R. Arsenault, R. Donaldson, C. Dupuy, E. Fedrigo, M. Kasper, N. Hubin, B. Delabre, S. Oberti, J. Paufique, L. Ivanescu, S. Tordo, S. Rossi, A. Silber, J.-L. Lizon, P. Gigan, M. Quattri

20th AO ESO 27.11.09

Other Contributors:L. Close,J. Brynnel, J. Farinato,E. Brunetto,S. Stroebele,R. Reiss,E. Marchetti,D. Bonaccini Calia T. Craven-Bartle,M. Comin,T. Phan Duc,A.Wallanders…

MACAO-VLTI:How it started… Challenges…

Low cost - reliable – easy to operate AO system

Polyvalent: feed VLTI, CRIRES, SPIFFI…

Few curvature system in world (IoA Hawaii, CFHT)

Believers/Architects: F. Roddier, G. Monnet, F. Rigaut

AO Group restructure 1999

Fast track !!! (thanks to team !) (FDR-4th Macao: 4 yrs)

Low Maintenance - easy to operate (automatic: guide str mag. &

seeing LUT)

Understand Curvature system… Detailed simulations & test in

Europe

Piston Spec. New for AO systems; no real time

feedback; open loop process…

DM mech. decoupled from WFS DM @ M8 location 5m above WFS

!!! Decoupled structure

MACAO-VLTI:Milestones & Requirements

Strehl Ratio:

Piston from DM < :

Residual Jitter < 10 mas Off-axis guiding On-line diagnosis Chopping

V < 9 50%

V = 14.5 35%

V = 15.5 10%

25 nm RMS Window 48 msec

125 nm RMS Window 290 msec

2 m PV Window 10 min

Concept Des. Rev. Sept. 99

Prelim. Des. Rev. Oct. 00

Final Des. Rev. March 01

Tip-Tilt Boxes (2) Nov. 01

MACAO#2 (UT2) Apr. 03

MACAO#3 (UT3) Aug. 03

MACAO#4 (UT4) Aug. 04

MACAO#1 (UT1) Mar. 05

2.5 yr !

Allowed VLTI to combine UT2-UT3 using tilt corrected beams (STRAP-M2)

Design Reviews:

System Deliveries:

MACAO-VLTI: System Characteristics

60 elements Curvature System (vibrating membrane, micro-lenses, Bimorph DM and Tip-Tilt mount)

2.1 kHz drive membrane mirror AO loop controlled @ 420 Hz, (bandwidth ~35 Hz) PowerPC 400 MHz Real Time Computer WaveFrontSensor detector: APD coupled with Opt. Fibers Modular approach (4 VLTI+SINFONI/CRIRES+spares) X-Y Table allows reference source selection off-axis (Strap quadrant detector tip-tilt sensor+) TCCD Electronics: VLTI-RTC-IC LCU’s, XYTab., DM Amplifiers, APD

Racks, High Level Eng. GUI + Observing Software

MACAO-VLTI: Deformable Mirror Wavefront Corrector

CILAS Bimorphe DM +/- 400 Volt 100 mm pupil (150mm

full size) 60 electrodes 40 intra-pupil 20 extra-pupil (tilt) Up to 1.2” seeing Deformable Mirror Tip-Tilt mount

100mm pupil

150mm total

Mirror Surface

Ground Electrodes

PZT plate

ControlElectrodes

Bimorph Mirror Cross Section

MACAO-VLTI: WaveFront Sensor & APD Cabinet

T-mount on XY table

Beam Switching Device

(STRAP)TCCD

APD Cabinet

MACAO-VLTI: Fiber Bundle

Heptagon Micro-Lens

Microfab Micro-Lens

10:41:55

Scale: 0.64 01-Feb-01

39.06 MM

Optical derotator

F/46.7

incoming beamdirection

Membranemirror

Lenslet array

SBM1

SBM2SBM3

SBM4(off axis

(off axisparabola)

parabola)

(sphere)

(flat)

WAVEFRONT SENSOR LAYOUT

MACAO-VLTI: Optics

WFS Optics Functions Membrane vibration for

curvature sensing (2.1 kHz)

Beam collimation Pupil enlargment (14

18 mm) Pupil imaging on

Lenslet Pupil centering on

Lenslet Pupil de-rotation

CRITICAL Rotating prism axis Gimball tilt

MACAO-VLTI: Industries

Applied Physics Specialties, Ltd. 17 Prince Andrew PlaceDon Mills, Ontario M3C 2H2Canada

DR. SCHÜTTEN GmbHDr.-Ing. Rudolf Schütten(Geschäftsführer)Frauenfelderstr. 95CH-9548 Matzingen

Shaktiware

MACAO-VLTI: Lab Tests

Optical Table in Lab. 038 Simulated f/47 Coude beam Phase screens & turbulence

generator DM in optical beam WFS mounted under opt. table RASOIR IR test camera

MACAO-VLTI: Paranal Installation

Five (5) comm. (inclu. TTB) from Dec.’01 to Mar.05 Required >140 man-day/comm, 20 k € /comm

transport, 15 k € overtime Shipment/comm: 10 crates, 3 tons, 15 m3, value 1.4

M€ All together ~8 staff monopolized for 1.5 months Preparation: Hand & power tools, handling tools,

books, docum., laptops, soft … Lots of constraints before scheduled dates (calibr.,

scien. op. etc.) Paranal overloaded with operation Limited

Paranal prep. before arrival; but outstanding response once there

Heavy toll on staff (assume 2wks off after comm. or “low-profile”); one wk – 10 days on sky about limit of exhaustion!

Data reduction & Comm. Report prep. and writing not evaluated yet (2-3 wk/staff ?!) + Documentation to provide…

MACAO-VLTI: Components Location

Azimuth Cabinet HVA, TTM elec., capa. RO

M8 Well TTM, DM, Capa. FE, DM mask

Coude Room WFS box IC/XY Cab. RTC/VLTI Cab. APD Cab. Cooling

Coudefocus

MACAO-VLTI: Calibrations

Membrane Mirror Stroke Calibration RoC vs Volt; FOV of WFS for given RoC and Tilt

Membrane Mirror Phaselag Calibration Use tilt signal; for which phaselag curv =0; add 180º

Interaction Matrices Calibration ~6 matrices for different RoC; interpolation to cover

whole range

DM Flattening (close loop with low gains; re-iterate)

Influence Functions (Piston; laboratory) DM shape+Capa. Sensor (OPD offset); DM non-

linearity

See paper 5490-100 on Calibrations Oberti, Bonnet, Fedrigo et al. See paper 5490-182 on Piston Ivanescu, Arsenault, Fedrigo et al.

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

Test Bench & Turbulence Generator

MACAO-VLTI System Description

Coude Room View

Front: ITC rack, M9 tower, Macao on XY table

Back: Elec. Cab, APD rack, FOB, M9 cooling, SCP

(For system description see Arsenault et al., 2003, SPIE 4839, p.174)

MACAO-VLTI Performance: Results on UT2

Open-loop Close-loop

HIC59206 V=10Sep. 0.120” Seeing 0.75”

90-second K-band exposure of the central 6 x 13 arcsec2 around the Galactic Center obtained by under average atmospheric conditions (0.8 arcsec seeing). Although the 14.6 magnitude guide star is located roughly 20 arcsec from the field center the present image has a point-source FWHM of about 0.115 arcsec.

5 x 5 arcsec2 K-band image of "Frosty Leo" obtained in 0.7 arcsec seeing. V~ 11, difficult AO target because 3 arcsec in size at visible wavelengths. The corrected image quality is about FWHM 0.1 arcsec.

MACAO-VLTI: Results UT3

Mars image taken in August 8th 2003

Some ~20 mosaic images in K band

Reference source: Deimos

WFS offsets

(excellent “exercise” for MACAO-VLTI functionalities)

(thanks to MKA & STO)

Neptune H band image

Planet disk used for guiding (=3”)

Smallest features ~0.067”

MACAO-VLTI: Results on UT3Interferometry

MACAO Average flux=f(gain) test, 2001-11-03

31

965

1482

9631027

0.E+00

2.E+02

4.E+02

6.E+02

8.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+03

1.E+03

2.E+03

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Gain

Calibrator fringes HD20356 with 2 MACAO’s on UT2-UT3 November ‘03

Flux injected in VINCI fibers (beam combiner) versus MACAO-VLTI main loop gain. Approximately 50 times more flux injected with MACAO than with tip-tilt correction alone.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Position (microns)

I1

I2

Calibrated1st fringes with 2 MACAO’s on UT2-UT3 14.08.03

MACAO-VLTI: Results UT4 Tilt Correction

MACAO-VLTI Performance:Strehl Rogue Gallery

mv=11.5 Seeing=0.8” Sr(K)=57% texp.= 0.2s

mv=15.5 Seeing=0.6” Sr(K)=26% texp.= 0.5sFWHM= 89mas

mv=16 Seeing=0.55” Sr(K)=26% texp.=0.2s

mv=14.5 Seeing=0.6” Sr(K)=45% texp.=0.5sFWHM= 66 mas

mv=8-9 Seeing=0.5” Sr(K)=63% texp.= 0.2s

BESTMv=9.87 Seeing=0.8” Sr(K)=65% texp.= 64s

MACAO-VLTI Performance:Strehl versus V magnitude

Strehl ratio versus guide star magnitude

Legend: Pink diamonds: VLTI

specifications Blue curve: Computer

simulations Red Curve: Test Bench

(lab.) measurements Brown dots (error bars):

Sky data on UT2 (April’03; lower limit ‘cause seeing > spec.)

Black squares: Sky data on UT3 (August’03)

Red dash-dot line: open loop strehl

8 10 12 14 16 180

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Strehl Ratio vs V magnitude

V magnitude

Str

ehl R

atio

Speck 1

SRsimulj 1

SRlaboi 1

SRobs8m 1

SRobsi 1

SRobsi 2

SRobsi 3

OpSR

Speck 0 SRsimulj 0 SRlaboi 0 SRobs8m 0 SRobsi 0

MACAO-VLTI Performance: Piston-control freq. influence

Piston Removal: a)Determine piston mode b)Given act. V, calibrate

piston over pupil c)Apply piston corr. V for

each V (350 Hz) Non-Linear double iteration

See paper 5490-182 Ivanescu et al. for details

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6364

364.5

365

365.5

366

366.5

367

367.5

368

368.5

369UT1, g=0.45, loop 420 Hz, mag=10.8

Time (s)

DM

cen

ter

(m

)

PRA offPRA on

0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10UT1, g=0.45, loop 420 Hz, mag=10.8

Frequency (Hz)

PS

D1/

2 Res

idua

l Pis

ton

(nm

/Hz)

RMS (nm): PRA of f / PRA on

>3.45 Hz (w 290) = 702.7 / 57.4

>21.25 Hz (w 048) = 150.1 / 28.2

<3.45 Hz = 1313.5 / 52.4

<21.25 Hz = 1508.0 / 74.5

<160 Hz = 1508.3 / 74.8

190+265 Hz = 18.8 / 20.2

700 Hz = 7.6 / 7.7

update = 10.3 / 9.5

PRA offPRA onnoise levelno voltageslimit 48 ms

MACAO-VLTI MACAO-VLTI Upgrades ITF

Electronics cabinets vibrations: move out end-2006 (in progress; Paranal Eng.)

Membrane mirror phaselag switch solved (noise on APDCM); upgrade of EPROM’s

RTC Anti-Windup

FINITO injection (ITF): Delay Lines alignment + VCM use; procedure Source centering on Fiber; dynamic modulation Tunnel Seeing: IRIS (+actuator pre-instrument!?) PSF “explosion”: implementation of SMA+Anti-

Windup UT Vibrations: implementation of VTK algorithm

MACAO-VLTI: Conclusions

Delivery of systems on schedule All functionalities operational and tested in

telescope environment Strehl Ratio Performance above spec. S~60%

bright sources (seeing 0.8”); S~25% V~15.5 (seeing 0.6”)

Residual tip-tilt 5-9 mas for bright sources Similar performance on all UT’s (homogeneous

systems) Automatic acquisition through VLTI ISS

templates Perf. Tested at Coude focus (not including

delay lines)

Milestones•TTB (STRAP) Dec. ’01•First closed loop lab. Aug.’02•First closed loop sky 18.04.03•First fringes 14.08.03•End project 2005

MACAO-VLTI: Team