Presented to the

LIBRARY

of the

UNIVERSITY OFTORONTO

I.

C.

S.

REFERENCE LIBRARYA SERIES OF TEXTBOOKS PREPARED FOR THE STUDENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS AND CONTAINING IN PERMANENT FORM THE INSTRUCTION PAPERS, EXAMINATION QUESTIONS, AND KEYS USED IN THEIR VARIOUS COURSES

MACHINE MOLDING FOUNDRY APPLIANCES MALLEABLE CASTING BRASS FOUNDING BLACKSMITH-SHOP EQUIPMENT IRON FORGING TOOL DRESSING HARDENING AND TEMPERING TREATMENT OF LOW-CARBON STEEL

HAMMER WORK MACHINE FORGING SPECIAL FORGING OPERATIONS

31591 BSCRANTONINTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY53B

Copyright.

1101.

by

TUB

C>:

Copyright. 19M. 1M5.

1906.

by INTKBNATIONAL TEXTBOOE COMPANY.

Entered At Stationer*' Hall. London.

Moohioe

Enirml

Molding; Copyright. 190*. by al Stationer* Hall. Ix>r.'

INTKBNATIONAL TEXTBOOK

COMPANY

Foundry Appilanoee: Copyright. 1908. by INTKKNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Stationer*' Hall. London. Knu-mli

MaDe*b4e

pyrirbt. 19M. by Kntrrr,! at Slal.oncr.' Hall. London.*

INTBRNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY.

kra*% Poumlinjt: Copyright. 1901. by THE COLLIBBY BNOINEEB COMI rthi. 190ft. by |KTBIATIONAL TBXTBOOK COMI-A Han. Loodoo.

ner'

1906. by INTKBNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMBlacEamltb-Sbop Rqoiprocni v. Eatcrtd at Statk>nr*' Hall. London.

Iron Porvtar

fopirurht.,:.

1906.

by Iwrm-

KXTBOOK COMPANY.

Entered

Loadoo.

Tool Draaataf: Copyricbt. 190S. by INTRBNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Entered at Htattooorf Hall. London.Hardcatnc and Tom paring; Copyright. 1906. by INTKBNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMT. Bnterwl at Stationer* Hall. London.'

ient of

Low Carbon SNEnteredCopyrifbt.1906.

cht. 1906.

at ftutioner*' Hall.

by INTKBNATIONAL TEXTBOOK London.Entered

Hammer Worm;Machine

by INTRKNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY.1906.

ai Stationer*- Hall.

London.

Potvtep

Copy right.

by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK:

COMPANY.

IntendSpecial Ponrte* Operation*: r Entered at Stationer** Hall. London.

I^KNATIONAL TEXTBOOK

PEBMINTHII-

or

XTBOOK COMPANY

CONTENTSMACHINE MOLDINGSmall Machines Pneumatic Rammers Molding Machines.

Section

Page1

48 48

1

48

3

FOUNDRY APPLIANCESBuildings and Grounds General Arrangement Buildings

49 49 49 49 50 50

1

2 4 121 1

EquipmentSmall Machines and ApparatusFlasks

Core Rooms

Cleaning-Room Equipment

50 50

15

27

MALLEABLE CASTINGProperties and Composition Chemical Composition of Malleable Iron51.

1

5151

4

Irons

Used

in

Making Malleable Castings

91217

Iron MixturesMalleable-Iron Production Melting Processes and Equipment Open-Hearth Melting Process Repairing the Furnace Preparation of Molds for Malleable Cast-

51

...

51

51

171

......

52 52 52

9

ings

2627 291

Tapping and Pouring the Iron Cleaning and Assorting Hard Castings Annealing Process Annealing Pots and Furnacesiii

52.

.

52 5353

6

iv

CONTENTSContinutdSection

MALLRABLR CASTINGProvisionsf

Page

g Annealing Ovc.

U19

Operating Annealing Ovens

of Malleable Castings

53 53 34

Special Annealing Equipn cllancous Processes and EquipmentI>k \V^>1

.

.-'

SPIN..

Making Brass Castings Materials Used in Brass Molding Making Molds for Brass CastingsCleaning Brass Castings .... Appliances for Melting Brass Crucible Furnace Crucibles for Melting Bra ting Copper and Old Brass Deoxidizing Metals Alloys and Mixtures Copper and Tin Alloys Copper and Zinc Alloys and Copper Alloys..

54

1

54 54

24 677

54 5454 54 5454 54 5454

.

.

17

22

25 28'!

1

ManganeseBismuthin

in Alloys Alloys Antimony and Babbitt Metals.

54

Phosphorus and Phosphor

Br

Blacksmithing Tools Floor an Tools

.

56 56

17

27

IKON FOR*Manufacture ofI:

5767

1

Work Work

Involving Scarf Welds Involving Butt Welds

.

,

13

CONTENTSIRON FORGINGContinuedSection

v

Work

Involving Lap Welds Practical Examples of Forging Welding Pipe

57

57 57

Page 45 4653

TOOL DRESSINGTreatment of Tool Steel.

58

1

Working Tool

Steel

5858 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

6 915

Temper Colors and Corresponding Temperatures of Steel

Lathe Tools Tool Dressing Welding Tool Steel High-Speed Tool Steels.

.

;

.

Recognizing Steel Machine-Shop Cutting Tools Lathe and Planer Tool Models

.....,

20 25 29 33 36 36

HARDENING AND TEMPERINGCarbon Steels Methods of HeatingAnnealing Hardening Solutions,. .

...

59 59 59 59 59

1

24

6

Methods of Tempering Examples of Hardening and TemperingSelection of Steel

89

.

59 59

High-Speed Tool Steels Special Furnaces for Hardening and Tempering

59 59 59 59

28 2932 42 44

Hardening Baths High-Temperature Measurements

....

TREATMENT OF LOW-CARBON STEELProperties and Manufacture of Low-Carbon Steel

Nickel Steel

Annealing Low-Carbon Steel Annealing Steel Forgings Oil Treatment of Low-Carbon Steel..

60 60 60 6060

1

911

...

13

vi

CONTENTSContinual:'**

TREATMENT OP LOW-CARBON STEELPage20 24 36

Temperatures for Treating Steel it Colors Case-Hardening for Colo: Case-HardeningBluing Steel

.

.

.

60 60 60 60

HAMMER WORKPo\\

61

1I

Steam Hammersner Valves.

6161.

11

U18

Proper Weight Hammer Foundations Hammer Tools

of

Hammer.

61

.61 .616161 61.

'-'

1

Forging Forging Welding ForgingK

Wrought Iron Low-Carbon Steel.

Steel to Iron

High-Carbon Steel

61

85 36

FORGING62 62.

Rolling Operations

2

Graded Rolling Screw-Thread Rolling.

59PJ

Drop Forging Drop Hammers and Presses

62 62.

Drop-Hammer FoundationsSPECIAL FORGING OPERATIONS.;>mcnt

.

62 62 62

12

22

.

Hea

the

ramming,

in

the drawings

for

tilling

ti

inch;

ng the

\-

Some

i

perform several of the molding functions, but none -ombine the work A all of thnn at the same time.ich

quired to operate tin- mat -him-. the finished molds must be- carried.hincs and no mold-

considerable time ani

castings.;MI^.li:

I

:t.

ltlo\N ci --H .in,ltli>\\

I

I

Tin- blast

is

furnished t> theof ail inti

ci-,

\vlii(

.nit

volumetaut

upola. while the hut dor

lattily

-nstantdeli\

volume

int

the

intuit i\c

IO(.IINi.

i>i\\cidriven,'i

iiown

in

Thepulli-yv

the

h conn.

baft

owsroiui'

pipes thei

ible

number\

or

turns shouldttti

and these shoullo\\er and the eupdathe diameter of(

should be such that the blast pipesuHi(0

will

serve a^^ularities in the is a JM d length for>i;

bown

in

voted at the top

bom, and carryingplates are supported bynt / is

end of the jib. A Tinsh,,wn on the jib.

PIG.

11.

trolley

tt

:c

inly ccpiippcd with a pm-umatiV 1: usual' .1 tn the columns of.t

the building

at

the side

tied to

tinyIn

n.

the molding ^ho\vn in swing freely under the traveling --e where nol:;

D

madee

a jib .nd

dbrae-d..|

ervice.

The.utial

:medbracesofjib b is

:

S

a great variety oil Some to cranr and trolley \, block, which m. pulleytli-

either oftrip!-

ntial.

duplex,

whichI

will

sup

load in

without

continuous appl;generally used;;

ir,

operateor'electri

They may

bntall\

lln'11

loadl'olle\

in

the

whi

.rtablr

and

is

i

of foundryin

hand

riddle

is

used

in this

ma< him-, which

h>ldJMK furnished to the:'idly

air cylinder #, a circular in>n the riddle Ct and a suppnrtin^ trijxxl..tmi :ic\ aim-!*. J. After the molding been prepared for use, it mu places where it is used.I

*

40

This

in>r

win

-

trucks, or

by-

that

is

adnis

;

it

a

c.mveyerist()

used, an elevator.Mil

the level of the conveyer.

Anf

underground comit

to the

base or(

the

elevator.

)nc of the simplestefficient

and

mostnin

eleva

Fig.

:*,

cor

belt a (leather, rubber.intf

buckets