macrocystis production and conversion in chile – lessons ...€¦ · macrocystis production and...
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Alejandro H. Buschmann Centro i-mar & CeBiB
Universidad de Los Lagos Puerto Montt
Macrocystis production and conversion in Chile – lessons learned
ARPA-E Macroalgae Workshop February 11-12, 2016
[email protected] www.i-mar.cl www.cebib.cl
Photograph: Javier Infante
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Wo d rl Asia West Chile
%Fishes
Molluscs
Crustacean
Marine plants
Relative World Aquaculture Production
Chopin et al. 2008. Encyclopedia of Ecology 2008
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Modified from: Santelices 1999. Hydrobiologia
ü Technology depends from the type of
algae (clonal vs. unitary)
ü Coastal habitat (exposure, depth, etc.)
TECHNOLOGICAL APROACHES TOWARDS MACROALGAL PRODUCTION
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Gutierrez et al. Journal applied Phycology 2006
≈30 días
Cultivation of the Microscopic Phases
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Hatchery
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25 kg m-‐1 6 month-‐1
Gu0errez et al. 2006 Journal applied Phycology
Cultivation in the sea of Macrocystis (4 ha farm)
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Pilot La Planchada – Chiloé (20 hectares) Pilot farm Quenac – Chiloé (21 hectares)
Moving into Commercial Farming
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Seeding
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Production
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Kelp Production Costs
Correa et al. 2016 Aquaculture Research
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Economic profitability
Correa et al. 2016 Aquaculture Research
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Productivity
• Complex morphology
• Large size (7-10 m)
• Complex Environment
v Temperature
v Light
v Nutrients
v Currents
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Productivity Environment Interaction
Diving-PAM
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GERMOPLASM: SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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Productivity and Genetics
• Female and male gametophytes used to produce different selected corosses and denomination of the progeny.
• P= Pargua
• PU=Puchilco
Red light
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Genetic Program
• Significant differences in growth of Giant kelp grown in the field
Camus, Faugeron, Buschmann. Journal of Phycology (submitted)
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Chemical composition
Strains Bal 1 Bal 2 Bal 3* Bal 4 Bal 5 Bal 11 Bal 14 Bal 16 Bal 17
Carbohydrates (%DW)
Alginate 33,0 ± 1,2a 31,4 ± 14,3 a 27,1 ± 9,2
a,b 20,0 ± 1,5
a,b 9,9 ± 5,2 b 10,7 ± 1,4 b 11,3 ± 3,3 b 14,6 ± 5,5 a,b
Mannitol 3,4 ± 0,8 a,b 2,6 ± 3,1 a,b 7,7 ± 3,1 a 3,1 ± 2,6 a,b 0,2 ± 0,3 b 0,4 ± 0,5 b 5,4 ± 1,6 a,b 1,0 ± 0,2 b
Glucans 4,1 ± 0,3 a 4,4 ± 0,7 a 3,9 ± 0,2 a 4,1 ± 0,1 a 1,9 ± 1,6 b 2,8 ± 0,3 a,b 2,9 ± 0,3 a,b 3,2 ± 0,1 a,b
Camus, Faugeron, Buschmann. Journal of Phycology (submitted)
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Pest Control
Herbivory Potential Diseases
(Symptoms)
Buschmann et al. 2014. Adv. Bot. Research
R² = 0,7032
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 100 200 300
ALG
AE
BIO
MA
S(K
G)
AMPHIPODS ABUNDANCE /KG
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Kelp Germoplasm
Survival (%)
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Seaweed Uses: commodity type vs. high value product
Hafting et al. 2015. J. Phycol.
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Bioethanol
Pilot Plant (Puerto Montt)
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Bioethanol Optimization
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70 L Fermentator
manitol 182Da
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232 L EtOH/ton kelp (dry) 30 ton alga (d)/hectare 7.000 L EtOH/hectare/year
Bioetanol 183L fermentated liquid (12 gEtOH/L)
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Kelp Phlorotannins Phloroeckol
Tetrameric phloroglucinol
Figure 3. Evaluation of the best extractant for total polyphenols (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in Macrocystis pyrifera
Figure 2. Evaluation of the different drying temperatures for Macrocystis pyrifera in total polyphenols (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA)
Leyton, Pezoa-Conte, Barriga, Buschmann, Mäki-Arvela, Mikkola, Lienqueo 2016. Algal Research (accepted)
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Products • Agronomic Uses • Food Products
• Abalone Feed Ecosystem Services
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Challenges
• Increasing predictability of production systems (e.g. pest control; avoiding stress periods; genetic improvements …..)
• Development of the industrialization process
• Development of novel aquaculture regulations (environmental, sanitary, etc.)
• Increasing seaweed biomass value (including environmental services; IMTA) and the development of processing technologies
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Kelp Team
Carolina Camus
Alvaro Olivera Sylavin Faugeron
Sandra Pereda
Daniel Varela
Felix López-Figueroa
Mariam Hernandez
Michael H. Graham Julio Vásquez
José Fernández
Kelp Physiology and Ecology
María Elena Lienqueo
Juan Asenjo
Kelp Biotechnology
Kelp Researchers i-mar