Milton Simpson

University of Salford School of the Built Environment

BIM THEORY & PRACTICE COURSEWORK 1

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CONTENTS

1.1 Introduction    1.2 Strategy 1.3 Execution – Pre Contract 1.4 Post Contract 1.5 Delivery – MIDP 1.6 Mobilization 1.7 Production – BS1192 1.8 Common Data Environment - CDE (PIM) 1.9 Handover & Closeout - PIM 2.0 Project Information Model - PIM 2.1 Asset Information Model (AIM) - OPEX 2.2 Operations - COBie

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BIM Theory and Practice – Semester 1 Module 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Government Transport Authority has commissioned a scheme to build a new link road (The Woodside Link) alongside the existing stretch of A1 that runs through Dunstable Bedfordshire. The new stretch of road will start at the junction at Torn Turn (A505) and finish at the Toddington Services. Work is due to complete in the spring of 2017. The link road will consist of three new junctions, two roundabouts, an interchange with the M1, a bridge on the B579, Luton road and a further 4 bridges at various points along the A5-M1. The feasibility of the new link has concluded that £38.3 million invested in the new Woodside Link road is a strategic transport improvement that will relieve traffic going through the town, thus increasing road safety and will boost the local economy. Infrastructure is a vital part of our long term economic plan to secure a better future for the people of Bedfordshire, The A5-M1 Link road is a great example of how we are delivering projects that will boost growth across the country. RHon Patrick McLoughlin. (2015). Press release, boost for Bedfordshire economy as new A5-M1 link road starts construction. Retrieved 14 October, 2015, from http://www.gov.uk/government/news/

Figure 1: Layout of the new A5-M1Link Road (Source: Bedfordshire Council, 2015)

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1.2 STRATEGY The groundwork for BIM Level 2 procedures and workflows begin at an early stage (before pre-contract). The level of consultation at this stage between the BIM manager and employer has to be the most crucial stage of the whole process. BIM’s ethos is to look at the project from beginning to end and treat the process as a whole. This is where power of BIM comes into it own, because its procedures play a crucial part in determining the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved. The first piece of the process is to make the employer aware of the PAS and British Standards and guidelines that need to be followed to achieve BIM Level 2. Below is a list of these documents. PAS1192-2:2013 – Specification for information management for capital/delivery phase of construction projects using Building Information Modeling. PAS1192-3:2014 – Specification for information management for the operation phase of assets using Building Information Modeling. PAS1192-4:2014 - Collaborative production of information part4: Fulfilling employers information exchange requirements using COBie – code of practice. BS 1192-4:2014 – Collaborative production of information. PAS1192-5:2015 – Specification for security-minded building information management, digital built environments and smart asset management. Construction Industry Council (CIC) – Building Information Model Protocol. Digital Plan of Work (DPoW) – Working group representing a range of trade organizations, suppliers and contractors. Classification Systems Q2 – Specifications in Development. The first document of the level 2 process is the PAS1192-2: 2013. This will give us guidance on how to draft an Employers Information Requirement. Below is a brief summery of what is the purpose of the EIR. “The development of the EIR shall start either with the assessment of an existing asset leading to the development of the employers need, or directly with the employer’s need if no existing asset or asset information model (AIM) is to be considered.” Designing Buildings Wiki. (Last edited 20 Aug 2015). Employers information requirements for BIM. Retrieved 16 October, 2015, from http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/employer %27s_ information_requirements_for_bim If as stated above there are no previous schemes constructed without Level 2, the BIM Manager and Employer work in close consultation to develop the EIR. The PAS1192-2: 2013 specification will be the document to optimize the requirements of the employer expectations of the project. (This will form the basis of a BIM Execution Plan). Once all parties have agreed the Employers Information Requirement. The production of this document will run parallel with the requirements with British standards BS6100-4 2008: Building and Civil Engineering. This British standard is a statutory requirement along with the Technical Approval of Highway Structures BD2/12, volume 1, section1, part 1.

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Cont. This document requires the scheme to meet the Technical Approval (TA); a brief summery of these specifications is as follows: “The TA procedures as described in the standard generally require the proposer to submit an Approval In Principal (AIP) to the overseeing organization and to receive endorsement of the AIP before proceeding with any design or assessment. The completed design or assessment cannot be implemented until the overseeing organization is in receipt of certified confirmation that the implementation documents are accurate and fully in compliance with the requirements of the AIP”. Highways Agency Transport Guidance. (n.d.). Standards for highways online resources. Retrieved 08 October 2015 from http://www.gov.uk/guidance/standards-for-highways-online-resources. Williams Lea. volume 1, section 1, dmrb | standards for highways. Retrieved from http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf Other requirements in the BD2/12 are:

1. The Technical Assessment dose or will not effect the terms of contractual stipulations relating to all parties involved on the project, with the exemptions of DBFO (Design, Build, Finance & Operate) contracts are exempt from this.

2. The approval in principal for this scheme has to be defined in the

contract as only guides to construction or are sufficient enough to proceed with tender invitations.

One clause in particular could prove to be sticking point from issuing an EIR to next Level 2 document, the BIM Execution Plan (BEP). The clause states under the Contractual Responsibilities and Procedures:

1.17 For some forms of procurement, Technical Assessment for the design would typically be completed in detail before tenders for carrying out the construction work required by the design are invited. For other forms of procurement, where the design has not yet been completed prior to inviting tenders the TA process would typically only be partially completed during the tender period. Submission of a final detailed Approval In Principal (AIP) would usually take place following award of contract. Highways Agency Technical Approval of Highway Structures. (n.d.). BD2/12, Volume 1, Section 1, Part 1. Retrieved from Williams Lea. volume 1, section 1, dmrb | standards for highways. Retrieved 08 October 2015 from http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf

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1.3 EXECUTION: Pre-Contract Once the EIP conditions are collated, the invite to tender for the project begins. All prospective bidders are required to be BIM compliant. This is the mandatory requirement to undertake this project. Contractors will have to supply a BIM Execution Plan (BEP). The BIM Execution Plan is a single document split into 2 mini contracts: Pre Contract at tender stage and Post Contract submitted by the successful bidder. The Pre BEP contract will form part of the tender. 1.4 Post-Contract Balfour Beatty was announced as the winning tender (Amey as the lead Project Manager / Design consultants). At this point the Post-contract BEP would be submitted as part of the contract and forms an integral part of the project, so it is important that the contractor can demonstrate to the employer that the plan of work is attainable. The building information model protocol published by the Construction Industry Council will ensure that BEP is central to the contract. The preface of this contract states: The BEP shall list the agreed targets for responsibility, timely delivery, exchange, reuse and final handover to the clients it will also list all of agreed elements as outlined in the Employers Information Requirements (EIR). The brief, the BS1192: 2007, PAS1192-2: 2013, the Construction Project Information Protocol and the contract documents. The BEP is structured in accordance with PAS1192-2: 2013.

CPIC, CPIx. (n.d.). BIM Execution Plan. Retrieved 14 October, 2015 from http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix /cpix-bim-execution-plan

A brief overview of a few content in the Post BEP Contract:

• Details of the Project Delivery Manager and Project Team representatives and roles.

• The Contractors capacity and competence of their supply chains. • Concise details of how the Information requirements of the

employer are met. • Software applications to be agreed with all parties involved on the

project. • The security safeguards of building information data during and

after completion of the project. Protection and prevention of malicious breeches of systems set up by the main contractor & stakeholder, from outside sources (Reference PAS1192-5 for further guidance).

• A list of standards and procedures for the project. • Roles and responsibilities or the team in ensuring the requirements

set out in the BIM Execution Plan.

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1.5 Delivery – MIDP On signing of the contract the next requirement is to set up the Master Information Delivery Plan (MIDP). There are several pieces of information that when combined make up the MIDP, the first of which is the Construction Program or Project Plan submitted by the lead contractor. The Construction Programme parameters will be linked to the MIDP.

The MIDP requires more information to become effective, this information comes from an element that makes up the BIM Execution Plan: the Supply Chain Capability Summery (SCCS). This document also generates another document called the Responsibility Matrix (RM)also known as ‘Projects roles tables’. The RM lists the responsibilities of each discipline of production of information (documents or models) and the relationship between all parties involved. The final piece that makes up the MIDP is the Task Team Information Delivery Plan (TIDP). The TIDP are documents containing information deliverables and are submitted by the Task Team Managers directly into the MIDP. The Information MIDP holds is fed back into the BIM Execution Plan. All aspects of the CAPEX (construction) process is accounted for and all procedures, systems, scheduling all lead back to the BIM Execution Plan. Below is a diagram designed by Mervyn Richards showing the flow of Level 2 documentation.

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Figure 2 (PAS1192-2, 2013, p.8) shows the relationship between documents used for Information Management

1.6 Mobilization The next step is for the Project Delivery Team to review all the documentation created (EIR, BEP and MIDP) and to begin to create the framework to make them operational. Before the design stage begins the team needs to:

1. Ensure that all relevant documents have been collated, prepared and agreed by all parties.

2. Information Management systems are in place and are

capable of coping with the Information to be stored. (Simulated test should take place to fix any problems at this stage rather than at design / construction phase).

3. Establish if the Delivery Team has the skillset needed to

complete this project successfully. If there is a skills gap further training and education will be provided.

4. Supply chain systems are ready and capable to deliver as

scheduled. Once these issues have been addressed the move to the design phase can begin. (*Note: a mobilization period agreed for this period by the employer and contractor). 1.7 Production –BS1192 The standards set out in PAS1192-2 have given us scope to establishing plan of work, procedures and information management. The BIM Manager and Project Delivery Team will also work to British Standards: BS1192 (2007) a summary of the standard objectives states: Establishes the methodology for managing the production, distribution and quality of construction information, including that generated by CAD systems, using a disciplined process for collaboration and a specified naming policy. It is applicable to all parties involved in the presentation and use of information throughout the design, construction, operation and deconstruction throughout the project life cycle and the supply chain. The principles for information sharing and common modeling are equally applicable to building and civil projects. This standard is also a guide for developers of software applications to enable them to support its implementation through the provision of configuration files or application add-ons. British Standards Institute (BSI) BS 1192-4:2014. Part 4: Fulfilling employer’s information exchange requirements using COBie – Code of practice. 1192, (2007). Retrieved from http://www.shop.bsigroup.com

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This standard gives guidance and recommendations on how processes can be carried out and addresses two key issues the first is the handling and distribution of data, and the second is the naming convention of data. These procedures are not compulsory but are widely adopted by the construction industry. Collaboration Management Process – BS1192 During the construction phase the Collaboration Management Process is a procedure that enables teams involved with the design of models and production of drawings to submit to a centralized depository in order to co-ordinate designs as they develop. Each discipline still has control of their work (work-in progress) before releasing to other teams to amend any design flaws. Once all parties agree and approve a finished design, the drawing or document will be published at agreed construction phases, and archived. The employer as stipulated in the contract can access this archive. Below is an illustration of this procedure.

In Figure 3 (PAS1192-3, 2013, p.16) the common data environment workflow extracted from PAS119-2

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1.8 Common Data Environment – CDE (PIM) The principals of a Common Data Environment have been discussed within the construction industry since the year 2000. The software-as-a-source applications as developed by companies like Hewlett Packard have become available. The Common Data Environment is single source cloud based application for information deposits collected, and manages data through the project CAPEX period (conception, design and construction phase) to the OPEX (handover and operation) stages.

The project team can deposit graphical and non-graphical content, creating a single source of information and facilitates collaboration between project team members. CDE’s key attribute is that it prevents mistakes or duplication of work. 1.9 Handover & Closeout – (PIM)

At the end of the construction period the handover of the infrastructure/asset from the contractor to the employer takes place. This is done in stages, to ensure that any problems with the build need to be rectified, this is known as ‘Defects Liability period’. There is also period of handover known as a ‘soft landing’. A formal transfer of the Common Data Environment (CDE) to the employer will also take place. Below is an extract from PAS1192-2 in regards to this.

10.2.1 The effective transfer of structured information between the asset lifecycle stages delivers significant value. To effectively enable this, formal handover processes shall be documented in the EIR. The document shall define the structure, process and content of information to be exchanged. This document shall form the basis for the operational contract documentation. In addition, appropriate surveys such as point cloud or LiDAR shall be provided to verify the completeness of the as-constructed model.

British Standards Institute (BSI) & the Construction Industry Council (CIC): PAS1192-3(2014). Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using Building Information Modeling. Retrieved from http://shop.bsigroup.com

2.0 Project Information Model (PIM) At this point I would like to discuss the main object of this Level 2 procedure: the infrastructure itself. This is the commissioned Link road. As explained the different requirements needed to reach this stage: EIR, BEP, MIDP and Mobilization, from this the Project Information Model is finalized. The information delivery cycle has six objectives during the CAPEX stage: Brief, Concept, Design, Definition, Build & Commission, Handover and Closeout. During the end of each stage data drops are made to the suppliers information exchange in readiness of the next phase of the project. The

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supply of information is also transferred to the Employer as stipulated in the contract. Employer data drops only happen at stages: 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. 2.1 Asset Information Model (AIM) - OPEX There is a seventh stage: Operation this comes under the Asset Information Model (AIM). This comes into effect on handover of the project to the employer. This stage of the Level 2 process is governed by standard ISO 55001 (this supersedes PAS 55), and PAS1192-3. ISO 55001 (PAS 55): This standards set out a clear guide on how to optimize management of assets. A 28-point specification whole-life management system. and how to align the maintenance and operation of the asset with the aims and strategy of the business. This can be adopted for use on any form of infrastructure / asset. PAS1192-3 2014: Standard covers the same areas of governance as ISO 55001 (PAS 55) to achieve the of the operation optimization of infrastructure asset on handover:

2.2 Operations – COBie

Part of the operational function of level 2 BIM is the maintenance of an asset throughout its lifespan. On completion of a project all documentation associated is handed over form the contractor to the client. One crucial document is the Construction Operation Building information exchange or better known as COBie. The concept and development of this document was created in the US where it has proven to be a valuable tool in maintaining infrastructure. The format is a spreadsheet making it easy for all parties to input, communicate and exchange information for the duration of a project. COBie has been used successful as a go-to operations manual.N

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APENDIX

British Standards Institute. Construction Industry Council. Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using Building Information Modeling. Retrieved from http://shop.bsigroup.com (BS 1192-4:2014, PAS1192-3 2014).

British Standards Institute. Construction Industry Council. Specification for information management for the operational phase of assets using Building Information Modeling. Retrieved form http://shop.bsigroup.com (PAS1192-3: 2014).

British Standards Institute. (2014). Part 4: Fulfilling employer’s information exchange requirements using COBie – Code of practice. (BS 1192-4:2014). Retrieved from http://www.shop.bsigroup.org Central Bedfordshire Council. (2015). Layout of the woodland link road [Drawing] Retrieved from http://www.centralbedfordshier.gov.uk/65489/

Construction Project Information Protocol. (n.d.). CPIx BIM Execution Plan. Retrieved 14 October, 2015. from http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix /cpix-bim-execution-plan Committee.

Designing Buildings Wiki. (Last edited 20 Aug 2015). Employers information requirements for BIM. Retrieved from http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/ wiki/employer%27s_ information_ requirements_for_bim Department for Transport. The Highways Agency. (2015). Transport Guidance. Standards for highways online resources. Retrieved from http://www.gov.uk/guidance/standards-for-highways-online-resources. Department for Transport. The Highways Agency. Department Technical Approval of Highway Structures BD2/12, Volume 1, Section 1, Part 1. Retrieved from Williams Lea. volume 1, section 1, dmrb | standards for highways. Retrieved from http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf

Nesbitt N, (2013). Technical Review of the use of COBie in Civil Engineering and Infrastructure Handover. Strategy Paper for the Government Construction Client Group (BIM Industry Working Group). Retrieved from http://bimtaskgroup.org

Richards, M. (2013). Relationships between documents used for Information Management [Drawing]. In British Standards Institute (BSI) & the Construction Industry Council (CIC): 2013 Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modeling, p. 8.

Richards, M. (2013). Common data environment extracted from PAS1192-2 [Drawing]. In British Standards Institute (BSI) & the Construction Industry Council (CIC): 2013 Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modeling, p. 26.

Williams Lea. volume 1, section 1, dmrb | standards for highways. Retrieved from http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf

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