machine modeling and power system study applications · w tm1 wref tm2 iv cv vt it 3 ef if ef0 vref...

Title

Machine Modeling and Power System Study Applications

November 02, 2017

MANITOBA HVDC RESEARCH CENTRE, a Division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.

© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.

Presented by: Dharshana Muthumuni

Title Outline - Machine Modeling and Applications

© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International

• Mathematical representation of machine windings and rotor dynamics

• Machine models and controls models available in PSCAD

• Setting up a PSCAD simulation case

• Synchronous machine (initialization of machine and control models)

• Induction machine (starting example)

• Illustration of Simulation examples

• Synchronous machine under black start conditions

• Voltage flicker due to compressor load driven by a synchronous machine

• Sub synchronous resonance and torsional interactions

• Voltage dips due to induction motor starting and mitigation options

• Applications in wind generation (DFIG)

• Synchronous condenser application to improve wind farm FRT performance

• PM machine in wind generation

• Internal faults simulation other enhancements to standard models

Title Machine windings and the mathematical representation


Title Machine windings and the mathematical representation


]][[/]][[][ iLdtdiRv

LA = L1 +L2 +L3 Cos (2θ)

MAF = f(θ)

Title Synchronous Machine Equations in d-q reference frame


Stator Side Rotor Side

Dampers – 2 on Q-axis

Mechanical rotation

𝑇𝑚 − 𝑇𝑒 = 𝐽 𝑑𝜔

𝑑𝑡+ 𝐵𝜔

Speed - Wk

LP HP G IP J

Title Machine Models in PSCAD


STe

3

AV

Tm

Ef0

Tmw

Ef Ifw

S

TL

I M

W

W

Te

Synchronous Machine

Induction Machine

Permanent Magnet Machine

Title Machine control models


VTIT 3

IfEfEf0

Vref

Exciter_(AC1A)VTIT 3

EfEf0

Vref

Exciter (DC1A)VTIT 3

IfEfEf0

Vref

Exciter (ST1A)

w

Wrefz0

z

Hydro Gov 1

w Tm

Wref

z

zi Hydro Tur 1

w

Wref

Cv

Steam Gov 1 Steam_Tur_2

w Tm1

Tm2WrefIv

Cv

Vs

PSS1A

VsPSS1A

Vt

Efw

& DEC1A

VsPSS1A

Vt Vk

& DEC2A

VsPSS1A

Vt

& DEC3A

Exciter models

Governor/Turbine models

PSS models

IEEE Standard exciter type AC1A

Non standard generator control systems

Title Simulation setup – Synchronous machine


Tm0

D+

F

+

1.0

w

Wref

Cv

Steam Gov 2

Iv

Steam_Tur_2

w Tm1

Tm2WrefIv

Cv

VTIT 3

IfEfEf0

Vref

Exciter_(AC1A)

Vref0

LRR

S2M

TIME

TIME

#1#2

STe

3

AV

Tm

Ef0

Tmw

Ef If

Tm0

S / Hinhold

out

Ef

If

S2M

P = 42.46Q = 0.4006V = 0.9993

V

A

RL

RRL

W

Ef0

T imedFaultLogicABC->G

Ia

Parameter Thermal units

typical values

Sator leakage

Inductance xl 0.1-0.2

Synchronous

reactances

Xd 1.0-2.3

Xq 1.0-2.3

Transient

Reactance

X’d 0.15-0.4

X’q 0.3-1.0

Subtransient

Reactance

X”d 0.12-0.25

X”q 0.12-0.25

Transinet OC time

constant

T’do 3.0-10.0 s

T’qo 0.5-2.0 s

Subtransient OC

Time constant

T”do 0.02-0.05 s

T”qo 0.02-0.05 s

Title Simulation setup – Synchronous machine


Tm0

D+

F

+

1.0

w

Wref

Cv

Steam Gov 2

Iv

Steam_Tur_2

w Tm1

Tm2WrefIv

Cv

VTIT 3

IfEfEf0

Vref

Exciter_(AC1A)

Vref0

LRR

S2M

TIME

TIME

#1#2

STe

3

AV

Tm

Ef0

Tmw

Ef If

Tm0

S / Hinhold

out

Ef

If

S2M

P = 42.46Q = 0.4006V = 0.9993

V

A

RL

RRL

W

Ef0

T imedFaultLogicABC->G

Ia

Technical note available on how to set up the machine model and controls

Title Simulation setup – Induction machine


Technical note available on how to set up the machine model and controls

CROMER_A_94372

V

A

0.994868

S

TL

I M

W

TIME

1.0

#1 #2

0.96

WX2*

1

0

0.0

S

TL

I M

W

TimedBreaker

LogicOpen@t0

BRK

+

Rext

#1 #2E1 V

A

0.96Iins

Title

Simulation examples


Title Simulation examples


• Illustration of Simulation examples

• Synchronous machine under black start conditions

• Voltage flicker due to compressor load driven by a synchronous machine

• Sub synchronous resonance and torsional interactions

• Voltage dips due to induction motor starting and mitigation options

• Applications in wind generation (DFIG)

• Synchronous condenser application to improve wind farm FRT performance

• PM machine in wind generation

• Internal faults simulation other enhancements to standard models

Title Example: Flicker due to a synchronous motor driven compressor


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

T

Compressor load torque characteristics Voltage flicker measured at

transmission level

Title Example: SSTI studies - Mechanical shaft-mass system


• Rotor of a Turbine Generator is a complex system of masses connected by shaft sections

• The total length can be as much as 50 m.

• A single lumped inertia representation is typically considered in system transient stability studies

– Assumption: Rigid shafts

Gen

Speed - W

http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIGz1pLyncgCFdI1iAodAZEOUQ&url=http://emadrlc.blogspot.com/2014/12/balancing-of-rotating-equipment.html&bvm=bv.104226188,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNELEccQ7SjbXgr2Vys8hFTEC1x0iQ&ust=1443672714917806

Title Mechanical shaft-mass system


• Torsional Interaction studies require a more detailed representation of the shaft (compared to lumped mass representation)

– A Multi-Mass representation

• Main rotor components represented as separate (rigid) masses

• The masses are connected to each other with ‘elastic’ shaft sections

Speed - Wk

LP HP G IP

δ

Multim

ass

Te

Wra

dTm

Tm

iTei

( SyncM

/c)

Title

Thank you


machine modeling and power system study applications · w tm1 wref tm2 iv cv vt it 3 ef if ef0 vref...

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