macbeth intro
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MacbethTRANSCRIPT
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Macbeth
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Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor
player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the
stage,
And is heard of no more: it is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing. (5.5.24-28)
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William Shakespeare
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1599-1613
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James I 1603-1625
• James VI of Scotland• Witchcraft Act 1563• Wrote Daemonologie• Fell asleep at performances
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Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland & Ireland
OrHistory & Chronicles of Scotland
• Historical Mac Bethad & Banquo killed King Duncan
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Henry Fuseli. Macbeth consulting the vision of the armed head, 1793.
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Macbeth Overview
• Motifs to look for and discuss:• hallucinations• knives• blood• animals (particularly birds)• Light/dark; day/night• hands/washing• dreams• nature/weather
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Themes:– Crisis of masculinity/femininity (false
dichotomy?)– Ambition– Fate vs. Free Will– Guilt– Seeing/Not seeing– Appearance vs. Reality– Infanticide/Regicide– Order /Chaos
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The Great Chain of Being
1579 drawing from Didacus Valades, Rhetorica Christiana
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Aristotle defines tragedy in The Poetics (circa 330 BCE)
Tragedy: The imitation of serious action, also having magnitude, complete in itself, which incorporates incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish the catharsis of such emotions.
What Defines Tragedy?
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Tragedy“A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall”
(Aristotle).
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1. Character: the protagonist or tragic hero• noble birth: better than we• moral balance: neither wholly good nor wholly bad• tragic flaw or error in judgment (hamartia); (e.g. hubris, excessive
pride, which leads to protagonist’s disregard of divine warning or law
2. Three Unities• Unity of action: one plot• Unity of time: brief period of time (24 hours)• Unity of place: single geographical place
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…Aristotelian Tragedy 3. Melody: khoros
4. Diction: expression of meaning with words (metaphor theme)
5. Catharsis: purification or cleaning – Pity (aroused through sympathy) – Fear (aroused through empathy)
6. Spectacle: costume & masks, scenery, deus ex machina
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Additionally, an Aristotelian tragic hero must undergo the following:
– Perepeteia, or “reversal of fortune”
– Anagnorisis, or “discovery” : the awareness that the tragic events (catastrophe) are a direct result of his own actions
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Exposition
Inciting Moment
Climax
Ris
ing
Actio
n
Denouement
Reversal, peripeteia
Recognition, anagnorisis
Falling Action or Unraveling
Catastrophe
Shakespearean Five-Act Sequence