mac osx - presentation for newlug - nov. 2010

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Apple OS X Joshua S Goldman

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Mac OSX presentation for the NorthEast Wisconsin Linux Users Group. It is a presentation about OSX to a group of Linux users.

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Page 1: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Apple OS XJoshua S Goldman

Page 2: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

About MeEducation

Master of Business Administration – Lakeland College

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science – UW OshkoshComputer Information SystemsExtensive programming in C, C++, OpenGL, Scheme,

ML all in a Linux environmentConfigured and operated CompSci Linux server as a

Windows Domain controller

CompTIA Network+ Certified Apple Certified Technical Coordinator (ACTC) Apple Certified Macintosh Technician (ACMT) HP Self-Maintainer Warranty repair certified Linux Professional Institute (LPI-101) Coursework

Page 3: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

About MeExperience

Started with Amiga OS and IBM DOS MS DOS, then Windows 3.11, then 95 Windows 2000 and XP with Netware 5, 6, 6.5 at UWO

Final position at UWO was Netware / Windows server administrator. Configured their first Netware cluster to connect to a true HP EVA 5000 SAN

Macintosh OS X 10.4 – 10.6 and Windows XP, 7 and Linux at UWGBPrimary support for OS X client and serverAlso heavily support Windows XP and 7 in a Microsoft

Active Directory environmentSupport NASA/JPL Linux workstation and Computer

Science Linux serverSupport various enterprise software applications (Xythos,

SDE, etc)

Page 4: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

OS 9 and earlierNow referred to as the Macintosh Classic OS

Ran on Motorola PowerPC architecture (G4, G3, earlier)

No true multitasking

No true multi-user support

No protected memory

Page 5: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010
Page 6: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Macintosh OS XReleased in 1999

XNU kernel (X is not UNIX) Purchased by Apple as the base for DarwinHybrid kernel of BSD and the Mach kernelMany functions of UNIX / Linux are readily

available via command line or SSH

Aqua interface

X11 environment available

Page 7: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Macintosh OS XFinder default file browser (ie Windows Explorer)

Page 8: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Default Folder Structure

Page 9: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

What’s really there:

Page 10: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

User Home Folder Structure

Page 11: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Macintosh OS XOriginal releases ran on Motorola PowerPC

Architecture (G3, G4) and later IBM PowerPC G5

10.4 was the last version to support Classic ModeAllowed Classic VM to run inside OS X

10.6 was first to only support Intel hardwareLowered install footprint (4GB smaller than 10.5)Grand Central Dispatch handles multithreading at

an OS level instead of relying on individual programs

Page 12: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Macintosh OS XPrimary file system HFS+

Full support for FAT / FAT32 NTFS read only native, full support can be added with

NTFS-3G

Ability to bind to any LDAPv3 directory service Custom plugin specifically for Active Directory Easily bind and share files with any Windows

(SMB/CIFS), WebDAV, FTP, NFS, AFP file system

Uses CUPS printing Can be managed through System Preferences or built

in CUPS webpage

Page 13: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

OS X Server Officially supported on Mac Mini, Mac Pro, Xserve

Xserve recently EOL’ed (will they go virtual?) Can be ran on a Mac Laptop – but unsupported

Open Directory LDAPv3 compliant directory server Windows and Linux workstations can bind to it

WorkGroup Manager Provide user and computer policy management Very similar to Active Directory (MCX = GPO)

Netboot services PXE Boot Macintosh workstation to either run diskless in a thin

client setup or for imaging tasks Use in conjunction with many free imaging tools

Page 14: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010
Page 15: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

OS X ServerAlso support for numerous services that any

other server would provide:HTTPMailFile Services (SMB, AFP, NFS)DNSDHCPFirewallXgrid clusteringLocally hosted software update server

Page 16: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

iOSAlso based off of Darwin kernel

Runs on iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, AppleTV

Primarily focused on touch screen interface

Designed to work around App store for all purchases

Jailbroken to unlock greater functionality and use the Cydia App store (SSH, non-approved apps, etc)

Some elements of iOS are being integrated into 10.7 Lion

Page 17: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010
Page 18: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Your QuestionsIs there an easy way to mass deploy

iPhones/iPadsQuick answer: NO iOS Devices are designed for a single user 1 to 1Reliance on App store makes distribution a

challengeEducational Institutions can use App Store Volume

Purchase Program (voucher system – may go private)

Still an ownership issue since Apps belong to end redeemer of voucherIn case of employee termination or leaving they

would still own the Apps

Page 19: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Is there an easy way to deploy Mac OS XQuick answer: YESLeverage OS X Server for netboot deploymentUse free imaging service such as DeployStudio

Hand free booting of systemsWorkflow style allows custom imaging and post

image package installsAbility to add scripts pre-flight and post-flight to

name computers, bind them to AD or other directory service

Control workstations with VNC, SSH, Apple Remote Desktop

Manage workstations using Open Directory or Active Directory with AD Schema expansion and Thursby ADmitMac

Page 20: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

DeployStudio Runtime example

Page 21: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010
Page 22: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Apple Remote Desktop ARD

Page 23: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

In what technical ways does OS X differ from Linux?Same as asking how Linux differs from UNIXOS X is based around the Aqua interfaceAqua designed to provide the most intuitive simple to

use user interfaceOS X requires Apple hardware (legally)

Major reason for stability Side note – 80% of Windows BSODs are poor video drivers

OS X primary package delivery is the .PKGOS X removes some command line features and adds

otherssoftware_update – check for updatesdsconfigldap – bind to directory servicessystem_profiler – give detailed info on software/hardware

installeddiskutil – change volumes, check raid, mount drives

Page 24: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

What are some sysadmin problems for a Mac that are not problems on WindowsNo wake on LAN. Wake from sleep supported, but

no true wake from powered off stateFinger pointing when troubleshooting. Many

vendors love to use this as an excuse.Limited troubleshooting tools

Techtool Pro is goodApple provides basic Apple Hardware Test CDs with

all MacsCertified Apple Service stations have access to Apple

Service Diagnostic images that will test every component

Anyone who supports Linux / UNIX workstations will have no problem supporting Mac workstations / servers

Page 25: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010
Page 26: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Is it trivial to get a Mac to connect to a Windows server?Yes!Go -> Connect to serversmb://servername/sharenameCurrently does not support DFS sharesADmitMac by Thursby software provides a custom

SMB/CIFS implementation that gives better performance and enhanced AD configuration optionsAlso a bonus when troubleshooting issues. They will

check any logs and find the source of issues for youCan also connect to any other standard protocol

such as NFS, HTTPS, AFP

Page 27: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

How is IPv6 Supported on OS XPersonally unsure of underlying supportFully supported on OS X clientCan be enabled / disabled through network

preferencesSupported by OS X Server DHCP Service

Page 28: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Are there any Mac tricks that you find useful such as tethering I don’t use tethering – so I have no adviceLearn the shortcut keys (Command +)

Command + O = openCommand + Q = QuitCommand + Option + Escape = force quit appsCommand + Tab = page through open programs

Learn startup keysCommand + S on boot takes you to single user (Unix)

modeN on boot boots to networkC on boot boots to optical driveT on boot boots into Target Mode (ie External firewire

drive) also can share Optical drive in this modeOption on boot brings up boot selector

Page 29: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Maintenance / RepairDisk Utility

Verify / Repair file permissions Verify / Repair file structure issues Can be ran from command line and single user mode

Apple Hardware Test CD (or hidden partition) Provide a basic test of Mac Hardware Comes with all Macs

AppleJack Run from Single User Mode for maximum useability Run Memtest Clear Caches, Run Disk Utility scripts, verify preference

files Set scan options and walk away

Page 30: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Maintenance / RepairOnyx

Schedule maintenance scripts to run (GUI cron)Clean System, User, Internet, Font, and log CacheChange parameters for various OS X applications

Change default path for screen captureShow hidden files in FinderChange default login settings

PLIST filesPreferences in the user’s ~/Library/Preferences folderSimply deleting the plist for misbehaving apps can

often fix a problemBe careful when doing this to the main

/Library/Preferences folder

Page 31: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Onyx

Page 32: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010
Page 33: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Maintenance / RepairBoot holding in Command + Option + P + R

Resets PRAM which has settings for startup disc, sound, screen settings, and more

Checking / replacing hardware ifixit.com provides excellent color take apart guidesMost components are now standard PC components

Ram, hard drives, optical drives, LCD PanelsNot all video cards are compatible in Mac Pro sytemsMost commonly needed tools are high quality precision

screw drivers (#0, #00, #000) and a Torx setSuction cups needed for iMacs

Page 34: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Things to consider before switching

Software compatibilityYou will need to buy all new software – few

licenses transfer cross platformMicrosoft Office 2011 is finally a good releaseSome web apps require Internet Explorer - not an

option unless you want to run a VMGame support getting better – Steam is now on

Mac

New OS = learning curve. Even though OS X is considered intuitive, its not if you used Windows your whole life

Page 35: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Good Freeware/Shareware/Dona

tionware AppsText Wrangler – text editing

SimplyBurns – Easy to use disc burning

AppleJack – UNIX maintenance scripts – can be ran from single user mode

Onyx – OS X maintenance / UI tweaking

Handbrake – Video converting (cross platform)

Audacity – Sound recording / editing (cross platform)

Mac the Ripper – DVD decryption

Open Office

Chicken of the VNC – VNC viewer (VNC server built in)

Page 36: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

Good Freeware/Shareware/Dona

tionware Apps Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection – connect to PCs

Adium – Multi-service chat client (Google, AIM, Yahoo, MSN, etc)

Menu Meters – Graphical display of Network, CPU, Disk IO in Menu bar

Sophos AV – Not really needed for the Mac, but scans/removes Windows viruses

Firefox / Chrome / Opera

DeployStudio – Deployment tool for OS X and Windows

WinClone – Imaging too for Windows partitions

Carbon Copy Cloner (CCC) – Simply cloning for OS X

Pacifist – Extract individual components from an OS X installer DVD

Page 37: Mac OSX - Presentation for NEWLUG - Nov. 2010

[email protected] - feel free to email me!

www.afp548.com - excellent source of server info

www.macfixit.com - Cnet owned Mac support site

www.macrumors.com - Support forums / Mac rumors

www.ifixit.com - color manuals for repair Apple devices and find parts