Presentation on

Macclelands three needs theory

Presented toMrs. Sakufa Chowdhury

Assistant ProfessorDept. of Business Administration

Presented by

Dept. Of Business Administration

Name Reg. NoMizanur Rahman 2011731009Md. Jayed Husain 2012731011Faysal Ahmed 2012731031Rumman Ahmed 2012731037Adeel Bin Malek Chowdhury 2012731064

MacLean's three needs theory

Primary Concept:McClelland’s three needs theory is created by psychologist David McClelland, Three needs theory is a motivational model that attempts to explain how the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation affect the actions of people from a managerial context. This model was developed in the 1960s soon after Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the 1940s.David McClelland’s and his associates proposed three needs theory these three needs are the need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation. These three needs has great importance on managerial motivation.

McClelland's three needs theory at a glance

1. Need for achievement• Achievement is reflected in stories about attaining

challenging goals, setting new records, successful completion of difficult tasks, and doing something not done before.

2.Need for power• Power" or "socialized power." People with high personalized

power may have little inhibition or self control, and they exercise power impulsively.

• Correlated with this are tendencies to be rude, excessive use of alcohol, sexual harassment, and collecting symbols of power (e.g., big offices, desks, fancy cars, etc.).

• Socialized power need is most often associated with effective leadership. These leaders direct their power in socially positive ways that benefit others and the organization rather than only contributing to the leader's status and gain. They seek power because it is through power that tasks are accomplished. They are more hesitant to use power in a manipulative manner.

3.Need for Affiliation (nAff):• Affiliation themes are revealed in stories about

establishing or restoring close and friendly relationships, joining groups, participating in pleasant social activities, and enjoying shared activities with family or friends.

• A person low in affiliation tends to be a loner who is uncomfortable socializing with others except for a few close friends or family (introversion?). They may lack motivation or energy to maintain high social contacts in networking, group presentations, public relations, and building close personal relations with peers and subordinates so necessary for most managers.

Combinations for Managerial Success

Large Organization Entrepreneurial small organizations or autonomous subsidiaries of large organizations

nPOW (high)

nACH (mod)

nAFF (mod)

nACH (high) nPOW (mod) nAFF (low)

For managers in large organizations, power is most related to success, promotion, and accomplishment of objectives. Achievement and affiliation follow in that order, and are useful in creating a challenging and team spirited work environment.

Effect on management

• McClelland said that people usually contain a combination of these three types of motivation and proposed that those in the top management positions should have a high need for power and a low need for affiliation.

• that people with a high need for achievement will succeed best when given projects with attainable goals and although individuals with a need for achievement can make good managers, they are not suited to being in the top management positions.

Using the Theory

We can use these motivators to craft, or design, the job around our team members, ensuring a better fit .Let's look at the steps for using McClelland's theory:1. Identify Drivers2. Structure our Approach

Criticism of McClelland's three needs theory

• McClelland's Theory of Needs explained that human needs differed with the passage of time; he cannot stick to a single need in his whole life. Therefore he listed the human need like ERG Theory into three categories such as achievement, affiliation, or power.

Final statement about McClelland's three needs theory

McClelland's Theory of Needs is the best theory keeping in mind human need and the business perspective because the employee will prefer those organizations where he can express his knowledge, experiences and skills in a proper way and in a good environment so that he may achieve his mission as well as vision.