m. r. rosen, s. l. goodbred, d.a. alvarez, and thomas j. leiker us geological survey
DESCRIPTION
Use of Passive Samplers for Detecting Spatial Distribution of Organic Contaminants in Lake Mead, Nevada, U.S.A. M. R. Rosen, S. L. Goodbred, D.A. Alvarez, and Thomas J. Leiker US Geological Survey. Background. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Use of Passive Samplers for Detecting Use of Passive Samplers for Detecting Spatial Distribution of Organic Spatial Distribution of Organic
Contaminants in Lake Mead, Nevada, Contaminants in Lake Mead, Nevada, U.S.AU.S.A
M. R. Rosen, S. L. Goodbred, D.A. Alvarez, and M. R. Rosen, S. L. Goodbred, D.A. Alvarez, and Thomas J. LeikerThomas J. Leiker
US Geological SurveyUS Geological Survey
• This work is part of an ongoing study initiated in 1995 to assess potential for endocrine disruption in Lake Mead.
• Objectives • Determine presence and potential sources of endocrine
disrupting compounds (EDCs) in Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAME) using passive samplers and sediment cores.
• Importance of study• Determine what EDCs aquatic organisms might be
exposed to at various locations in LAME and their potential sources.
Background
Water Quality Issues in Water Quality Issues in Las Vegas Bay, Lake MeadLas Vegas Bay, Lake Mead
• Historic use chemicals present in sediment & biota (i.e. Historic use chemicals present in sediment & biota (i.e. chlorinated pesticides, PCB’s etc.)chlorinated pesticides, PCB’s etc.)
• Chemicals from manufacturing plants and defense related Chemicals from manufacturing plants and defense related industries since 1940’s. (e.g. perchlorate etc).industries since 1940’s. (e.g. perchlorate etc).
• Tertiary treated effluent (currently >180 million gallons Tertiary treated effluent (currently >180 million gallons daily, expected to increase to 400 million gallons daily by daily, expected to increase to 400 million gallons daily by 2050).2050).
• Storm-water runoff and other non-point sourcesStorm-water runoff and other non-point sources
19501950Pop 47,000Pop 47,000
20002000Pop 1,300,000Pop 1,300,000
Population Growth in Las Vegas Valley
Overton ArmOverton Arm
Colorado R.Colorado R.InflowInflow
Las VegasLas Vegas BayBay
Lake Mead NationalLake Mead NationalRecreation AreaRecreation AreaSampling SitesSampling Sites
March, 2006March, 2006
Colorado R.Colorado R.Outflow (Willow Beach)Outflow (Willow Beach)
SentinelSentinelIslandIsland
Las Vegas WashLas Vegas WashBelow STPsBelow STPs
Las Vegas WashLas Vegas WashAbove STPsAbove STPs
Study DesignStudy Design Three 36” SPMDs, 3 POCIS discs both Three 36” SPMDs, 3 POCIS discs both
pharmaceutical and pesticide were deployed at 7 pharmaceutical and pesticide were deployed at 7 sites in LAME for one month in February 2006 all sites in LAME for one month in February 2006 all at at 8 m water depth8 m water depth
SPMDs deployed in vertical gradient at Las Vegas SPMDs deployed in vertical gradient at Las Vegas Bay siteBay site
Analytical chemistry done on extracts by GC/MS Analytical chemistry done on extracts by GC/MS Performance Reference Compounds (PRCs) used Performance Reference Compounds (PRCs) used
in SPMDsin SPMDs
What are SPMDs and POCIS Samplers?What are SPMDs and POCIS Samplers?
Hydrophilic compounds Kow<3.0
POCIS consists of a microporous membrane containing various solid phase sequestering media
Hydrophobic compounds Kow >3.0
SPMD consists of Low density polyethylene lay-flat tubing containing lipid (fat-like organic compound made of triolein) similar to fish fat
Vertical Vertical gradientgradient
Sampling Sampling SetupSetup POCIS
8 M
Deployment and Retrieval of Deployment and Retrieval of SamplersSamplers
Different Blank Used at Each SiteDifferent Blank Used at Each Site If compound detected in blank: Concentration If compound detected in blank: Concentration
in blank subtracted from reported valuein blank subtracted from reported value
Above WWTPs Below WWTPs
Performance Reference Compounds used for SPMDs Performance Reference Compounds used for SPMDs to calculate concentrationsto calculate concentrations
Anthracene – Anthracene – dd1010 Chrysene – Chrysene – dd1212
Las Vegas Bay inflow Boulder Basin site
Blanks are ImportantBlanks are ImportantWhat did we find in blanks?What did we find in blanks?
Acetophenone Acetophenone fragrance (soaps, creams) fragrance (soaps, creams) Benzophenone Benzophenone sunscreenssunscreens Oyxbenzone Oyxbenzone sunscreenssunscreens Di limonene Di limonene citrus based solventcitrus based solvent Methyl naphthalene Methyl naphthalene found in air, cigarettesfound in air, cigarettes Methyl salicylate Methyl salicylate deep heat therapydeep heat therapy Octylphenol Octylphenol surfactant in soapssurfactant in soaps
Compound Uses
Total Compounds DetectedTotal Compounds Detected
SPMDSPMDTotal Compounds (30)Total Compounds (30)Number of EDCs (17)Number of EDCs (17)
POCISPOCISTotal Compounds (28)Total Compounds (28)Number of EDCs (7)Number of EDCs (7)
EDCs Detected in Las Vegas Wash and Lake Mead EDCs Detected in Las Vegas Wash and Lake Mead National Recreation AreaNational Recreation Area
PCPsPCPs GaloxolideGaloxolide Tonalide Tonalide 4-tert-octylphenol4-tert-octylphenol TriclosanTriclosan
PAHsPAHs PyrenePyrene AnthraceneAnthracene PhenanthrenePhenanthrene Benzo (a) pyreneBenzo (a) pyrene
PesticidesPesticides ChlorphrifosChlorphrifos o,p’ DDEo,p’ DDE TrifluralinTrifluralin HCBHCB Trans & Cis ChlordaneTrans & Cis Chlordane
Industrial Industrial BDE (47,99,100,138,BDE (47,99,100,138,
146,180146,180))
Hydrophobic Compounds Hydrophobic Compounds Total concentration (Total concentration (µµg/L) and number of detectsg/L) and number of detects
Overton Arm0.0003 (3)
Colorado R Inflow0.02 (6)Colorado R Outflow
0.0006 (6)
Sentinel Island0.001 (5)
Las Vegas Bay0.06 (16)
Las Vegas WashBelow STPs
0.45 (17)
Las Vegas WashAbove STPs0.005 (12)
Where are EDCs Coming From?Where are EDCs Coming From?Example of Galaxolide (Example of Galaxolide (µµg/L) at 8 m depth in Lake Meadg/L) at 8 m depth in Lake Mead
Overton Arm<0.0005
Colorado R Inflow
<0.0005Colorado R Outflow<0.0005
Sentinel Island0.001
Las Vegas Bay0.06
Las Vegas WashBelow STPs
0.4
Las Vegas WashAbove STPs
<0.0005
Where are EDCs Coming From?Where are EDCs Coming From?Example of Naphthalene (petrogenic) Example of Naphthalene (petrogenic)
((µµg/L) at 8 m depth in Lake Meadg/L) at 8 m depth in Lake Mead
Overton Arm<0.0009
Colorado R Inflow0.01Colorado R Outflow
Estimated 0.0002
Sentinel Island<0.0009
Las Vegas Bay0.001
Las Vegas WashBelow STPs
<0.0009
Las Vegas WashAbove STPs
<0.0009
Where are EDCs Coming From?Where are EDCs Coming From?Example of Pyrene (pyrogenic) Example of Pyrene (pyrogenic)
((µµg/L) at 8 m depth in Lake Meadg/L) at 8 m depth in Lake Mead
Overton Arm<0.00005
Colorado R Inflow
<0.00005Colorado R Outflow<0.00005
Sentinel Island<0.00005
Las Vegas Bay0.0003
Las Vegas WashBelow STPs<0.00005
Las Vegas WashAbove STPs<0.00005
Vertical Gradient of Hydrophobic Vertical Gradient of Hydrophobic Contaminants in Las Vegas BayContaminants in Las Vegas Bay
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10
Galaxolide (g/L)
Dep
th b
elo
w l
ake
surf
ace
(m)
LVB - 1 LVB - 2
Vertical Gradient of Hydrophobic Vertical Gradient of Hydrophobic Contaminants in Las Vegas BayContaminants in Las Vegas Bay
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.0 5.0x10-4 1.0x10-3 1.5x10-3 0.0 1.0x10-4 2.0x10-4 3.0x10-4 4.0x10-4
Naphthalene (g/L)
Dep
th B
elo
w L
ake
Su
rfac
e (m
)
LVB - 1 LVB - 2
MR
L MR
L
Pyrene (g/L)
LVB - 1 LVB - 2
Hydrophilic CompoundsHydrophilic Compoundsng/POCIS (pesticide EI and NCI) and # of detectsng/POCIS (pesticide EI and NCI) and # of detects
Overton Arm390 (8)
Colorado R Inflow0 (0)Colorado R Outflow
1,033 (5)
Sentinel Island74 (3)
Las Vegas Bay136 (1)
Las Vegas WashBelow STPs24,716 (11)
Las Vegas WashAbove STPs22,551 (11)
Effects in Male CarpEffects in Male Carp
Las Vegas Wash downstream of WWTPs
From high to low, reproductive condition by site can be classified as:
OA > LVB > LVW > WB
Intersex fish found in Las Vegas Wash
EDCs found in carp includeMethyl Triclosan,PBDEs,
DDT (and metabolites)
Las Vegas Bay Overton Arm0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Su
m o
f o
rga
nic
co
nta
min
an
tsin
wh
ole
bo
dy
fis
h t
iss
ue
(g
/kg
)
Effects in Male Effects in Male Largemouth BassLargemouth Bass
Relatively low KT levels and high E2/KT ratios in Las Vegas Bay males are consistent with reduced health
and reproductive condition
Only two sites have bass presentNo chemical data available yet
The differences between sites were most evident just prior spawning period
(March 2008)
ConclusionsConclusions Las Vegas Wash below WWTPs major source of hydrophobic contaminants and Las Vegas Wash below WWTPs major source of hydrophobic contaminants and
EDCs in LAME EDCs in LAME
Sole source of Galaxolide and Tonalide, weakly estrogenic musk fragrances, is Las Sole source of Galaxolide and Tonalide, weakly estrogenic musk fragrances, is Las Vegas Wash below WWTPs.Vegas Wash below WWTPs.
Hydrophilic compounds come from both sites in the Wash.Hydrophilic compounds come from both sites in the Wash.
Main source of PAHs is petrogenic compounds from within lake (boats)Main source of PAHs is petrogenic compounds from within lake (boats)
Very few EDCs coming from inflows at Overton Arm, Colorado R. or present below Very few EDCs coming from inflows at Overton Arm, Colorado R. or present below Hoover Dam.Hoover Dam.
Overall, aquatic biota show impaired reproductive function in LVW and Overall, aquatic biota show impaired reproductive function in LVW and LVB and are most exposed to EDCs in LVW, Bay, and LVB and are most exposed to EDCs in LVW, Bay, and Boulder Boulder
Basin, but other sources exist.Basin, but other sources exist.
Research TeamResearch TeamUSGS personnelUSGS personnelProject coordinator: Project coordinator: Michael R. RosenMichael R. Rosen
[email protected]@usgs.gov 775-887-7683775-887-7683
Toxicologist: Toxicologist: Steven Goodbred Steven Goodbred [email protected]@usgs.gov
916-278-9492916-278-9492Fish Biologist:Fish Biologist: Reynaldo Patiño Reynaldo Patiño
[email protected]@usgs.gov 806-742-2851806-742-2851
Chemist:Chemist: David Alvarez David Alvarez [email protected]@usgs.gov 573-441-2970573-441-2970
Risk analyst:Risk analyst: Greg Linder Greg Linder [email protected]@usgs.gov 503-590-3916503-590-3916
Fish microbiologist:Fish microbiologist: Jill Jenkins Jill Jenkins [email protected]@usgs.gov 337-266-8607337-266-8607
PartnersPartners
Toxicologist:Toxicologist: Erik OrsakErik OrsakUSFWS USFWS [email protected][email protected]
702-515-5243702-515-5243Foodweb biologist:Foodweb biologist: Sudeep ChandraSudeep ChandraUNRUNR [email protected]@cabnr.unr.edu
775-354-4849775-354-4849Microbiologist:Microbiologist: Duane MoserDuane MoserDRIDRI [email protected]@dri.edu
702-378-7639702-378-7639