m or invilec muty high school unit 3: reproduction
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Biology 30
Morinville Community
High School
Unit 3: Reproduction &
Prenatal Development
Name: ______________
Chapters 14 and 15 text p. 477-543
Key Concept A: Structures and Functions of the Male
Reproductive System p.474-481
A1. Functions of the male reproductive organs
A2. Structure of the male reproductive organs
A3. Structure of the human sperm
A4. Supporting structures for sperm
Key Concept B: Structures and functions of the female
reproductive system p.481-484
B1. Functions of the female reproductive organs
B2. External genital organs
B3. Structure of the female reproductive organs
B4. Structure of the Human egg (ovum)
B5. Supporting structures for ova
Key Concept C: Hormonal Regulation of the male
reproductive system p.492-494
D1. Maturation of the male reproductive system
D2. Functions of the male reproductive hormones
D3. Hormone regulation
Key Concept D: Hormonal regulation of the female
reproductive system p.495-499
E1. Maturation of the female reproductive system
E2. Functions of the female reproductive hormones
E3. Hormone Regulation
E4. Menstrual Cycle
E5. Ovarian Cycle
Key Concept E: Fertilization & Embryonic
Development p.508-516
F1. Fertilization
F2. Implantation
F3. Differentiation
F4. Structures that support the embryo
F5. The placenta
F6. Sex organ development
F7. Technologies that reduce reproductive potential
Key Concept F: Fetal Development and Birth
G1. Hormonal Control of pregnancy
G2. Fetal Development
G3. Environmental factors that effect embryonic and fetal
development
G4. Parturition / Birth
G4. Lactation
Key Concept G: Sexually Transmitted infections p.486-490
C1. Summary of STI!s
C2. Preventing Transmission of STI!s
Reproduction & Prenatal Development
Unit Outline
REPRODUCTION AND PRENATAL
DEVELOPMENT UNIT EXAM
text p. 478
gonads:
gametes:
! Male gametes are called _____________
! Female gametes are called _____________
sex hormones:
primary sex characteristics:
secondary sex characteristics:
1. Functions of the male reproductive organs
Structure Description of function
testes
seminiferous
tubules
epididymis
vas deferens
(ductus deferens)
Cowper's glands
prostate gland
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct
urethra
penis
Chapter 14: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems text p. 478-505
Key Concept: Structures and functions of the male reproductive system text p. 478 - 481
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
2. Structure of the male reproductive organs text p. 479
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1.
2.
8.
10.
11.
3.
4.
Vasectomy:
glans penis: enlarged tip of the penis
foreskin: surrounds and protects the glans penis
Circumcision:
3. Structure of the Human Sperm text p. 480
Explain the significance of the:
! acrosome
! nucleus
! mitochondria
! tail (flagellum)
4. Supporting structures for sperm
Production of sperm:
! pituitary secretes FSH to stimulate _________________
Supporting structure for
sperm
Description of the function
Sertoli cells
interstitial cells
epidiymis
seminiferous tubules
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Sperm Anatomy and Supporting Structures text p. 480
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10.
9.
11.
1. Functions of the female reproductive organs
text p. 484; use chart
Functi Description of function
ovaries
fimbriae
Fallopian tubes
(oviducts)
uterus
(womb)
endometirum
cervix
vagina
2. External genital organs
text p. 484
Describe :
labia:
clitoris:
The paired female gonads are called:
The female gametes are called:
Key Concept: Structures and functions of the female
reproductive system text p. 481 - 484
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
3. Structure of the female reproductive organs text p. 482
4. Structure of the Human Egg (Ovum)
1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
13.
2.
12.
5.
1.
3.
4. Structure of the Human Egg (Ovum)
! 20 times larger than the head of the sperm cell
! contains a large quantity of cytoplasm
! encased in a thick membrane that must be penetrated
by the sperm's acrosome
Diagram of Ovum
5. Supporting structures for ova
Production of eggs:
! pituitary releases FSH to promote_________________
! involves the ovarian cycle
Supporting
structures for ova
Description of function
follicles
copus luteum
Vocabulary
1. Maturation of the male reproductive system
text p. 493
puberty:
Average age of puberty:
Puberty begins when:
2. Functions of the male reproductive hormones text p. 493
Hormone Production
site
Target
organ(s)
Description of function
GnRH
FSH
LH
testosterone
1.
2.
3. along with FSH, testosterone
stimulates gamete production
iinhibin
Key Concept: Hormonal regulation of the male
reproductive system text p. 492-494
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
3. Hormone Regulation
1. Maturation of the female reproductive system text p. 495
Average age of puberty of North American girls:
Puberty begins when:
text p. 495
menstrual cycle:
The menstrual cycle is two separate but interconnected cycle of
events:
ovarian cycle
uterine cycle
2. Functions of the female reproductive hormones text p. 493
Hormone Production
site
Target
organ(s)
Description of function
GnRH
FSH
1.
2.
3. stimulates estrogen
production
LH
1.
2.
estrogen
1.
2. initiates the formation of a
new layer of endometrium
progesterone
1. further prepares the
endometrium for arrival of the
fertilized egg
2. in conjunction with
estrogen, inhibits FSH and LH
3. inhibits uterine contrations
Key Concept: Hormonal regulation of the female
reproductive system text p. 495-499
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
3. Hormone Regulation text p. 495-498
The Ovarian Cycle
1.
2.
3.
4.
13.
12.
11.
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
A.
B. C.
D.
Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle
Due date:_________________________
PROBLEM: What is the relationship between hormones
and changes in the ovary?
PROCEDURE:
1. Using either a computer or a piece of graph paper, plot
the concentrations of FSH and LH in the blood during the
menstrual cycle. Use the data from the table. If you are
completing your graph by hand, you may want to separate
the gonadotropic hormones from estrogen and
progesterone. Use a different colour for each of the four
hormones.
2. The following 5 pictures depict the follicle and/or
corpus luteum during day 4, 8, 14, 18, and 22 in random
order. Re-arrange them and sketch them on, above, or
below your graph from step #1. Make sure your sketches
correspond with the correct days.
3. Label ovulation, follicular phase and luteal phase on
your graph
4. Use your graphs and data table to answer the questions
that follow.
Concentration of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone (in
arbitrary units) in the blood during the menstrual cycle.
Day FSH LH Estrogen Progesterone
0/28 8 12 5 3
2 14 14 4 2
4 16 15 3 2
6 17 15 3 2
8 17 15 4 2
10 18 15 5 2
12 20 28 14 2
14 18 45 13 3
16 8 20 9 4
18 7 19 8 6
20 6 18 10 11
22 5.5 16 11 12
24 6 14 12 13
26 7 14 8 8
28/0 8 12 5 3
QUESTIONS:
1. What is the effect of follicle development on estrogen
levels during the late stages of the follicular phase?
2. Cause and effect: An example of a cause and effect
hypothesis, with data, would be:
FSH produced by the pituitary gland causes the
follicles to produce estrogen. On the graph, it can be
seen that on days 8-12 the concentration of FSH
increases from 17 to 20 units. This causes the
concentration of estrogen to increase from 3 to14
units.
Write a cause and effect hypothesis that links the
production of LH to the production of progesterone and
estrogen. Support your answer with data. (Note: no marks
unless you have referred to the data to support your answer)
3. What hormone directly stimulates ovulation? Support your
answer with data. (Note: no marks to identify the hormone unless you
have referred to the data to support your answer)
4. Identify the organ causes a change in progesterone levels.
5. Identify the endocrine cells that produces mainly estrogen.
6. Identify the organ that estrogen targets during the menstrual
cycle.
7. What effect does the high levels of estrogen and progesterone,
during the luteal phase, have on the levels of FSH and LH?
1. Fertilization: day 1
!
Fertilization:
Steps of fertilization of an egg by the sperm:
A-
B-C
D-
E-
Zygote:
Why must the egg be fertilized within 12 to 24 hours
of its release?
Why do so few sperm arrive in the oviduct where the
egg is?
Key Concept: Fertilization and
embryonic development text p. 508 -519
Vocabulary
2. Implantation
! On the path to the uterus and within 30 h of being fertilized, the
zygote divides by the process of
! Mitotic division continues , however the new cells do not enlarge
and the overall size of the zygote remains the same. This
process of rapid cell divisions without cell enlargement is called:
Once the zygote begins to divide, it proceeds through the following
developmental stages:
_____________ : consists of 16 or more cells
- no cell enlargement , just cleavage
____________________ (~5th day): a fluid-filled cell structure with
two different groups of cells:
-outer sphere of cells (trophoblast):
- inner cells:
implantation:
Once implantation occurs, the woman is now said to be __________
Hormonal control:
The outer layer of cells (trophoblast ) secretes the hormone called
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Target of hCG:
Effect of hCG:
Vocabulary
Fertilization, Cleavage, Implantation
3. Differentiation text p. 511-512
differentiation:
gastrulation:
morphogenesis:
During the second week , inner layer of cells differentiate into:
____________ and ____________
Shortly, a third layer,______________, forms between the ectoderm
and endoderm.
All future tissues, organs and organ systems of the body will develop
from the cells of the germ layers.
Body organs arising from the three germ layers
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
Vocabulary
Gastrulation Diagrams
4. Structures That Support The Embryo
There are four extra-embryonic membranes that develop along with the three germ layers. text p.516
Extra-embryonic
membrane
Description
-a transparent, fluid-filled sac
-protects the embryo from trauma; allows
freedom of movement
-contributes to the formation of the digestive tract
-produces the first blood cells
-produces the future egg or sperm -cells
*see note
-forms the umbilical artery and vein
-forms the urinary bladder
-forms the fetal portion of the placenta
*Note: the yolk sac does NOT supply nutrients to a human embryo
as it does in birds
Extra-embryonic membranes
Vocabulary
5. The Placenta text p. 515-516
The placenta is a disk-shaped organ that is rich in blood vessels.
The placenta is a shared organ between mother and fetus.
The placenta is a combination of:
fetal tissue:
AND
maternal tissue:
umbilical cord:
chorionic villi:
Vocabulary
Metabolic exchange occurs through the placenta
1. H
orm
on
al c
on
trol te
xt p
. 51
0-5
12
Ho
rmo
ne
Le
ve
ls D
urin
g P
reg
na
nc
y
Ke
y C
on
ce
pt: F
eta
l De
ve
lop
me
nt a
nd
birth
2. F
etal D
evelo
pm
ent tex
t p.5
20-5
21
Fetal d
evelo
pm
ent starts d
urin
g th
e __
__
__
__
__
and
lasts u
ntil _
__
__
__
__
_.
Th
e main
differen
ces b
etween
emb
ryo
nic an
d fe
tal d
evelo
pm
ent;
Em
bry
on
ic Dev
elo
pm
ent
Feta
l Dev
elop
men
t
Ev
ents th
at o
ccur in
each
trimester o
f emb
ryon
ic an
d feta
l dev
elop
men
t:
Trim
ester S
ign
ifican
t Dev
elop
men
ts & C
han
ges
1st W
eek
2n
d Week
3rd W
eek
First
Trim
ester
4th W
eek
5th
Week
6th
Week
7th
Week
8th
Week
3rd M
on
th
Secon
d
Trim
este
r
Th
ird
Trim
este
r
3. E
nv
iron
me
nta
l fac
tors
that e
ffec
t em
bry
on
ic a
nd
feta
l de
ve
lop
me
nt
tex
t p.5
21
-52
3
!
Su
bsta
nce
s th
at a
mo
the
r ing
ests
or in
ha
les e
nd
s u
p in
he
r circ
ula
ting
blo
od
!
So
me
of th
ese
su
bsta
nce
s p
ass th
rou
gh
the
pla
ce
nta
to th
e fe
tus!s
blo
od
.
te
rato
ge
n:
Fa
cto
r tha
t effe
cts
em
bry
on
ic a
nd
feta
l
de
ve
lop
me
nt
De
sc
riptio
n o
f ho
w th
is fa
cto
r influ
en
ce
s d
ev
elo
pm
en
t
MA
TE
RN
AL
LIF
ES
TY
LE
Pro
pe
r nu
trition
TE
RA
TO
GE
NS
vira
l infe
ctio
ns
rad
iatio
n
dru
gs: c
iga
rette
sm
oke
dru
gs: a
lco
ho
l
dru
gs: p
rescrip
tion
dru
gs
When
is the fetu
s most su
sceptib
le to terato
gen
s?
Vo
ca
bu
lary
4. P
artu
rtion
tex
t p.5
23
-52
6
Ma
jor e
ve
nts
of c
hild
birth
Vo
ca
bu
lary
Pa
rtuiritio
n is
5. Lactation text p.526
Lactation is
! controlled by
Lactation Feedback
suckling stimulates nerve endings in nipples
__________________________ stimulated
_______________________ ________________________
____________________ ___________________
-targets mammary lobules - targets mammary lobules
-stimulates contraction -stimulates milk production
and milk ejection
(let-down reflex)
Diagram: text p. 526
Vocabulary