COURSE STRUCTURE

Each semester is approximately 20-21 weeks duration including examination. Each period about 15 minutes duration. There will be normally 4 sessions per day each about 100 minutes duration. 2 sessions of laborator is equivalent to 1 session of theory.

Total contact constitutes 15 sessions of theory and 4 sessions of laboratory per week.

M.TECH. (GEOMATICS)

COURSE SYLLABUS

ACADEMIC YEAR 2013-15

Offered by Survey Training Institute(in collaboration with Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University)

  M Tech (Geomatics)  

SL.No.Code No. Subject Theory Practical

Semester I

Theory

1 GM 1.1 Topographical Surveying and Mapping 42 GM 1.2 Introduction to Geodesy 43 GM 1.3 Elements of Photogrammetry 44 GM 1.4 Remote Sensing 45 GM 1.5 Object Oriented Programming System & DBMS for GIS 4

Lab

6 GM 1.6 OOPS & DBMS Lab 47 GM 1.7 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Lab 4

20 8

Semester II

Theory

8 GM 2.1 Digital Photogrammetry 49 GM 2.2 Advanced Geodesy 4

10 GM 2.3 Geographical Information System (GIS), Spatial Analysis and Modelling 411 GM 2.4 Digital Cartography, Visualization and Web GIS 412 GM 2.5 Project Management and Organizational Development 4

Lab

13 GM 2.6 Surveying and Geodesy Lab 414 GM 2.7 Geomatics Lab 4

20 8

Semester III & IV

Theory 15 GM 3.1 Elective 1 416 GM 3.2 Elective 2 417 GM 3.3 Project Work and Seminar

8

8

Electives 1

1 Spatial Data Infrastructures2 Cadastre & Land Administration3 Natural Resource and Disaster Management4 Water Resource Management

Electives 2

1 Word Wide Web Creation for Spatial Data Dissemination2 Urban Planning & Land Administration3 Environment Management4 Space & Marine Geodesy

GM 1.1 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING

Fundamental of Surveying:-Principles and methods of Surveying, Classification of Surveying, Maps design and Map Contents. Classification Control Survey:- Horizontal and vertical controls of different orders and their Accuracy standards. Horizontal Control:- Traverse: Principle of traverse, angular and linear measurements, corrections to observed values, Computations. Triangulation:- Principle of Triangulation, Reconnaissance, laying out of Geometrical figures on the ground, intervisibility, Mid-latitude, Short line and long line formulae, Computation of Coordinates, Satellite Station and its Computation. Vertical Control:- Classification of Vertical Controls, and their principles. Sources of Errors in Single and Double Tertiary Levelling and their accuracy standards. Adjustment of level net work. Instruments:- Instruments for Horizontal Control :- Chain, Tape, Theodolite, EDM, Total Station and GPS; their testing, adjustment. For Vertical Control :- Level, Clinometer and their testing and adjustment.

Large Scale Surveys:- Method and Planning of large Scale Survey viz. Chain Survey, Large Scale Planetabling Survey, Command Area Development and Project Surveys. Town utility Surveys. Engineering Survey:- Computation of Areas and Volumes. Setting out of Simple Circular, transition and vertical curves on ground. Setting out of alignments of roads, railways, pipelines and canals on ground. Mine Survey and setting out of Tunnels and Shafts. Cadastral Surveys:- Maintenance of Cadastral records, numerical and geographical data, land management information in digital environment.Application of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing in Cadastral Survey. Use of GPS and Palm – Top in the Modern trend in data acquisition in Cadastral Survey. Rectangulation and relocation of missing boundary pillars. Topographical Survey / Plane tabling:- Methods of Plane tabling Survey, data capture and ancillary records.

Total Station Survey:-Recording, down-loading, processing and final out put.

Fundamentals of Cartography: Definition and History of Cartography, Problems and their solutions in Map Making; Source data used in Map making; Classification of maps; Scale and different types of scales in map; Enlargement and Reduction of maps; Uses of maps; Numbering system of Topographical maps in India and Adjacent countries; International Numbering System.

Cartographic Techniques:- Principles of Drawing and Scribing of maps; Instruments for Fair drawing and Scribing; Symbol cards; Details of stages involved in Fair drawing and Scribing; Preparation of Mosaic, Guides, Originals, Scribed Negatives and Tint plates; Examination of Originals / Negatives / Proofs; History sheets and Publication Instructions.

Depiction of Names:-Standardization of Geographical names; Huntarian system of transliteration of Geographical names; Methods of lettering and style of lettering in maps.

Representation of Relief:-Importance of Relief representation in maps; Different methods of relief representation i.e. Contours, Hatchures, Layering, Hill shading, Spot height and their relative merits and demerits; Concepts of Cliff, Spur, Ridge, Saddle etc.,

Symbology:-Map contents and their methods of communications; Symbols; Classification of symbols(Qualitative and Quantitative); Creation of Symbols.

Map Compilation:-Geographical maps; Scale and Specifications of Geographical maps; Compilation of Geographical maps from existing Topographical maps; Generalization of details; Steps of compilation of Geographical maps.

Thematic mapping:-Definition of Thematic maps; Preparation of Thematic maps with Base map and Data; Qualitative mapping and Quantitative mapping; Isopleth, Chloropleth and Dasymetric mapping; Socio Economic theme.

Grid:-Use of Rectangular Grid in mapping; Advantages and disadvantages of grid projection in a map; Lambert Grid and UTM Grid; Indian Grids; Gridded maps of Survey of India.

Map Deign:-Basic elements of maps and their placement on maps; Clarity, Legibility and Balance in a map; Theory of Colours(Additive and Substrative); Visual variables.

Map Reproduction:-Basic Physics and Chemistry of Printing; Surface tension, Inks, Formation of solutions, Ph factors, Light sensitivity, Densitometry, Filters, Etchers, Developers, Toners, Process Cameras, Reflectometers, Densitometers, Sensitometers, Photographic filters; Papers and their characteristics.

Map Reproduction Techniques:-Plates-Metallic, Plastic, Anodized, Screen, Xerography, Principles of Lithography, Letter press, Silk screen, Electro static printing process; Wet & Dry plate photography, Process Camera, Screens, Colour separation Photography, Duplication of negatives, Powder process, Improvement of negatives, Retouching, Stripping in, Layering.

Printing Facility:-Plate making; Capacity and limitations of proving presses and Printing presses; Multicolour maps by four colour process, Modern computerized map printing process and Machines(BARCO map publishing system, Heidelberg printing machine).

Digitisation of Cartographic Documents:- Spatial Database(Concept of DTDB); Elements of Computer Assisted Cartography, Vector and Raster representation of Geographic Data; Different sources of data for creation of DTDB, Digitizing Softwares, Digital data collection from Cartographic documents and processing(Methods and Phases of digitization); Principles to be followed during digitization, Editing.

Digital Data Quality:-Sources of errors in Digital data, Quality control of Digital data by Softcopy checks, Hardcopy checks and using Programs(Data validation); Data maintenance / Updation.

Digital plotting:-Vector and Raster plotters and their applications for producing check plots, Plot drivers, Creation of plots for printing.

Data formats:-Different types of Vector and Raster data formats, Conversion from one format to another format, DVD format.

Georeferencing of Digital data:- Reference systems, Concept of Datum and Projection, Defining of Coordinate system to a file, Coordinate transformation(Affine 1) using control points.

Data Integration:-Data integration, Possible cases of data integration, Transformation of various projections, On-fly map projection, Datum shift, Map compilation in Digital environments from various sources.

Scanners and Digitizing Equipments:-Input and Output devices, PC based digital systems, Digitizers, Scanners, Plotters, Working principle of Scanner and its use for Onscreen digitization.

Data Presentation:-Concept of DCDB, Principles of digital representation of Cartographic data, Data extraction, Generalization, Symbolization including Patterning, Cell and creation of Cell Library, Font library, Annotation, Map Design and Publishing.

Database and Outputs:-Non spatial database, Basics of dBase V & MSAccess.

Text Books :

1. Surveying & Levelling Vol. I & II - By R. Agor 2. David Clark Volume I & II 3. Surveying Vol. I, II - Punmia

4 Cartography by Robinson5 Notes on Digital Cartography -Survey of India

GM 1.2 – INTRODUCTION TO GEODESY

Basic Mathematics for Geodesy : Spherical Trignometry : Difinitions, Properties of great circle, spherical angle, spherical triangle and its properties, som theorems on spherical triangle, some fo;rmulae in spherical trigonometry like sine casine formula, sine formula, sine half a angle formula, casine half side formula, tangent half side formulae etc. Four part formula, Right angled and quadrant triangle, Napier rule of Circular parts.

Map Projection :Introduction to Map Projection, Purpose and methods of map projection, classification of map projection. Some simple projection, stereographic colar Azimuthal projection, construction of simple cylindrical projection and conical projection. Polyconic projection, properties and drawbacks of polyconic projection, Formulae of polyconic projection. Conformal map projections, Isometric Latitude, Scale factor, Conditions of conformality, Scale factor evaluation, Geometry of projected curve, Meridian convergence. Lambers conformal conic projection, properties of LCC projection, Indian Grid System, Construction of LCC projection, Formulae of LCC Projection. Mercator projection, Tranverse mercator projection, Universal tranverse Mercator projection, construction of UTM projection, Formulae of UTM Projection.

Astronomy :Celestial Sphere, Definition of various terms used in Astronomy. Celestial coordinate system. Special position of stars. Variations in celestial coordinates, precession and nutation. Time System – Sidereal time, ephemeris time, Atomic time, local sidereal Time, equation of equinoxes, sidereal day, Universal (solar) time, Apparent and mean solar time, equation of time, Rotational time system UTO,UT1,UT2, Conversion of time and problems.

Geomatric Geodesy :Datums – Everest spheroid, GRS-80, WGS-84,ITRF, Transformation of coordinates from one datum to another. Mean sea level, Geoid and MSL in India. Coordinate system in Geodesy. Geometry of ellipsoid, Radii of curvature etc. Level surface & Plumbline deflection of vertical Geodal separation, Natural coordinates, Astrogeodetic deflection, Potential number and orthometric height, different height system.

Physical Geodesy : Newtonian Attraction and Potential, Laplace equation in spherical coordinates, solution of Laplace equation. Legendre’s polynomicals, Legendre’s Associated function, Finding the values of Po,P Ellipsoidal coordinates system in space.Normal ellipsoid, Normal Gravity, International Gravity formula.

Satellite Geodesy:- Introduction to Satellite Geodesy, Keplerian motion, Geometry of ellipse, Kepler ellipse in space.

Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System:-Introduction to GPS, space, control and user segment.Fundamentals of GPS signal and data, GPS signal characteristics, signalStructure, code and pseudo-range measurement, Ambigious carrier phase,Ionospheric and topospheric delay, Multipath effects, Ambiguity, Ambiguity Resolution, RINEX format. Satellite Geometry and AccuracyMeasures, UERE,GDOP,PDOP etc,High Accuracy GPS surveying technique, Rapid Static surveying, Stop and Go, Kinematic GPS surveying, Real time GPS surveying technique,DGPS and TRK GPS surveying technique, RTCM data transmission, DGPS/RTK services.Field observation and Processing.

Mobile GPS – Principles of Mobile GIS and Positioning Techniques:- Introduction to Mobile Mapping, Overview on Mobile Mapping S/W, Pre-processing and field verification, Data Integration/post processing.

Referebces - Map projection use by US Geological Survey by John.P.Snyder . Notes on Map Projection by B.P.Nainwal

Conformal map projection by Edward J.K.Krakiwsky Spherical and Practical Astronomy – by Ivan I.Mueller Notes on Astronomy – by Shri Bachi Ram

Geodesy by Wolfgang Torge Physical Geodesy by Helmut Moritz and W.Heiskanen Notes on Physical Geodesy by B.P.Nainwal

Satellite Geodesy by G.Seeber Note on Satellite Geodesy and GPS by B.P.Nainwal

Geodesy by G.Seaber

GM 1.3 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Functions of human eye :- Structure and function of human eye. Angular resolution (Acuity) of human eye, accommodation and convergence. Parallactic angle. Stereofusion practice.

Optics of Photogrammetry:- Optics of Photogrammetry: Reflection, refraction, mirror, lens, prism and their use in photogrammetric instruments. Image rotation, lens equation, lens errors, Optical trains and their manipulation. Lens distortion – radial symmetric, radial asymmetric and tangential components, Lens aberration – different types and causes. Effect in image quality. Basic concept of interference, diffraction, polarization. Laser radiation and coherent beams.

Aerial Camera /Digital scanner:- Geometry of Analog aerial camera. Construction and working. Lens cone assembly. Shutter, Film flattening device. Pressure plate. Interior and exterior Nodal points. Exposure time. Exposure Cycle. Exposure interval and control of Exposure time. Camera cone Narrow angle, Wide-angle and Super wide-angle cameras – applications. GPS, INS and other auxiliary devices. Atmospheric scattering. Minus blueM filter. Forward motion compensation technique, Camera calibration – Measuring. Calibrated and equivalent focal length. Principal point position. Fiducial marks. Effect of atmospheric refraction and earth curvature. (Without mathematical formulation and derivations). Digital camera – a brief overview, Difference between the geometry of digital frame camera and digital linear array sensors

Photography& Proessing of Aerial Films :- Conventional Black and White Processing, Characteristics of photo emulsions, Colour film processing technique, Assessment of the quality of photography, Imperfections in the output during pre-processing and postprocessing, physical imperfections and their remedies, Printing and Duplication, Printing of Diapositives.

Aerial Photo Indexing and Planimetric mapping:- Indexing of aerial photograph on a map. Difference between aerial photo and map.Photo mosaics and photo maps. Compilation of topographical details from aerial photograph.

Basic Photogrammetry:- Definition of Photogrammetry and general applications. Role of Photogrammetry in mapping.Geometry of vertical aerial photograph. Photo Centre, Principle of Perspective Geometry. Photogrammetric bundle of rays. Colinearity condition. Overlaps - fore and aft overlaps. Concept of a model. Types of aerial photograph. Basic definitions, scale of a vertical aerial photograph. Distortion in a photograph. Radial line assumption. Effect of Relief and Tilt displacements and their rectification. Effect of shadow. Scale of tilted aerial photograph. Oblique photography.

Analogue Instruments:- Classification of analogue instruments as per projection system, application and use, according to performance and accuracy IO, RO ,AO in analogue plotters

Basics of Stereo Photogrammetry: - Stereoscopic depth perception. Stereoscope – construction and principle. Stereoscopy and Pseudoscopy. Difference between direct and indirect stereovision. Methods for indirect stereo vision, Anaglyph. Principle of floating mark. Geometry of Stereoscopic coverage, concept of Stereoscopic parallax, Elevation determination by parallax formulae, Contouring and numerical adjustments from parallax observations on stereopair, parallax bar. Terrestrial Photogrammetry:- Brief description of photo Theodolite and Stereometric Camera. Applications of terrestrial and close range Photogrammetry. Special problems in close range Photogrammetry. Accuracy standards. Close range camera calibration. Torlegard’s method. Direct linear transformation. Use of non-metric camera.

Basic Mathematics for Photogrammetry:- Quadratic roots and values, classes.

500

Transformation geometry:- Crossratio, principle of duality, projectivity and Perspectivity. Projective, Affine, Linear Conformal (similarity) and Orthogonal Transformations and their properties.

Statistics:- Measures of Central tendency : Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, histograms, variance, covariance, correlation and regression. Types of errors, weights, standard deviation, accuracy and precision, method of Least squares, parametric method and method of condition equations.

Adjustment Calculus:- Frequency distribution, sample and population mean, Normal distribution, binominal distribution, Poission’s distribution, Chy square Test, Pearsono distribution.

Text Books :

Elements of Photogrammetry by Paul R. Wolf

References :

- Modern Photogrammetry - Edward M. Mikhail- Photogrammetry Vol I - Kranss- Mannual Photogrammetry - ALBERT D- Principles and Application of Photo Geology - Shiv Pandey- Aerial Photographic Interpretation - Luedar D.R. M.C. Graw hill

GM 1.4 REMOTE SENSING

Concepts and Foundation of R.S::- Stages of Remote Sensing, Energy sources, radiation principles, electromagnetic spectrum, major divisions of E.M.S., Interaction with atmosphere, interaction with surface.

Remote Sensing platforms and sensors:-Platforms – Geostationary – Sun-synchronous / polar / land observation satellites, (RS, IRS system, LISS images, Landsat Thematic Mapper, ETM plus, SPOT, ERS, JERS, Radarsat, IKONOS, QUICKBIRD, Resourcesat, cartosat etc.,Types of sensors as per the source of energy and scanning mode – whisk broom – push broom sensors.

Characteristics / Parameters of Sensor:-Spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolutions, data storage formats – BIL, BIP, BSQ., Radiometric aspects and its corrections:Periodic line dropouts, periodic line strippings, filtering of Random noise. Geometric aspects and its corrections:Systematic and non-systematic geometric corrections.Atmospheric aspects and its corrections.

Image Enhancement Techniques:-Contrast enhancements – linear, non-linear – Square root stretch, square stretch, logarithmic stretch, exponential stretch, arc tangent stretch, Guassian stretch, histogram equalization, pseudo-coloring, density slicing, principal component analysis etc.,Visual image interpretation, key elements in visual image interpretation –Topographic – flat surface, sloping surface and high hill surfaceGeologic - rough surface, smooth surface, surface created by witheringVegetation - trees, forests, bushes, natural grass,Visual interpretation aids – shape, size, shadow, site, tone, texture, pattern, Association, Resolution etc.

Classification:-Supervised classification – training stage, classification stage, output stage, parallelepiped classifier / Box classifier, minimum distance to means classifier, Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier,Un-supervised classification.,Classification accuracy. Image transforms: Arithmetic operations, principal component Analysis (PCA), IHS transform, Fourier transform, wavelet transform.Filtering techniques: Spatial domain low-pass (smoothing) filters, high-pass (sharpening) filters, spatial domain detectors, frequency domain filters, Hyperspectral Remote Sensing – Spectroscopy, image cube, AVIRIS, Spectral Matching, spectral Mixing Analysis, Data Libraries, MODIS, Processing of hyper spectral data application, Thermal radiometry, microwave radiometery, Thermal scanners, thermal properties of objects, geometry of images, thermal image and its interpretation, heat capacity mapping mission, TM Thermal data, Active Microwave – Geometry of the radar image, wavelength, penetration of the radar signal, polarization, look direction and look angle, real aperture systems, synthetic aperture systems, interpreting brightness values, satellite image radars, LIDAR, Introduction of advanced classification and pattern recognition methods in image analysis, image segmentation based classification, Subpixel classification, introduction to fuzzy vs crisp classification, Expert classification – Artificial Neutral Networks (ANN), Evaluation of the results of data processing.

Text Books :

Introductory Digital Image Processing by John R. JensonReferences : Remote Sensing Principle and Interpretation - Floyed F. Sabins

Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation - Thomas Lilles and Ralph W. KieferRemote Sensing of Environment - Lintz J and SimonattRemote Sensing - Dr. Anji Reddy

GM 1.5 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND DBMS

INTRODUCTION TO C++ :- C vsC++, Object Based Vs Object Oriented Programming Languages, OOP Concepts, Structure of the C++ program. Abstract Data types, Classes and Objects, Data Encapsulation, Data Abstraction and Data Hiding, Functions in C++ - Main function, Inline function, Static Member function, Constant Member function, Friend function, Constructor-characteristics of a constructor – types of Constructors, Destructors – Characteristics of a destructor, Polymorphism – types of Polymorphism, Function Overloading, Operator Overloading, Virtual functions, inheritance – types of Inheiritance, Managing Console I/O operations – C++ streams and stream classes. Working with Files, Templates, Exception Handling, Namespaces, Data structure with Linked lists.

SQL:-Query language, Types of Query Language, Origin of SQL, Sub languages of SQL, Creating and managing tables, Identifying keys in tables, Implementing Data Integrity, retrieving data from multiple tables using joins, Types of Joins, Creating Views, types of views, Implementing Transaction, Table space, Oracle Data block, Implementing Indexes, Package, Creating Triggers, Types of triggers, Designing database using an Entity Relationship diagram, Normalizing and Denormalizing data.

Textbooks :-Object Oriented Analysis and Design with Application-GRADY BOOCH. References :- Stephen Prata – C++ Primes plus Programming in C++ by Balaguruswamy, Problem Solving in C++, The OOP, fourth edition,W .Savitch, Pearson education. Websites : www.orafaq.com

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Database Systems – Definition, Purpose, Data abstraction, Instances and Schemes, Data independence, introduction to DDL, DML, Database manager, Database administrator, Database users, Overall system structure.

Entry Relationship Model – Entities, Entity sets, Relationships, Relationship sets, Mapping constraints, Primary keys, E.R. diagram, Reduction of E.R diagram to tables, Generalization, Aggregation.

Relational Model – Structure, Relational algebra, Relational calculus, Commercial query languages, SQL, QUEL , Query by examples.

Relational Database Design – Pitfalls in design, Functional dependency, Normal forms 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, Multi value dependency, 4NF.

Indexing and Hashing – Basic Concepts, Indexing, B+ - Tree Index files, B-Tree Index files, Static Hash functions, Dynamic hash functions, Comparison of indexing & hashing, Index definition in SQL, Multiple-Key Access.

Network Data Model – Basic concepts, Tree structured diagrams, Mapping of hierarchies to files, Virtual records.

Hierarchical Data Model – Basic concepts, Tree structured diagrams, Mapping of hierarchies to files, Virtual records.

Crash Recovery – Failure classification, Shadow paging Concurrency control – Serializability, Locking Validation techniques, Multiple Granularity.Textbooks :

1. Database Systems concepts by HENRY F. KORTH, Abraham Siberschatz Mc Graw 1988.

2. Database Management Systems by Raghurama Krishnan, Johannes Gehrke, TATA McGrawHill 3rd Edition.Refernces :

1. Database Management Systems by P.Radha Krishna HI-TECH Publications2005.2. Database Management System by Mathew Leon, Leon Vikas.3. Principles of Database Systems – Jaffery D. Ullman – Galgotia4. An Introduction to Database Systems Vol 1, 3rd Edition – C J Date, - Narosa5. Database Management Systems – Arun K. Majundar and P.Bhatta Charya – Tata Mc. Grall Hill Publications, New Delhi.

LABORATORY AND PRACTICALS

GM 1.6 LABORATORY ON OOPS AND DBMS

Practical & Programming on C++, JAVAGM 1.7 LABORATORY ON ANALOGUE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

SEMESTER-II

GM 2.1 DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Analytical Photogrammetry : Coordinate systems for image measurements : Simple scales for photographic measurements, Measurement of Photo coordinates with tablet digitizer, Mono and Stereo comparator measurements of photo coordinates. Model coordinates in case of analogue instruments. Scanner coordinate system. Refinement of photo coordinates. Film distortions, failure of fiducial axis to inter intersect at PP, lense distortions, atmospheric refraction distortions, earth curvature distortions.

Orientation Procedures : Purpose of fiducial marks, image coordinate system and object space coordinate system. IO, EO procedures in analytical and digital photogrammetry. Advantage of digital IO over analogue and analytical system. Advantages of digital EO over analogue system.

Concepts of block / bundle / strip adjustments : What is block. Types of Block adjustments. Planning of photo control. Selecting photo control images. Number and location of photo control. Bundle Block adjustment (IO, EO). Colinearity condition equations. Epipolar Geometry, Space resection and space intersection. Reasons for Digital AT superior over analogue AT.

Digital Photogrammetry : Digital Photogrammetric Systems, Digital Photogrammetric work Station and its configuration. Photogrammetric Scanners. Inputs to DPWS. Various formats of data. 3D visualization in Digital environment; Anaglyph, polarization, Image matching, Line interleaved, quad buffer, IO, RO manual / automatic process, AO automatic. EO parameters. Accuacy assessment of the Block Feature extraction by 2D. Feature extraction by 3D, Data models, Symbol library, feature classification, Coding, feature collection, Annotation, database attachments, interactive editing and layer concepts. Advantages in Digital Photogrammetry, Automatic tie point generation. Quality control of DTDB. Digital Photogrammetric Softwares.

Introduction of conceps of DTM: Digital surface modeling by DTM/DHM and DSM /DEM. Interpolation techniques: GRID and TIN, break lines, profiles, mass points / random points. Factors influence choice of sampling patterns. DTM generation process : pre-processing, main processing, post processing. Differential rectification, mosaicing. Digital ortho photograph generation.

Different sampling techniques : Manual, semi-automatic, automatic sampling techniques. Storage of GRID TIN and its data base structure. Data sources / Input to DTM; Direct and indirect data collection methods; field survey, photogrammetry and remote sensing data, maps. Quality assessment of different DTM collection techniques, empherical methods of assessing DTM accuracy.

Aerial Triangulation - GPS supported AT : Geometric relationship between a camera and GPS antenna with respect to position and attitude. Synchronisation of GPS coordinates with camera exposures. Entering GPS coordinates and INS parameters in bundle block adjustments for each exposure stations. Requirement with GPS and INS data.Air borne laser terrain mapping (ALTM) : Concepts of ALTM. Definition, objectives of ALTM. Applications and advantages of ALTM. System components of ALTM. Different types of Technologies used in ALTM (LIDAR & RADAR).

GM 2.2 ADVANCED GEODESY

Vector Calculus : Differential operators, Gradient of a scalar point function, Divergence of a vector, Laplacian operator, Curl of a vector function, Vector Identities (Gradient, Divergence and Curl of Products), Gauss Divergence theorem, Stoke’s theorem.

Differtial Geometry : Space curves, Arc Length, Unit tangent vector of a curve, Equation of tangent line to a curve at a given point. Osculating plane, Noemal line and normal plane, Principle normal Serret - Frenet Formulae.

Advanced Map Projection : Azimuthal and equidistance projection, polar zenithal gnomonic projection, stereographic projection, Cassini projection, Galls cylindrical projection etc., choice of a projection, Construction of some important projection - Assignment on map projection.

Advanced Astronomy : Field determinations - Determination of astronomic latitude, longitude and Azimuth. Correction of observed quantities.

Advanced Geometric Geodesy : Brief History of Indian Geodetic Triangulation, Classification of control survey, Traingulation, Trilateration, GPS etc., Geodetic Triangulation, reconnaissance / observation / computation, correction applied to horizontal angles, Clark Mid latitude formula for computing latitude and longitude, Height precision levelling, observation procedure, precaution and data reduction.

Advanced Physical Geodesy : Anomalous Gravity field, Gravity anomaly, Brun’s formula, Fundamental equation of physical geodesy, Stokes, function, Stokes, function in terms of spherical harmonics, Solution of Stokes’ function, Deflection of vertical formula of vening Meinesz. Gravimetry, Gravity reductions, Free Air, Bouger and Isostic Reduction. Earth Gravity Model, Brief history of Gravimetry in India.

Advanced Satellite Geodesy : Perturbed satellite motion, Representation of Perturbed orbital motion, Osculating and mean orbital elements. Lagrange’s Perturbation equation, Gaussian form of Perturbation equation. Disturbed motion due to anomalous earth gravity field, other perturbation in the satellite orbit.

Advanced Global Positioning System / Global Navigation Satellite system : Various possible applications of GPS, Laser ranging satellite altimetry, VLBI, Introduction to GONASS, GALILEO, GNSS Satellite.

GM 2.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS), SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND MODELLING

Introduction to GIS : Spatial data and Geoinformation, spatial data types and Non Spatial data types. Representation of Spatial Data (Vector data model and Raster data model), Principles of GIS, Components of GIS, Functions of GIS, GIS Software packages.

Coordinate system & data input : Different types of geographic phenomena, Geographic fields and objects, Spatial reference system, Datum transformations, Map Projections. Digital data collection from various sources (GPS, Total Station, Maps, Aerial Photographs, Satellite Imagery etc.) Attribute data input and management.

Topology : Computer representation of Geographic Information, Representation of Geographic fields and objects, Topology and spatial relationships, Topology rules, Importance of Topology in GIS.

Spatial Data analysis : Classification of analytic GIS capabilities, Classification of spatial distribution and measurement, Overlay functions, Neighbourhood functions, Spatial selection queries. Preparation of reports.

Spatial Data visualization : GIS and Maps, Visualisation process and strategies, Mapping of qualitative and quantitative data.

Network Analysis : Introduction to the basic elements of Network data model, Preparation of Network datasets, Defining connectivity and cost performing network analysis (Shortest / Optimal path, Allocation, Location - Allocation)

Surface Analysis : TIN data model, Raster surface, Spatial interpolation, Data sources and surface model generation, Surface display, Profile generation, Visibility analysis (View shed and intervisibility), Volume calculation, Slope and aspect calculation, Watershed analysis.

Quality assessment of spatial data : Quality assessment of spatial data and procedures, Limitations of GIS in the field of real time applications. Accuracy and Precision, Attribute accuracy, Temporal accuracy, Completeness, Error on maps, Root mean square error, Accuracy tolerance, Error propagation in spatial data processing, Spatial data transfer and its standards.

GM 2.4 CARTOGRAPHY, VISUALISATION & WEB GIS

Cartography in relation to Internet GIS : Cartographic design principles, to different kinds of visualizations of geospatial data, cartographic design aspects and components of GIS based map production processes. Geoinformation production work flow, introduction to process modeling, work flow management and performance analysis, operation management.

System architecture for GIS production : GI production and dissemination .design options for integrated GI systems and services. Basic principles ,processes, automation related issues limitations a solutions of cartographic generalization in multiscale representation. Integration of data from different sources

Data acquisition: Definition of specifications of data acquisition, Quality control for different production stages, Impact of new spatial data acquisition technologies in the generation of Topographical maps(i.e. data collection ,processing ,visualization, Map lay out and production of Hard copy)

Data Dissemination: Basic concepts and techniques of dissemination and use of geospatial data in a distributed environment, Introduction to inter-active mapping, Role of web maps as one of the cartographic presentation products, Cartographic web map design constraints in relation to internet technologies

Internet GIS : Introduction to distributed internet GIS, Introduction, Distributed GIS - Basic components, Applications of distributed GIS.

Introduction to Networking : Network environments protocols, TCP/IP, LAN, WAN, Data exchange b/w 2 terminals.

Client / Server computing & distributed component framework: Client, Server, Glue, Client-Server system partition, 2-tier, 3-tier & n-tier architectures, advantages & disadvantages of client-server architecture.

Web Mapping : Static map publishing, clickable maps, architecture of static web publishing, web mapping architecture, client-HTML viewer, HTTP server with CGI, Map server & other server, side applications, Web-mapping options & objects, Web mapping applications.

Asp. NET using c#: Introduction to web technologies, Asp.net introduction, server side controls, state management, Ado.net configuration, Asp.net (tracing security)

Web enabled GIS: Principles of metadata, Principles of distributed spatial databases dessimination, Principles of XML and GML, Interoperability, Web enabled transaction processing using the extended mark up language

GM 2.5 PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Project Management : Introduction, What is a project What is project management ? Relationship to other Management Discipline, Project management context, Project phases & Project life cycle, Project stakeholders, Organisational influences, Key general management skills, Social-economic-environmental influences,

Project management processes: Initiation, Planning, execution, controlling and closing. Project Integration Management, Project Plan development, Project plan execution, Integrated change control. Project Scope Management, Scope planning, scope definition, scope verification, scope change control.

Project Time Management: Activity definition, Activity sequencing, Activity duration, Estimating, Schedule development, Schedule control.

Project Cost Management: Resource Planning, Cost Estimating, Cost Budgeting, Cost Control. Project Quality Management, Quality Planning, Quality Assurance, Quality Control. Project Human Resource Management, Organisational Planning, Staff acquisition, Team Development. Project Communication Management, Communication Planning, Information Distribution, Performance Reporting, Administrative Closure. Project Risk Management, Risk Management Planning, Risk Identification, Qualitative Risk Analysis, Quantitative Risk Analysis, Risk Response Planning, Risk Monitoring & Control. Project Procurement Management, Procurement Planning, Solicitation Planning, Solicitation, Source selection, Contract Administration, Contract Closeout.

Organisation Development : Strategic Visioning, Mission, Vision, organizational changes for the effective production of GIS case study :GIS project successes and failures. Strategic management ,strategic planning processes ,vision goals performance indicators. operations management.

Business process modeling: Modeling, performance analysis, workflow management, Resource management, costing of services, total quality management

2.6 SURVEYING GEODESY LAB

Control Survey by GPS, Total station, Missing Pillar, Feature extraction by total station, updation of Maps by Mobile mapping, Collection of Attribute data for GIS. Laboratory test on above items for full day.

2.7 GEOMATICS LAB Digitisation using CAD/CAM software, GIS Digitisation, attribute entry, Vector and Raster

Analysis, 3D Analysis, Reports making, Chart graph preparation, Arcinfo, gram ++ Softwares, Import/Export of file from one software to other XML/GML data prepration. Demonstration on Network Analysis and Web GIS.

Editing by Malleswar