macromolecules protein proteins probably the most diverse group of macromolecules is the proteins
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MACROMOLECULES
PROTEI N
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PROTEINS
Probably the most diverse group of macromolecules is the proteins.
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PROTEINS
Proteins are complex polymers composed of C, H, O and N.
Polymer : large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together
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FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS• Serve as structural
components of animals, build and repair body tissue.
• Maintain cell growth• Serve as control
molecules (enzymes)• Serve as transport and
messenger molecules• Provide as energy if
sufficient carbohydrates and fats are not supplied by the diet.
• Ex. Keratin, elastin, collagen
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PROTEINS• The building blocks
of proteins are smaller molecules called amino acids held together by peptide bonds
• Most end in “ine”• Despite the wide
variety of life on Earth, all living organisms use only 20 different amino acids to produce the proteins they require
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PROTEINS
Green plants can make all 20 essential amino acids on their own; animals cannot.
Thus, animals, including humans, must get some of these essential amino acids from the foods they eat.
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• All animal proteins are complete proteins: i.e. milk, eggs, cheese, fish and meat have all 9 amino acids.
• Proteins from some plant sources, such as brewer's yeast, certain nuts, soybeans (tofu is made from soybeans), cottonseed, and the germ of grains are also complete proteins.
• Partially complete proteins do not contain all 9 of the essential amino acids but a limited amount of one or more of them. Partially complete amino acids provide normal maintenance but will not support growth.
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PROTEINS• Enzymes are
important proteins found in living things.
• An enzyme changes the rate of a chemical reaction.
• Enzymes are involved in nearly all metabolic reactions
• Usually end in “ase”
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PROTEINS
Substrate- Component in an enzyme reaction
Enzyme reactions take place in the active site
Substrate + Enzyme Product + Enzyme
The enzyme is unchanged in the reaction.
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PROTEINS
Each enzyme is specific to only one reaction.
This reaction is often compared to a lock and key.