10/28/2019

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CWD Surveillance & Management in Minnesota: Fall 2019

Dr. Michelle Carstensen

Wildlife Health Program

October 29, 2019

Chronic Wasting Disease: What is it?

• CWD is a slowly progressive, brain disease of deer, elk, moose, and reindeer

• CWD belongs to the family of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases

• Not caused by a virus, fungus, or bacteria – mis-shapen protein

• Spread animal-to-animal, mostly through saliva, feces, urine

Photo by Terry Kreeger

Clinical Disease

Photo by J. Skukrud

Both Deer are CWD-Positive Top Photo: Pre-clinical diseaseBottom Photo: Clinical disease

Understanding the CWD Agent

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• Infectious agent is called a prion, which is a mis-shapen protein

• It can remain infectious for years outside of the host body, readily binds to soil and can even be uptakenby plant roots.

• Extremely difficult to denature

• Heat must be >1500°F to destroy

• Normal disinfectants, such as bleach, do not destroy prions

• Recent study showed 40% bleach solution over 5 minutes was effective for surface decomtamination

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Things are NOT OK in areas with CWD

What we know …

• Disease is 100% fatal

• Deer that are infected (but not symptomatic) have higher mortality rates than uninfected deer

• Bucks are 3x more likely to have the disease

• Yearling males are CWD delivery systems

• The percentage of infected deer increases annually, in addition to a larger geographic area

• The disease is having a negative effect on long-term deer densities in other states

We are trying to avoid this …

Adult males = 55% CWD+

Adult females = 35% CWD+

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CWD in Southeast MN

• 50 cases of CWD found in wild deer in SE MN from 2016-present

• Counties affected include Fillmore, Winona, and Houston

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CWD Prevalence in DPA 603

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Apparent CWD Prevalence in DPA 603 • CWD prevalence is still low in DPA 603; however, increased from 2017 to 2018

• This infection appears to be persisting in the Preston-Lanesboro area and spreading outward

• The original CWD response was written in 2011 by staff in the DNR’s Wildlife Health Program

• It focused on the prescriptive steps we would take if the disease is found

• The current update was developed in 2018 and incorporates:

• The most recent science

• CWD plans from other states and provinces

• Discussions with CWD experts around the country

DNR released updated CWD Surveillance and Management Plan

• Initial Detection. When we first find CWD (holdover from 2011 plan), and are trying to determine how bad it is… “Honeymoon Phase”

• Transition to a Persistent Infection. Decision points to determine when CWD may not be eliminated

• Persistent Infection. Disease that we may not eliminate, but stays at low levels

• Endemic Disease. When CWD becomes established and self-maintaining, regardless of management intervention

MN CWD Plan Elements-Updated 2019

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First detection of CWD in a wild deer in Crow Wing County

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How to Best Invest of Limited Financial Resources?

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Formulated Plans for Fall 2019

• Evaluated the data from all 3 area with CWD, as well as positives near borders (WI and IA)

• Drew new boundaries and formulated plans for fall 2019

• Implement strategies and actions laid out in our 2019 CWD Management Plan

• Public engagement and outreach

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InitialCWD

Response

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Human Dimensions Research

• 2018 SE hunter and landowner studies

• Regulations

• Potential use of incentives

• Satisfaction

• 2019 – 2020

• Lapsed deer hunter survey (losing them a variety of ways)

• Statewide general public CWD survey

• Statewide hunter CWD survey

CWD regulations should…

…provide financial incentive for harvest

…be passive and let nature take its course

…be no different than hunt regs. in surrounding area

…take precedent over other hunt regs.

…be designed to reduce deer density

…provide a non-financial incentive for harvest

…be as aggressive as possible in the short-term

…not impact local economies

…not impact hunter participation

…be designed to limit disease spread

Disagree Neutral Agree

Support for potential regulations to manage CWD

Oppose Neutral SupportMust take more than one doe before buck

Professional culling in targeted areas after season

Must take doe before buck

Earn extra buck tag with doe harvest

Unlimited buck take in 603

Muzzleloader weekend in October

Postseason muzzleloader hunts

Longer early antlerless season

Expand the size of the disease mgmt. zone

Free landowner permits to use before season

Reduce landowner free permit acres requirement

Longer youth season

Create hunter/landowner database

Prohibit carcass export, including fawns

Take one buck per season (bow, gun, muzzle.

Ban recreational deer feeding

Expanded venison donation program

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Southeast Deer Movement Study

2012© Wanda Embar2012© Wanda Embar

Objectives

• Document dispersal patterns and estimate activity ranges of juvenile males and females (≈ 1-year-old), and adult males (>2-years-old).

• Utilize information on juvenile dispersal (in particular) to map and inform corridors of possible CWD spread.

• Determine general causes of mortality.

• Want more? Visit website: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/cwd/deer-movement-study.html

Southeast MN Deer Movement Study

Collared Deer on Air – as of 10/23/19

• 47 mortalities: 15 hunter-harvested, 12 capture-related or unknown, 4 agency-culled, 6 poor health/condition, 6 due to vehicle collision, and 4 unknown cause

• 86/165 collars deactivated due to hardware failure (expansion or electronics)

• Actively monitoring 61 deer

- 33 does

- 28 bucks

A. Spaulding

Southeast MN Deer Movement Study

Preliminary Results – Spring 2019

• Pre-dispersal winter (natal) home range is what we would expect.

• Both sexes had similar probability of dispersing in Spring 2019– about 45%.

• In Spring 2018, more females dispersed

• Median dispersal distance similar between sexes – about 10-11km.

• Unlike 2018, longest trek was from a juvenile male – 86.9km or 54mi.

• In 2018, a juvenile female went 77 mi

Cohort n Avg. Home Range 95% LCI 95% UCI

Juvenile female 34 1.84 km2 / 0.71 mi2 1.46 2.19

Juvenile male 22 2.65 km2 / 1.02 mi2 1.69 3.45

TOTAL 56

Cohort n % Dispersing 95% CI Median Distance min-max

Juvenile female 34 44% (15) 28-62% 10.1km/6.3mi 4.8-47.1

Juvenile male 22 46% (10) 25-67% 11.2km/7.0mi 4.0-86.9

TOTAL 56

SPRING DISPERSAL (15-April to 15-July 2019)

NATAL HOME RANGE

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Southeast Deer Movement Study

Future Directions

• Collect data on collared deer until they die, collars fall off, or collars stop transmitting –in all cases we will attempt to recover collars.

• Year 2 collar hardware and software have been improved (according to the maker) –fingers crossed.

• Capture and deploy GPS collars on 45 juvenile females and 45 juvenile males in a new cohort of animals around Jan-Feb 2020.

Expanded Southeast CWD Management ZoneNEW – CWD Control Zone

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CWD Management Zone - Southeast• Early-antlerless season• No-limit antlerless ($2.50 disease

management licenses)• Late-season special hunts• Up to 3 legal bucks per hunter per

year; 1 legal buck per licensed season – SE CWD Management Zone Only

• No antler point restriction (APR)• Cross-tagging bucks is allowed• Mandatory testing during all

seasons: all deer 1 year of age and older; fawns voluntarily

• All deer carcasses including fawns cannot leave management zone until test results are confirmed; meat or quarters may leave immediately

CWD Control Zone – Southeast • No antler point restriction (APR)• All deer carcasses including fawns

cannot leave the control or management zones until a test result is confirmed; meat/quarters may leave immediately

• Mandatory testing of all deer 1 year of age and older during the first two days of the A and B firearms seasons

New Zone 604, North-central MN

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New Regulations:

• Early- antlerless season• No-limit antlerless for all seasons ($2.50 disease

management licenses)• Late-season special CWD hunts end of December; can

use any unused tags• 1 legal buck per hunter per year• Mandatory CWD testing during all seasons• Fawns voluntary tested• Deer feeding and deer attractants ban in place and in

surrounding counties• Carcass movement restrictions in place within DPA 604

until test results are reported

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Ban on recreational deer feeding

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• Feeding deer and placing salt/mineral blocks is prohibited in the areas identified in the central counties on the map.

• In both the southeast and north central counties with feeding bans, not only is deer feeding prohibited, but so are attractants that are capable of attracting or enticing deer, including any product that contains or claims to contain cervid urine, blood, gland oil, feces or other bodily fluids.

• Food placed as a result of normal agricultural practices is generally exempted from this rule; however, cattle operators are advised to take steps that minimize contact between deer and cattle.

CWD Sampling Stations in the SE and NC Zones

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Self-service Sampling Stations: Available all of archery and muzzleloader season throughout SE (n=16) and NC (n=6) zone. Heads are picked up 3x/week and samples shipped to lab.

During Firearm Season:

• All stations staffed by DNR and students (>400 people working)

• Open 9am to 7pm daily, everyday of firearms season

• Most stations will have quartering stations and dumpsters available as well

How do we test for CWD?

• Extract retropharyngeal lymph nodes and ship to University of Colorado for testing.

• ELISA takes 3-4 business days and will tell us if a deer is “suspect” or “not detected”

• If suspect, sample is confirmed with the disease using immunohistochemistry (IHC), takes about a week

• Confirmed CWD-positive deer carcasses & meat are recovered and brought to the alkaline digester at the UMN Veterinary Diagnostic Lab in St. Paul, whenever possible

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What Does a Hunter Need to do to be Compliant in a CWD Zone?

• Harvest your deer as normal and register the animal through the phone, internet or walk-in Big Game Station

• Bring the deer to a nearby CWD Sampling Station for sampling

• List of those locations in the Hunting Regs Book and on the CWD webpage

• Don’t bring the whole carcass out of the CWD Zone until “not detected” results are received (4-5 business days, on average)

• Options inside the CWD Zones for carcass management and trophy deer include: trained taxidermists that are collecting samples, meat processors, quartering stations and dumpsters

• Hunters can hang their deer at “camp” like normal and process their animals to their choosing; just can’t take whole deer out of zone without test results

• We encourage hunters that process deer themselves to either use our provided dumpsters or keep the remains close-by and away from scavengers, and if the deer is a CWD-suspect, we’ll pick those remains up for proper disposal

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Results from Fall 2019 CWD Surveillance, Sept 14-Oct 28th

• North-Central CWD Zone

• Collected 600 samples: 538 “not-detected” and 62 pending

• Southeast CWD Zone

• Collected 1,189: 1,035 “not detected”, 152 pending, 1 confirmed CWD-positive, and 1 CWD-suspect

• CWD-positive: Yearling male harvested in DPA 648, near CWD Core Area south of Preston

• CWD-suspect: Yearling female harvested in DPA 636, same location has fall 2018 case in Houston County

• Test results updated and available on www.dnr.state.mn.us/cwdcheck

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CWD Funding: Request vs. Appropriated

Fund FY20Request

FY20 Appropriated

FY21 Request

FY21 Appropriated

Total ReqFY20-FY21

Total App FY20-FY21

General Fund 2.41 1.595 2.16 0.275 4.57 1.87

Game and Fish - 1.125 - 1.675 - 2.80

Cervid Health –Adopt a Dumpster

- 0.050 .05

Total 2.41 2.77 2.16 1.95 4.57 4.72

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CWD Spend by Category

In thousands (as of 10/22/19)

Category Expended Encumbered Total

Salary 115.0 645.2 760.2

CSU CWD Sample Testing 0.8 381.4 382.2

USDA-Culling Contract - 350.0 350.0

Contracts: CWD Tissue Sampling - 202.0 202.0

CWD Attitude Survey 18.0 62.0 80.0

Dumpsters for Deer Remains 2.3 73.3 75.6

Supplies 54.5 9.4 63.9

Printing/Advertising/Postage 24.5 12.4 36.9

CWD Field Office Lease – Rushford - 19.2 19.2

Equipment 9.6 8.5 18.1

UMN CWD Testing (elk/moose) 0.2 4.8 5.0

Travel Fleet 1.5 - 1.5

Total 226.4 1,768.2 1,994.6

• 72% of the appropriated budget for FY20 has been spent or encumbered.

• The majority of travel/fleet expense will be incurred in November/December.

• Currently have $100K in pre-encumbrance status waiting to be finalized – not included in totals. ($69K Additional dumpsters/ trash service; $31K for additional deer collars.)

• Supplies and equipment expenses are items needed to set up CWD sampling stations

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD)

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• Viral disease transmitted by a biting midge (Culicoides sp.), most commonly affects white-tailed deer

• Disease appears late summer/early fall, ends with frost

• Clinical signs appear 7 days after being bitten by infected midge; death occurs within 8-30 hours

• Midges are not born with the virus; they must encounter an infected host (cattle, sheep, deer, etc.)

• Air currents can move midge populations far distances, increasing disease spread

• Deer often found dead near water, due to fever from the disease

• EHD can cause high mortality rates in a localized area, where deer were previously not exposed to the virus, but impact to overall deer population is small

• Common in southern states. First reported in MN was in 2012 on a cattle farm in Springfield. Next found in captive deer herd in Goodhue Cty in 2018. Never found in wild deer in MN prior to this year; surveillance efforts have occurred in past years

• There is no management activity available to combat the disease

• EHD is not a threat to humans.

m1 DEPARTMENT OFNATURAL RESQURCES

10/28/2019

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Events in Minnesota, Fall 2019

• First report of multiple dead deer occurred on 3-Sept; St. Stephen area of Stearns County.

• DNR staff visited sites, collected 2 whole carcasses; most were too decayed for testing

• EHD confirmed by NVSL on 11-Sept

• Approx. 30 deer reported on 5 properties through 13-Sept; 6 deer confirmed with EHD but all mortalities likely caused by disease; underestimate of true mortality

• First report of multiple dead deer in Houston County, 11-Sept

• 5-Sept, BAH reported EHD caused dead of 2 farmed deer in Houston Cty

• Approx. 50 deer reported on 16 properties; 3 deer confirmed with EHD (also screened for CWD); underestimate of true mortality

• 3 reports of dead deer in Winona County as well; no samples available for testing

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EHD in Iowa, Fall 2019

• As of 24-Oct, Iowa DNR reported 1,764 suspected-EHD mortalities in 58 counties

• Outbreak most significant in southern Iowa

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Suspect HD Reports - 2019

The county mortality reports help serve as an index to outbreak intensity & do not represent

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