,

Fs‚ Cu A\u]NmcnIX

bv°pw kt¶mNw IqSmsXbp≈

A`nhmZ\Øn\pw ImcWw

Xcnimbn InS°p∂ Hcp

`q{]tZiØv Hcn°¬ BSpIsf

tabv®p \S∂ A£c⁄m\an√m

Ø HcmńSbs‚ A≤ym]\ßfm

Wv. k√√mlp Asseln h k√w

Fs‚ amXm]nXm°ƒ B

almXvamhn\p sX≠ambncn°s´.

Fs‚ hm°pIƒ l°ow

kmln_ns‚bpw AhnsS

k∂nlnXcmbn´p≈hcptSbpw

lrZbØn¬ sshZrpX XcwK

ßƒ krjvSn®p. A¬]t\csØ

\n»–Xbv°p tijw hfsc

hnImc`mhtØmsS l°ow Aen

lpssk≥ kmln_v Fs∂

tNmZyw sNbvX am\yt\mS v

tNmZn®p, Xm¶ƒ cmPkZ n¬

k∂nlnXcmImdp≈ Hcp

am\ytZlat√? Xm¶ƒ°v

CØcØnep≈ am\knImLmXw

Ft∏msg¶nepw A`napJoIcnt°

≠n h∂n´pt≠m? AXmbXv

CØcØn¬ hmbS∏≥ adp]Sn

Bcn¬ \ns∂¶nepw Ft∏msg¶n

epw Inńbn´pt≠m? At±lw

H∂pw an≠nbn√. A¬]w

Ign™t∏mƒ l°owAen

kmln_v Ft∂mSv tNmZn®p,

Xm¶ƒ ChnsS Fßs\ FØn.

F¥mWpt±irw. Rm≥ ]d™p

sshZyw ]Tn°m≥. CXp

tIƒt°≠ Xmakw l°ow

kmln_v ]d™p, t\m°q, Rm≥

\nßƒ ImWp∂Xp t]mse

hfsctbsd {]mbm[nIyØnem

Wp≈Xv. F\n°nt∏mƒ ]Tn∏n

°m≥ {]bmkap≠v. AXpsIm≠v

sshZyw ]Tn∏n°¬ \n¿ØpIbm

sW∂p Rm≥ kzbw t\csØ

Xs∂ Dd® Xocpam\hpw i]Y

hpw sNbvXn´mWp≈Xv.

Fs‚ B{Klßfpw

Dt±iyßfpw aW¬ sIm´mcw

t]mse XI¿∂Snbp∂Xmbn

F\n°p tXm∂n. F√mw A√mlp

hns‚ C—m\pkcWamWp

\S°p∂Xv. Aßs\ am{Xta

\S°pIbp≈p F∂Xp kXyhp

amWv. B kabsØms° Fs‚

A]Izamb {]mbw ImcWamImw

Rm≥ Nnet∏mƒ Nne Imcyß

fn¬ AanXamb Bthihpw

Pn⁄mkbpw ImWn°p∂ Hcp

{]IrX°mc\mbncp∂p. l°ow

Aen lpssk≥ kmln_ns‚

hm°pIƒ tI´t∏mƒ Fs‚

^m¿kn DkvXmZmbncp∂ ap≥in

aplΩZv Jmknw kmln_v ]Tn∏n

®p X∂ ^m¿kn ]mTßfmWp

F\nt°m¿a h∂Xv. Rms\mcp

^m¿kn B]vXhmIyw hfsc

at\mhnjatØmsS sNm√n.

F∂n´p ]d™p HcmfpsS

lrZbhnImcw {hWs∏SpØp∂

Xv ]m]amsW∂p ]d™

XXz⁄m\nbmb iodmkn°v

sX‰p]‰nbncn°p∂p. iodmkn

A_≤amWv ]d™Xv. A√mbn

cp∂psh¶n¬ F\n°nhnsS

CØcØnep≈ at\mthZ\

t\cntS≠n hcn√mbncp∂p.

Fs‚ hm°pIƒ l°ow

kmln_ns‚ a\ ns\ BgØn

¬ kv]¿in®p. At±lØns‚

IÆpIƒ Cud\Wn™p. A¬]

t\csØ CSthfbv°p tijw

At±lw ]d™p. t\m°q

auehn \q¿ l°ow hfsc

Ignhpw {]ikvXnbpap≈ Hcp

l°oamWv. Rm\t±ltØmSv

ip]m¿i sNømw. At±lw

Xo¿®bmbpw Xm¶sf \∂mbn

]Tn∏n°p∂Xmbncn°pw. Rm\p

Ss\ as‰mcp ^m¿kn B]vX


hmIyw sNm√ns°m≠v ]d™p,

A√mlphns‚ `qan hfsc

hnimeamWv. F\n°p≈ c≠v

ImepIƒ AXni‡hpw. Imcrw

hfsc hy‡w. AXmbXp Xm¶ƒ

°p km[yas√¶n¬ hnt´°q

Fs‚ Imcrw Rm≥ t\m°ns°m

≈mw. Rm≥ B]vXhmIyw

sNmt√≠ Xmakw l°ow Aen

lpssk≥ kmln_v F\n°p

]cn]q¿Æambpw IogSßns°m

≠v ]d™p Rms\s‚ i]Yw

]n≥hen®ncn°p∂p.

AXn\p tijw l°ow

kmln_v hoSn\ItØ°p

t]mbn. ]e ]e Bhirßfpw

tcmKßfpambn At±lsØ

ImWm≥ h∂hcpw sas√ sas√

]pdtØ°p t]mbns°m≠ncp∂p.

Ahkm\w AhnsS Rm≥ am{Xw

_m°nbmbt∏mƒ Rm\pw Fs‚

sI´pw `mWvUhpsaSpØv

]pdtØ°p \S∂p. Fs‚

tPyjvTs‚ Hcp Iq´pImc≥

ChnsS eJv\uhn¬ D≠v.

At±lhpw Hcp {]n‚nwßv {] v

DSabmWv. t]cv Aen _Jviv

Jm≥. Rm≥ t\sc At±lØn

s‚ hoń¬ sN∂p. At±lw

Fs∂ Imcyambn kzoIcn®ncp

Øn. F√m kuIcyßfpw

sNbvXp X∂p. At±lw ]eXpw

kwkmcn®p. F\ns°mcp Ddpamw

]gØns‚ acw ImWn®p sIm≠v

]d™p CXv \ns‚ tPyjvTs‚

Hm¿a°p≈XmWv. ]n∂oSv Rm≥

t]mbn Ipfn®p hkv{Xßƒ amdn.

AtXmsS Fs‚ £oWsa√mw ]d

]d∂p. eJv\uhn¬ h®p

AhnSsØ Adnbs∏Sp∂ ]e

Benaoßtfbpw ImWphm\pw

]cnNbs∏Sm\pw F\n°p

km[n®p. Aen _Iviv kmln_v

F\n°p Xmakn°m≥ {]tXyIw

Izm¿´¿ X∂p. ]t£, Hcp Ipg∏w.

`£Ww Rm≥ Xs∂ ]mIw

sNbvXp Xømdm°Ww. Fs∂

kw_‘n®nStØmfw Xosc

]cnNban√mØXpw {]bmktadn

bXpamb ImcramWp ]mNIw.

(XpScpw)

IS∏mSv & Ahew_w

1-. lbmsØ \q¿ By auem\m A_vZp¬

JmZ¿ kmln_v skuZmK¿ a¬. d_vhm

2. XmcosJ AlvaZnøØv hmfyw -3 Byauem\m tZmkvXv aplΩZv imlnZ v

kmln_v d_vhm

3. an¿JmØp¬ bJo≥ ô lbmXn

\qdp±o≥ By AIv_¿ imlv Jm≥

kmln_v. \Po_m _mZn.

4. lZvdØv sauehn \qdp±o≥ kmln_v

(Cw•ojv) By lZvdØv k¿ aplΩZv

k^dp√mlv Jm≥ kmln_v (d)

5. khm\nlv lZvdØv Jeo^Øp¬

akolv AΔ¬ By dknb Z¿Zv kmln_

Idm®n.

6. A¬ ^kv¬ DdpZp Zn\]{X ßƒ

d_vhm.

sØ ]p\cp÷ohn∏n®p sIm≠v

{^m≥kv tI{μoIcn® v 5˛mw

\q‰m≠n¬ Hcp km{amPyw

Db¿∂p h∂ncp∂p. AXv ]e

cq]]cnWmaßƒ°pw hnt[bam

bn. jm¿esabn≥ (F.Un. 742˛814)

F∂ CXnlmk ]cnthiap≈

Hcp cmPmhns‚ ImeØmWv Cu

km{amPyØn∂v aX]camb

am\ßfp≈ hnip≤ tdmam

km{amPyw F∂ t]cv e`n®Xv.

t]m∏v entbmhns\ i{Xp°ƒ

tdmam \KcØn¬ \n∂v

XpcØnbt∏mƒ jm¿esabn≥

N{Ih¿ØnbmWv i{Xp°sf

tXm¬∏n®v t]m∏ns\ ho≠pw B

ÿm\Øv Ahtcm[n®Xv. CXn∂v

{]Xyp]Imcambns°m≠v F. Un

800 ¬ {Inkva v Zn\Øn¬

jm¿esabn≥ sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv

]≈nbn¬ ap´v IpØn {]m¿∞n®p

sIm≠ncn°ptºmƒ IrX⁄\m

b t]m∏v entbm, jm¿esabns‚

inc n¬ IocoSw Nm¿Øn.

At±lsØ hnip≤ tdmam

N{Ih¿Ønbmbn {]Jym]n°pI

bmbncp∂p. N¿®pw N{Ih¿Øn

bpw XΩnep≈ _m‘hØn∂v

XpS°w Ipdn® \n¿ÆmbIamb

kw`hambncp∂p CXv. GItZiw

Bbncw sIm√w bqtdm]y≥

Ncn{XsØ CXv hºn® tXmXn¬

kzm[o\n®p. cmPmhn∂v IncoSw

h®Xv t]m∏msW∂p≈Xv

sIm≠v cmPmhv ssZhØm¬

\ntbmKnX\mWv F∂ hmZw

{]_es∏SpIbpw AtX kabw

cmPmhns\ hmgn®Xv t]m∏mWv

F∂Xv sIm≠v k`bpsS

i‡nbpw kzm[o\hpw h¿≤n°m

\pw CXv ImcWambn.

Aßs\ Cu _m‘hw

XpScth F.Un. 8mw \p‰m≠n¬

hn{Klmcm[\sb A\pIqen®v

]m›mXy tdma≥ k`bpw

FXn¿Øv ss_k‚bn≥ N{Ih¿

Ønbpw XΩn¬ Hcp hnhmZw

s]mń]pds∏´p. tamkkns‚

]Øv I¬∏\Ifn¬ hn{Klß

sf hWßcpsX∂ B⁄bp

≠mbncp∂p. CkvemanI tZi

tØmSSpØv \n¬°p∂Xmbncp∂

t√m ss_km‚nbw km{amPyw.

AXn\m¬ CkvemanI kzm[o\

ambncn°mw ss_km‚nbn≥

hn{Kl`RvP\ (Byzantine Icono-clasm) {]ÿm\Øn∂v ImcWsa

∂v {]ikvX Ncn{XImc\mb

Bƒt\mS v sP. tSmb≥_n

A`n{]mbs∏ń´p≠v. FXmbmepw

Cu hnhmZ tØmS\p_‘n®v

A∂sØ t]m∏v {KnKdn

ss_k‚bn≥ N{Ih¿Ønbmb

entbm aq∂mas\ k`bn¬ \n∂v

]pdØm°n. A{X°v t]∏¬

kvt‰‰pIƒ A[n]\mb t]m∏v

i‡\mbn Xo¿∂ncp∂p.

]m›mXy cmjv{Sob i‡nIfpsS

]n¥pWtbmsS ]n∂oSv tdma≥

k` IqSpX¬ i‡ambn. 11˛mw

\q‰mt≠mSpIqSn k` IqSpX¬

AklnjvWpXtbmsS kzX{¥

Nn¥sb ASn®a¿Øm≥ XpSßn.

k`m tImSXn (Eclesiastical Court)ÿm]n®p sIm≠v C≥Iznknj≥

Bcw`n®p. apJyambpw aX\nμ

I(Heretic)scbpw aX ]cnXymKn

Isfbpw (Apostate) ssZhZpjI

tcbpw (Blasphemies) Is≠Øn

Ahsc D∑qe\w sNøpI F∂

e£ytØmsSbmbncp∂p C≥Izn

knj≥ Bcw`n®Xv. (XpScpw)



Ckvemans‚ kph¿Æ`qXImewtemI kwkvImcØn\v A\izcamb kw`mh\Iƒ \¬Inb Hcp

`qXImew Ckveman\p≠mbncp∂p. imkv{Xw, kmlnXyw, Ie

F∂o cwKßfn¬ AXv \nd™p \n∂ncp∂p.

apkvenw {]Xn`Isf ]‰n

hniZoIcn°p∂Xn∂v apºmbn

Hcp Imcyw \mw i≤m]q¿hw

Hm¿t°≠Xp≠v. Ckvemans‚

ssh⁄m\nI ]pjv°eImeØv

Hcp hnjbhpw H‰s∏´p \n∂n√

H∂nt\msSm∂v _‘s∏´

\nebnembncp∂p Ahsb√mw.

hntijhXvIrX hn⁄m\w

AYhm Hcp {]tXyI hnjb

Øn¬ sshZKvZyw t\Snbh¿

A°meØpw D≠mbncp∂p.

X\n°v Np‰pap≈ temIØv

IuXpI ]q¿Δap≈ Xm¬]cyam

Wv Hcmsf htihXvIrXamb

ckX{¥ hn⁄m\nbpw tKmf

imkv{X⁄\pw B°p∂Xv,

A{]Imcw Hcmsf XXz⁄m\n

bm°p∂Xpw Cu Xm¬]cyw

Xs∂bmWv. alm\mb Ncn{X

Imc≥ C_v\p J¬ZqWv Htc

kabw XXz⁄m\nbpw Ncn{X

cN\mimkv{XImc\pw (Historiog-rapher) Bbncp∂p. {]ikvX

]m›Xy FgpØpImc≥ ^nen∏v

ln‰n At±lsØ hnfn®Xv

‘G°metØbpw henb Ncn{X

Imc\mb XXzimkv{XImc≥’F∂mWv. as‰mcp apkvenw

XXzimkv{X⁄≥ C_v\p

dpjvZmWv. At±lw kzbw

imkv{X ]T\Øn¬ am{Xw

apgpInb Bfmbncp∂n√.

At±lsØ]‰n ln‰n ]dbp∂Xv

C_v\p dpjvZ v F∂

sshZyhn⁄m\nsb apgph\pw

XXz⁄m\nbpw Jp¿B≥

`mjyImc\pamb C_v\p dpjvZv

{Kkn®p If™p sh∂mWv. 1.

as‰mcp {it≤bamb

hkvXpX Fs¥∂m¬, km[mcW

°mct\mS v t]mepw Ahs‚

ssZ\wZn\ PohnX {]iv\ßƒ°

∏pdtØ°v hnimeamb

ssh⁄m\nI temIw t\m°n

°mWm≥ Jp¿B≥ Blzm\w

sNøp∂p F∂XmWv. Hcp

Aapkvenw Nn¥Is\ kw_‘n

®nStØmfw {]IrXnbn¬ \S°p

∂ \nbaßsf]‰n Hcp aX{KŸw

]dbpI F∂Xv Hcp \qX\amb

BibamWv. ]t£ Hcp apkven

ans\ kw_‘n®nStØmfw

Abmƒ Hcp sXmgnemfnbmhs´

Hcp tUmIvSdmIs´ Hcp

Znhy⁄m\nbmIs´ Abmƒ°v

Cu {]]©w Nn¥n°m\p≈

hn`hhpw {]h¿Øn°phm\p≈

IfcnbpamWv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp

∂p:

BImißfpsSbpw `qan

bpsSbpw B[n]Xyw A√mlphn

∂p≈XmWv. A√mlp F√m

Imcyßƒ°pw ]q¿Æambpw

Ignhp≈h\mIp∂p. BImiß

fpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw krjvSn

∏nepw cmhpw ]Iepw amdn amdn

hcp∂Xnepw Xo¿®bmbpw

_p≤nam∑m¿°v ]e ZrjvSm¥

ßfpap≠v. \n∂pw Ccp∂pw

InS∂pw A√mlphns\ kvacn®p

sIm≠ncn°pIbpw BImi`qan

IfpsS krjvSn∏ns\ kw_‘n®v

Nn¥n®p sIm≠ncn°pIbpw

sNøp∂hcmb (_p≤nam∑m¿)

RßfpsS \mYm!, \o CsX√mw

hy¿Yambn´√ krjvSn®Xv. \o

]cnip≤\mWv, AXn\m¬ \o

Rßsf \cI in£bn¬ \n∂pw

c£nt°Wta. (hn.Jp 3:190˛192)

hnip≤ Jp¿Bs‚ A≤ym

]\ {]Imcw {]]©Øns‚

LS\m kwhn[m\sØ°pdn®v

imkv{Xob ]T\w \SØWsa∂v

am{Xa√ D∂X \nehmcØnep≈

{]Xn`mimenIsf hf¿ØnsbSp

°Wsa∂v \n¿_‘n°pI IqSn

sNøpp∂p. AXpsIm≠mWv

{]Kev` P¿Ω≥ ]WvUnX\mb

lwt_mƒ´v ]d™Xv ‘\mw C∂v

A\p`hn°p∂ `uXnI imkv{X

Øns‚ bYm¿∞ krjvSm°fm

bn Ad_nIsfbmWv IW°m

t°≠Xv.’ imkv{X Ncn{XImc

\mb tPm¿÷v km¿´¨ Ad_v

imkv{X⁄∑m¿°v \¬Inb

D÷zeamb BZcw t\m°p.

Nu[cn A–p emw AIvX¿

teJ\w


‘8˛mw \p‰m≠ns‚ a≤yw

apX¬ 11˛mw \q‰m≠ns‚ Ahkm

\w hsc Ad_nbmbncp∂p

a\pjy kaqlØns‚ imkv{X

Ønt‚bpw ]ptcmKa\Øns‚

bpw `mj. A°meØv G‰hpw

aqeyhØmbXpw G‰hpw

A¿∞K¿`nXhpw G‰hpw auen

Ihpamb cN\Iƒ FgpXs∏´Xv

Ad_nbnembncp∂p. B \mfp

Ifn¬ Hcmƒ IqSpX¬ Adnhv

t\Sm\pw kaImeo\ ⁄m\w

B¿÷n°m\pw Ad_n ]Tnt°

≠Xp≠mbncp∂p. imkv{X

cwKØv kaÿm\ob ]Zhn

Aew¶cn°m≥ ]›na tZiØv

A°meØv Bcpan√mbncp∂p.

{]KevàXnIfmb Ad_n

hn⁄m\nIƒ NnecpsS t]cp

Iƒ Ct∏mƒ kvacn°p∂Xv

DNnXambncn°pw. Pm_ncp_v\p

løm≥, A¬ Inμn, A¬

Jmhmcnkvan , A¬ dmkn,

Xm_nØv_v\q Jp¿dp, C_v\p

bq\pkv, Aen C_v\p Cukm,

C_v\p ko\m, . . . . Io¿Øn

[mhfyw ]cØnb AXn{]ikvX

cmb ChcpsS ]ńI C\nbpw

\o´m≥ bmsXmcp {]bmkhp

an√....... a≤ymIme bqtdm∏ns‚

Ncn{XØn¬ apkvenw kvs]bn≥

ss[jWnI {]_p≤XbpsS

Xnfßp∂ A[ymbw FgpXn

tN¿°pIbp≠mbn. 8˛mw \q‰m

≠ns‚ a≤yImew apX¬ 13˛mw

\q‰m≠ns‚ BZyw hsc Ad_n

P\Xbmbncp∂p kwkv°mcØn

s‚bpw \mKcnIXbpsSbpw

Zo]inJ hln®h¿.’

as‰mcp {]apJ\pw B[n

ImcnI ùXnI imkv{X Ncn{X

Imc\pamb k¿ FtUz¿Uv

tXm¿s]bv≥ FgpXp∂p

‘kvs]bn\nse apkvenw

Jeoâmcmbncp∂ bqkp^ns‚

bpw bmJq_ns‚bpw ̀ cWØn∂v

IognemWv imkv{Xw kºq¿Æ

\miØn¬ \n∂pw c£n°s]´

Xv. tIm¿tUm_, {K\Uv, kmhn√n,

sSmentUm F∂nhnSßfnembncp

∂p ]›na bqtdm∏nse apJy

hnZymtI{μßƒ. Ahtdmkv

F∂ t]cnednbs∏´ {]Kev`

\mb apkvenw {]Xn`mimen

C_v\p dpivZn (F Un. 1126˛1193)

BWv AXn\v t\XrXzw \¬Inb

Xv . apkvenwIfmb P_¿,

Ahnsk∂ F∂nhcneqsSbmbn

cp∂p tdmP¿ t_°¿ apXemb

{]ikvXcmb {InkvXy≥

]WvUnX∑m¿ Acnkvt‰m‰nens‚

XØz imkv{X kn≤m¥ßƒ

a\ nem°nbXv.’ 4

Ncn{XcN\m imkv{Xw

(lnkvt‰mdntbm{K^n)

lnkvt‰mdntbm {K^n

F∂m¬ Ncn{XØnse hkvXpX

Iƒ Imem\p{Iaambpw Dt±iym

[njvTnXambpw FgpXpIbpw

tcs∏SpØpIbpw sNøpI

F∂mW¿∞w. kao]\Øn¬

ip≤ XXz imkv{XImc∑mtcmSv

ASpØv \n¬°p∂hcmWv

apkvenw lnkvt‰mdntbm{Kt^gvkv.

apkvenw Ncn{X cN\mimkv{X

⁄∑mcpsS Iq´Xn¬ {]mYkvac

Wobcpw AXpeycpamb aq∂v

t]cp≠v. BZytØbmƒ A_q

A¬ lk≥ Aen A¬ akvDuZn.

alm\mb {Ko°v Ncn{XImc≥

sltdmtUm´kns\t]mse Xo¿®

bmbpw At±lw Ad_nIfpsS

Ncn{XØns‚ ]nXmhmWv. ]t£

akvDuZnbpsS coXn hyXykvX

ambncp∂p. hnjbm[njvTnXambn

Ncn{XsØ kao]n°p∂ coXn

At±lamWv Is≠ØnbXv .

kw`hßsf At±lw h¿jßfp

sSbpw XnøXnIfpsSbpw ASn

ÿm\Øne√ Xcw Xncn®Xv .

hy‡nIfpsSbpw cmP]cºcIfp

sSbpw ASnÿm\Øn¬ At±lw

Ncn{XsØ Nn´s∏SpØn. Ncn{X

IY\Øn∂v kPohX hcpØp

hm≥ At±lw Ncn{X kw`hßƒ

°v D]mJym\ßfpw \¬IpIbp

≠mbn.

Akmam\ycmb a‰p c≠v

Ncn{XImc∑mcmWv C_v\p

J¬ZqWpw X_cnbpw. Ncn{XØn

emZyambn Imehÿbpw `qan

imkv{Xhpw a\pjys‚ [m¿anI

LSIßfpw tN¿∂mWv Ncn{Xw

\n¿Ωn°p∂sX∂ kn≤m¥w

C_v\p J¬Zq¨ Bhnjv°cn®p.

A{]Imcw P\h¿§ßfpsS

]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw ssiYney

Øns‚bpw \nbaw Is≠Ønb

Xpw C_v\p J¬ZqWmWv.

P\XbpsS Db¿®bpsSbpw

Xmg v®bpsSbpw bYm¿∞

ImcWw BZyambn Is≠ØnbXv

Cu_v\p J¬Zq¨ Xs∂bmWv.

X_cn temImcw`w apX¬

F. Un 915 hscbp≈ temIØn

s‚ Ncn{Xw FgpXpIbp≠mbn.

]T\Øn∂v th≠n ]Tn°pI

F∂ XXzØn¬ At±lw hnizkn

®p. At±lØns‚ Ncn{Xw

AXpsIm≠v Hcp aX imkv{Xnbp

sS Bthiap≈Xpw Hcp

\ymbm[n]s‚ kq£vabp≈Xpw

cmjv {Shn⁄m\nbpsS A¥¿

ZrjvSn {]ISamhp∂Xpambncp∂p.

X_cnbptSXv XnI®pw hn⁄m\m

t\zjWØn∂pth≠n Dgn™p

sh® PohnXambncp∂p.

Nn{XIebpw hmkvXp

in¬∏hpw

Ie F∂Xv hnhmZmXvaI

amb Hcp hnjbamWv. B[p\nI

ImeØv AXn¬ ]eXn\pw ]e

cq] ]cnWmaßfpw kw`hn®ncn

°p∂p. ]t£ C∂p hscbp≈

a\pjys‚ Nn{XcN\tbmSp≈

k¿§ hmk\ ]cnKWn°ptºmƒ

apkvenwIe `mh\bpsS ]mcay

ßƒ ssIhcn®Xmbn ImWmw.

13˛mw \p‰m≠nse ]pkvXIßƒ

{]tXyIn®pw IYm ]pkvXIß

fpw imkv{X kw_‘nbmb

]pkvXIßfpw Nn{XoIcWßƒ

sIm≠v kar≤ambncp∂p.

blvbm C_v\p alvaqZ v

A¬hkoXn (Yahya ibn Mahmud


al-Wasiti) G‰hpw {]ikvX\mb

Nn{XIemImc\mbncp∂p. At±l

Øns‚ {]XoImXvaI Nn{XoIc

Wamb ‘apJmaØn lcocn ’*BÀmZhpw {]tNmZ\hpw Htc

kabw {]Zm\w sNøp∂p.

kndnb≥ acp`qanbnse Ipfnapdn

bpsSbpw kpJ`h\ßfpsSbpw

NpacpIfn¬ heoZ v (F.Un.

705˛715) s‚ ImeØv hc°s∏´

Npa¿Nn{Xßfpw (Murals) bkoZv

\n¿Ωn® {]ikvXamb Iksd

Aavd v `nØnbpw AXoh

at\mlcamb Nn{Xßsfs°m≠v

AewIrXambncp∂p. AØcØn

ep≈ Nph¿ Nn{Xßfmbncp∂p

Dahn JeoâmcpsS Iognembncp

∂ Cdm\nepw CuPn]vXnepw

I≠ncp∂Xv.

temIw I≠Xn¬ sht®‰

hpw \√ Nn{XIe Bhnjv°cn

°s∏´Xv apKf∑mcpsS Iognembn

cp∂p. B{Kbnse cmPIob

{KŸmebØn¬ 24,000 ssIsø

gpØp {]XnIƒ kq£n°s∏ń

cp∂p. AXne[nIhpw Nn{XoIc

Wap≈hbmbncp∂p. PmeIßƒ

tIm´bpsS am¿_nfpIfnse

h¿ÆNm¿ØpIƒ°pw ]pdsa

sIm´mcßfpw Ipw`tKm]pcßfpw

an°Xpw I√nsegpXnb IhnX

t]mse at\mlcambncp∂p.

apKƒ ImeL´Ønse hmkvXp

in¬∏Ie {]tXyIw Hcp hnjbw

Xs∂bmWv. apKƒ hmkvXp

in¬∏Iebn¬ XmgnI IpSßƒ

°pw Iam\ßƒ°pw \¬Inb

{]m[m\yw {it≤bamWv. Cu

\n¿ΩmWIebnse s]mXp

ssienbmWv ]n∂oSv CkvemanI

hmkvXp in¬∏Iem coXnbmbn

amdnbXv. Glories of Islam F∂

{KŸØn¬ Architectual style ofMuslim F∂ A≤ymbØn¬

Noor Ahmed FgpXp∂p.

‘Ipc ni pb p≤tØmsS

apkvenw {InkvXy≥ hmkvXp

in¬∏Ie an{iWw sNøs∏´p.

AXv Ct∏mƒ kv]m\njv ssien

F∂mWdnbs∏Sp∂Xv. kv]m\n

jv `mjbn¬ \nch[n Ad_n

hm°pIƒ Ct∏mgpw \ne\n¬°p

∂p F∂ hkvXpX Xs∂

kv]m\njv \n¿ΩnXnIfpsS

Ad_n aqew sXfnbn°p\p.

IpXncemSØns‚ BIrXnbnep

≈ B¿®pcq]ßƒ°v Ct∏mgpw

aqdnjv B¿®v F∂mWv ]dbp∂

X.v apkvenw hmkvXp in¬]w

]Sn™mdv tZiØv Adnbs∏Sp∂

Xv Aßs\bmWv. ]Xnaq∂pw

]Xn\mepw \q‰m≠pIfn¬

ss{IkvXh apkvenw \mSpIfn¬

hmkvXp in¬] IemcwKØv Ccp

kwkvImcßfpw At\ym\yw

hºn® tXmXn¬ kzm[o\n°

s∏SpIbp≠mbn h{I coXnbn¬

h¿Æ Nm¿Øp≈ Iam\ßfpw

(Cusped Arc) hmXnepIƒ°pw

P\meIƒ°pw IgIfpw Xme

ßfpw sIm≠p≈ ]WnØc

ßƒ (Bar Tracery, Plate Tracery)]›na \mSpIƒ Cßs\ \nch

[n hmkvXp in¬] LS\Iƒ

CkvemanItemIØv \n∂pw

kzoIcn°pIbp≠mbn. ]meØn

s‚ XqWpIƒ, AewIrXamb

sImØfßƒ, sImØp]WnIƒ,

tcJm¶nXamb ]qapJßƒ,

teml{Kn√pIƒ, \n¿ΩmW

LS\bnse PmanXob cq]ßƒ,

apXemb hmkvXp in¬]Iem

cwKsØ emhWymXvaIamb

\nch[n LSIßƒ A°meL´

ßfn¬ kΩn{iam°s∏´p. 5

{]`mjWIebpw

kwKoXhpw

Ckvemans‚ BZyImeØv

]≈nbmbncp∂p kp{][m\amb

{]Jym]\ßfpsSbpw A≤ym]\

ßfpsSbpw N¿®IfpsSbpw

tI{μw. ChnsS \n∂mWv {]`mj

W IebpsS Bcw`w Ipdn®Xv.

hcsamgntb°mƒ hmbvsamgn

hg°Øn\v {]m[m\yw \¬In

sIm≠p≈ kmlnXycq]w C°me

Øv ]pjvSns∏SpIbp≠mbn.

s]mXp {]`mjW Iesb ]‰n

]dbptºmƒ AXn\v Bcw`w

Ipdn®Xv Dahnøm ImeL´Øn

emsW∂v ^nen∏v ln‰n ]dbp∂p.

ho≠pw \ap°v At±lsØ

D≤cn°mw.

‘Hcp P\d¬ Xs‚ ]´mf

°m¿°v Bthiw ]Icp∂

XcØn¬ s]mXpP\ßƒ

ktΩfn°p∂ sh≈nbmg v®

D®t\sØ \akv°mcØnse

{]`mjWw JØo_v Hcp

D]IcWam°n am‰n. {]mtZinI

Kh¿Æ¿am¿ XßfpsS {]PIfn

¬ kzcmPy kvt\lw hf¿Øm≥

AXv D]m[nbm°n. {]mk\n_≤

hpw hnthIw Xpfpºp∂Xpamb

AXyp∂X [m¿anIX ]pe¿Ønb

AenbpsS {]`mjWw, Jeo^

Dadp_n\p A–n¬ Akokns‚

km∂n≤yØn¬ kq^n hcy\mb

lk\p¬ _kcn \SØnb

{]`mjWw apXembh ]n¬°me

PohNcn{XImc∑m¿ tcJs∏SpØn

bn´p≠v. ssk\nI ta[mhnbmbn

cp∂ XmcoJv_v\p knbmZns‚

tZim`nam\ `cnXamb D÷ze

{]kwKw, AKv\nkv^pcWw

amdp∂ l√Pns‚ hmKvt[mcWn

CsX√mw Xs∂ B ImeL´w

\ap°v ssIamdnb Aaqeyßfm

b kmlnXy \n[nIfmWv. 6

BZyIme apkvenwIƒ°nS

bn¬ hmKvanXz ssh`hØns‚

{]XnÌsf Is≠Øm≥ A≤zm\n

t°≠ {]iv\w Xs∂bn√.

A{Xb[nIw {]`mjI ]Sp°ƒ

apk ve n wIf ne p≠mbnc p∂p .

BZyIme apkvenw Ncn{Xw Iem]

IepjnXhpw AKv\n ]co£W

ßfm¬ kwL¿j ̀ cnXhpw bp≤

\ncXhpambncp∂p. F√m Hmtcm

apkvenw `S∑mcpw Hmtcm {]`mj

I∑mcmbncp∂p. bp≤mhiyßƒ

°v th≠n ]´mfØn¬ Bsf

tN¿°p∂ kμ¿`ßfn¬ Hmtcm

`St‚bpw Bthi `cnXamb

{]kwKßƒ Bbnc°W°n∂v

kv{XoIfS°w ]´WØntebpw

\KcØnsebpw P\X apgph≥


hnPbØn\mbn bp≤ap∂Wn

bnte°v \oßpambncp∂p.

kwKoXØns‚ Ncn{Xhpw

adn®√. {]Kev`\mb XXzimkv{X

hnimcZ≥ A¬ ^dm_n((872-950/

951) alm\mb Hcp kwKoX⁄≥

IqSnbmbncp∂p. At±lw FgpXn

b InØm_p¬ aukn°v A¬

I_o¿ ayqkn°ns\ kw_‘n

®v 17˛mw \q‰m≠phsc B[nImcnI

{KŸambn Adnbs∏´p. F¶nepw

C∂sØ t]mse kwKoXw Hcp

{]^j\mbn kzoIcn®ncp∂h¿

D≠mbncp∂p F∂v IcpXp∂Xv

icnb√. kmlnXymkzmZ\Øn∂v

Hcp klmbn F∂ \nebnembncp

∂p kwKoXØn∂v ÿm\w \¬I

s∏ńcp∂Xv. B[p\nI ImeØv

kpIpamcIeIƒ°v {]tXyI

imJIfmbn ]e ]ncnhpIfpap

≠mbn´p≠v. F∂m¬ CkvemanI

kwkvImcØns‚ {]apJ Ime

L´Øn¬ Cu IeIsf√mw

ka{Kamb a\pjy PohnXØns‚

[z\n kv]μ\ambn Xo¿∂p.

hnip≤ Jp¿B\nse ]e

hcnIƒ°pw kzX n≤hpw

AXoh lrZyhpamb kwKoX

km{μXbpw {]mk\njvTbpw

D≠mbncp∂p. AXns‚ hnip≤

hN\ßƒ D®Øn¬ ]cmbWw

sNøs∏Sptºmƒ AXns‚

kzceb kwKoXw BXvamhns‚

I¿Æ]pSßsf {]IºnXam°pw.

kwkvImchpw

klnjvWpXbpw:

CkvemanI kao]\w

kwkvImcw F∂m¬

a\ ns‚ hf¿®bmWv. ]t£

AXv Nne¿ IcpXp∂Xv t]mse

Hcp a\ ns‚ hf¿®b√.

hnssizIamb aqeyßfpsS

km£mXv°mcØn\v th≠nbp≈

a\pjy kaqlØns‚ BIam\

hf¿®bmWv. am¿aUyq°v

]nIvØmƒ CkvemanI kwkvImc

sØ Ipdn®v ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI.

‘Ckvemans‚ t\´ßfmbn

AhXcn∏n°p∂ almbp≤ßfm

Is´ kam[m\amIs´ AXns\

°msf√mw D]cnbmbn Ckveman

∂v D∂Xamb e£yhpw hnime

amb Hcp Img vN]mSpap≠v.

km¿ΔP\o\amb hnizkmtlmZ

cyØn¬ Ipd™sXm∂pw Xs∂

Ckvemw e£yambn°cpXp∂n√.

imkv{X cwKw, Ie, kmlnXyw,

F∂o cwKßfn¬ Ckvemw

ssIhcn® t\´ßƒ c≠mbn

Xcw Xncn°mw. CXn¬ H∂v

klmbIambXv as‰m∂v B\μ

ZmbIambXpw. IhnXbpw

hmkvXp in¬∏hpw t]msebp≈

Cu c≠nepw s]Sp∂hbmWv.

AsX√mw Xs∂ Hcp t\Xmhns\

bmWv Xncn®dn™Xv. Hcp am¿§

Z¿i\amWv kzoIcn®Xv. Hcp

e£yØnte°mWv \oßnbXv.

AXns‚sb√mw t\Xmhv {]hmN

I\mbncp∂p(k). am¿§Z¿i\w

hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw e£yw

A√mlphpambncp∂p.’8

Ckvemw am\hcminbpsS

{]Imi ]q¿Æamb `mhnsb]‰n

t\m°n°mWpIbpw AXn∂v

th≠n {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp

∂p. AXn\mbn GsXmcp apk¬

am\pw Xs‚ PohnXw XrWh¬K

Wn®psIm≠v A√mlphns‚

am¿§Øn¬ ka¿∏n°pIbmWv

th≠Xv. at‰sXmcp e£yØn∂v

th≠nbpw Xs‚ PohnXw

ka¿∏n°phm≥ Hcp apkvenw

B{Kln°cpXv. B k¿ΔtemI

]cn]meI\mb ssZhw a‰p

bmsXmcp i‡nbpsSbpw

]¶mfnØan√msX Cu temIw

]cn]men°p∂ ssZhw. Ckveman

s‚ Bibw temIØn\v Ifsam

cp°p∂Xpw F√m Iemcq]ß

ƒ°pw {]tNmZ\atI≠Xpw Cu

k¶¬∏ ka¿∏WØn¬ \n∂m

bncn°Ww. Cu ùXnI temI

Øns‚ D]cnbmb e£yßfmbn

cn°Ww Hcp apkvenans‚

Bibßsf cq]s∏SptØ≠Xv.

Ah≥ temIP\XbpsS s]mXp

t£aØn∂v th≠n {]h¿Øn°p

∂h\mbncn°Ww. hmkvXhØn

¬ Cu ASpØImeØv am{X

amWv kwkvImcsØ kw_‘n®

Cu e£yßƒ ]m›mXysc

kzm[o\n®Xv. CXv kw_‘n®v

amXyp B¿t\mƒUv AkμnKvZ

amb `mjbn¬ ]dbp∂p:

‘kwkvImcw F∂Xv

anjWdn {]h¿Ø\Øn\∏pd

ØmWv. AXn∂v Hcp hnImcw

am{X tabp≈q. {]^p√hpw

{]ImihØmbXpamb H∂n∂v

th≠nbp≈Xmbncp∂p B

hnImcw. AhcpsS alØmb

Cu A`n\nthiambncp∂p

Ahsc \ne\n¿ØnbXv. \msa√m

hcpw kºq¿Øn ssIhcn®hcm

bn Xocp∂Xv hsc Ah¿

Xr]vXcmbncp∂n√. Npcp°w

t]cn¬ am{Xw Cu {]^p√Xbpw

{]Imihpw FØpI F∂Xv

t]mcmbvabmbn Ah¿ I≠p.

am\h hwiØn∂v BkIew

Cu {]^p√Xbpw {]Imihpw

kv]¿in°msX Hcp hn`mKw

AkwkvIrXhpw A{]IminXcp

ambn Ignbpt∂StØmfw

kwkv°mcw A]q¿Æambncn

°pw F∂v Ah¿ I≠p.’8

Ckvemw aXw Du∂¬

\¬InbXv t]mse as‰mcp aXhpw

a\pjy kmtlmZcyØn∂v

Du∂¬ \¬Inbnń√. am\h

kmtlmZcyØns‚ alØmb Cu

ktμiw \¬InbXv Ckvemw

am{XamWv. lnμp aXsØ Cu

hnizkmtlmZcy k¶¬∏Øn¬

\n∂pw XS™v \n¿Øp∂Xv

Ahcnse PmXn t{iWo k¶¬∏

amWv. ‘ImWmsX t]mb Bń≥

tKm{Xßƒ°nSbnte°√msX

Fs∂ Ab°s∏ńń√.’9 F∂

{InkvXp hN\hpw Cu km¿Δ

P\o\ k¶¬∏sØ ]cnanXs∏Sp

Øp∂p. Ckvemw am{XamWv Cu

hnizkmtlmZcy k¶¬∏w

tijw t]Pv 42 ¬


`qan-bn¬ a\pjys‚ `mhn

a\pjy≥ `mhnbn¬ `qanbn¬ Xs∂ IqSpX¬ kwthZi‡nbpw

ss[jWnItijnbpap≈ ]pXnbXcw icocLS\bp≈ Pohnbmbn

cq]m¥cs∏Spsa∂Xn∂v hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ kqN\ Ifp≠v. ̀ mhnbn¬

a\pjy∂v ta¬ kw`hn°p∂ Akm[mcWhpw AXnibIchpamb

Cu ]cma¿iw hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ am{Xta ImWp∂p≈q.

imkv{XtemIwt]mepw Bhnjbw N¿®s°SpØnń√.

a\p-jy≥, ]cn-Wma hnIm-

k-Øns‚ A¥n -a -L-´ -sØ-

bmtWm {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂Xv?

tlmtam-km-]n-b≥kn (-a-\p-jy≥)

¬ \n∂v ]pXnb Pohn-Iƒ Dcp-Øn-

cn™p hcm -\p≈ km[y -X -

bpt≠m? a\p-jys‚ \ne-hn-ep≈

kwth-Z-t\-{μn-b-ß-fpsS {Kmly-

i‡n sa®-s∏ -SpØns°m≠v

]pXnb am\-ßƒ (Dimensions){Kln®v D∂-X-\mb Hcp ss[j-

WnI Pohn -bmbn hnI-kn -°p-

Itbm As√-¶n¬ ]pXnb kwth-

Zt\{μn -b-ßƒ Iqń -tN¿tØm

]pXnb Pohn h¿§w a\p-jy-\n¬

\n∂v (tlm-tam -km -]n -b≥kv)

Bhn¿` -hn -°m≥ km[y -X -

bpt≠m? am{X -a√ Aßs\

Bhn¿` -hn -°p∂ Pohn h¿§-

Øn\v XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb

cq]hpw BIr-Xn-bp-ap-≠m-hptam?

AXn\v XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb

LS\m cq]-am-bn-cn-°ptam D≠m-

hpI? Fs‚ Adn -hn¬s∏ń -S -

tØmfw Ckvemw aX-a -√msX

as‰mcp aXhpw CØcw Imcy-

ßƒ N¿®°v hnj-b-am-°n-bn-ń-√.

]g-b-Im-esØ XØz-⁄m-

\n-Itfbpw, ]fin-X≥am-tcbpw

lZvdØv an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZv (dlv)

kw_-‘n®nStØmfw CsX√mw

Ah-cpsS ss[j-WnI afi-e-

Øn\v ]pd-Øp≈ hnj-b-ß-fm-Wv.

B[p-\nI imkv{Xw t]mepw Cu

hnjbw hfsc Ahy-‡-am-bn -

´mWv N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu km[y-

X-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Kuc-h-X-

c -amb Hcp coXnimkv{Xhpw

]fin-tXm-Nn-X-ambn hnI-kn-®n-ń-

√.

hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ A¤p-

X-I-c -amb sshin-jvSy -sa -¥m-

sW∂v sh®m¬ Jp¿-B≥ AØ-

c-Øn-ep-≈ tNmZy-ßƒ Db¿Øp-

Ibpw AXn\v ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p F∂XmWv.

ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn -

®p≈hnj-b-ßƒ hyXy-kvX-amb

H∂m-Wv. AXv F√m {][m\ aX-

ßfpw ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb coXn-bn¬

N¿® sNbvXn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬, a‰p

aX-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ km¶¬]n-

I-am -bn´p t]mepw A¥y-Zn -\ -

Øn\p aptºtbm AXn\v

tijtam `qan-bn¬ Bhn¿`-hn-

°p∂ a‰v Pohn-cq-]-ßsf]‰n {]Xn-

]m-Zn®nń√.

AXp-]-d-bp-tºmƒ hmb-\-

°m-c≥ Hm¿Øn-cn-°-W-sa∂v \mw

A`y¿∞n-°p∂ Imcy-w, a‰p aX-

{K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw A¥yZn-\sØ ]‰n-

bp≈ {]Xn-]m-Z-\ßƒ ImWmw

F∂XmWv. F∂m¬, Jp¿-B≥

A¥y-Zn-\sØ∏‰n D]-tbm-Kn®

kmt¶-XnI ]Zw IqSp-X¬ hnim-

ehpw hyXy-kvX-hp-am-Wv. Jp¿-B-

\n¬ \nc-h[n {]hN\ß-fp-≠v.

Ah-bn¬ NneXv `mhnbn¬ kw`-

hn-°p∂ hfsc \n¿Æm-b-I-amb

hnπ-h-ßfpw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-am-

Wv. Ch-s°√mw Xs∂ ‘A¬Jn-

bma’ F∂ kw⁄ Xs∂-bmWv

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. As√-¶n¬

AXns‚ ]cym-b-amb ‘Akvkm

Ax’ F∂ ]Zhpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-

≠v. Cu c≠v kw⁄-I-fp-tSbpw

A¿∞w GI-tZiw H∂p Xs∂.

A¥y-\m-fn ( -Jn-bm-aw-˛Doomsday)s‚ {]I-S-\-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn-em-

Wv Cu c≠v ]Z-ßfpw s]mXpsh

a\ nem-°-s∏-Sp -∂-Xv. a\pjy

kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ samØw Ah-

km-\w F∂ \ne°mWv A¥y-Zn-

\ -sØ-]‰nbp≈ {]Xn -]m -Z -\ -

ßfn¬ ImWp∂Xv. a‰p aXßfpw

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

teJ\w


Cu aX-ß-fpsS A\p-bm-bn-

Iƒ s]mXpsh A¥y-Zn -\sØ

hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv {]]-©-Øns‚

Xs∂ A¥yw F∂mWv. hnip≤

Jp¿-B≥ Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-S-

sØ√mw Cu A¿∞-a√ hnh-£n-

®n-́ p-≈-Xv. Jp¿-Bs\ kw_-‘n-®n-

S-tØmfw hnim-e-amb Cu {]]-

©-Ønse hfsc \n m-c-amb Hcp

`mKw am{X-amWv ̀ qan. ̀ qtKmfamk-

Iew _m[n-°p∂ Hcp `oa≥ ]cn-

h¿Ø\w hºn® \miw hcpØn

sht®°mw. `qap -JØv \n∂v

kIe Poh-Pm-e-ß-tfbpw AXv

XpS®p \o°p-∂p. F¶nepw AXv

`qtKm-f-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-\m-i-am-

sWt∂m apgp-h≥ {]]-©-Øn-

t‚bpw \mi-am-sWt∂m ]d-bm≥

km[y-a-√. IqSp-X¬ apt∂m´p

t]mIp-∂-Xn\v aptº a\p-jys‚

`mhn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Jp¿-B-

\nI ho£W {]Im-c-ap≈ Hcp

cq]-tcJ ka¿∏n-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-

∂p. ̀ q-an-bntem As√-¶n¬ at‰-sX-

¶nepw `uXnI temI-ß-fntem

a\p-jys‚ `mhn-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´v Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ N¿®

sNøp∂ Imcy-ß-fp-tS-Xm-Wv B

cq]-tc-J. Jnbm-a-Øn\v tijw Cu

temIØv Xs∂ `mhn-bn¬ kw`-

hn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂ ]e Imcy-ßsf

kw_-‘n®pw hnh-cn-°p∂ hN-\-

ßƒ Jp¿-B-\n-ep-≠v. CØcw Jp¿-

B-\nI hN-\-ßƒ ac-Wm-\-¥cw

a\p-jy\v ]pXnb Hcp PohnXw

\¬In ]c-tem-IØv Dbn¿sØ-gp-

t∂¬°p-∂-Xns\ w_-‘n-

®p-≈-X-√. AXn¬ \n∂v ̀ n∂-ambn

a\p-jys‚ cq]am‰sØ kw_-

‘n®p≈-Xm-Wv. Jnbmaw \mfn\p

tij-ap≈ `mhn ImesØIpdn®v

(`qan-bn¬ Xs∂-bp≈ ̀ mhn-Im-ew)

]d-bp∂ hN-\-ßƒ Jp¿-B-\n-ep-

≠v. AXv hy‡-ambpw a\p-jy-t\-

°mƒ D∂-X-\mb Hcp Pohn-h¿§w

Bhn¿`-hn-°p∂ ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚

XpS¿®sb Ipdn-®mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Ah-km\w ]d™ Cu ]cn-Wma

k¶¬]w BZyw ]d™ ac-Wm-

¥c Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-hp∂ Dbn¿

sØ-gp-t∂¬∏ns\ ∏‰n-b-√. c≠v

k¶¬]-ßfpw IqSn -Ip -g™p

t]mIp -Itbm _‘-s∏SpØn

Bi-b-°p -g -∏ -ap -≠m-hp -Itbm

sNø-cp-Xv.

ac-Wm\¥c Pohn-X-sØ-

°p-dn -®p≈ ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂v

\ap°v Bcw-`n-°mw. `qan-bn¬

Xs∂ XnI®pw hn`n-∂-amb Hcp

ss[j-WnI PohnXw \bn-°p∂

Hcp ]pXnbPohn -cq -] -Øns‚

km[y-X-Isf ]‰nbp≈ N¿®-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amWv ac-

Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

N¿®. ac-Wm-\¥c Pohn-X-sØ-

°p-dn-®p≈ hN-\-ßƒ ]c-temI

PohnXw F∂ Bi-b-sØ-°p-dn®v

kwi bw D∂-bn-°p-∂-hsc A`n-

kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠p-≈-

Xm-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ Ahsc Hm¿Ωn-∏n-

°p-∂Xv ac-Wm\-¥-c-ap≈ ]c-

temI Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v kwi-bm-

ep-°-fm-hp∂ Ah¿ AXn-t\-°m-fp-

]-cn-bmbn Ah-cpsS `qan-bn-ep≈

AkvXn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v Xs∂ kwi-

bm-ep-°-fm-th-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p F∂m-

Wv. AØcw kwi-bm-ep-°ƒ°v

\n›-b-ambpw Adn-bm-hp∂ Hcp

Imcyw Ah¿ iq\y-amb Hc-h-ÿ-

bn¬ \n∂v AkvXn-Xz-Øn-te°v

h∂-h-cm -sW-∂-Xm -Wv . Ah¿

AkvXn-Xz-Øn-te°v hcp-∂-Xn\p

aptº H∂p-an-√mbva Bbn-cp-∂p.

H∂p-an-√m-bva-bn¬ \n∂v Ahsc

krjvSn-®n-cns° ChnsS Fs¥-

¶nepw D≈ Ah-ÿ-bn¬, AXn¬

\n∂v ho≠pw krjvSn°s∏Sp-

sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ F¥n-\m-W-h¿

kwi-bn -°p -∂-X v . Ah-cpsS

AkvXnXzw ChnsS Ct∏mƒ D≠m-

bn-cns° AXn¬ \n∂v ]p\¿P\n-

°pw F∂ {]tabw H∂p-an-√m-bva-

bn¬ \n∂v krjvSn°pI F∂

{]ta -b -tØ-°mƒ F{Xtbm

bp‡n-]-c-am-Wv. ac-Wm-¥c Pohn-

X-sØ-°p-dn®v kwi-bn-°p-∂-hsc

A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sIm≠v

Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂ \nc-h[n hN-\-

ß-fnse {]Xn-]m-Zy-am-Wn-Xv. AXn\v

]pdsa Cu hN-\-ßƒ IqSp-X¬

Kth-j-W-Øn-\m-bp≈ hmXn-ep-Iƒ

Xpd∂p Xcn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v. Cu

hmZ-apJw kzbw Xs∂ ac-Wm-

\¥c Pohn-X-Øns‚ bmYm ¿∞yw

sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xmbn A¿∞-am-°p-

∂n-√. ktμ-l-hmZw \oXn-I-cn-°-s∏-

Sp -∂Xv icn -b√ F∂ sXfnhv

\¬IpI am{X-am-Wv AXp-sIm≠v

A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. as‰mcp Imcyw

IqSn a\p-jys\ Jp¿-B≥ Hm¿Ωn-

∏n -°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW-∂m¬ a\p-

jy≥ B¿÷n-°p∂ t_m[-

Øns‚ D∂X Xew Ahs\kw_-

‘n-®-nS-tØmfw A‘-Im--c-tØ-

°mƒ {]Im-i-Øns‚ t{kmX v

Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv. ]cn-k-c-sØ-

∏‰nbpw AXn -\ -∏p -d -Øp -≈-

Xns\°pdn -®p -ap≈ Ahs‚

Adnhv {kjvSm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v Ah-

\n¬ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn -°p-

Ibpw B¿°p t\sc-bmtWm

Ahs‚ inckv HuX≤y-tØmsS

Db¿∂Xv AXv ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNøpw. a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øn¬

hniz-kn-®mepw Ahs‚ A¤p-X-

tØmSp IqSnb Aºc-∏n¬ \n∂v

ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈

\ntj[w Db¿∂p hcpw. AXv

kXy-tØ-°mƒ A¤p-X-I-c-amb

H∂m-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ahs‚

BZysØ krjvSn Xs∂ c≠m-

asØ krjvSn-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬

A¤p-X-I-chpw Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-hp-

-am-Wv.

Cu \nK-a-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v FØn-

t®-cm-hp∂ hmZ-ß-fn-te°v \ap°v

Xncn-bmw. Jp¿-Bs‚ BZysØ

{]Jym-]-\-sa-s¥-∂m¬ `qan-bnse

Hcp a\p -jy\pw ac -Wm-\ -¥c

Pohn-X-Øn\v t\cn´v km£n-I-fm-

hm≥ km[y-a-√ F∂XmWv. a\p-

jy-s‚- `q-an-bnse Pohn-X-Øn¬

\n∂p-sIm≠v ac-Wm-\¥c Pohn-

XsØ t\m°n-Im-Wp-tºmƒ AXv

ip≤-iq -\y -X -b-√msX as‰mcp

Img vNbpw \¬Ip -∂n -√. a\p -

jys‚ hnth-I-⁄m-\sØ∏‰n

Hm¿°p-I. Ah≥ kzbw Xs∂


iq\y-X-bn¬ \n∂mWv P\n -®-

sX∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. AXn-s\-

Xnsc Ahn-izm-k-Øns‚ Hcp ]pcn-

I-s°mSn t]mepw Ah≥ Db¿Øp-

∂n -√. F∂m¬, Ah≥ ac-W-

Øn\v tijw ho≠pw Db¿Ø-s∏-

Sp-sa∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Cu A`n-

{]m-bsØ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ah≥

Iq´m-°p-∂n-√. AXv ip≤ Akw-

_-‘hpw hnh-c-t°-Sp-am-sW∂v

]d™v X≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

CXnse Xmc-Xayw AXoh i‡-

ß-fm-Wv. Cu hmZ-ap -J-Ønse

i‡n a\- n-em-°m≥ Hcp alm-

\mb XØz-⁄m-\n-bpsS Bh-iy-

sam∂pan√.ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-

sØ-°p-dn®v a\p-jys‚ \ntj-[-

Øn-s\-Xnsc km£yw hln-°m≥

Ah-t\-°mƒ DØ-a-\m-sbmcp

km£n thsd -bn -√. hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ Cu hnjbw

ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmƒ hfsc

kq£va-ambpw {lkz-ambpw Ahn-

izm-kn-I-fpsS ho£Ww hy‡-

amb coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

AXn\v tijw AhcpsS

ho£WsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-

∂Xv AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ {]k-‡-

amb Nne hN-\-ß-fm-Wv.

“Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p: CXv \ΩpsS

sFlnI PohnXw am{X-am-Wv. \mw

(ChnsS) acn-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Imew am{X-

amWv \sΩ \in -∏n -°p -∂Xv .

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah¿°-Xn-s\-

°p-dn®v Hc-dn-hp-an-√. Ah¿ Duln-

°pI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv.”(45:25)

“\nßƒ acn®v aÆpw Aÿn-I-

fp-ambn Xo¿∂m¬ (]n-t∂bpw

\nßsf Pohn-∏n-®v) ]pd-tØ°v

sIm≠p hcp-sa-∂mtWm Ah≥

\nßƒ°v hmKvZm\w \¬Ip-∂-

Xv. hnZqcw, \nß-tfmSv hmKvZØw

sNø-s∏-Sp -∂Xv (k-Xy -Øn¬

\n∂v) hfsc hnZqcw. Pohn-X-sa-

∂Xv \ΩpsS Ct∏mgsØ

PohnXa√msX as‰m∂p an√.

\ap°v Poh\p≠mbncp ∂n√

(Ct∏mƒ) \ap°v Poh\p≠v,

]t£ \mw ]p\cp∞m\w

sNøs∏ Sp∂hc√ Xs∂.” (23:36˛38)

“ a\p-jy¿ ]d-bp-∂p. Rm≥

acn®p I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ Fs∂

Poh-t\msS ]pdØp sIm≠p

hcp-sat∂m.” (19: 67)“ac-W-a -S -bp -∂-hsc A√mlp

]p\-cp-∞m\w sNøp-I-bn-s√∂v

Ah¿ A√m -lp -hns\

ap≥\ndpØn ZrV-{] -Xn⁄

sNøp-∂p. Aß-s\-b√, Ah\v

(\n-d-th-‰m≥ _m[y-X-bp≈ kXy-

amb) hmKvZm-\-am-W-Xv. ]t£

a\p-jy-cn¬ A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw

Adn-bp-∂n-√. (A√mlp Ahsc

]p\-cp -∞m\w sNøn-°p-∂p.)

Ah¿ GXv Imcy-Øn¬ `n∂n ®p

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂pthm AXns‚

bmYm¿∞yw Ah¿°v hy‡-

am°n s°mSp-°m\pw Ahn-izm-

kn-Iƒ Xßƒ Ifhv ]d-bp-∂-h-

cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw

th≠n.”(16:39 ,40)

“\ap°v Ah≥ Hcp D]a

FSpØp ImWn -°p -Ibpw

Ahs‚ krjvSn-∏ns\ Ah≥ ad-

°p -Ibpw sNbvXn -c n -°p -∂p.

Aÿn-Iƒ {Zhn-®n-cns° Bcm-W-

hsb Pohn-∏n -°pI F∂-h≥

tNmZn-°p∂p.”(36:76)“At∏mƒ BZysØ krjvSn∏p-

sIm≠v (X-s∂) \mw £oWn®p

t]mtbm? C√. ]t£, Ah¿

]pXnb krjvSn sb kw_-‘n®v

Bi-b-°p-g-∏-Øn-emWv. ”(50: 16)“ Rßƒ acn®p aÆpw Aÿn-

I-fp-am-bn-°-gn -™m¬ Rßƒ

]p\-cp-∞m\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-h-

cmtWm F∂-h¿ tNmZn-°m-dp-

≠m -bn -c p -∂p . RßfpsS

]q¿Δ] nXm - °fp w Fg p -

t∂¬∏n-°-s∏-Sptam F∂pw?”(56:48)

“\nßƒ°n-S-bn¬ acWw hn[n-

®Xv \mam-Wv. \mw AXn¬ ]cmP

bs∏Sp∂h\√ Xm\pw. \nß-

fpsS cq]-ßfn¬ BsI \mw

am‰w hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw \nß ƒ

Adn -bmØ Ah-ÿ-bn -te°v

\nßsf ]cnWan ∏n°p-∂-Xn-\pw.

BZy sØ krjvSn∏n¬ \nßƒ

F ß s \ b m W v

D b n ¿ s Ø g p t ∂ ‰ X v

F∂Xns\°p-dn®v Xo¿®-bmbpw

\nßƒ Adn™p Ign-™n-´p-≠v.

F∂n -c ns° F¥p -sIm≠v

\nßƒ Nn¥n °p∂n√. ”(56:61,62,63)

Cßs\ ]ctemIsØ kw_‘n

®v a\ nem°m≥ Jp¿B≥

a\pjy\v Ffp∏am¿§w ImWn°p

∂p. F∂m¬ hmZw AXv am{Xa√.

“\ nß - sf - √ m -h - t cb p w

krjvSn-°p-∂Xpw ]p\-cp-∞m\w

sNøn°p-∂Xpw Hscm-‰ -bmsf

(kr-jvSn-°p-∂Xpw ]p\-cp-∞m\w

sNøn°p-∂-Xpw) t]mse am{X-am-

Wv . \n›-b-ambpw A√mlp

hfsc tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw F√mw

ImWp-∂-h-\p-am-Wv.” (31:29)

]p\-cp -∞m\ {]Xn-`mkw

Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-tSbpw P\\{]Xn-

`m-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

_oPhpw Afihpw XΩn¬ k¶-

en -X -amb {`qWm -h -ÿ-bn¬

AXns‚ Ah-km\ L´-Ønse

D¬]-∂-sØ-] -‰n Hcmƒ°v

k¶¬]n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. AXm-

bXv B k¶enX _oPw ]q¿Æ

hf¿®-sb-Ønb inip -

hmbnØocp-sa∂v hniz-kn-°m≥

km[y-a-√. _oP-k-¶-e\w sNø-

s∏´ AXn\n m-c-amb B {`qW-

Øn¬ \n∂v H≥]Xv amk-ßƒ°v

tijw {]k-hn -°p -tºmƒ

ssIøpw Imep-an-´-Sn-°p∂ Hcp

a\pjy inip-hn-te-°p≈ alm-]-

cn-h¿Ø\w B¿°pw hniz-kn-

°m≥ km[y-a-√. CØcw Hcp ]cn-

h¿Ø-\-Øn\v km£yw hln-®n-

´n-√mØ Hcp \nco-£-I\v BZy-L-

´ -Ønse k¶-enX {`qWsØ

am{Xw I≠p-sIm≠v F¥mWv

kw -̀hn-°pI F∂v k¶¬]n-°m≥


km[y-a -√. ac-Wm-\¥c Pohn -

Xhpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ AXv-`p-X-I-

c-amb Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. H∂p-an-

√m-bva-tbmfw FØn-\n¬°p∂

Hc-kvXn-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂v Pohs‚

D∂-X- cq]Øn¬ hnI-kn-X-amb

Hcp kwL-SnX Ahÿbn-te°v

cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SpI F∂Xv A¤p-X-

Ic-amb Hcp Imcyw Xs∂-bm-Wv.

tIhew Hcp ssPh

bqWn‰v F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ a\p-

jys‚ D¤-hhpw Ah\v Bbn-

Øo-tc≠ AkvXn-Xzhpw XΩn-

ep≈ hyXymkw hnkva-b-I-c-amb

H∂m-Wv. a\p-jys‚ {]mY-anI

ssPh-cq --] -ßƒ°v DNn -X -amb

kwth-Zt\{μnb-ßƒ \¬In-bm¬

t]mepw, a\p-jy-\n¬ Ah-km-\n-

°p∂ ]cn -Wm-a -Øns‚ `mhn

ImWp-hm≥ km[y-am-hn-√. a\p-

jys‚ B {]mY-anI L´-Øn¬

Ah≥ Bcm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xns\

]‰n Ah\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ t_m[w

hfsc \n m-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jy-

\p-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn ]d-bp-

tºmƒ AXv t_m[-amtWm F∂v

]d-bm≥ t]mepw Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w

hfsc \n m-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXv

XpS°w apX¬ HSp°w hsc apgp-

h≥ ]cn -Wm -a -L-´ -ß-sfbpw

Dƒs°m-≈p∂ {lkzhpw AtX-

k-abw hfsc Zo¿L-ho-£-W-hp-

ap≈ AXy-Km-[amb Hcp {]kvXm-

h-\-bmWv. CXv Xcp∂ ktμ-i-sa-

s¥-∂m¬ \nß-fpsS Ct∏m-gsØ

AkvXn-Xz -Øns‚ Ah-ÿbpw

ac -W-tijw Dbn¿sØ-gp -

t∂¬°p-tºm-gp≈ Ah-ÿbpw

XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw `qan-bn¬

Pohs‚ {]mcw-`m-h-ÿbpw \nß-

fpsS Ct∏m-gsØ Ah-ÿbpw

XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-Øns‚b{X-

tØm-f-ap-s≠∂m-Wv. Cu am‰w

hºn-®-Xm-Wv. ac-W-Øn\v tijw

\nßƒ GXv Ah-ÿbn-em-bn-cn-

°p-sa∂v \nßƒ°v k¶¬]n-

°m≥ IqSn km[y-a-√.

F¶nepw \nß-fpsS c≠m-

asØ krjvSn-tb-°mƒ Ahn-iz-

k-\o-b-amWv \nß-fpsS H∂m-

asØ krjvSn. Cusbmcp A\n-

hm-cy-amb \nK-a-\-Øn¬ \n∂v

c£-s∏-Sp -hm≥ \nßƒs°m-cn -

°epw km[y-a-√. Dbn¿sØ-gp-

t∂‰ Bflmhv Hcp-]t£ Zi-e-

£-°-W-°n\v h¿j-sa-Sp -sØ-

¶n¬ am{Xta AXns‚ Bflob

]cn -Wm-a -Øns‚ A¥n-a -L´w

{]m]n-°p-I-bp-≈q. \mw Cß-s\-

sbmcp \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øm≥ Imc-

Ww, H∂p-an-√m-bva-bn¬ \n∂v a\p-

jy≥ Xs‚ H∂m-asØ L´w

{]m]n-®-Xv t]mse-bmWv Dbn¿

sØ-gp -t∂¬∏pw F∂Xv

sIm≠mW.v Cu {]mY-anI L´-

Øn¬ \n∂v a\p-jy-\mbn cq]m-

¥-c-s∏-Sm≥ GI-tZiw \qdp-tImSn

h¿j-sa-SpØp F∂v Ct∏mƒ \ap-

°-dnbmw AXp-sIm≠v Ahs‚

{]mY-anI krjvSn L´-Øns‚

ssZ¿Lyw C{X-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn-

t\mSv kmay-ap -≈-Xm-bn -cn -°pw

Ahs‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏ns‚

c≠m-asØ L´hpw.

Cu hkvXpX IqSp-X-embn

hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Jp¿-B≥ AXp-

ey-amb Hcp \nK-a-\m-flI bp‡n

D∂-bn-°p-∂p. \mw B hnj-b-

ßƒ apgp-h\pw Jp¿-B-\nI hN-

\-ßƒ D≤-cn®p sIm≠v ChnsS

{]Xn-]m-Zn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂n-√.

ImcWw Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw a‰p

A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏´p

Ign-™-Xm-Wv. ChnsS \mw Xp\n-

bp-∂Xv Cu hmZ-Øns‚ ssien

hy‡-am-°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wv. Cu

temIØv ̀ mhn-bn¬ kw -̀hn-°p∂

Imcy-ßƒ ]d-™m¬ Hcp Ime-

L-´ -Øn¬ a\p -jy\v AXv

k¶¬]n -°m≥ IqSn Ign -bp -

ambncp -∂n -√. Jp¿B≥ Htc

kabw Cu temI-Po-hn -XsØ

]‰nbpw ac -Wm -\ -¥c Pohn -

XsØ]‰nbpw kwkm-cn -°p -

tºmƒ c≠p Pohn-X-ßƒ°pw

_m[-I-amb kam-¥c A¿∞-ß-

fm-bn-cn-°pw Nne-t∏m-gp-≠m-hp-I.

Cu hN-\-ß-fn¬ D≈-S-ßn-bn-cn-

°p∂ {]h-N -\ -ßƒ Cu

temIØpw A{]-Imcw ]c-tem-I-

Øpw _m[-I-am-Wv. Cu hN-\-ß-

fn¬ ]d-b-s∏´ Cl-tem-IØv kw -̀

hn-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ hy‡hpw

A\n-tj[yhpamb coXn-bn¬ ]pe-

cp-tºmƒ ]c-tem-IØv kw`-hn-°p-

sa∂v CtX hN-\-ß-fn¬ ]d-b-

s∏´ Imcy-ßƒ ]pe-cm≥ ka-b-

Øns‚ {]i-v\ta _m°nbp≈q.

Cu temIØv ]pe¿∂ kw`-h-

ßsf ]‰n {]h-N\w \S-Ønb

AXn-am-\pji‡n ]d-™Xv icn-

bm-sW∂v sXfn-™ncns° ac-Wm-

\¥w ]c-tem-IsØ kw_-‘n®p

]d™ Imcy-ßsf ]‰n hniz-kn-

°m\pw \mw _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. ac-

Wm-\¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

hmZ-ap-J-ßƒ Cß-s\-b-√msX

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI km[y-a-√. ac-W-

Øn\p aptº AXv as‰mcp D]m-

[n -bn -eq -sSbpw ÿm]n-°m\pw

km[y-a-√.

ac-Wm-\-¥cw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-

Sp∂ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ km[y-X-I-

sf-°p-dn®v N¿® sNøp-tºmƒ Jp¿-

B≥hN-\-ßƒ ChnsS `qan-bn¬

Xs∂ Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂ ]pXnb

Pohn cq]-ß-fpsS BIr-Xnsb∏‰n

hy‡-amb Hcp Nn{Xw \¬Ip-∂p-

≠v. AXm-bXv a\p-jys‚ Xs∂

cq]w am‰n-s°m≠v a\p-jys‚

ÿm\Øv ]I-c-ap-≠m-hp-∂, Ah-

\n¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-\mb ]pXnb

Pohn cq]sØ ]‰n-bmWv Jp¿-

B≥ hy‡-ambpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

A√mlp BIm-i-ß-tfbpw

`qan-tbbpw bmYm¿∞y-Øn\v (l-

Jv) \nc-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ krjvSn-

®Xv \o ImWp-∂nt√? Ah≥ Dt±-

in -°p -∂p -sh -¶n¬ \nßsf

Ah≥ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw \nß-

fpsS ÿm\Øv Hcp ]pXnb

krjvSnsb sIm≠p-h-cn -Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp--hn\v AXv

{]-bm-k-ap≈ Imcy-a-√. (14:20)

Cu hN-\-ßƒ Hcn-°epw

Xs∂ ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-XsØ∏‰n-


bp-≈-X-√. Cu hN-\-Øn¬ D]-

tbm -Kn® ‘C≥’ tkm]m -[nI

hn`‡n (Conditional Preposi-tion)-bpsS A¿∞w ‘F¶n¬’(If) -

F-∂m-Wv. CsXm-cn-°epw ac-Wm-

\¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®√ Dt±-in-

®Xv F∂v hy‡-am-Wv. -a-c-Wm-\-¥c

Pohn -X -sØ-°p -dn -®m -sW-¶n¬

ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn® ‘F¶n¬’ F∂

D]m[n ]c-temI Pohn-X-Øns‚

AkvXn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v kwi-b-Øn-

em -sW∂v ]d-tb≠n hcpw.

F∂m¬, apgp-h≥ Jp¿-B-\nI

hN-\-ß-fnepw ]c-temI PohnXw

bmsXmcp D]m-[nbpw IqSmsX

kw`-hn-°p∂ Hcp bmYm¿∞y-am-

bn-´mWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

\mw N¿® sNøp∂ Cu hN-\-

Øn¬ a\p-jys\ am‰n ]Icw a\p-

jys\ t]mse-bp≈ as‰mcp

Pohnsb sIm≠p hcp-sa∂-√ ]d-

bp∂Xv. Hcp ]pXnb krjvSnsb

‘J¬Jv ’ sIm≠p hcp-sa-∂mWv

Jp¿B≥ hy‡-ambpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

AXm-bXv apgp-h≥ a\pjy h¿§-

Øn-t‚bpw AkvXn-XzsØ as‰mcp

cq]-Øn¬ am‰p-sa-∂m-Wv.

a\p-jys\ t]mse Xs∂

kIe {]]-©hpw bmYm¿∞yw

(l-Jv) sIm≠mWv krjvSn-®n-́ p-≈-

Xv. A{]-Imcw Xs∂ krjvSn-bpsS

]c -tam -∂X ÿm\-amb a\p -

jy\pw. ac -Wm-\-¥c Pohn -X -

Øn¬ \n∂v hn`n-∂-ambn a\p-

jys\ AXn -h¿Øn -°p∂

IgnhpIfp≈ `qan-bn-ep-≠m-Ip∂

h y X y - k v X - a m - s b m c p

cq]sØ°pdn-®mWv ChnsS Jp¿-

B≥ kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

“ Ahsc krjvSn-®Xpw Ah-cpsS

ico-c-L-S-\sb _e-s∏-Sp -Øn-

bXpw \mam-Wv. \mw Dt±-in-°p-∂-

Xm-bm¬ Ah-cpsS cq]w XnI®pw

hyXy-kvX-amb as‰mcp cq]-Øn¬

\mw am‰n-°-f-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.” (76:26)

ho≠pw Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

“ A√ Ing-°n-t‚bpw ]Sn-™m-dn-

t‚bpw \mYs\ s°m≠v Rm≥

kXyw sNøp-∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw

\mw Ah-cpsS ÿm\Øv

Ah¿°v ]Icw Ah-tc-°mƒ

KpW-ta≥a-bp -≈-hsc ]Icw

sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-

Wv. \mw (\-ΩpsS) ]≤-Xnsb

hrYmhnem-°p∂h\-√.” (70:14)

]Icw sIm≠p hcp∂

krjvSnsb ]‰n as‰mcp

P\X(Juw)bmsWt∂m a\pjy

kaq-l-Øns‚ as‰mcp Xe-ap-d-bm-

sWt∂m A√ ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-

®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F¶n¬ F∂

D]m-[n-bpsS A¿∞w, a\p-jy≥

\√ coXn-bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw

kzbw kwkvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp h¿§w F∂

\ne°v Ah¿ XpS®v \o°-s∏-Sp-

Itbm KpW-ta≥a-bp≈ as‰mcp

h¿§sØ ]Icw sIm≠p hcn-

Itbm C√ F∂m-Wv. Cu A¿∞-

amWv CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

ChnsS Jp¿-B≥ hfsc

D∂X cq]-Øn-ep≈ Hcp krjvSn-

bpsS hnImk km[y-Xsb Ipdn-

®mWv kwkm-cn -°p -∂-X v . B

krjvSn°v D∂-X-amb kwth-Z-t\-

{μn-b-ß-fp-≠mhmw. \ΩpsS A©v

kwth-Z-t\-{μn-b-ßƒ IqSmsX

A[n-I-ambn a‰p C{μn-b-ß-fp-ap-

≠m-hmw. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ CXv

Xo¿®-bmbpw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂v

Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂n-√. F∂m¬,

ssZh-Øn\v Xs‚ krjvSn ]≤-Xn-

bn¬ AØ-c-Øn-ep-ff Hcp am‰w

sIm≠phcm≥ Ign -bp -sa∂

Imcyw Dd -∏n®p ]d -bp -I -bm -

WnhnsS sNøp -∂-X v . CXv

bmZr—nI kw`-h-ß-fpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ D≠m-hp∂ A‘-

amb ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bi-b-a√

ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS {]Xn-]m-

Zn® ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ \nc-¥-c-amb

XpS¿®-bpsS km[y-X, Jp¿-Bs‚

I¿Øm-hns‚ hnth-I-tØm Sp≈

al-Ømb BZ-cm-RvP-en-I-fn-sem-

∂m-Wv. Pohn ]cn-Wm-a-sØ-°p-dn®v

Ign™ A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ hnh-

cn® Jp¿-B-\nI ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ

icn-bm-bn -cn -°p-∂psh∂v CXv

ho≠pw sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-

b-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ a\p-jy≥

as‰mcp Pohn-cq-]-ambn ]cn-W-an-

°m≥ km[y-X-bp≈ Imcyw Jp¿-

B≥ ]cm-a¿in-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

AØcw hnj-b -ßƒ a‰ v

bmsXmcp aX - {K -Ÿ-Øntem

ùXnI hn⁄m\ kmln-Xy-ß-

fntem N¿® sNbvXn-ń-√ F∂

Imcyhpw {it≤-b-amWv. CØ-c-

Øn-ep≈ Hcp {]kvXm-h\ XnI-

hp‰ ⁄m\-Øn-t‚bpw \n›-b-

Øn -t‚bpw thZn --bn¬ \n∂p

am{Xta \S-Øm≥ km[n-°q.

Ct∏mƒ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂ ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ km[y-X-

Isf°pdn®v \ap°v ]q¿Æ-ambpw

Adnhv e`n-®n-ń-√. As√-¶n¬ Hcp

]pXnb XpS-°-tØmsS Bcw-`n-

°p∂ ]pXnb ]cn-Wma irwJ-e-

sb-°p-dnt®m \ap-°-dn-bn-√. Ct∏m-

gsØ \ΩpsS ⁄m\w AXns‚

Np‰p-h´w am{Xta FØn-bn-´p≈q.

_m°n apgp-h≥ AZr-iy-ambn

Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. F¥m-bn-cp -

∂mepw A⁄X-bn¬ InS-∂n-

cp∂ ⁄m\w XpS¿®-bmbn

\ap°v ⁄mX-ambXmbn AYhm

Adn-™-Xmbn am‰-s∏´p sIm≠n-

cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXmWv hnZym-̀ ym-k-

Øns‚ kzm`m -hnI {]{In -b.

ssZhw F√m Zriy-ambXnt‚bpw

F√m AZr-iy-am-b-Xn-t‚bpw \m-Y-

\m-Wv. {ItaW Ah≥ \ΩpsS

⁄m\ N{I-hm-fsØ hnI-kn-

∏n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Bb-Xn-

\m¬ \ΩpsS Z¿i\ tIm¨ \nc-

¥cw hn]p-e-ambns°m-≠n-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. Aßs\ CXn\v aptº

A‘-Im-c -Øns‚ bh-\n --I°-

∏pdw \n∂n -c p∂ Imcy -ßƒ

\ap°v Z¿i\ tbmKy-ambn `hn-

°p-∂p. (Revelation RationalityKnowledge and Truth F∂

]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v)


apkm^n¿

2019 Unkw_¿ 18 apX¬ 21

hsc atejy≥ XekvYm\amb

Ipemewºqcn¬ \S∂ CkvemanI

cmPyßfpsS D®tImSn kuZn

Atd_y, ]mInkvXm≥, bp F

C, CuPn]vXv apXemb {]apJ

cmPyßfpsS _lnjv°cWw

sIm≠pw temI apkvenw

cmjv{Sob cwKØv cq]s∏´

`n∂Xbmepw {it≤bambn.

Xp¿°n {]knU‚ v Xøn_v

D¿ZpJm≥, atejy≥ {]knU‚ v

almXn¿ aplΩZv, ]mInkvXm≥

{][m\a{¥n C{am≥ Jm≥

F∂nh¿ tN¿∂p≈ Hcp

A®pX≠mWv D®tImSnbpsS

hn`mh\bpw Bkq{XWhpw

\n¿Δln®Xv.

57 CkvemanI cmPyßfpsS

BtKmf kwLS\bmb H F kn

t\XrXzØn\v Ipemew D®tImSn

A{X°v ckn®n´n√. H F kn

kam¥cambn´mWv Cu

D®tImSnsb∂v Hcp {]kvXmh\

bneqsS H F kn sk{I´dn

hna¿i\w D∂bn°pIbp≠mbn.

kDuZn Atd_y k¶pNnX

cmjv{Sob Xm¬]cyw sIm≠v

D®tImSn _lnjv°cn°pIbpw

AhcpsS kΩ¿±Øm¬ ktΩf\

Øns‚ D]⁄mXmhmb ]mIn

kvXm\S°w XßfpsS D]{Kl

cmPyßfpw D®tImSn _lnjv°

cn°pIbmWp≠mbXv. Xp¿°n

{]knU‚ v Xøn_v D¿ZpJm≥,

Cdm≥ {]knU‚ v tUm. l ≥

dqlm\n F∂o cmjv{S Xeh∑mc

S°w 29 cmPyßfn¬ \n∂p≈

{]Xn\n[nIƒ ktΩf\Øn¬

]s¶SpØp. tZiob hnIk\w,

cmPy]cam[nImcw, tZiotbmZv

{KY\w, k¬`cWw, kwkvImcnI

hyIvXnXzw, \oXnbpw kzmX{¥y

hpw, kam[m\w, kpc£,

{]Xntcm[w F∂nhbmbncp∂p

N¿® sNbvX hnjbßƒ.

temIP\kwJybpsS \men

sem∂v hcp∂ 24.1% amWv

apkvenwIƒ. 180 tImSnbp≈

apkvenwIƒ c≠masØ henb

aXkaqlamWv. C{X{]_eamb

kaqlambn´pw BtKmf apkvenw

{]iv\ßƒ CkvemanI cmPyßƒ

°v ]cnlcn°m≥ t]mbn´ v

^e{]Zambn {]XnIcn°m≥

t]mepw Ignbp∂n√ F∂

AhkvY°v Cu D®tImSnbn¬

Hcp Xocpam\ap≠mIWw F∂

Bibw apt∂m v́sh®v sIm≠mWv

Ipemewºqcn¬ D®tImSn hnfn®v

tN¿ØXv. kDuZnbpsS t\XrXz

Ønep≈ apkvenw cmPyIq´m

bvatbmSp≈ ]tcm£amb Hcp

{]Xntj[hpamWv Ipemewºq¿

D®tImSn \¬Ip∂ ktμiw. ]e

CkvemanI cmPyßfpw ]cmPnX

cmjv{SßfmWv, F¥mWv CXn∂v

ImcWsa∂v Is≠ØWsa∂pw

FhnsSbmWv apkvenw cmPyß

ƒ°v ]ng°p∂sX∂pw hniIe

\w sNbvXv Is≠Øn ]cnlmc

ßƒ DcpØncnbWsa∂v

D®tImSn°v BXnYyacpfnb

atejy≥ {]knU‚ v almXo¿

aplΩZv D®tImSn°v apºmbn

hnfn® v tN¿Ø tbmKØn¬

]dbpIbp≠mbn. apkvenw

cmPyßƒ XΩn¬ F¥psIm≠v

bp≤w D≠mIp∂p? Nne apkvenw

Ipemewºq¿

CkvemanIcmPy D®tImSn

Ipdn∏pIƒ


cmPyßfn¬ Afh‰ kºØp

≠mbn´pw Hscm‰ apkvenw

cmPyhpw F¥psIm≠v hnIknX

cmPyambn hfcp∂n√ F∂Xv

Kuchtadnb hnjbamWv.

]ekvXo≥, kndnb, tdmln¶y≥,

ssN\, C¥y F∂o cmPyßfn

eS°w BtKmfXeØn¬

apkvenwIƒ A`napJoIcn°p∂

{]Xnk‘nIsf°pdn®pw temI

Øv BIam\w ]Scp∂ Ckvem

t a m t ^ m _ n b t b ° p d n ® p w

]cnlmcßfp≠mIWsa∂pw

D®tImSn ®¿®sNøm\pt±in®ncp

∂p. \n¿`mKyIcsa∂v ]dbs´

kDuZnbpw XßfpsS B{inX

cmPyßfpw H sF kn sk{I´dn

bpw Cu ktΩf\w ]cmPbs∏Sp

Øm\mWv {ian®Xv . Cu

ktΩf\w CkvemanIv tªm°ns\

am{Xa√ Ckvemans\ Xs∂

Zp¿_eam°psa∂v Ah¿ {]Ncn

∏n®p. temIw ]e hn[Ønep≈

kwL´\ßƒ°v km£yw

hln°ptºmƒ H sF knbpsS

LS\°v ]pdØv \n∂p≈ Hcp

D®tImSn hnfn®p tN¿°p∂Xv

CkvemanI Xm¬]cyØn\v

\nc°p∂X√ F∂mWv kwLS\

bpsS sk{I´dn P\d¬ bqkp^v

A¬ ssXao≥ ]d™Xv.

D®tImSn°v XpS°w apX¬

ap≥ssI FSpØ ]mInkvXms‚

]n∑m‰w AXv`pXs∏SpØp∂p

sh∂v almXo¿ ]d™p. H F

kn°v ]IcamWv Cu ktΩf\w

hnfn®p tN¿ØsX∂mWv kDuZn

tem_nbpsS {]NmcWw.

Xp¿°n {]knU‚ v D¿Zp

Jm≥ kDuZn \ne]mSns\

\ninXambn hna¿in°pIbp

≠mbn. DdpZpJm≥ Xp¿°n

am[yaßtfmS v ]d™Xv 40

Zie£w ]mInkvXm\nIfmWv

kDuZnbn¬ tPmensNøp∂Xv.

Ahsc \mńte°v Xncn®b°p

sa∂pw ]Icw _w•mtZinIsf

sIm≠phcpsa∂pw ]mInkvXm\n

se kvt‰‰ v _m¶n¬ kDuZn

\nt£]n® ]Ww ]n≥hen°psa

∂pw Ah¿ ]mInkvXms\

òjWns∏SpØn. BbXn\m¬

kDuZnsb A\pkcn°mXncp

∂m¬ ]mInkvXm∂p h∂p

`hn°p∂ kmºØnI {]Xnk

‘nsb ̀ b∂mWv Ah¿ D®tImSn

bn¬ \n∂pw hn´p\n∂sX∂mWv

D¿ZpJm≥ hniZoIcn®Xv. kDuZn

Atd_y DdpZpJms‚ {]kvXmh\

]q¿Æambpw \ntj[n®n´p≠v.

Cdm≥, Xp¿°n, JØ¿

F∂o cmPyßfpambn kDuZn

°p≈ ]e X¿°ßfpw

hntbmPn∏pw BtKmf apkvenw

{]iv\ßfn¬ Atacn°tbmSp≈

hnt[bXzhpw aqew D®tImSnbn¬

kuZn \bX{¥]cambn H‰s∏Sp

tam F∂ `bØmemWv Ah¿

hn´p\n∂sX∂v hnebncpØs∏Sp

∂p. apkvenwIsf ]et∏mgpw

IS∂m{Ian°p∂ {Sw]v `cW

tØmSp≈ kDuZnbpsS A‘

amb hnt[bXzhpw apkvenw

{]iv\ßƒ ]cnlcn°m\p≈

kDuZnbpsS hnapJXbpw

apkvenw temIØv ]cs°

hna¿in°s∏Sp∂p≠v. am{Xa√

Xp¿°nbpsSbpw Cdms‚bpw

t\XrXzØn¬ êkvXo≥

{]iv\w D®tImSnbn¬ {][m\

hnjbambn hcptºmƒ C{ktb

en Atacn°≥ Iq´psIńs\Xnsc

hna¿i\w Dbcp∂Xv kDuZn

CjvSs∏SmØXv ImcWamWv

Ahcpw B{inXcmb ]mInkvXm

\pw hn´v \n∂Xv F∂pw hnebncp

Øs∏Sp∂p. Ipemewºqcnse Cu

D®tImSn hnPbns®¶n¬ kDuZn

tI{μnXamb 57 CkvemanI

cmPyßfSßnb Hm sF kn F∂

BtKmf kwLS\bpsS t\XrXzw

kDuZn°v \jvSs∏SpIbpw Cdm≥

Xp¿°n A®pX≠nte°v AXv

\oßpsa∂pw kDuZn `bs∏Sp

∂p.

JØ¿ Aao¿ ssiJv Xaow

kDuZnsb ]tcm£ambn hna¿in

®p sIm≠mWv D®tImSnbn¬

kwkmcn®Xv. kmbp[ kwL´\

ßfpsS ImcyØn¬ Cc´

kao]\amWv Nne cmPyßƒ

kzoIcn°p∂sX∂pw D]tcm[w,

iIvXn {]tbmKw, ]ńWn°nS¬

apXemb kΩ¿±ßƒ sNepØn

A`n{]mbw cq]oIcn°ens\

Rßƒ X≈n°fbp∂psh∂v

JØ¿ Aao¿ ]d™p.

ba\nse B`y¥c bp≤hpw

Cdm\pw JØdpw t\cnSp∂

D]tcm[hpw a‰pcmPyßfpsS

_lnj v°cWhpamb nc p∂p

kqN\. sPdpkteans‚ PqX

hXv°IcWsØ ]‰nbpw

êkvXo\nse A[n\nthi

{]tZisØ blqZ IpSntb‰hpw

ssiJv Xaow hna¿in°pI

bp≠mbn. Xp¿°nbnse kDuZn

Fw_ nbn¬ sh®v sIm√s∏´

]{X{]h¿ØI\pw kDuZn

`cWIqS hna¿iI\pamb AZv\m

≥ JtjmKnbpsS h[Øns‚

t]cn¬ Xp¿°nbpw kDuZnbp

ambn Akzmckyßfpw Btcm]

W {]Xymtcm]Wßfpw \ne

\n¬°p∂p≠v. JtjmKn

h[Ønse {]XnIfn¬ 5 t]¿°v

kDuZn tImSXn h[in£

hn[ns®¶nepw At±lØns‚

h[Ønse ZpcqlX CXvhsc

amdnbnń√. arXtZlØn\v F¥v

kw`hn®p F∂v CXvhsc

kvYncoIcWap≠mbnń√.

D®tImSnbn¬ {]kwKn®

atejy≥ {][m\a{¥n almXo¿

F¥psIm≠v alØmb Ckvemw

aXØns‚ A\pbmbnIfmb

apkvenwIfpw AhcpsS cmPyhpw

k w L ¿ j ` c n X a m h p I b p w

\n lmbcpw H∂n∂pw sIm≈cp

XmØhcpambn amdn F∂v

a\ nem°m\mWv Cu D®tImSn

hnfn®ptN¿sØ∂v Xs‚

A[y£ {]kwKØn¬ ]d™p.

\ΩpsS thZ\Iƒ°pw Xo{hZpJ

Øn∂pw ImcWamIp∂ F√m

Imcyßfpw ChnsS ]cntim[n

°m≥ km[ns®∂v hcn√. B]Zv


L´Øn¬ \sΩ ssIshSnbp∂

Aapkvenw cmPyßfpambn

\ΩpsS hnIk\hpw ]ptcmKXn

bpw k‘nsNbvXp F∂Xv

\ΩpsS Ignhv tISmWv. AXp

sIm≠mWv Gsd {]iv\ßƒ

kln°p∂ apkvenw temIw

Aapkvenw cmPyßfpsS ̀ n£bpw

ImcpWyhpw B{ibn®p

Ignbp∂Xv . Cdm≥, atejy,

Xp¿°n, JØ¿ F∂o cmPyßƒ

XΩnep≈ hym]mcw kz¿Æw

ASnkvYm\am°nbmbncn°Wsa∂pw

_m¿´¿ knkv‰w (Nc°v ssIam‰

hyhkvY) \S∏m°n a‰p

cmPyßƒ ASnt®¬∏n°p∂

D]tcm[ßƒ adnIS°Wsa∂pw

almXo¿ Xs‚ {]kwKØn¬

\n¿t±in®p. Cdm≥ {]knU‚ v

tUm. l ≥ dqlm\n Atacn°

bpsS D]tcm[Øns‚ ]ivNmØ

eØn¬ Nne \n¿t±ißƒ

apt∂m´ v sh°pIbp≠mbn.

Rßƒ°n∂v Hcp Imcyw

a\ nembn AsXs¥∂m¬

\ΩpsS \nch[n kmºØnI

CS]mSpIfpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw

hntZi C≥jqd≥kpw hnIknX

cmPyßfn¬ \n∂p≈ C≥jqd≥

kv Iº\nIsf B{ibn®p≈

XmWv. D]tcm[w aqew _p≤n

ap´p∂ Cdms‚ FÆbn¬

A[njvTnXamb kºZv LS\°v

]mivNXy C≥jqd≥kv e`n°m≥

Rßƒ _p≤nap´p∂p. AXn\m¬

apkvenw cmjv{Sßƒ°v am{X

ambp≈ Hcp {Sm≥kvt]m¿´ v

C≥jqd≥kv sa°m\nkw

thWsa∂v Cdm≥ {]knU≠v

tUm. l ≥ dqlm\n D®tImSn

bn¬ \n¿t±in°pIbp≠mbn.

a≤y]uckvXy tZiw h≥

kpc£mòjWnbmWv t\cnSp∂

sX∂v dqlm\n ]d™p.

êkvXo≥ {]vi\amWv temIw

C∂v A`nanJoIcn°p∂ G‰hpw

henb a\pjy Zpc¥sa∂pw

At±lw ]d™p. _m¶nwßv

taJebn¬ apkvenw cmPyßƒ

hntZi Id≥kn°v ]Icw

XßfpsS kz¥w Id≥knsIm≠v

hym]mcw \SØWsa∂pw

DdpZpJm≥ A`n{]mbs∏´p.

D®tImSnbn¬ ]s¶SpØ apkvenw

cmPyßfnse t\Xm°ƒ apkven

cmPyßƒ XΩn¬ IqSpX¬

hym]mc _‘ßfnte¿s∏Sm≥

Blzm\w sNbvXp.

apkvenw temIØv ImW

s∏Sp∂ ]cnXm]Icamb `n∂X

bpw kpiIvXamb Hcp t\XrXz

an√mbvabpw hyIvXamWv.

`bm\Iamb {]knk‘nIsf

A`nanJoIcn°ptºmƒ t]mepw

sFIys∏Sm\p≈ hnapJXbpw

`n∂n∏pw F{Xam{Xw apkvenw

kaqlsØ {Kkn®ncn°p∂p

F∂Xns‚ Ahkm\sØ

sXfnhmWv Ipemwewºq¿

CkvemanIv D®tImSn . Cu

AhkcØn¬ Jp¿Bs‚ Hcp

ktμiw am{XamWv apkvenw

temIsØ Hm¿an∏n°m\p≈Xv:

“\nßsf√mhcpw HØp

tN¿∂v A√mlphns‚ ]misØ

apdpsI ]nSn°pI. \nßƒ

`n∂n°cpXv. \nßƒ ]ckv]cw

i{Xp°fmbncp∂t∏mƒ A√mlp

\nßƒ°v sNbvXp X∂

A\p{Klw kvacn°pI. Aßs\

Ah≥ \nßfpsS lrZbßsf

At\ym\yw CW°n. AXns‚

êambn Ahs‚ A\p{Kl

Øm¬ \nßƒ ktlmZcßfmbn

Xo¿∂p. \nßƒ Hcp AKv\nIp

fiØns‚ h°nembncp∂p.

F∂n´v AXn¬ \n∂pw Ah≥

\nßsf c£n®p. Cßs\

A√mlp Xs‚ I¬∏\Iƒ

\nßƒ°v hnhcn®p Xcp∂p.

\nßƒ t\¿am¿Kw {]m]n°p∂

Xn\v th≠n.” (BepC{am≥. 3:104)

BXvam¿∞ambn {]mh¿ØnI

am°nbXv. CkvemanI kwkv°mc

Øns‚ kmck¿Δkzhpw

klnjvWpXbmbncp∂p. `qXIm

e Ncn{Xw AXn\v km£nbmWv.

Ah¿ A[nImcØnencn°ptºm

gpw A√mØt∏mgpw Aßs\

bmbncp∂p. ̀ qXIme apkvenwIƒ

XßfpsS Bcm[\mebw F√mh

¿°pambn Xpd∂p sh°pIbm

Wp≠mbXv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂p:

‘]cnip≤ tZhmebØn¬

\n∂v \nßsf XS™psh∂Xn∂v

Hcp P\XtbmSp≈ shdp∏v

(AhtcmSv) AXn{Iaw {]h¿Øn

°p∂Xn∂v \nßsf t{]cn∏n°m

Xncn°s´.’(5:3)

AXn{Iaw {]h¿Øn®h

tcmSpw apkvenwIfn¬ ZpcnXßƒ

hnX®htcmSp t]mepw {]XnImcw

sNøm≥ ]mSn√, At∏mgpw Ah¿

kam[m\Imw£nIfpw kmtlmZ

cyw ImØpkq£n°p∂hcpamb

Hcp P\Xbmbncn°Ww F∂mWv

Ckvemans‚ A≤ym]\w. \nba

sØ A\pkcn°pI AXmbXv

cmPyØns‚bpw ssZhØns‚

bpw \nbasØ A\p kcn°pI

F∂XmWv. CkvemanI PohnX

Øns‚ A¥ Ø. a\pjy

kaqltØmSv A\pIºm]q¿Δw

hnime lrZbtØmSpIqSn s]cp

amdpI. ZpxJnX\pw ]oVnX\pw

Bizmkw \¬In imizXamb

kam[m\w temIØv sIm≠v

hcm≥ km[n°pI Ckveman∂v

am{Xambncn°pw.

Reference1.Philip Hitty - History of Arabs2.Cosmos vol.23History of Arabs4History of Chistianity5.Glories of Islam p. 676..History of Arabs7.Islamic Culture p.28.Essay Sweatness & Light9Mattew 15:24


www.alislam.org


Fw. \q¿ Plm≥

kmln_]me°mSv Pn√bnse sImSp

hmbqcn∂SpØv XØawK ew

{]tZisØ BZysØ AlvaZn

Ing°pw ]mSw Fw. \q¿ Plm≥

kmln_ (72) \hw_¿ 4˛mw

XobXn \ncymXbmbn. (C∂men

√mln...) bmYmkvYnXnI l\^n

kp∂n IpSpw_tØbpw Zo\o

t_m[an √mØ `¿Ømhns\bpw

`bs∏SmsXbmWv Ah¿

AlvaZnøØv kzoIcn®Xv .

AhcpsS ]nXmhv aplΩZv

kmln_v Hcp kp∂n aX]fin

X\pw BZyIme AlvaZnbmb

Ing°pw ]mSw Ip™ehn auehn

kmln_ns‚ ktlmZc\pambncp

∂p. h¿jßƒ°v tijw ]nXr

ktlmZc\pw IpSpw_hpambp

≠mb kamKaamWv Ahsc

AlvaZnøØnte°v \bn®Xv.

hfscb[nIw hmb\mioeap

≠mbncp∂ \q¿Plm≥ kmln_

Xang v\mS v No^v anjWdn

bmbncp∂ auem\m aplΩZv Da¿

kmln_n\v IsØgpXn ss_A

Øv sNøm\p ≈ B{Klw

{]ISn∏n°pIbmWp≠mbXv .

]n∂oSv I≠ Hcp kz]v\Øns‚

{]tNmZ\Øm¬ Ah¿ 1984

Pqembv amkØn¬ Imht»cn

PamAØn¬ ss_AØv

sNøpIbmbncp∂p. s]mXpth

Zo\n t_m[an√mØ `¿Ømhv

a{Zmkn¬ tPmensNøpIbmbncp

∂p Xs‚ `mcy Im^ndmbnt∏mbn

F∂v At±lsØ \m´pIm¿

sX‰n≤cn∏n®p. \o Fs¥ms°

tbm Bbnt∏mbn AXpsIm≠v

Rm≥ IpńIsfbpw Iqń t]mIp

IbmWv F∂v `¿Ømhv ]d™

t∏mƒ \nßƒ°v thWsa¶n¬

t]mhmw F\n°v Fs‚ A√mlp

XpWbmbp≠mIpsa∂v Ah¿

[ocbmbn ]d™p. kvt\l

kº∂\mb `¿Ømhv Xs‚

`mcytbmS v \o \√tX sNøq

Fs∂\n°dnbmw F\n°v CXns\

Ipdns®m∂pw Adnbn√ \o \ns‚

CjvSw t]mse sNbvtXm F∂v

]d™v ]n≥hmßn Ahsc

B i z k n ∏ n ° p I b p ≠ m b n .

AhcpsS `¿Ømhpw ]n∂oS v

AlvaZnbmbn. ]finX∑mtcmSv

t]mepw kwkmcn°m\p≈ Zo\n

hn⁄m\w Ah¿ IckvYam°n

bncp∂p. X_veoKn¬ {]tXyIw

Xm¬]cyw ImWn®ncp∂ Ahcp

sS X_veoKns‚ ̂ eambn ASpØ

Iq´pImcn Paoe kmln_bpw

(a¿lqa) IpSpw_hpw PamA

Øn¬ {]thin°pIbp≠mbn.

kuayioebpw kvt\l hm’ey

ßfneqsS Bscbpw BI¿jn°p

∂ Hcp alXnbpambncp∂p

Ah¿. ]tcX°v A√mlp

P∂Øpw aKv^ndØpw \¬In

A\p{Kln °pamdmIs´.

a°ƒ: auehn aplΩZv dm^n

kmln_v (sImSphmbq¿) Pm^¿,

anlvdmPv _m\p, ssk^p∂nkm,

dPpe. acpa°ƒ: F.jnlm

_p±o≥, kn. \mk¿ AlvaZv,

auehn sI Sn aplΩZv Aen,

hloZ, dfnb.

F®v. Fkv. Imht»cn

sImSnbØq¿: sImSnbØq¿

PamAØns‚ kwÿm]\Øn¬

{]apJÿm\w hln® al¬

hy‡nbpw ]uc{]apJ\pw,

sImSnbØq¿ PamAØv {]knU

‚pambncp∂ a¿lqw D≈mń¬

F.Fw.DÆntambn≥ A[nImcnbp

sS `mcy Cºn®n∏mØp (92)

\ncymXbmbn. amXmhns‚

IpSpw_amb ap°sØ {]kn≤

amb ‘hben¬’ IpSpw_°mcp

sSbpw, ]nXrIpSpw_Øns‚bpw,

ktlmZc∑mcpsSbpw FXn¿∏p

Iƒ AhKWn®v `¿Ømhns‚

IqsS Ah¿ Dd®p \n¬°pIbp

≠mbn.

a°ƒ: Ipńl ≥, A_vZp

dlvam≥, \mk¿Jm≥, jmPp,

kmenlv, B_nZv, Ban\, kmPnZ,

keo\, kpcø, A\ok.

acpa°ƒ: A_vZpdjoZv (Icpfm

bv), {]^: A_vZp¬ Icow, {]^:

A_vZp¬ aPoZ v (Ccphcpw

aÆm¿°mSv), ap_mdIv (hmWnb

ºew), dpJnø, dwe, \Pva,

j_o\, jlo\, Pmkvan≥.

˛ C A_vZpdlvam≥

A\pkvacWw

Cºn®n∏mØp

IqSmfn AlvaZnøm PamAØwKamb klo¿ AlvaZv kmln_ns\

IÆq¿ Pn√m ]©mbØv {]knU‚ v {io kptajv s]m∂mS AWnbn®v

BZcn°p∂p. km[mcW°mc\mb klo¿ c≠p ]mhs∏´

IpSpw_Øn\v hoSv sh°p∂Xn\pw _mehmSn sIńSw ]Wnbp∂Xn\pw

5 sk‚ v `qan hoXw Zm\w sNbvXXn\v sNKpthc hmb\ime &

{KŸimebmWv ]cn]mSn kwLSn∏n®Xv.

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