madagascar flash appeal, 2009

8/8/2019 Madagascar Flash Appeal, 2009

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_CJVNH DG DRECLK_CPKDL_ VCRPKOKVCPKLE KL ODL_DNK@CPH@ CVVHCN_

CCRRHOCOGCOPH@C@RC

CgrkocrhCJK-GrclohCROC_BC_KCW_KOCRHOCRKPC_OHJKR KLPHRLCPKDLCNOH_WKOGCOMGOMGKOK_WOJCODLOHRL

Odlohrl XlkvhrscnODDVKODR@CK@

OD_WOR_OU_@clomuromck`

@@E@kcadlkh Hjhrehloy Ck`@ROHJ-@MGCDGCRGMKGkllomuromck`G_@ECCEDCNEPYEWOMcl`kocp KlthrlctkdlcnMhcntmLht PVDMHNV

MhnpCeh KlthrlctkdlcnMAKMdrl Rhnkhg

MPMujh`kocKCKND

KJOKLPHRJDLKlthrlhwsKLPHR_D_KDJKVM@KRKROKR@KRKLKRUKsncjko RUIDKLIR_NUGJcncrkc Odlsdrtkuj

JcnthshrJhroy OdrpsJ@C

J@JJH@CKRJHLPDRJHRNKL

LOCLVCLRODOMCDMOMRD]GCJVC (gdrjhrny KP@E)VCOPVCKVnclVJX-KVXRO/EhrjclyROD_cjcrktcl's Vursh_HOC@HW

_dnk`crkts_X@DPHCRGXL@

PEMXJODRXLCK@_XL@V

XL@__XLHVXLH_ODXLGVCXL-MCBKPCPXLMORXLKOHGXLKGHJXLINOXLJC_XLDV_XLRUCWK_UGVUMDUdrn` Odlohrl

Udrn` RhnkhgUWYDC


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kk k

PCBNH DG ODLPHLP_

3. H]HOXPKWH _XJJCR[........................................................................................3

Pcbnh K. _ujjcry dg Rhqukrhjhlts By Onusthr ..........................................................?

Pcbnh KK. _ujjcry dg Rhqukrhjhlts By Dreclksctkdl .................................................?

2. ODLPH]P CL@ MXJCLKPCRKCL ODL_HSXHLOH_.........................................0

2.3 ODLPH]P CL@ RH_VDL_H PD @CPH ............................................................................52.2 MXJCLKPCRKCL ODL_HSXHLOH_ CL@ LHH@_ CLCN[_K_ ...............................................;2.? _OHLCRKD_ ..............................................................................................................37

?. RH_VDL_H VNCL_.............................................................................................3=

?.3 GDD@ _HOXRKP[ CL@ NKWHNKMDD@_...........................................................................3=

?.2 LXPRKPKDL ...............................................................................................................22?.? UCPHR CL@ _CLKPCPKDL...........................................................................................20?.0 H@XOCPKDL ..............................................................................................................27?.8 MHCNPM....................................................................................................................25?.7 VRDPHOPKDL ............................................................................................................?6?.5 ODDR@KLCPKDL CL@ ODJJDL _HRWKOH_ ..................................................................?2

0. RDNH_ CL@ RH_VDL_KBKNKPKH_ ......................................................................??

CLLH] K. NK_P_ DG VRDIHOP_ .........................................................................................?0

VRDIHOP_ ERDXVH@ B[ _HOPDR/ONX_PHR..........................................................................?0VRDIHOP_ ERDXVH@ B[ DRECLK_CPKDL ..............................................................................?7_XJJCR[ DG RHSXKRHJHLP_ B[ KC_O_PCL@CR@ _HOPDR .................................................?;

CLLH] KK. CORDL[J_ CL@ CBBRHWKCPKDL_ .................................................................06

Vnhcsh ldth tmct cpphcns crh rhvksh` rheuncrny. Pmh ncthst vhrskdl dg tmks `doujhlt ks cvckncbnhdl mttp9//www.mujclktcrkclcpphcn.lht . Xp`cth` prdihot gul`kle rhqukrhjhlts crh smdwl

odltklucnny dl www.rhnkhgwhb.klt/gts.


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kv


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JC@CEC_OCR GNC_M CVVHCN 266;

3

3. H]HOXPKWH _XJJCR[

Kl 266;, Jc`cecsocr mcs sugghrh` tmh hgghots dg juntkpnh orkshs, klonu`kle `rduemt, oyondlhs cl` cphrkd` dg pdnktkocn klstcbknkty jcrah` by vkdnhloh, wmkom rhohltny nh` td tmh dustkle dg tmh Vrhsk`hlt.Pmh pdnktkocn orksks dvhr tmh pcst tmrhh jdltms mcs wdrshlh` tmh cnrhc`y pddr sktuctkdl dg ncrehshejhlts dg tmh Jcncecsy pdpunctkdl tmrduem `ksruptkdls kl bcsko sdokcn shrvkohs, c onkjcth dg ghcrcl` ulohrtcklty, cl` ocush` `hncys dr ohssctkdl dg shrvkohs td c lujbhr dg ck` cl` `hvhndpjhlt

prdihots cordss tmh odultry. Pmhsh `ksruptkdls mcvh hxcohrbcth` tmh hgghots dg tmh oyondlhs cl``rduemt, `kvhrtkle ctthltkdl, cl` `hncykle csshssjhlts cl` rhspdlsh. Pmh pdnktkocn klstcbknktyshvhrhny cgghoth` klùstry cl` dtmhr nkvhnkmdd` sdurohs, klonu`kle tmh tdurksj shotdr, ocuskle klodjhndsshs gdr jcly mdushmdn`s. Uktm tmh jcidrkty dg tmh pdpunctkdl nkvkle dl ul`hr $3 c `cy, klorhcsh`gdd` prkohs cl` nkjkth` klodjhs mcvh ourtcknh` tmh cbknkty dg jdst mdushmdn`s td coohss gdd`stuggs,wcthr, sclktctkdl cl` dtmhr sdokcn shrvkohs shrvkohs wmkom crh usucnny prdvk`h` dl c odst-rhodvhrybcsks.

Pmks odjbklctkdl dg orkshs mcs klorhcsh` tmh lujbhrs dg phrsdls lhh`kle mujclktcrkcl csskstcloh, tdtmh hxthlt tmct cl hstkjcth` 2.8 jknnkdl phdpnh nkvkle jcklny kl Jc`cecsocrs jckl oktkhs dgCltclclcrkvd, Cltskrclclc, Cltskrcbh, Pdnkcry, Pdcjcsklc, Jcmciclec, Jclcocrc cl` Gkclcrcltsdc,cl` cl c``ktkdlcn ==6,666 nkvkle kl tmh `rduemt-cgghoth` sdutm, ldw lhh` mujclktcrkcl csskstcloh.(_hh tcbnh dl pceh 3=.) Pmks gkeurh klonu`hs c shrkhs dg bhlhgkokcry tcreht erdups, jcly dg wmkom

dvhrncp, cl` wmkom `hjdlstrcth tmh odjpnhxkty dg tmh orksks cl` kts klthrnklacehs. Uktm gdd` klshourktykl Jc`cecsocrs jcidr oktkhs ct ?8%, kt klonu`hs jdrh tmcl 036,666 Jcncecsy wmd crh ldw kl lhh` dggdd` csskstcloh, klonu`kle 386,666 kl tmh `rduemt-strkoahl _dutm cl` 276,666 kl gdur dg tmh jcidroktkhs wmhrh tmh pdnktkocn ulrhst mcs bhhl tmh wdrst. Gdd` klshourkty kl tmh sdutm ks hxphoth` tdwdrshl cs tmh ncoa dg rckls ks hxphoth` td `hncy tmh lhxt mcrvhst by tmrhh jdltms cl` td rhùoh kt tdby hstkjcth` ?6 - 06%, nhcvkle c skelkgkoclt gdd` ecp.

Kt cnsd klonu`hs up td =;3,666 phdpnh, 566,666 dg wmdj crh kl tmh jckl oktkhs, wmd lhh` urehlt wcthr,sclktctkdl cl` myekhlh (UC_M) klthrvhltkdls, hsphokcnny 366,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr tmh ceh dg gkvh.Xrehlt UC_M klthrvhltkdls crh lhh`h` kl tmh odlthxt dg brhca`dwls dr `ksruptkdls td bcsko sdokcnshrvkohs cl` tmh ncoa dg rckl wmkom mcs skelkgkocltny rhùoh` tmh cjdult dg wcthr cvckncbnh gdr mujclodlsujptkdl cl` myekhlh, nhc`kle td odl`ktkdls kl wmkom tmh rksa dg wcthr-bdrlh `kshcsh dutbrhcas kshxtrhjhny mkem. Cl klthercth` klthrvhltkdl hlodjpcsskle UC_M, mhcntm, lutrktkdl cl` gdd` ck`

prdercjjhs gdr cbdut 386,666 phdpnh kl tmh sdutm ks urehltny lhh`h` td cvhrt c pdthltkcn lutrktkdlcnorksks tmrduem Iulh, wmhl tmh mcrvhst ks hxphoth`.

Kt cnsd klonu`hs ?36,866 omkn`rhl ul`hr gkvh, klonu`kle 255,866 kl tmh oktkhs, urehltny kl lhh` dglutrktkdlcn csskstcloh, cs whnn cs 308,666 prhelclt dr ncotctkle wdjhl. Kl tmh mhcntm shotdr, vktcn`rues cl` jh`kocn jcthrkcn wknn bh prh-pdsktkdlh`, c ahy jhcsurh smdun` c juom-ghcrh` `ksruptkdl dgtmh prdourhjhlt cl` `kstrkbutkdl omckl dg `rues cl` odlsujcbnh tcah pncoh cs c rhsunt dg tmh vkdnhloh.Cotkdls td cvdk` `ksruptkdl dg tmh odn` omckl, klonu`kle prdvkskdl dg guhn cl` spcrh pcrts, wknn hlsurhodltkluctkdl dg vcooklctkdls gdr 502,;66 omkn`rhl, cl` dtmhr klthrvhltkdls wknn hlsurh rhprdùotkvhmhcntm shrvkohs gdr tmh scjh lujbhr dg wdjhl. Pmh mhcntm shotdr wknn cnsd suppdrt cl` pdsskbnyhxpcl` tmh ld-odst coohss td bcsko mhcntmocrh prdvkskdl gdr tmh jdst vunlhrcbnh phrsdls (ourrhltnysdjh 266,666 phdpnh) gdr tmh lhxt tmrhh jdltms, `hphl`kle dl tmh hvdnutkdl dg tmh sktuctkdl. Dvhr56,666 omkn`rhl wknn cnsd `krhotny bhlhgkt grdj c rcleh dg somddn prdercjjhs, klonu`kle jcthrkcn

csskstcloh, cs whnn cs grdj psyomd-sdokcn csskstcloh td `hcn wktm tmh kjpcots dg tmh orksks, hsphokcnnycs odlohrls tmhkr hxpdsurh td pdnktkocnny jdtkvcth` vkdnhloh.

Umknh pcrtkouncr gdous mcs bhhl pncoh` dl tmh `hnkvhry dg hjhrehloy ck`, tmhrh ks cnsd c lhh` gdr tkjh-orktkocn hcrny rhodvhry hnhjhlts tmct suppdrt nkvhnkmdd` rhodvhry, cl` wmkom ocl kjjh`kcthny suppdrttmh cgghoth` pdpunctkdl td rhstdrh tmhkr nkvhs. Jdrh kjpdrtcltny, odjjulkty phcoh-bukn`kle tcahs dlc``h` skelkgkocloh grdj tmh odjjulktkhs wmdsh ulrhsdnvh` erkhvclohs ocush` tmh okvkn ulrhst. Kl tmksrhecr`, ctthltkdl just cnsd bh ekvhl td edvhrlcloh cl` td c oddr`klcth` cpprdcom td `hnkvhry cl`coohss td bcsko cl` prdthotkdl shrvkohs.

Cs dg tmh pubnkoctkdl dg tmks cpphcn, tmh rhspdlsh td tmh vkotkjs dg oyondlhs Hrko cl` Gclhnh, wmkom mkttmh ldrtm-hcsthrl cl` sdutm-whsthrl odcsts kl Iclucry 266;, wcs c`hqucth `hspkth `hncys klcsskstcloh ùh td tmh pdnktkocn vkdnhloh, tmh hxohptkdl bhkle tmh rhmcbknktctkdl dg somddns. Mhloh, tmks

cpphcn cnsd shhas td suppdrt tmh hjhrehloy rhmcbknktctkdl dg c nkjkth` lujbhr dg somddns, wktmdutwmkom sdjh ?,666 omkn`rhl wknn jkss cl hltkrh somddn yhcr. (Ld klgdrjctkdl ks cvckncbnh yht dl tmhhgghots dg Oyondlh Ic`h, wmkom struoa Jc`cecsocr cs c octhedry 3 stdrj dl 7 Cprkn 266;.)


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Pmh ourrhlt `hncys cl`/dr tmh susphlskdl dg edvhrljhlt prdercjjhs, odjbklh` wktm tmh rhùohòcpcokty dg tmh c`jklkstrctkdl ùh td tmh su``hl omcleh kl nhc`hrsmkp cl` tmh susphlskdl dg sdjhklthrlctkdlcn csskstcloh, mcs shvhrhny ourtcknh` tmh ourrhlt Edvhrljhlts ocpcokty td jhht tmh bcskolhh`s dg tmh pdpunctkdl. Pd prhvhlt tmh `hthrkdrctkdl dg tmh mujclktcrkcl sktuctkdl, tmh Jc`cecsocrMujclktcrkcl Odultry Phcj ks shhakle X_$ ?8,5?2,886 td scvh nkvhs, bdnsthr sdokcn scghty lhts cl`,smdun` tmh pdnktkocn sktuctkdl cnndw, suppdrt tkjh-orktkocn rhodvhry.

3 Pmks cpphcn wknn bh rhvksh` cs tmh

sktuctkdl hvdnvhs cl` gurtmhr csshssjhlt cl` survhknncloh `ctc bhodjhs cvckncbnh.

Bcsko mujclktcrkcl cl` hvhndpjhlt kl`koctdrs gdr Jc`cecsocr Vdpunctkdl 3;.7 jknnkdl (KL_PCP Jc`cecsocr, prdi. 6;) Xrbcl pdpunctkdl prdpdrtkdl 22% (KL_PCP HVJ

22667)

Vdpunctkdl erdwtm rcth 2.=% (KL_PCP HVJ) Nkgh hxphotcloy ct bkrtm 8=.0 yhcrs (M@R, 2665/266=)

Xl`hr-gkvh jdrtcnkty;0 p/3,666 (Gdr yhcr 2660, LctkdlcnRhpdrt/J@E 2660)

Klgclt jdrtcnkty rcth (phr 3,666 nkvh bkrtms) 8= (@M_ KKK, 266?-2660) Vrhvcnhloh dg ul`hr-ldurksmjhlt kl tdtcn pdpunctkdl 78% (J_VG/KL_VO/XLKOHG, 2665) Jcthrlcn jdrtcnkty / 366,666 NB 07; (@M_ KKK, 266?-2660) Ndw bkrtm whkemt klok`hloh 35.?% (@M_ KKK, 266?-2660) Vrdpdrtkdl dg pdpunctkdl uskle kjprdvh` `rklakle

wcthr sdurohs05% (XLKOHG/UMD IJV Vrderhss Rhpdrt dl@rklakle Ucthr cl` _clktctkdl, Iuny 266=)

Vrdpdrtkdl dg pdpunctkdl uskle sclktctkdl gcoknktkhs 32% (XLKOHG/UMD IJV Vrderhss Rhpdrt dl@rklakle Ucthr cl` _clktctkdl, Iuny 266=) Vhrohltceh dg pdpunctkdl nkvkle dvhr 8aj grdj c bcsko

mhcntm ohltrh8?% (Jc`cecsocr Lctkdlcn KjjulksctkdlOdvhrceh _urvhy, Jcrom 266=)

Vhrohltceh dg omkn`rhl ul`hr 3 kjjulksh` cecklstjhcsnhs

=?% (gdr 2660, JKL_CLVG)

MKW prhvcnhloh cjdle 38-td-0;-yhcr-dn`s 6.3% (XLCK@_, 266=)

Vrkjcry somddn hlrdnjhlt rcth;7.2% (Gdr yhcr 2667, Lctkdlcn Rhpdrt / J@E2660)

Vhrohltceh dg knnkthrcoy cjdle dvhr-38-yhcr-dn`s 2;.?% (Lctkdlcn Rhpdrt / J@E 2660) Vhrohltceh dg ohltrcn edvhrljhlt sphl`kle dl

hùoctkdl3?% (3;;8-2668) _tcth dg tmh Udrn`s Omkn`rhl,266=

Vhrohltceh dg pdpunctkdl nkvkle dl nhss tmcl $3 phr`cy

75.8% 2667 (Lctkdlcn Rhpdrt / J@E 2660)

Erdss lctkdlcn klodjh phr ocpktc (puromcskle pdwhrpcrkty)

;26 (klthrlctkdlcn `dnncrs - Udrn` `hvhndpjhltKl`koctdrs @ctcbcsh, Udrn` Bcla, Dot. 266=)

Dggkokcn `hvhndpjhlt csskstcloh klgndws tdJc`cecsocr kl 2667

$7??.8 jknnkdl (2665 survhy DHO@)

Cllucn lht rhjkttclohs, 2667 $33 jknnkdl (UB) HOMD Wunlhrcbknkty cl` Orksks Kl`hx sodrh (W/O) 2/? _hvhrh 2665 XL@V Mujcl @hvhndpjhlt Kl`hx sodrh 30?/355 (Jh`kuj Mujcl @hvhndpjhlt)

KC_O HcrnyUcrlkle Hcrny

Cotkdl Rhpdrt(Jcrom Iulh266;)9

Cnhrt Nhvhn9 DRCLEH1 klorhcsh` nhvhns dg prhpcrh`lhss/rhspdlsh nkahn y td bhrhqukrh`

Klorhcsh` prhpcrh`lhss cl` sustcklh` mujclktcrkcl csskstcloh wknn bh rhqukrh` klnkemt dg pdnktkocn vdnctknkty cl` pdthltkcn gdr okvkn ulrhst, odltkluh` rksa dg oyondlhs cl`gndd`kle, cl` gdd` klshourkty kl tmh sdutm

Pmh pdnktkocn sktuctkdl ks nkahny td rhjckl vdnctknh, cl` tmhrh ks c mkem rksa dg gurtmhr okvknulrhst, vkdnhloh cl` mujcl rkemts vkdnctkdls.

Pmh rksa dg oyondlhs cl` gndd`s wknn rhjckl ultkn Cprkn, cl` odun` rhsunt kl cl klorhcsh`lujbhr dg phdpnh kl lhh` dg mujclktcrkcl csskstcloh. Vhdpnh kl crhcs cgghoth` by266= oyondlhs kl tmh Ldrtm-Uhst wknn rhjckl kl lhh` dg csskstcloh.

Gdd` csskstcloh kl tmh _dutm wknn stknn bh rhqukrh`, cs tmh gdd` shourkty sktuctkdl mcs`hthrkdrcth` ùh td hrrctko cl` klsuggkokhlt rcklgcnn bhtwhhl Cprkn cl` Dotdbhr 266=

3Cnn dnncr skels kl tmks doujhlt hldth Xlkth _tcths dnncrs. Gul kle gdr tmks cpphcn smdun bh rhpdrth td tmh Gklclokcn Prcoakle_hrvkoh (GP_, gtsFrhnkhgwhb.klt), wmkom wknn kspncy kts rhqukrhjhlts cl gul kle dl tmh OCV 266; pceh.2Lctkdlcn rhpdrt dl J@Es gdnndw-up.


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?

Pcbnh K. _ujjcry dg Rhqukrhjhlts By Onusthr

Pcbnh KK. _ujjcry dg Rhqukrhjhlts By Dreclksctkdl

Odjpknh` by DOMC dl tmh bcsks dg klgdrjctkdl prdvk`h` by tmh rhsphotkvh cpphcnkle dreclksctkdl.

Pcbnh K9 Jc`cecsocr Gncsm Cpphcn 266;_ujjcry dg Rhqukrhjhlts - by Onusthr

cs dg5 Cprkn 266;mttp9//www.rhnkhgwhb.klt/gts

Drkeklcn Rhqukrhjhlts(X_$)

Onusthr

?86,666Oddr`klctkdl cl` Odjjdl _hrvkohs

=82,886H`uoctkdl

37,7?6,666Gdd` _hourkty cl` Nkvhnkmdd`s

?,7=6,666Mhcntm

0,686,666Lutrktkdl

=56,666Vrdthotkdl

;,?66,666Ucthr cl` _clktctkdl

Ercl ` Pdtcn ?8,5?2,886

Pmh nkst dg prdihots cl` tmh gkeurhs gdr tmhkr gul`kle rhqukrhjhlts kl tmks `doujhlt crh c slcpsmdt cs dg 5 Cprkn 266;.Gdr odltkludusny up`cth` klgdrjctkdl dl prdihots, gul`kle rhqukrhjhlts, cl` odltrkbutkdls td cth, vkskt tmh GklclokcnPrcoakle _hrvkoh (www.rhnkhgwhb.klt/gts).

* LDPH9 hvdnvkle prcotkoh ks td smdw gul`kle phr 'shotdr' (dr sdjhtkjhs 'onusthr')gdnndwkle tmh shotdr erdupkles ush` kl odultry, td bh kl coodr`cloh wktm tmhoddr`klctkdl struoturhs dl tmh erdul` cl` kl tmh cpphcn thxt. Gul`kle phr stcl`cr`KC_O shotdr ks cnsd trcoah` (shh Pcbnh W, p. 03), bhocush tmh gkxh` stcl`cr` cnndws

odjpcrksdl cordss cpphcns. GP_ dl-nklh tcbnhs wknn dgghr bdtm erdupkles.

Pcbnh KK9 Jc`cecsocr Gncsm Cpphcn 266;_ujjcry dg Rhqukrhjhlts - by Cpphcnkle Dreclksctkdl

cs dg 65 Cprkn 266;mttp9//www.rhnkhgwhb.klt/gts

Odjpknh` by DOMC dl tmh bcsks dg klgdrjctkdl prdvk`h` by tmh rhsphotkvh cpphcnkle dreclksctkdl.

Cpphcn kle Dreclksct kdl Drkeklcn Rhqukrhjhlts(X_$)

086,666OCRH Klthrlctkdlcn

3,;66,666ORJ

3,?66,666GCD

3?6,666J@J

726,666XL@V

?86,666XLGVC

37,;?2,886XLKOHG

3?,?66,666UGV

586,666UMD

?8,5?2,886Ercl` Pdtcn

Pmh nkst dg prdihots cl` tmh gkeurhs gdr tmhkr gul`kle rhqukrhjhlts kl tmks doujhlt crh c slcpsmdt cs dg 5 Cprk n 266;.Gdr odltkludusny up`cth` klgdrjctkdl dl prdihots, gul`kle rhqukrhjhlts, cl` odltrkbutkdls td cth, vkskt tmh GklclokcnPrcoakle _hrvkoh (www.rhnkhgwhb.klt/gts).


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0

2. ODLPH]P CL@ MXJCLKPCRKCL ODL_HSXHLOH_

Jc`cecsocr ks prhshltny sugghrkle grdj tmh hgghots dg tmrhh orkshs tmh `cjceh ocush` by c shrkhs dgoyondlhs, c `rduemt, cl` c`jklkstrctkvh `ksdreclksctkdl cs c rhsunt dg tmh dledkle pdnktkocn orksks cnn dgwmkom crh nklah` td hcom dtmhr cl` odjpdul` `hhp-shcth` vunlhrcbknktkhs kl ncreh shejhlts dg tmhpdpunctkdl. Umknst shrkdus kl tmhkr dwl rkemt, tmh `rduemt kl tmh sdutm cl` tmh pdst-oyondlh rhodvhrymcvh bdtm bhhl wdrshlh` by tmh pdnktkocn sktuctkdl.

Vdnktkocn orksks_kloh Iclucry 266; Jc`cecsocr mcs bhhl kl tmh erkp dg c pdnktkocn orksks wmkom ounjklcth` kl tmhdustkle dg tmh Vrhsk`hlt dl 35 Jcrom, cl` wmkom hxcohrbcth` tmh vunlhrcbknkty dg tmh 53% dg tmhJcncecsy pdpunctkdl nkvkle ul`hr twd `dnncrs phr `cy, cl` tmdsh nkvkle kl urbcl crhcs kl pcrtkouncr. Klc``ktkdl, tmh odjpdul`h` kjpcot dg skjuntclhdus orkshs mcs cgghoth` tmh edvhrljhlts cl`mujclktcrkcl stcahmdn`hrs ocpcokty td rhspdl`. Ekvhl tmh gnuk`kty dg tmh sktuctkdl, tmh gunnmujclktcrkcl kjpcot dg tmh pdnktkocn orksks ks cs yht ulonhcr. Mdwhvhr, sdjh dg tmh `krhot hgghots crhhvk`hlt kl tmh gdnndwkle9 Klorhcsh` urbcl gdd` klshourkty ùh td idb ndsshs.

? Pmh klùstry syl`kocth (_yl`koct `hs

Klùstrkhns `h Jc`cecsocr Q_KJZ) kl`kocth` tmct cs c `krhot odlshquhloh dg tmh orksks,`hstruotkdl dg odjjhrokcn dutnhts gdnndwkle tmh klktkcn ulrhsts ct tmh hl` dg Iclucry rhsunth` klsdjh 36,666 phdpnh ndskle tmhkr idbs. Pmks kl turl rhsunth` kl prderhsskvh c`dptkdl dg lhectkvh

odpkle strcthekhs (h.e. nddtkle), cl` rhùoh` coohss td bcsko shrvkohs klonu`kle mhcntm, wcthr,hto - wmkom crh prdvk`h` dl odst-rhodvhry bcsks. Cs c rhsunt, lhcrny 276,666 phdpnh rhqukrhgdd` csskstcloh kl urbcl crhcs.

Rhstrkoth` coohss td mhcntm ocrh. Ct tmh phca dg tmh vkdnhloh, mhcntm shrvkohs whrhdvhrstrhtomh` cs tmhy strueenh` td `hcn wktm cl ulprhoh`hlth` lujbhr dg ocsucntkhs. Pmks cnsddvhrstrhtomh` rhghrrcn ocpcoktkhs. Vrkdrkty wcs ekvhl td ocsucntkhs, rhsuntkle kl nhss jh`kocnctthltkdl td dtmhr pctkhlts. Pmh orksks tmus cgghoth` coohss td hjhrehloy mhcntmocrh prdvkskdl,klonu`kle gdr jcthrlkty shrvkohs cl` dtmhr hjhrehlokhs ldt rhncth` td tmh orksks, kl ndoctkdls kltmh vkoklkty dg grhquhlt `hjdlstrctkdls, cl` ùrkle ourghw mdurs. Cs klstcbknkty ks nkahny tdodltkluh, pcrtlhrs hstkjcth tmct up td 3,666 ocsucntkhs, klonu`kle ?86 shvhrh ocshs wknn lhh`kjjh`kcth trhctjhlt dvhr tmh lhxt twd jdltms, cl` tmct jdrbk`kty cl` jdrtcnkty rcths wknn stcrttd klorhcsh, tdehtmhr wktm tmh rksa dg c rhsurehloh dg odjjulkocbnh `kshcshs.

@ksruptkdl dg bcsko sdokcn shrvkohs. Pmhsh klonu`h` hùoctkdl cl` wcsth odnnhotkdl1 tmh nctthrtmrhcthls td mcsthl tmh sprhc` dg `kshcshs. Dtmhr prdercjjhs, suom cs sdcp `kstrkbutkdl drmyekhlh prdjdtkdl, whrh ourbh` ùh td tmh bcl kl pubnko ectmhrkles. Cs c rhsunt UC_Mshrvkohs gdr 566,666 phdpnh cl` myekhlh prdjdtkdl cotkvktkhs tcrehtkle =8,666 phdpnh, mcvhbhhl `ksrupth`.

Klorhcsh` prdthotkdl cl` mujcl rkemt odlohrls. Pmhsh klonu`h rhpdrts dg jksskle phrsdls,mcrcssjhlt dg pubnko dggkokcns, stu`hlts gdroh` td pcrtkokpcth kl strhht `hjdlstrctkdls, cl`hxohsskvh ush dg gdroh by ncw hlgdrohjhlt bd`khs. Pmks odltrkbuth` td orhcth c onkjcth dg ghcrcl` rhsunth` kl mkem nhvhns dg trcujc cjdle c ncreh shotkdl dg tmh urbcl pdpunctkdl, pcrtkouncrnycjdle omkn`rhl, wmd wktlhssh` dr whrh vkotkjs dg vkdnhlt hvhlts. Kjjh`kcth hgghots klonu`h,cjdle dtmhrs, klorhcskleny ceerhsskvh bhmcvkdur cjdle omkn`rhl kl somddn cl` klorhcshs klrcths dg iuvhlknh `hnklquhloy. Ehl`hr-bcsh` vkdnhloh (EBW) odlohrls cnwcys klorhcsh ùrkleorkshs, but dgthl rhjckl ulrhpdrth`.

Ourtcknh` csshssjhlt cl` prdercjjkle td tmh oyondlh-cgghoth` crhcs. Gdr klstcloh, shourktyrhstrkotkdls `hncyh` tmh `kstrkbutkdl dg juom-lhh`h` mujclktcrkcl csskstcloh (ldl-gdd` kthjsQLGKZ, myekhlh akts, hto.) cl` tmh rhodlstruotkdl dg somddns. Gurtmhrjdrh, tmh tmrhct dg jdrhoyondlhs cgghotkle Jc`cecsocr ks stknn rhcn, cs twd lhw trdpkocn `hprhsskdls (Kzkn`c, k`hltkgkh` dl28 Jcrom kl tmh Jdzcjbkocl omcllhn cl` Ic`h, k`hltkgkh` dl 8 Cprkn dl tmh hcst odcst dgJc`cecsocr) mcvh cgghoth` tmh hcsthrl cl` sdutmhrl pcrts dg tmh ksncl` wktm mhcvy rcklgcnns.

0

?Pmh kl ustry syl kocth (_KJ) kl kocth tmct, cs c krhot odlshquhloh dg tmh orksks, hstruotkdl dg odjjhrokcn dutnhts gdnndwkle tmh klktkcnulrhsts ct tmh hl dg Iclucry rhsunth kl sdjh 36,666 phdpnh ndskle tmhkr idbs. Pmh Klthrlctkdlcn Jdlhtcry Gul (KJG)-Udn Bcla (UB)Hcrny Rhodvhry thcj c vksh tmct klstcbknkty odun gurtmhr cgghot odlgk hloh dg klthrlctkdlcn klvhstdrs, cgghotkle prd uotkdl, hsphokcnny kl tmh

thxtknh shotdr. Ghcrs hxkst tmct, smdun tmh orksks odltkluh, tmh kjpcot dl tmh Jcncecsy hodldjy wknn bh hvhl jdrh shrkdus cl wdun rhsuntkl cl klorhcsh dg klgdrjcn shotdr cotkvkty, cl gurtmhr ndss dg hjpndyjhlt wktm dbvkdus rhphrousskdls dl tmh ckny nkgh dg ncreh strctc dg tmhpdpunctkdl.0 GCD c vkshs tmct mhcvy rckls dvhr c smdrt phrkd dg tkjh crh ldt bhlhgkokcn gdr cerkounturh. Kl dr hr gdr sdjh dg tmh rduemts hgghots tdbh jktkecth , rcklgcnn wdun mcvh td bh sustcklh gdr c ndlehr phrkd dg tkjh.


9/47


8

@rduemtKl tmh `rduemt-cgghoth` sdutm, lutrktkdlcn, gdd` shourkty, mhcntm cl` wcthr cl` sclktctkdl klthrvhltkdlscrh bhkle hxpcl`h`, wktm cvckncbnh rhsdurohs (tmh Xlkth` Lctkdls Omkn`rhls Gul` QXLKOHGZ rheuncrprdercjjh gul`s cl` tmh Udrn` Gdd` Vrdercjjh QUGVZ Vrdtrcoth` Rhnkhg cl` Rhodvhry DphrctkdlQVRRDZ cl` odultry prdercjjh). Mdwhvhr, gul`s crh klsuggkokhlt td octhr gdr hxkstkle lhh`s, cs klktkcngdrhocsts hstkjcth` ct 366,666 cgghoth` whrh rhvksh` upwcr`s kl @hohjbhr td rhcom ?=3,666phdpnh (_CV

8hstkjcths, odlgkrjh` by edvhrljhlt-XL csshssjhlts). Dg tmhsh, 386,666 lhh`

kjjh`kcth csskstcloh. Gurtmhrjdrh, tmh pdnktkocn orksks mcs sdjhwmct `kvhrth` ctthltkdl grdj tmhnddjkle `rduemt, `hncykle prhpcrh`lhss, csshssjhlt cl` rhspdlsh. _hourkty odlohrls gdr tmhtrclspdrt dg juom-lhh`h` kthjs, ùh td tmh pdnktkocn klstcbknkty, mcvh cnsd `hncyh` sdjh dg tmhdphrctkdls. Cs cl hxcjpnh, tmh pncllh` rhmcbknktctkdl dg bdrhmdnhs mcs bhhl `hncyh` cs trclspdrthrsrhgush` td trcvhn ùh td klorhcsh` shourkty odlohrls. Cs dg ldw, oddr`klctkdl dg cotkvktkhs wktmkl tmhonusthrs cs whnn cs odjprhmhlskvh klthr-onusthr rhspdlsh pncllkle mcs stcrth`.

Rcklgcnnodnnhoth` grdj_ CV cl ` O LC stctkdls (jj)

6.6

86.6

366.6

386.6

266.6

286.6

s hpt dot ldv `ho icl ghb

Jdltmny cvhrceh dvhr26yhcrs

(rhekdl)

(Jdltmnycvhrceh 65T6=(rhekdl

(Jdltmnycvhrceh 67T65(rhekdl

Jdltmny cvhrceh 6=T6;

(Cjbdvdjbh)

Oyondlhs

Kl Iclucry 266; twd oyondlhs (Hrko cl` Gclhnh) mkt Jc`cecsocr. Xl`hr tmh nhc`hrsmkp dg tmh LctkdlcnDggkoh gdr @kscsthr Jclcehjhlt cl` Vrhpcrh`lhss (Burhcu Lctkdlcn pdur nc Ehstkdl `hs Rksquhs `hOctcstrdpmhs dr BLERO), stcahmdn`hrs klonu`kle edvhrljhlt cehlokhs, XL, LEDs cl` tmh JcncecsyRh` Ordss (JRO) stcrth` td prdvk`h mujclktcrkcl csskstcloh td tmh cgghoth` pdpunctkdl (cpprdx.8=,666 phdpnh, klonu`kle 0,666 klthrlcnny `kspncoh` phrsdls dr K@Vs). Rhspdlsh wcs prdvk`h` uskleprh-pdsktkdlh` odjjd`ktkhs. Umknst jdst dg tmh rhspdlsh td oyondlh Hrko tdda pncoh prkdr td tmhpdnktkocn orksks, klthrvhltkdls gdnndwkle oyondlh Gclhnh whrh `ksrupth` by rhohlt pdnktkocn hvhlts.Csshssjhlt jksskdls whrh susphl`h` cl`, kl sdjh ocshs, tmks rhsunth` kl `hncys kl csskstcloh`hnkvhry. _httkle up thlts, wcthr cl` sclktctkdl prdvkskdl mcvh bhhl hrrctko cl` pddrny oddr`klcth` kltmh gkrst whha gdnndwkle tmh Iclucry klok`hlts. Pmh BLERO ondsh` `dwl kts dggkohs kl tmh ocpktcn dl 27Iclucry, cl` rh-dphlh` smdrtny tmhrhcgthr, cnbhkt gdr c ghw mdurs `ckny. Umknh kjjh`kcth lhh`s mcvhncrehny bhhl jht, tmh pdsskbknkty dg gurtmhr oyondlhs rhjckls.

Umknh vunlhrcbknkty nhvhns crh ehlhrcnny mkemhr kl rurcn crhcs, tmh kjpcot dg rhphcth` shourkty cl`hodldjko smdoas ks jdrh rcpk`ny cl` shvhrhny ghnt kl urbcl crhcs. Bhgdrh tmh orksks, tmh pdpunctkdlwcs cnrhc`y sugghrkle grdj shvhrh gdd` klshourkty (up td 06% kl sdjh oktkhs), cl` wmknh spkahs kl gdd`prkohs mcvh stcbknksh` tmhy rhjckl mkemhr tmcl ct tmh stcrt dg tmh yhcr, jcakle gdd` klorhcsklenyklcoohsskbnh td ncreh pdrtkdls dg tmh pdpunctkdl. Cecklst tmks bcoa`rdp, kt ks ghcrh` tmct hvhl rhnctkvhnysjcnn smdoas, suom cs gurtmhr gndd`s cl`/dr oyondlhs, odun` gurtmhr hxcohrbcth tmks `krh sktuctkdl.Gklcnny, cs tmh pdnktkocn orksks odltkluhs, bcsko kl`koctdrs suom cs gdd` klshourkty, jcnlutrktkdl, jdrbk`ktycl` jdrtcnkty, cl` coohss td shrvkohs crh hxphoth` td wdrshl ulnhss prhvhltkvh cl` rhspdlskvh cotkdlks tcahl.

Pd jhht tmhsh lhh`s, XL cehlokhs cl` LEDs mcvh bhhl gdroh` td rhprdercjjh tmhkr nkjkth`rhsdurohs tdwcr`s kjjh`kcth rhspdlsh tmhrhtd, but tmhsh wknn smdrtny bh hxmcusth`. Gurtmhr, `hncyscl`/dr tmh susphlskdl dg gul`s td edvhrljhlt prdercjjhs, cndlesk`h tmh cnrhc`y rhùoh` ocpcokty dg

tmh c`jklkstrctkdl cl` su``hl omcleh dg nhc`hrsmkp, jhcl tmct tmh ourrhlt c`jklkstrctkdls ocpcokty td

8_CV9 _ysthjh `Cnhrth Vrhodoh (Hcrny Ucrlkle _ysthj). _uppdrth by tmh Hurdphcl Xlkdl (HX) cl kjpnhjhlth by UGV td jdlktdrgdd shourkty ctc kl tmh sdutmhrl pcrt dg tmh odultry.


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7

jhht tmh bcsko lhh`s dg tmh cgghoth` pdpunctkdl mcvh cnsd bhhl shvhrhny ourtcknh`, nhcvkle jdst`hnkvhry dg mujclktcrkcl ck` kltd tmh mcl`s dg mujclktcrkcl dreclksctkdls.

Kjpnkoctkdls dg tmh pdnktkocn orksksPmh erdwkle pdnktkocn ksdnctkdl dg Jc`cecsocr, cl` tmh `hokskdl dg sdjh `dldrs td susphl` ldl-mujclktcrkcl ck`, crh nkahny td hvhl gurtmhr cgghot tmh Edvhrljhlts ocpcokty td rhspdl` td tmh lhh`sdg kts pdpunctkdl, klorhcskle tmh ocshndc`s dg tmdsh rhqukrkle klthrlctkdlcn csskstcloh td survkvh. Gdrklstcloh, bhgdrh tmh pdnktkocn orksks, dggkokcn `hvhndpjhlt ck` (D@C) td tmh pubnko shotdr cjdulth` td$766 jknnkdl 7 cl` rhprhshlth` 58% dg tmh edvhrljhlt's klvhstjhlt buèht. Cs cl kjjh`kcthodlshquhloh dg tmh orksks, $266 jknnkdl kl D@C mcs cnrhc`y bhhl grdzhl, klonu`kle cnn `krhot buèhtsuppdrt td tmh edvhrljhlt.

Pmh gunn sodph dg ck` susphlskdls ks ldt yht aldwl, but kt ks nkahny td klorhcsh gurtmhr wktm `hokskdlshxphoth` kl tmh lhxt ghw whhas grdj sdjh ahy `dldrs. Pmh edvhrljhlt ourrhltny mcs rhsdurohs tdpcy okvkn shrvclt scncrkhs ultkn tmh hl` dg Cprkn 266;, but mcs kl`kocth` tmct kt wknn strueenh td pcy tmdshgdr Jcy. Edvhrljhlt rhvhluh rhnkhs td c ncreh hxthlt dl vcnuh-c``h` tcx (WCP)1 mdwhvhr, kjpdrts crhourrhltny `dwl by ?6%, cl` tdurkst bddakles crh cnjdst 366% oclohnnh`, odjpdul`kle edvhrljhltbuèhtcry omcnnhlehs.

Cecklst tmks bcoa`rdp, pcrtlhrs cerhh` tmct ekvhl tmh odjpdul`h` vunlhrcbknktkhs c twd-gdn` rhspdlsh

ks lhh`h`. Pmks klonu`hs mujclktcrkcl rhspdlsh td nkgh-scvkle lhh`s, cndlesk`h tkjh-orktkocn hcrnyrhodvhry hnhjhlts klonu`kle tmh hstcbnksmjhlt dg scghty lhts cl` dtmhr sdokcn prdthotkdl jhcsurhscl` odlgk`hloh-bukn`kle cs whnn cs rhodloknkctkdl hggdrts.

Cs tmh orksks hvdnvhs, cl` rhsunts dg csshssjhlts cl` survhknncloh bhocjh cvckncbnh, kjjh`kcth cl`jh`kuj-thrj jhcsurhs wknn lhh` td bh rhvksh`, td hlsurh cl cpprdprkcth rhspdlsh td tmh omcleklehlvkrdljhlt.

7 Bu ehtcry ck td tmh edvhrljhlt, D@C ksburshjhlts td tmh pubnko shotdr, 266= Dreclksctkdl gdr Hodldjko Oddphrctkdl cl@hvhndpjhlt (DHO@) survhy dl ck hgghotkvhlhss kl Jc cecsocr.


11/47


12/47


=

_dokd-pdnktkocn orksks

Onusthr/_hotdr Rhspdlsh cotkvktkhsGdd` shourkty cl`Nkvhnkmdd`s

Edvhrljhlt `kstrkbuth` subsk`ksh` gdd` kl Cltclclcrkvd, kl cl ctthjpt tdstcbknksh gdd` prkohs. Pmh Jklkstry dg Hùoctkdl (JdH) cllduloh` `kstrkbutkdldg rkoh td sdjh somddns kl tmh ocpktcn td hlsurh gulotkdlkle dg somddn oclthhlscl` td hlodurceh ctthl`cloh. Mdwhvhr, tmks mcs yht td stcrt.

Xl`hr OCRH nhc`hrsmkp, UGV cl` LEDs, klonu`kle Rheekd Phrzd Jdl`d

(RPJ) cl` C@RC, hstcbnksmh` c survhknncloh jhomclksj td k`hltkgy crhcs dgtmh ocpktcn wmhrh gdd` klshourkty mcs klorhcsh`. Kl`koctkdls crh tmct kl CprknUGV cl` pcrtlhrs wknn lhh` td `kstrkbuth 076 JPs dg gdd` phr jdltm td 86,666`ckny bhlhgkokcrkhs kl tmh jdst vunlhrcbnh crhcs dg tmh ocpktcn.

@urkle tmh pdnktkocn orksks, UGV cl` pcrtlhrs odltkluh` `ckny lutrktkdlcn suppdrtklthrvhltkdls gdr 8,866 jcnldurksmh` omkn`rhl ul`hr-gkvh, prhelclt cl` ncotctklewdjhl (VNU), PB cl` MKW pctkhlts cl` drpmcls cl` vunlhrcbnh omkn`rhl(DWO).

Gdd` suppdrt mcs bhhl prderhsskvhny socnh`-up wktm UGV klthrlcn rhsdurohs.Lutrktkdl XLKOHG cl` DLL hstcbnksmh` c survhknncloh systhj bcsh` dl c sht dg tmrhh

shltklhns skths kl hcom dg tmh gkvh tdwls odvhrh` by tmh 266= urbcl lutrktkdlcncsshssjhlt.

Ucthr, _clktctkdl cl`Myekhlh

XLKOHG, ORJ cl` dtmhr pcrtlhrs sthpph`-up jdlktdrkle cl` survhknncloh klCltclclcrkvd td odltkludusny csshss wcthr, sdcp cvckncbknkty, cl` wcthr

purkgkoctkdl. @ksruptkdls dg shrvkohs crh kjjh`kcthny rhpdrth` td wcthrcutmdrktkhs td jklkjksh rhspdlsh `hncys.

XLKOHG prdvk`h` gul`kle gdr rh-stcrtkle cl` odltkluctkdl dg ecrbceh odnnhotkdlkl Cltclclcrkvd, odvhrkle tmh odnnhotkdl dg 3,666 oubko jhtrhs dg wcsth, `ckny.

_kloh jk`-Ghbrucry, pcrtlhrs sthpph` up klthrvhltkdls ckjh` ct klorhcskle tmhlujbhr dg wcthr pdklts kl pddrny shrvkoh` crhcs dg tmh ocpktcn. _kloh tmhl, 53c``ktkdlcn wcthr pdklts mcvh bhhl klstcnnh`, rhcomkle 07,866 bhlhgkokcrkhs.

Kl odnncbdrctkdl wktm tmh stcth wcthr odjpcly (Ikrdsy Rcld JcncecsyQIKRCJCZ), shvhrcn klthrvhltkdls mcvh bhhl ul`hrtcahl td hlsurh odltklukty dgwcthr shrvkohs kl gkvh odjjulktkhs dg Cltclclcrkvd td rhstdrh wcthr shrvkohsbhtwhhl 27 Iclucry cl` 5 Ghbrucry.

Cntmduem thomlkocn shrvkohs ct tmh julkokpcn nhvhn odltkluh td wdra,shlsktksctkdl cl` sdcp `kstrkbutkdl ocjpckels crh `hncyh` dr susphl`h`.

Hùoctkdl _urvhknncloh dg somddn ondsurh cl` ctthl`cloh sthpph`-up.

Vrdthotkdl Csshssjhlt dg tmh kjpnkoctkdl dg tmh orksks, hsphokcnny wktm rhecr`s td hxkstklepsyomdsdokcn suppdrt ocpcoktkhs cl` trcokle klktkcth`.

Prcklkle dl omkn` rkemts cl` bcsko prdthotkdl prklokpnhs td =6 jhjbhrs dg tmhsdokcn wdrahrs prdghsskdlcn cssdokctkdl odjpnhth`.

@hpndyjhlt dg c sphokcnkst cl` dreclksctkdl dg trcklkle shsskdls td sthp-uptrcokle cotkvktkhs cl` psyomdsdokcn suppdrt gdr vkotkjs dg vkdnhloh.

XLKOHG cl` pcrtlhrs crh wdrakle tdehtmhr td c``rhss trcokle cl` gcjknyrhulkgkoctkdl cl` td hstcbnksm psyomdsdokcn suppdrt td omkn`rhl kl mdspktcns._tcahmdn`hrs hncbdrcth` ahy jhsscehs gdr `ksshjklctkdl kl Cltclclcrkvd tdshlsktksh tmh pdpunctkdl cbdut shpcrctkdl dg omkn`rhl cl` dtmhr omkn` prdthotkdlkssuhs. Cl hjhrehloy lujbhr gdr ocsh rhpdrtkle ks dphrctkdlcn.

Mhcntm J`hokls u Jdl`h (J@J) jh`kocn stcgg suppdrth` dphrctkdls kl mdspktcns cl`prdvk`h` wktm `rues cl` odlsujcbnhs (twd jh`kocn akts gdr 386 wdul`h` cl`dlh surekocn akt gdr 28 dphrctkdls). ORJ `hpndyh` stcgg cl` dg vdnulthhrs gdr

tmh trkceh, stcbknksctkdl cl` trclspdrt dg ocsucntkhs td mdspktcns, cl` prdvk`h``rues cl` jh`kocn suppnkhs (;6 strhtomhrs, 86 `rhsskle akt gdr 86 phdpnh hcom,gdur wcr-wdul`h` akts gdr 86 phdpnh). UMD cl` XLKOHG suppdrth` tmhrhspdlsh tmrduem prdvkskdl dg jh`kocn suppnkhs cl` thomlkocn suppdrt(kltrcvhldus gnuk`s, bndd` trclsguskdl cl` thstkle hqukpjhlt, twd hjhrehloyakts gdr 36,666 phrsdls x tmrhh jdltms, cl` c thlt td dlh dg tmh ocpktcns jcklmdspktcn td gcoknktcth trkceh dg ocsucntkhs).

Csshssjhlt dg cnn pubnko mhcntm gcoknktkhs kl Cltclclcrkvd dledkle, tdehtmhr wktmsthppkle up dg hpk`hjkdndekocn survhknncloh, odultrywk`h.

UMD, J@J `hpndyh` stcgg gdr tmh rhspdlsh cl` td suppdrt pncllkle clòddr`klctkdl dg cotkvktkhs.


13/47


;

Hcrny rhodvhry cl` Oddr`klctkdlOnusthr/_hotdr Rhspdlsh cotkvktkhsHcrny rhodvhry Jcklstrhcjkle dg hcrny rhodvhry prklokpnhs kltd shotdrcn rhspdlsh tmrduem tmh

hcrny rhodvhry lhtwdra. _ht-up dg twd lhw onusthrs (Gdd` _hourkty & Nkvhnkmdd`s1 Edvhrlcloh &

Iustkoh) td bhtthr k`hltkgy lhh`s cl` pncl rhspdlsh kl crhcs ldt odvhrh` byhxkstkle onusthrs.

Cppdkltjhlt dg c iurkst td clcnysh nhecn quhstkdls nklah` td tmh orksks.

@hvhndpjhlt dg c strctheko grcjhwdra cl` klktkcth` `ksousskdl wktm pcrtlhrs gdrtmh hncbdrctkdl dg cl hcrny rhodvhry cotkdl pncl.

Klthronusthr/Oddr`klctkdl

Pmh Dggkoh gdr tmh Oddr`klctkdl dg Mujclktcrkcl Cggckrs (DOMC) cl` tmh Xlkth`Lctkdls @hvhndpjhlt Vrdercjjh (XL@V)/ Burhcu dg Orksks Vrhvhltkdl cl`Rhodvhry (BOVR) `hpndyh` c``ktkdlcn stcgg td suppdrt klthr-onusthr mujclktcrkclcl` hcrny rhodvhry oddr`klctkdl, strctheko rhspdlsh pncllkle, gul`-rckskle,c`vdocoy cl` klgdrjctkdl jclcehjhlt, klonu`kle tmh stcrt-up dg c _ktuctkdlRddj.

2.2 MXJCLKPCRKCL ODL_HSXHLOH_ CL@ LHH@_ CLCN[_K_

Pd bhtthr jdlktdr tmh kjpcot dg tmhsh juntkpnh orkshs, tmh mujclktcrkcl onusthrs sthpph`-up

survhknncloh uskle hxkstkle jhomclksjs (suom cs tmh Vrkoh Bcrdjhthr, odjjulkocbnh `kshcshs cl`lutrktkdlcn survhknncloh jhomclksjs, hto.). Mdwhvhr, nkjkth` rhsdurohs cl` rhùoh` prhshloh dgpcrtlhrs kl tmh `kstrkots crh mcjphrkle klgdrjctkdl odnnhotkdl cl` tmh `hvhndpjhlt dg c odjprhmhlskvhvkhw dg tmh kjpcot dg tmh orksks. Vrhnkjklcry clcnysks dg hlmcloh` survhknncloh ks hxphoth` kl Cprkn266;. Kl tmh ocpktcn, dledkle jdlktdrkle ks cnsd ush` gdr rhspdl`kle td wcthr prdvkskdl cl` ecrbcehodnnhotkdl `ksruptkdls, cl` k`hltkgkoctkdl dg bhlhgkokcrkhs gdr juom-lhh`h` gdd` shourkty klthrvhltkdls.

Gdd` _hourkty5cl` Nkvhnkmdd`s

Xrbcl vunlhrcbknkty ùh td pdnktkocn vkdnhlohPmh UGV Gdd` _hourkty cl` Lhh`s Clcnysks kl Xrbcl Crhcsocrrkh` dut kl Ldvhjbhr 266= kl skxjcidr oktkhs

=gdul` tmct cjdle tmh pddrhst strctc

;dg tmh pdpunctkdl ?8%, hqukvcnhlt td sdjh 5=6,666

phdpnh, sugghr grdj vcrkdus `herhhs dg gdd` klshourkty. Dut dg tmhsh 5=6,666 phdpnh, 77% (832,666phdpnh1 366,666 gcjknkhs) wcs shvhrhny gdd`-klshourh cl` ?0% jd`hrcthny gdd`-klshourh. KlCltclclcrkvd, Pdnkcry, Pdcjcsklc cl` Gkclcrcltsdc, shvhrh gdd` klshourkty wcs gdul` td bh cbdvh06%, cgghotkle dvhr 076,666 phdpnh.

Vcrtlhrs hstkjcth tmct, skloh tmh bhekllkle dg tmh sdokd-pdnktkocn orksks kl Iclucry 266;, tmh lujbhr dggdd`-klshourh mdushmdn`s kl urbcl crhcs mcs klorhcsh`, cl` mcs bhhl pcrtkouncrny shvhrh klCltclclcrkvd, Pdnkcry, Pdcjcsklc cl` Gkclcrcltsdc. Klùstrkcnksts Xlkdl dg Jc`cecsocr (_KJ)kl`kocth` tmct gdnndwkle tmh 27-25 Iclucry `hstruotkdls dg odjjhrokcn dutnhts cndlh 36,666 phdpnh ndsttmhkr idb. Gdd` prkohs mcvh klorhcsh` smcrpny ct tmh hl` dg Iclucry cl` cntmduem tmhy mcvh sklohstcbknksh` tmhy rhjckl mkemhr tmcl ct tmh bhekllkle dg tmh yhcr.

36 Cs c rhsunt, wmknst gdd` ks stknn

cvckncbnh kl tmh jcrahts, prkoh klorhcshs put tmh jdst bcsko odjjd`ktkhs bhydl` tmh rhcom dg tmdsh832,666 phdpnh cnrhc`y rhpdrth` by UGVs Ldvhjbhr 266= Hjhrehloy Gdd` _hourkty Csshssjhlt

(HG_C) cs shvhrhny gdd`-klshourh.33

5Coodr kle td tmh Ldv. 266= Hjhrehloy Gdd _hourkty Csshssjhlt (HG_Cshh gddtldth 33 bhndw), kl Jc cecsocr tmh jckl kssuh ksgdd coohss k.h. gdd ks cvckncbnh but coohss td kt ks prdbnhjctko. Pmdsh oncsskgkh by tmh HG_C cs gdd -klshourh kl Jc cecsocr crh tmdshwktm ulstcbnh idbs, nkjkth coohss td cerkounturcn prd uotkdl cotkvktkhs, c mkem prdpdrtkdl dg gdd hxphlshs kl tmhkr tdtcn hxphl kturh cl ndwgdd odlsujptkdl. Pmdsh oncsskgkh cs shvhrhny gdd -klshourh mcvh cnn gdur dg tmhsh omcrcothrkstkos pnus tmhy hleceh kl kstrhss odpklestrcthekhs wktm c odrrhspdl kle lhectkvh kjpcot dl tmhkr nkvhs/nkvhnkmdd s. Pmh prhshlt pdnktkocn orksks, odjbklh wktm tmh rduemt cloyondlh cjceh, mcs tmus wdrshlh coohss td gdd tmrduem, gdr hxcjpnh, idb ndsshs dr c rh uotkdl kl hnkvhrkhs td jcrahts cl rkshs klprkohs, jhclkle cl klorhcskle lujbhr dg phdpnh crh bhkle oncssh cs gdd -klshourh cl tmus lhh kle csskstcloh.=Pmh tdtcn pdpunctkdl dg tmdsh skx oktkhs ks 2.28 jknnkdl.;Kl tmh HG_C ks hstkjcth tmct tmh pddr rhprhshlt cbdut mcng dg tmh pdpunctkdl kl tmh skx urbcl oktkhs tmct ks dlh jknnkdl phdpnh wmkom ksodlsksthlt wktm tmh pdvhrty rcth gdul kl tmh ncthst odjprhmhlskvh mdushmdn survhy by tmh Edvhrljhlt dg Jc cecsocr kl 2668.36Iust cgthr tmh stcrt dg tmh vkdnhlt hjdlstrctkdls, rcstko klorhcshs kl tmh prkohs dg jdst bcsko hsshltkcns whrh rhpdrth by tmhDbshrvctdkrh ù Rkz. _kloh tmhl, tmh prkohs mcvh bhhl prderhsskvhny horhcskle, but tmhy crh ldw stknn ct mkemhr nhvhn tmcl bhgdrh tmhulrhst9 rkoh : 8% mkemhr, oddakle dkn : 27% mkemhr, suecr : 37 % mkemhr.33HG_C tktnh kl Grhlom 9 _ktuctkdl `h nc sourkt cnkjhltckrh hl jknkhu urbckl9 clcnysh `hs bhsdkls(HG_C UGV/DLL/BLERO Ldvhjbhr266=). (Gunn HG_C doujhlt9 mttp9// doujhlts.wgp.dre/sthnnhlt/erdups/pubnko/ doujhlts/hlc/wgp3;==6=.p g.)


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Gdr tmhsh jdst vunlhrcbnh shejhlts dg tmh pdpunctkdl, cly smdoa dr orksks strhtomhs tmhkr odpklestrcthekhs td tmh nkjkts cl` dphlkle `ddrs td lhectkvh odpkle strcthekhs suom cs trclscotkdlcn shx,shxucn hxpndktctkdl cl` cbush cl` tmh cssdokcth` vunlhrcbknktkhs td MKW klghotkdl cl` ulwclth`prhelclokhs. Kl tmh cbshloh dg c odjprhmhlskvh sdokcn prdthotkdl grcjhwdra, tmh XL cl` pcrtlhrslhh` td sthp kl cl` prdvk`h hjhrehloy jhcsurhs, klonu`kle hxpclskdl dg gdd` `kstrkbutkdls cl`hlsurkle tmh hstcbnksmjhlt dg sdokcn scghty lhts td octhr gdr tmdsh erdups.

Pmh scghty lhts kjpnhjhlth` by tmh edvhrljhlt cl` omcrktcbnh trust prdercjjhs suom csedvhrljhlt-nh` OGU somhjhs, `krhot `kstrkbutkdl cl` scnh dg rkoh ct subsk`kzh` prkohs, cl` sdupaktomhls cl` urbcl somddn ghh`kle bhlhgkt cbdut 266,666 phdpnh.

32 Pmhsh klthrvhltkdls, hsshltkcn

tmduem tmhy crh, stknn nhcvh c ecp dg ct nhcst sdjh 276,666 phdpnh3?

nkvkle kl Cltclclcrkvd cl` tmrhhdtmhr jcidr urbcl crhcs Cltclclcrkvd, Pdnkcry, Pdcjcsklc, cl` Gkclcrcltsdc gdr wmdj kjjh`kcthcsskstcloh ks lhh`h` td rhùoh tmhkr vunlhrcbknkty td gdd` klshourkty.

Pmh pncllh` hxpclskdl dg Edvhrljhlt-nh`30

ncbdur-klthlskvh OGU klthrvhltkdls gul`h` by tmh Udrn`Bcla tmct smdun` mcvh tcrehth` sdjh 8=,866 mdushmdn`s (2;6,666 bhlhgkokcrkhs) mcs bhhl susphl`h`cs c rhsunt dg tmh pdnktkocn orksks cl` nkahny td bh gurtmhr `hncyh` cs shvhrcn `dldrs crh grhhzkle ldl-mujclktcrkcl ck` td Jc`cecsocr. Kl-akl` ulodl`ktkdlcn trclsghrs crh tmhrhgdrh urehlt, cs tmh dlnycnthrlctkvh sdnutkdls td octhr gdr tmhsh vunlhrcbnh erdups. _kjkncrny, tmh Jklkstry dg Hùoctkdl (JdH)

cllduloh` tmct kt pncls td rhklgdroh somddn-ghh`kle prdercjjhs kl pubnko prkjcry somddns kl tmhocpktcn td bhlhgkt sdjh 56,666 omkn`rhl crh yht td stcrt, cl` crh nkahny td bh `hncyh`. Cnthrlctkvhsdnutkdls wknn lhh` td bh gdul` td octhr gdr tmh vunlhrcbnh erdups tcrehth` by tmhsh prdihots.

Rurcn `rduemt-rhncth` vunlhrcbknktyHrrctko rcklgcnn bhtwhhl _hpthjbhr 266= cl` Iclucry 266; mc` c `hvcstctkle hgghot dl tmh @hohjbhr266= mcrvhst, rhsuntkle kl klorhcsh` gdd` klshourkty, cl` mc` c shvhrh kjpcot dl cvckncbknkty dg onhclwcthr gdr ncreh pdrtkdls dg tmh pdpunctkdl. Kl tmh crk` cl` gdd`-klshourh sdutmhrl rhekdl dg tmh odultry,`hspkth GCD cl` pcrtlhrs klthrvhltkdls td suppdrt tmh rhkltrdùotkdl dg `rduemt-rhskstclt vcrkhtkhs dgsdremuj cl` jckzh,

38tmh ncth stcrt dg tmh rckls, cl` tmhkr krrheuncrkty ct tmh dlsht dg tmh pncltkle phrkd`

kl Ldvhjbhr 266= `cjceh` ordps `hvhndpjhlt.

Cntmduem ld prhoksh gkeurhs crh cvckncbnh yht, GCD cltkokpcths tmct bhtwhhl ?6 cl` 06% dg tmh

hxphoth` ohrhcn prdùotkdl odun` cnrhc`y bh ndst. Pmh @hohjbhr mcrvhst wcs ncrehny ndst, cl` tmhgkrst mcrvhst dg 266; ks ldw hxphoth` ldt dlny td bh pddr, but cnsd `hncyh` by tmrhh jdltms ultkn Iulh266;. Uktm tmh rckly shcsdl hl`kle kl Cprkn 266;, GCD hstkjcths tmct kt wknn ldt bh pdsskbnh td rhpncltohrhcns suom cs jckzh cl` sdremuj bhgdrh Ldvhjbhr 266;. Pmhrhgdrh subsksthloh gcrjhrs gdd`shourkty wknn cnjdst hltkrhny `hphl` dl mdrtkounturh prdùotkdl, kl crhcs wmhrh wcthr ks cvckncbnh, cl`clkjcn musbcl`ry, c prkjcry sduroh dg nkvhnkmdd` gdr tmh sdutmhrl pdpunctkdl ùrkle tmh nhcl shcsdl,wmkom tmks yhcr wknn sht kl qukth rcpk`ny cgthr c pddr mcrvhst kl Iulh

Pmh hxkstkle hcrny wcrlkle systhj kl`kocth` tmct gdd`-klshourh julkokpcnktkhs klorhcsh` grdj 36 (Cprkn266= _CV bunnhtkl) td ?3 (@hohjbhr _CV bunnhtkl). Kl Iclucry 266;, c idklt Edvhrljhlt-XLKOHG-UGV jksskdl odlgkrjh` tmh _CV gdrhocst cl` kl`kocth` tmct cntmduem ld couth lutrktkdlcn orksks wcsyht hvk`hlt, kl`koctdrs wdun` `hthrkdrcth rcpk`ny kg ld kjjh`kcth jhcsurhs whrh tcahl. _kloh kt kshstkjcth` tmct sdjh ?=3,666 phdpnh crh ldw gdd`-klshourh kl tmh sdutm, 06% dg tmhsh (386,666

phrsdls) crh kl kjjh`kcth lhh` dg gdd` csskstcloh. Pmks shejhlt dg tmh pdpunctkdl, wmdsh odpklejhomclksjs crh cnrhc`y hrd`h`, mcs nkjkth` cnthrlctkvhs td coohss gdd` td gknn lutrktkdlcn ecps. Pmhsdokd-pdnktkocn orksks `kvhrth` td sdjh hxthlt, ctthltkdl td tmh nddjkle orksks kl tmh sdutm cl`, smdun`klstcbknkty odltkluh, kt odun` cgghot tmh ocpcokty dg edvhrljhlt cl` pcrtlhrs td `hnkvhr cl c`hqucth cl`tkjhny hjhrehloy rhspdlsh.

32Cntmduem prhoksh qucltktkhs dg gdd kstrkbuth cl hxcot tcrehtkle orkthrkc crh stknn kggkount td `hthrjklh, bhlhgkokcrkhs dg dledkle scghtylhts klthrvhltkdls crh hstkjcth ct 266,666 phdpnh, cnn cotkvktkhs odjbklh , cs gdnndws9 =8,666 phdpnh pcrtkokpctkle kl ncbdur-klthlskvh OGUsomhjh kjpnhjhlth by tmh DLL, 78,666 pupkns cssksth tmrduem urbcl somddn ghh kle cl sdjh 86,666 phdpnh rhohkvkle sdjh gdrj dgkrhot suppdrt kl tmh pddrhst gdadltcly, hktmhr by ndocn c jklkstrctkdl dr gcktm-bcsh omcrkty erdups.

3?Pmh tdtcn shvhrhny gdd -klshourh pdpunctkdl dg tmh gdur tcrehth oktkhs ks 073,075. Gncsm Cpphcn ocshndc ks tmhrhgdrh ocnouncth cs tmhkgghrhloh bhtwhhl tmks lujbhr cl tmh hstkjcth pdpunctkdl cnrhc y bhhl tcahl ocrh dg by dtmhr klthrvhltkdls cs rhghrrh td kl gddtldth

32, wmkom ekvhs 273,0751 tmh gkeurh wcs rdul h up td 276,666.30

Hggdrt nh by tmh DLL.38Cs pcrt dg c odlohrth hggdrt by Jklkstry dg Cerkounturh (JdC), X_ Cehloy gdr Klthrlctkdlcn @hvhndpjhlt (X_CK@), DG@C, GCD cl LEDpcrtlhrs, kl Dotdbhr/Ldvhjbhr, ct tmh bhekllkle dg tmh jckl cerkounturcn shcsdl 266=/6;, sdjh 26,666 vunlhrcbnh mdushmdn s rhohkvhcbdut 266 JPs dg ohrhcns cl punshs shh s. Pmks ks tmh shodl yhcr dg shh kstrkbutkdl cgthr tmh shvhrh rduemt dg 2667/2665, wmkom wcscnsd odjbklh wktm ndocn shh juntkpnkoctkdl.


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Kl tmh `rduemt-cgghoth` sdutm, tmh Gcst Prcoa Klktkctkvh - Octcnytko Gul`s prdercjjh ($2.8 jknnkdl)suppdrts somddn-ghh`kle kl 733 somddns (;6,666 stu`hlts). Pmh JdHs tmrhh-yhcr pncl klonu`h` tmhhxpclskdl dg tmh prdihot td odvhr 886 c``ktkdlcn somddns (76,666 stu`hlts, $3.8 jknnkdl/yhcr). UGVsuppdrts cl c``ktkdlcn 252 oclthhls (56,666 stu`hlts, $2 jknnkdl/yhcr). Pmh klthltkdl dg tmh lhw JdHtd sorcp tmh hùoctkdl rhgdrj put tmhsh klktkctkvhs ct rksa dg bhkle susphl`h` dr oclohnnh` `krhotnycgghotkle 386,666 omkn`rhl. _mdun` tmh pcrtlhrsmkp bhtwhhl UGV cl` tmh JdH bh quhstkdlh`, clc``ktkdlcn 56,666 stu`hlts wknn rksa ndskle tmhkr `ckny somddn jhcn. Cs somddn oclthhls crhkjpnhjhlth` kl `kstrkots wmhrh gdd` klshourkty mcs c `htrkjhltcn hgghot dl hùoctkdl kl`koctdrs, tmh rksatd omkn`rhl's hùoctkdl ks odlsk`hrcbnh.

Hlvkrdljhlt cl` hlhreyJdst dg tmh rurcn mdushmdn`s cl` crdul` ;8% dg tmh urbcl gcjknkhs ush omcrodcn cl` wdd` gdr oddaklecl` mhctkle purpdshs (Jklkstry dg Hlvkrdljhlt QJklkstrh `h nHlvkrdllhjhlt ht `hs Hcux ht GdrtsZJHHG, 2660). Pmks mcs cl dbvkdus kjpcot dl `herc`ctkdl dg tmh hlvkrdljhlt. Cs c wmdnh, gkrhwdd`wcs rhspdlskbnh gdr tmh ndss dg ;,627 jknnkdl oubko jhtrhs cl` omcrodcn gdr =.8= jknnkdl oubko jhtrhs dgwdd` kl 2668 (X_CK@, 2665). Omcrodcn prdùotkdl ks dlh dg tmh ghw pdsskbknktkhs dg klodjh gdr tmhdlhs wmd ndst tmhkr idbs. Kt ks tmhrhgdrh nkahny tmct cs c `krhot odlshquhloh dg tmh orksks, wddòdnnhotkdl mcvh klorhcsh`.

Ncw hlgdrohjhlt mcs bhhl `ksrupth` by tmh orksks, cl` pcrtlhrs hstkjcth tmct ncoa dg dvhrskemt mcsrhsunth` kl c rhsurehloh dg knnhecn ndeekle gdr prhokdus wdd` kl prdthoth` crhcs. Ncreh cjdults dgmcr`wdd` kl tmh _cvc rhekdl mcvh bhhl cnnheh`ny mcrvhsth` cl` hxpdrth` kl rhohlt whhas. Vcrtlhrscrh `ksousskle jhcls td csshss tmh hgghots dg tmh orksks dl tmh shotdr, tdehtmhr wktm odltrdn cotkvktkhscrdul` prdthoth` crhcs.

Lutrktkdl

Xrbcl vunlhrcbknkty rhncth` td pdnktkocn vkdnhlohKl tmh ncst qucrthr dg 266=, DLL/ JdM/XLKOHG ocrrkh` dut cl cltmrdpdjhtrko lutrktkdl survhy tdhstcbnksm bcshnklh `ctc kl vunlhrcbnh crhcs wktmkl gkvh jcidr tdwls (Cltclclcrkvd, Pdcjcsklc,Gkclcrcltsdc, Pdnkcry cl` Jcmciclec). Pmh rhsunts, hvhl bhgdrh tmh pdnktkocn orksks bhecl, whrh dgodlohrl9 Endbcn Couth Jcnlutrktkdl (ECJ)

37prhvcnhloh wcs bhtwhhl gkvh cl` 36% kl gdur dg tmh tdwls,

wktm tmh hxohptkdl dg Pdnkcry, wmhrh kt wcs ndwhr tmcl 8%. _tultkle

35

wcs cbdvh 86% kl Cltclclcrkvd(82.=%) cl` Gkclcrcltsdc (86.5%)1 cl` ndwhr kl Pdcjcsklc (?8.?%) cl` Pdnkcry (2;.?%)3=

. Kl tmksgrceknh odlthxt, jkldr smdoas ocl trkeehr c rcpk` `hthrkdrctkdl dg lutrktkdlcn kl`koctdrs tdwcr`shjhrehloy tmrhsmdn`s. Pmh lutrktkdlcn sktuctkdl kl Cltclclcrkvd cl` Gkclcrcltsdc ks dg pcrtkouncrodlohrl.

Pmh Ldvhjbhr 266= urbcl csshssjhlt ocrrkh` dut by UGV cnsd odlgkrjh` wdrrksdjh nhvhns dg bdtmgdd` klshourkty cl` ocshs dg jcnlutrktkdl kl urbcl crhcs. Pmh Ldvhjbhr 266= UGV HG_C ocrrkh` dutkl tmh tdwls dg Cltclclcrkvd, Pdcjcsklc, Gkclcrcltsdc, Pdnkcry, Jcmciclec cl` Cltskrclclc gdul`tmct 32.8% dg omkn`rhl ceh` bhtwhhl skx jdltms cl` gkvh yhcrs wktmkl gdd`-klshourh mdushmdn`s whrhct rksa dg jcnlutrktkdl

3;. Pmh survhy `hpkoth` cl hxtrhjhny kjbcncloh` gdd` bcsaht gdr tmh jdst

vunlhrcbnh, wktm vhry ndw prdthkl odlthlt cl` mkem qucltktkhs dg hjpty suecr ocndrkhs.

XLKOHG cl` tmh DLL mcvh hstcbnksmh` 38 shltklhn skths kl urbcl crhcs odvhrh` by tmh 266= lutrktkdlsurvhy td jdlktdr tmh lutrktkdlcn sktuctkdl dg tmh pdpunctkdl, cl` td ocrry dut c rhtrdsphotkvh clcnysks dgsdokd-hodldjko kl`koctdrs tmct ocl mcvh cl kjpcot dl omkn`rhls lutrktkdlcn stctus. Vrhnkjklcryclcnysks dg `ctc, wmkom odvhrs tmh Ldvhjbhr-Ghbrucry phrkd` gdr tmh ncst tmrhh yhcrs, `dhs ldtkl`kocth cs yht cly skelkgkoclt omclehs kl jcnlutrktkdl trhl`s. Mdwhvhr, tmh kjpcot dg tmh endbcnklorhcsh kl gdd` prkohs, tmh wdrn` hodldjko orksks cl` tmh pdnktkocn stcnhjcth, rhsuntkle kl rhùoh`coohss td lutrktkdus gdd`, ks hxphoth` td stcrt mcvkle c ldtkohcbnh kjpcot dl lutrktkdlcn kl`koctdrs grdjJcrom 266; dlwcr`s. Ourrhlt hstkjcths kl`kocth tmct up td ?,266 omkn`rhl ul`hr-gkvh kl vunlhrcbnhurbcl crhcs crh nkahny td bh cgghoth` by shvhrh jcnlutrktkdl cl` sdjh 3,266 dg tmhsh omkn`rhl odun` `kh

37 UMD Orksks oncsskgkoctkdl uskle rcths dg ECJ9 UMD, 266?, Pmh Jclcehjhlt dg Lutrktkdl kl Jcidr Hjhrehlokhs Rcths9 >8%

coohptcbnh1 8-;% pddr1 36-30 shrkdus1 :


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(326 omkn`rhl) ulnhss c`hqucth jh`kocn cl` lutrktkdlcn ocrh ks prdvk`h`26

. Pd rhùoh tmh rksa dg tmhjdst vunlhrcbnh omkn`rhl bhtwhhl skx cl` ?7 jdltms (255,866 kl tmh gkvh cbdvh-jhltkdlh` urbclcrhcs) td gcnn kltd tmhsh octhedrkhs, tmks erdup smdun` rhohkvh c suppnhjhltcry rctkdl dg Vnujpy`dz.

Rurcn `rduemt-rhncth` vunlhrcbknktyKl tmh `rduemt-prdlh sdutm, cntmduem cs dg jk`-Iclucry tmhrh mc` ldt yht bhhl cl kl`koctkdl dg c gunn-socnh lutrktkdlcn orksks, c idklt XLKOHG/JdM/UGV/DLL jksskdl kl`kocth` tmh lhh` gdr kjjh`kcthklthrvhltkdl td cvdk` c gurtmhr `hthrkdrctkdl dg tmh prhocrkdus lutrktkdlcn stctus dg tmh pdpunctkdl,klonu`kle csskstcloh td 38?,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr-gkvh. Kl ldrjcn yhcrs, rdutklh `ctc prdvk`h` by tmhLctkdlcn Erdwtm _urvhknncloh _kths (Vrdercjjh Lctkdlcn `h Lutrktkdl Odjjulcutckrh QVLLOZ),kl`kocth c shcsdlcn whkemt `hthrkdrctkdl bhtwhhl @hohjbhr cl` Iclucry dg crdul` 8% gdr omkn`rhlceh` bhtwhhl 6 cl` 8; jdltms. Cntmduem `ctc crh ldt yht cvckncbnh gdr tmks yhcr, tmh hxohptkdlcnnyndle nhcl shcsdl jcy ocush c wdrshlkle dg tmks kl`koctdr, tdehtmhr wktm wcstkle cl` stultkleklok`hloh.

C XLKOHG-nh` c``ktkdlcn _JCRP survhy td csshss ECJ cl` jdrtcnkty rcths kl tmh twd `rduemt-cgghoth` rhekdls ks dledkle. Dlny wmhl gkl`kles bhodjh cvckncbnh (by jk`-Cprkn) wknn tmh jcelktu`h dgtmh prdbnhj bh hltkrhny ul`hrstdd`. Cvckncbnh hstkjcths kl`kocth tmct crdul` 3,666 omkn`rhl crhcnrhc`y cgghoth` by shvhrh jcnlutrktkdl cl` ;,666

23 by jd`hrcth jcnlutrktkdl, wktm tmh lujbhr dg

shvhrhny jcnldurksmh` c`jktth` gdr trhctjhlt kl mhcntm ohltrhs klorhcsh` `rcjctkocnny kl Iclucry cl`

Ghbrucry 266; kl odjpcrksdl td tmh scjh jdltms kl 266=.

22

Kt ks hstkjcth` tmct 36% cjdle tmhshvhrhny jcnldurksmh` omkn`rhl crh ct rksa td `hvhndp c odlourrhlt mhcntm odjpnkoctkdl cl` wknn rhqukrhc`jksskdl ct rhghrrcn mdspktcns

2?.

Kl Ghbrucry 266;, UGV stcrth` c twd-jdltm prhvhltctkvh bnclaht ghh`kle gdr omkn`rhl ul`hr-twd cl`VNU, but, ùh td ncoa dg rhsdurohs, dlny 37,666 omkn`rhl cl` VNU kl 33 odjjulktkhs odun` bhrhcomh`, nhcvkle tmh lhh`s dg sdjh ?6,666 ulctthl`h`. Jdrhdvhr, UGV cl` pcrtlhrs OCRH cl`C@RC cnrhc`y socnh`-up cl` hxthl`h` ehdercpmkocn odvhrceh dg GGU cotkvktkhs gdr 26,666 phrsdls(bhlhgktkle kl`krhotny 366,666 gcjkny jhjbhrs)

20, stknn gcnnkle smdrt dg cbdut 36,666 mdushmdn`s (86,666

phdpnh) kl lklh odjjulhs kl tmh jdst sdutm whsthrl crhcs, ùh td ncoa dg gul`kle.

Ucthr, _clktctkdl cl` Myekhlh

Coohss td scgh `rklakle wcthr ks orktkocn kl Jc`cecsocr. Dlny ?7% dg tmh pdpunctkdl kl rurcn cl` 57%kl urbcl crhcs mcvh coohss td kjprdvh` wcthr sdurohs. _djh 3=% dg tmh urbcl cl` 36% dg tmh rurcnpdpunctkdl ush cpprdprkcth sclktctkdl gcoknktkhs, cl` ùh td c ncoa dg cnthrlctkvhs cl` nkjkth` aldwnhèhdg pdsskbnh rksas, ?5% dg tmh pdpunctkdl stknn prcotkoh dphl `hgchoctkdl.

28 Kl Cltclclcrkvd, kt ks

hstkjcth` tmct ?7% dg gcjknkhs27

`hgchocth kl pdts dvhrlkemt cl` hxphn tmh odlthlt kltd ecrbcehodltcklhrs kl tmh jdrlkle.

Xrbcl vunlhrcbknkty rhncth` td pdnktkocn-vkdnhlohXrbcl crhcs crh tmh jdst cgghoth` by tmh sdokd-pdnktkocn orksks. Gdr UC_M pcrtlhrs, dg pcrtkouncrodlohrl crh tmh tdwls dg Cltclclcrkvd, Pdnkcry, Pdcjcsklc, Jcmciclec cl` Gkclcrcltsdc, wmhrh kt kshstkjcth` tmct ct nhcst 566,666

phrsdls (306,666 gcjknkhs), klonu`kle 366,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr- gkvh,

mcvh bhhl shvhrhny cgghoth` by tmh `ksruptkdl dg wcthr cl` sclktctkdl shrvkohs, wmkom kl turl ks mcvkle

shrkdus rhphrousskdls dl tmh myekhlh odl`ktkdls dg tmhsh pdpunctkdls.

_kloh tmh stcrt dg tmh sdokd-pdnktkocn orksks, tmh julkokpcnkty wcsth odnnhotkdl systhj dg tmh cbdvh-jhltkdlh` oktkhs mcs bhhl dphrctkle ct c erhctny rhùoh` ocpcokty, nhcvkle 566,666 phdpnh wktmdutc`hqucth sclktctkdl, cl` orhctkle ehlhrcnny ulmyekhlko odl`ktkdls. C``ktkdlcnny, kl Cltclclcrkvd,bhocush dg tmh bcl kl dreclkskle pubnko ectmhrkles, cotkvktkhs suom cs sdcp `kstrkbutkdl cl` myekhlhprdjdtkdl cotkvktkhs, tcrehtkle =8,666 phdpnh, mcvh bhhl put dl mdn`. Gurtmhrjdrh, tmh `hthrkdrctkle

26Coodr kle td UMD cltmrdpdjhtrko stcl cr s (2668).23Hstkjctkle c 32% ECJ prhvcnhloh kl gdd -klshourh odjjulktkhs.22Kl Cl rdy rhekdl, tmhrh whrh 77 c jksskdls kl 266= odjpcrh td 323 kl 266;, cl kl Cldsy rhekdl tmhrh whrh 0= c jksskdls kl 266=

odjpcrh td 256 kl 266;.2?Cntmduem cl hxcot hstkjctkdl wknn bh cvckncbnh dlny cgthr tmh _JCRP survhy, pcrtlhrs cerhh td odlsk hr c wdrakle gkeurh dg 866 omkn rhl.20Hcom pcrtkokpclt wknn rhohkvh c gcjkny rctkdl bcsh dl cl cvhrceh gcjkny skzh dg gkvh phrsdls.28XLKOHG-UMD Idklt Jdlktdrkle Vrdercjjh, 266=27_duroh9 Cltclclcrkvd Julkokpcn Myekhlh Burhcu, 2667.


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3?

stctus dg tmh mdushmdn` hodldjkhs dg sdjh 86,666 phdpnh kl pddr odjjulktkhs dg tmh ocpktcn mcsrhsunth` kl rhùoh` cbknkty td puromcsh scgh `rklakle wcthr cl` dtmhr myekhlh jcthrkcns.

Rurcn `rduemt-rhncth` vunlhrcbknktyVddr rcklgcnn kl tmh sdutm, pcrtkouncrny kl tmh rhekdls dg Cldsy cl` Cl`rdy, kl ncth 266= cl` hcrny 266;ks gdrokle tmh pdpunctkdl td ush stcelclt, ultrhcth` wcthr gdr tmhkr odlsujptkdl. Kt ks hstkjcth` tmct76,666 phdpnh kl tmh sdutm mcvh ld coohss td pdtcbnh wcthr. Pmks mcs c `krhot kjpcot dl tmhkr mhcntmodl`ktkdls. UC_M pcrtlhrs kl`kocth tmct skloh Ghbrucry 266;, tmh klok`hloh dg wcthr-bdrlh `kshcshsmcs klorhcsh` by gkvh phrohlt kl `rduemt-cgghoth` rhekdls. Gurtmhrjdrh, tmh pdnktkocn orksks mcsmcjphrh` hjhrehloy rhspdlsh kl tmh sdutm. Cs cl hxcjpnh, tmh pncllh` rhmcbknktctkdl dg bdrhmdnhsmcs bhhl `hncyh` cs trclspdrthrs rhgush` td trcvhn ùh td klorhcsh` shourkty odlohrls.

Hùoctkdl

Xrbcl vunlhrcbknkty rhncth` td pdnktkocn-vkdnhlohPmh hùoctkdl shotdr mcs sugghrh` grdj tmh kjpcot dg tmh pdnktkocn orksks, wktm stu`hlts cgghoth` by`krhot tmrhcts cl` cnsd by prdndleh` klthrruptkdls td somddnkle. Bhtwhhl tmh stcrt dg tmh pdnktkocn orkskskl ncth Iclucry cl` 35 Jcrom 266;, somddns ondsh` spdrc`kocnny ct `kgghrhlt tkjhs cgghotkle jdrh tmcl337,666 stu`hlts, odultrywk`h. _djh somddns kl tmh wdrst cgghoth` pcrts dg Cltclclcrkvd ondsh` gdr

cs ndle cs 26 `cys kl Ghbrucry cl` hcrny Jcrom. Hvhl wmhl somddns whrh dphl, cbshlthhksj wcs csmkem cs 76%. Kl dtmhr crhcs, ondsurhs whrh nhss shvhrh (twd td gkvh `cys) cl` cbshlthhksj rcleh`bhtwhhl gkvh cl` ?6%, `hphl`kle dl tmh prdxkjkty td ndoctkdls cgghoth` by vkdnhloh cl` ulrhst. Cs crhsunt, jcly stu`hlts wknn rhqukrh octom-up odurshs td bh cbnh td odjpnhth tmh somddn yhcr.

Kl Cltclclcrkvd, tmhrh whrh rhpdrts dg tmrhcts jc`h cecklst somddns tmct rhjcklh` dphl ùrkle tmhorksks cl` tmh mcrcssjhlt dg thcomhrs cl` stu`hlts. @hjdlstrctdrs gdroh` hltry td ct nhcst dlh ndwhrshodl`cry somddn cl` ctthjpth` td `d sd dl shvhrcn doocskdls. Jcly stu`hlts mcvh bhhl hxpdsh`td thcrecs cl`/dr wktlhssh` odlgrdltctkdls bhtwhhl jknktcry cl` prdthsthrs dl tmhkr wcy td dr grdjsomddn dr kl tmhkr lhkembdurmdd`s. Hvhl kl somddns ldt `krhotny cgghoth` by vkdnhloh, tmhrh whrhrhpdrts dg wk`hsprhc` ghcr cjdle stu`hlts, pcrhlts cl` thcomhrs cbdut tmhkr dwl pmyskocn scghty. Csc rhsunt, psyomdsdokcn suppdrt lhh`s td bh prdvk`h` td cgghoth` omkn`rhl, gcjknkhs cl` stcgg kl ct nhcst=0 somddns kl Cltclclcrkvd cl` cgghoth` rhekdls. XLKOHG cl` kts prdthotkdl pcrtlhrs trcklh` 32 sdokcn

wdrahrs td prdvk`h erdup tmhrcpy td omkn`rhl cl` cùnts kl tmhsh somddns, cl` td rhghr jdrh shrkdusocshs td qucnkgkh` hxphrts (shh Vrdthotkdl shotkdl).

JdH stcgg odltkluh` td wdra, cnbhkt ct c sndwhr pcoh, ultkn tmh omcleh dg Jklkstry nhc`hrsmkp dl 3;Jcrom 266;. Dl tmks `cth, tmh lhw Jklkstry nhc`hrsmkp cllduloh` tmct tmh hùoctkdl rhgdrj dutnklh`kl tmh Hùoctkdl gdr Cnn (HGC) pncl wdun` bh cbcl`dlh`. Pmh pncl mc` bhhl hl`drsh` by pcrtlhrs klGhbrucry 266= cl` gdrjh` tmh bcsks gdr tmh cnndoctkdl dg $=8.3 jknnkdl kl Gcst Prcoa Klktkctkvh OctcnytkoGul`s (GPK) gdr 266;-2633.

25 Cs kl`kocth` kl tmh gdd` shourkty cl` nkvhnkmdd` shotkdl, GPK gul`kle gdr

UGV td suppdrt 733 somddn oclthhls kl sdutmhrl rhekdls wmhrh gdd` klshourkty mcs c `htrkjhltcnhgghot dl somddn hlrdnjhlt cl` odjpnhtkdl ks klonu`h` kl tmks cnndoctkdl, cl` tmhrhgdrh cnsd ct rksa.Uktm shvhrcn ahy hùoctkdl pcrtlhrs cnsd grhhzkle bkncthrcn gul`kle, tmh ehlhrcn prderhss dg shotdr`hvhndpjhlt pncls ks ulohrtckl, cl` odlohrl hxkst cbdut tmh lhw Edvhrljhlts ocpcokty td jdbknkshcl` cnndocth rhsdurohs (h.e. tmh pcyjhlt dg thcomhr scncrkhs).

Pmh hodldjko hgghots dg Jc`cecsocrs orkshs crh hxphoth` td rhsunt kl tmh klorhcsh` wktm`rcwcn dgurbcl omkn`rhl grdj somddnkle. Pmh Hùoctkdl Onusthr ks wdrakle ondshny wktm tmh Vrdthotkdl-UdrakleErdup td ocrry dut cl csshssjhlt dg tmh kjpcot dg tmh ulrhst dl tmh hùoctkdl shotdr kl tmh ocpktcn,klonu`kle klgdrjctkdl dl ctthl`cloh cl` `rdpdut nhvhns. Coodr`kle td prhnkjklcry csshssjhlt, gkvhphrohlt dg c scjpnh dg vunlhrcbnh prkjcry somddn stu`hlts grdj tmh pddrhst lhkembdurmdd`s dgCltclclcrkvd mcs cnrhc`y `rdpph` dut dg somddn kl rhohlt whhas. Vddr ctthl`cloh (76% cbshlthhksjkl sdjh urbcl somddns) cl` gurtmhr `ksruptkdls kl tmh shotdr crh cnsd nkahny td klorhcsh tmh rksa dgerc`h/nhvhn rhphtktkdl (cnrhc`y 26% bhgdrh tmh orksks).

Oyondlhs cl` gndd`-rhncth` vunlhrcbknktkhs@cjceh td klgrcstruoturhs gdnndwkle oyondlhs Hrko cl` Gclhnh kl Iclucry 266; crh bhkle rhvksh``dwlwcr`s gdnndwkle csshssjhlts, wmkom whrh `hncyh` by tmh pdnktkocn orksks. C tdtcn dg 7? thjpdrcry

struoturhs crh bhkle hrhoth` kl tmh Jhlcbh rhekdl tmrduem tmh Hùoctkdl Onusthrs hggdrts, but tmhshwknn lhh` td bh rhpncoh` by phrjclhlt struoturhs kl tmh ndlehr-thrj. Pmh gul`kle gdr rhodlstruotkdl

25Juntk- dldr gul , jclceh by tmh Udrn Bcla.


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dvhr tmh pcst ghw yhcrs mcs bhhl jklkjcn odjpcrh` td tmh hxthlt dg tmh `cjcehs, cl` wktm klorhcskleodlstruotkdl odsts, ndss dg `dldr gul`kle ùh td tmh pdnktkocn orksks, cl` c ehlhrcn smdrtceh dg somddnskl tmh odultry, kt ks `kggkount td shh c smdrt-thrj sdnutkdl td tmks prdbnhj. _clktctkdl kl hùoctkdlgcoknktkhs ks cnsd vhry nkjkth` cl` lhh`s td bh kjprdvh`.

Kl `rduemt-cgghoth` crhcs, lutrktkdl kl somddn suppdrt lhh`s td bh hvcnucth`, kl oddr`klctkdl wktm tmhGdd` _hourkty cl` Lutrktkdl onusthr cl` c odltrkbutkdl td somddn-ghh`kle jc`h, kg lhohsscry.

Mhcntm

Xrbcl vunlhrcbknkty rhncth` td pdnktkocn-vkdnhlohGrdj ncth Iclucry, wmhl tmh pdnktkocn ulrhst stcrth`, td 35 Jcrom 266;, dggkokcn `ctc kl`kocths tmctvkdnhloh rhsunth` kl 3,308 ocsucntkhs (klonu`kle 0?6 shvhrhny kliurh` ocshs cl` 3=8 gctcnktkhs)odultrywk`h. Mdspktcns, suppdrth` wktm stcgg cl` jcthrkcns by klthrlctkdlcn cl` ndocn dreclksctkdls,mcvh bhhl cbnh td odph wktm tmh klgnux, cntmduem dvhrordw`kle dg sdjh gcoknktkhs `k` doour, cl` tmhsu``hl klorhcsh kl tmh ocshndc` dg tmh vkotkjs dg vkdnhloh jhclt tmct ldl-ocsucnty-rhncth` ocrh wcs`ksrupth`, klonu`kle gdr dtmhr hjhrehloy ocshs, suom cs odjpnkocth` bkrtms. Pmh rhghrrcn dg vkotkjs,hsphokcnny ùrkle ourghw mdurs, wcs `kggkount cs hjhrehloy shrvkohs `k` ldt dphrcth ùrkle ourghws,cl` tmh lujbhr dg cjbunclohs lctkdlwk`h ks nkjkth`.

Klstcbknkty ks nkahny td odltkluh, cl` kg tmh nhvhn dg vkdnhloh dbshrvh` kl tmh ncst twd jdltms ksjckltcklh` pcrtlhrs hstkjcth tmct up td 3,666 ocsucntkhs, klonu`kle ?86 shvhrh ocshs wknn lhh`kjjh`kcth trhctjhlt dvhr tmh lhxt tmrhh jdltms, puttkle nkjkth` rhsdurohs mujcl cl` jcthrkcn,klonu`kle rhghrrcn shrvkohs ul`hr shvhrh strckl. Ct prhshlt, tmhrh crh shvhl rhghrhloh rhekdlcnmdspktcns wktm dphrctkdlcn bndd` bclas (twd kl Cltclclcrkvd, cl` gkvh kl tmh prdvklokcn ocpktcns)hqukpph` td trhct ocsucntkhs. Cvckncbknkty dg `rues, jh`kocn hqukpjhlt cl` jcthrkcns, cl` mujclrhsdurohs ocpcoktkhs klonu`kle gdr rhmcbknktctkdl, drtmdpch`ko nkjbs cl` tmh psyomdndekocn ocrh dgvkotkjs ks klsuggkokhlt td octhr gdr hxphoth` lhh`s.

C survhy by tmh Mhcntm Onusthr jhjbhrs kl odnncbdrctkdl wktm JdM ks dledkle td csshss tmh kjpcot dgtmh orksks dl tmh pdpunctkdls coohss td mhcntmocrh ldw prdvk`h` dl c odst-rhodvhry bcsks kl urbclcrhcs. Pmks klonu`hs dphrctkdlcn ocpcoktkhs td rhspdl` td cl klorhcsh` lujbhr dg pctkhlts, cl` tmh

hpk`hjkdndekocn kjpcot dg tmh orksks. Vrhnkjklcry gkl`kles kl`kocth tmct tmh hodldjko kjpcot dg tmhorksks mcs cnrhc`y cgghoth` coohss td mhcntmocrh gdr vunlhrcbnh gcjknkhs, hsphokcnny gdr tmh 832,666k`hltkgkh` kl tmh pcst cs gdd`-klshourh. JdM kl`kocths tmct up td =6% dg tmh bcsko mhcntm ohltrhswdrah` dlny pcrt-tkjh ùrkle tmh sdokcn ulrhst. Cs dg Jcrom 266;, dutpctkhlt ocrh kl pubnko mhcntmgcoknktkhs mcs klorhcsh` grdj ?6% prkdr td tmh orksks td 76% cgthr.

Pmks mcs c `krhot kjpcot dl wdrandc` cl` cgghots prdvkskdl dg qucnkty mhcntmocrh. Pmh pdnktkocn orksksodklok`h` wktm tmh hl`hjko-hpk`hjko `kshcsh trclsjksskdl shcsdl (jcncrkc, `kcrrmdhc, couthrhspkrctdry klghotkdls, hto.). @horhcsh` ocpcoktkhs cl` klorhcsh` prhssurh dl tmh mhcntmocrh systhjklorhcsh tmh rksa dg dutbrhcas gdr tmh pdpunctkdl cl` `horhcsh tmh qucnkty dg shrvkohs, klonu`klejcthrlcn ocrh, cnrhc`y whca bhgdrh tmh orksks. Dg sphokcn odlohrl crh tmh hkemt urbcl crhcs dgCltclclcrkvd, Cltskrclclc, Jcmciclec, Pdcjcsklc, Gkclcrcltsdc, Pdnycrc, Cltskrcbh cl` Jclcocr(tdtcn pdpunctkdl cpprdxkjcthny 2.8 jknnkdl, klonu`kle 088,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr gkvh cl` 33?,666 prhelclt

cl` ncotctkle wdjhl QVNUZ), wmhrh, skloh tmh stcrt dg tmh orksks, `hjdlstrctkdls, vkdnhloh cl``ksruptkdl dg shrvkohs doourrh`.

Vcrtlhrs gdrhocst tmct, smdun` klstcbknkty ncsts gdr jdrh tmcl tmrhh jdltms, jdrbk`kty cl` jdrtcnkty rcthswknn stcrt td klorhcsh, tdehtmhr wktm tmh rksa dg rhsurehloh dg odjjulkocbnh `kshcshs, cl` dg `hnkvhrkhsdutsk`h sphokcnksh` struoturhs dgthl wktmdut qucnkgkh` csskstcloh cl` kl quhstkdlcbnh myekhlkoodl`ktkdls - hsphokcnny cjdlest tmh jdst vunlhrcbnh.

JdM ocpcoktkhs crh nkahny td bh gurtmhr cgghoth` by tmh susphlskdl dg `krhot buèhtcry suppdrt byklthrlctkdlcn pcrtlhrs, wmkom odun` rhsunt kl `hncyh` pcyjhlt dg scncrkhs, stcgg cbshlthhksj, rhùoh`cvckncbknkty dg jh`kocn suppnkhs, `horhcsh` kjjulksctkdl cl` mhcntmocrh shrvkoh prdvkskdl, hsphokcnnykl rurcn crhcs, cl` pdsskbny susphlskdl dg tmh pdnkoy dg grhh ocrh td vunlhrcbnh phdpnh, ldw odvhrkledlh phrohlt dg tmh pdpunctkdl (266,666 kl`kvkùcns), odultrywk`h.

@rduemt-cgghoth` crhcsKl tmh twd rhekdls cgghoth` by tmh `rduemt, coohss td mhcntm shrvkohs ks c jcidr odlohrl, cs dvhr 76%dg tmh pdpunctkdl nkvhs bhydl` 8aj grdj c mhcntm ohltrh. Gurtmhrjdrh, mujcl rhsdurohs cl` suppny


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dg `rues crh pddr, cs tmh JdM mcs ldt bhhl cbnh td `rcw c odjprhmhlskvh pncl td suppdrt tmh crhccl` jdbknkzh klthrlcn gul`kle, coodr`kleny. Vcrtlhrs crh odlohrlh` cs cly `ksruptkdl kl `ruesprdourhjhlt cl` `kspctom wdun` mcvh c shvhrh kjpcot dl tmh cnrhc`y prhocrkdus mhcntm sktuctkdl kltmh crhc, gdr cl hstkjcth` pdpunctkdl dg =?6,666 phdpnh (klonu`kle 30;,066 omkn`rhl ul`hr-gkvh cl`03,866 VNU). _kjkncrny, `hncys kl pcyjhlt dg scncrkhs wdun` gurtmhr `ksodurceh prhshloh dg stcgg ctmhcntm gcoknktkhs.

_mhnthr cl` Klgrcstruoturh

Pmh sdokd-pdnktkocn orksks `k` ldt mcvh cly jcidr kjpcot dl tmh shotdr. Mdwhvhr, smdun` tmh klstcbknktyodltkluh, cl` tmh cssdokcth` hodldjko odlshquhlohs `hhphl, vunlhrcbnh gcjknkhs nkvkle kl urbclcrhcs odun` stcrt c`dptkle lhectkvh odpkle strcthekhs suom cs scnhs dg csshts (h.e. oddakle jcthrkcns,hto.) wmkom kl turl wdun` ocush c smcrp `hthrkdrctkdl kl tmhkr nkvkle odl`ktkdls.

Cs dg ; Jcrom, sdjh =66 phdpnh nhgt wktmdut smhnthr by tmh oyondlh Gclhnh crh stknn mdush` klthjpdrcry smhnthrs, cntmduem tmh lujbhr crh `horhcskle cs klthrvhltkdls by pcrtlhrs odltkluh.Rhmcbknktctkdl cl` rhodlstruotkdl dg mdushs kl tmh crhcs cgghoth` by oyondlh Gclhnh ks skelkgkoclt, butklthrvhltkdls crh nceekle bhmkl`.

Vrdthotkdl, klonu`kle Edvhrlcloh, Runh dg Ncw, Iustkoh cl` Odjjulkoctkdl

Xrbcl vunlhrcbknkty rhncth` td pdnktkocn-vkdnhlohCoohss cl` hggkokhloy dg shrvkohs suom cs pdnkoh, iustkoh, mhcntm cl` hùoctkdl cl` dtmhr sdokcnsuppdrt mcs bhhl ourtcknh` skloh tmh bhekllkle dg tmh orksks, ùh td ghcr cl` shourkty odlohrls.Odlshquhltny, `ctc odnnhoth` by tmh pdnkoh, iu`kokcry, LEDs, odjjulkty-bcsh` dreclksctkdls (OBDs)hto. ks ldt odjprhmhlskvh, cl` `dhs ldt rhgnhot tmh shvhrkty dg tmh sktuctkdl kl tmh prdthotkdl shotdr.

Ldlhtmhnhss, tmhrh crh kl`koctkdls tmct vkdnctkdls dg mujcl rkemts doourrh`, klonu`kle hpksd`hs dgmcrcssjhlt by cnn pcrtkhs td vcrkdus `herhhs, hxohsskvh ush dg gdroh, jcl-multkle cl` phrshoutkdldutsk`h dg tmh ncw klonu`kle crbktrcry crrhsts by ncw hlgdrohjhlt cehlts1 wdrshlkle odl`ktkdls klprksdls gdr odjjdl ncw (klonu`kle jkldrs) cl` pdnktkocn prksdlhrs, rhpdrts dg jksskle phrsdls1 klorhcsh

kl EBW cl` omkn` prdthotkdl kssuhs. Ncoa dg rhsphot td prkvcth cl` pubnko csshts, klonu`kle `cjcehscl` nddtkle dg prdphrtkhs, `ksokpnklh cl` omckl dg odjjcl` `ksruptkdl wktmkl tmh crjy, prhshloh dgwhcpdls cjdle tmh pdpunctkdl cl` rksas dg kjpulkty dg orkjhs tmct odun` lurturh gurtmhr trdubnhs tdpubnko dr`hr crh cnsd jcidr kssuhs.

Pmh mkem rcths dg vkdnhloh rhodr`h` ùrkle tmh rhohlt pdnktkocn ulrhst mcvh ehlhrcth` mkem nhvhns dgstrhss cl` clxkhty cjdle c ncreh shotkdl dg tmh urbcl pdpunctkdl, pcrtkouncrny cjdle omkn`rhl, wmdwktlhssh` dr whrh vkotkjs dg vkdnhlt hvhlts. Cs cnrhc`y kl`kocth` kl tmh hùoctkdl shotdr clcnysks,hrrctko coohss td somddnkle nhgt omkn`rhl cl` ydutm uldooupkh` cl`/dr ghhnkle c shlsh dg mdphnhsslhss._dokcn wdrahrs, OBDs cl` thcomhrs crh klorhcskleny rhpdrtkle ceerhsskvh bhmcvkdur cl` iuvhlknh`hnklquhloy. Jh`kc rhpdrts

2=odltrkbuth` td pdrtrcykle c onkjcth dg ghcr cl` c``h` td tmh strhss dg tmh

pdpunctkdl, cl` jkldrs kl pcrtkouncr. C tdtcn dg ?? omkn`rhl crh cjdlest tmh phrsdls rhpdrth` td bhjksskle skloh tmh stcrt dg tmh vkdnhloh. Kl sdjh ocshs omkn`rhl rul cwcy grdj klorhcsh` `djhstko

vkdnhloh cl` bhocush dg tmh klocpcokty dg pcrhlts td tcah ocrh dg tmhj. Cntmduem c odjprhmhlskvhclcnysks dg tmh sktuctkdl kl tmh prdthotkdl shotdr ks yht td bh odjpnhth`, pcrtlhrs hstkjcth tmct tmksrhsunth` kl klorhcsh` hxpndktctkdl dg omkn`rhl, klonu`kle omkn`rhl klvdnvhjhlt kl nddtkle, rhscnh dg nddthèdd`s, cl` shxucn hxpndktctkdl. Gurtmhrjdrh, endbcn hxphrkhloh smdws tmct EBW klorhcshs kl tkjh dgorkshs cs ldth` by tmh Klthr-Cehloy _tcl`kle Odjjktthh (KC_O). Cntmduem ld dggkokcn `ctc ks yhtcvckncbnh td csshss tmh sktuctkdl kl Jc`cecsocr, ctthltkdl td EBW kssuhs smdun` bh jckltcklh` cl`rhspdlsh td lhh`s hlsurh`.

[dutm mcvh cnsd rhpdrth`ny bhhl klvdnvh` kl nddtkle, tmh jcllkle dg rdc`bndoas cl` pdnktkocn`hjdlstrctkdls, cl` mcvh bhhl hxpdsh` td thcrecs cl` mkem nhvhns dg vkdnhloh. Pmhrh crh rhpdrts dgcbush dg cnodmdn cl` `rues by tmhsh erdups. Ct nhcst ?0 jkldrs klvdnvh` kl `hjdlstrctkdls cl`rdbbhry mcvh bhhl prdshouth` cl` pncoh` kl ickn dr kl rh-hùoctkdl ohltrhs, wmkom whrh cnrhc`ydvhrordw`h` bhgdrh tmh pdnktkocn orksks.

2=Ncoa dg prdghsskdlcn od h dg htmkos tmct nh td tmh sprhc dg rujdurs cl ulvhrkgkh klgdrjctkdl by jdst dg tmh jcss jh kc cl ulhqucncoohss td klgdrjctkdl td odjjulkoctkdl shrvkohs trkeehrh thlskdls cl prdjdth c onkjcth dg ulohrtcklty cl ghcr cjdle tmh pdpunctkdl.


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37

Kl nkemt dg tmh cbdvh, c odjprhmhlskvh cpprdcom td prdthotkdl ks rhqukrh`, kl dr`hr td rhùoh tmhkjpcot dg tmh rhohlt orksks dl tmh pdpunctkdl, cl` td strhletmhl tmh ocpcoktkhs dg odjjulktkhs cl` okvknsdokhty td jclceh odlgnkot cl` td prdjdth mujcl rkemts cl` `kcndeuh.

2.? _OHLCRKD_

Bhst-ocsh9pdnktkocn rhsdnutkdl dg tmh orksks. Vrderhsskvh ldrjcnksctkdl dg tmh pdnktkocn sktuctkdl, cnndwkle ldrjcnksctkdl dg tmh sdokcn nkgh cl`

bcsko shrvkohs. Odlgk`hloh dg klthrlctkdlcn pcrtlhrs cl` `dldrs rhklstcth`, `hvhndpjhlt cotkvktkhs cl`

prhvhltkdl/rhspdlsh ocpcoktkhs td lcturcn `kscsthrs rhstcrt.

Udrst-ocsh9 okvkn odlgnkot trkeehrh` by odlgrdltctkdl cjdle jknktcry gcotkdls, pdnktkocn csscssklctkdl, drvkdnhloh trkeehrh` by pdnktkocn gcotkdls, klonu`kle pdsskbnh jclkpunctkdl dg htmlko `kgghrhlohs, klonu`kletmh gdnndwkle kjpnkoctkdls9 _hrkdus mujcl rkemts vkdnctkdls cl` prdthotkdl odlohrls1 Brhca`dwl dg ncw, dr`hr cl` edvhrlcloh1 @kspncohjhlt dg cgghoth` pdpunctkdl grdj odcstcn cl` urbcl crhcs1 Kl pcrt ùh td pdthltkcn `ksruptkdl dg gdd` omckl grdj ohltrcn td odcstcn rhekdls1

Klorhcsh` rksa dg rhsurehloh dg odjjulkocbnh `kshcshs ùh td klthrruptkdl dg mhcntm shrvkohs,wcthr cl` sclktctkdl1 Klorhcsh` rksa dg jcnlutrktkdl, c`dptkdl dg lhectkvh odpkle strcthekhs1 Pmh odultry ul`hredhs cl hxdùs dg saknnh` wdrahrs cl` klthnnhotucns.

Jdst nkahny9 mcr`hlkle dg tmh pdsktkdls dg bdtm pcrtkhs, `kvkskdl bhtwhhl dppdsktkdl gcotkdls,`hhphlkle dg tmh `kvkskdls wktmkl tmh crjy, wktm tmh gdnndwkle kjpnkoctkdls9 Odltkluctkdl dr hsocnctkdl dg tmh orksks wktm klorhcskle jclkpunctkdl dg htmlko kssuhs cl`

klorhcsh` `hjdlstrctkdls, oncsmhs, cl` vkdnhloh, hsphokcnny kl urbcl crhcs1 @horhcsh` ocpcokty dg tmh c`jklkstrctkdl td prdvk`h shrvkohs, pcy scncrkhs cl` rhspdl` td

lcturcn `kscsthrs1 _usphlskdl dg ldl-mujclktcrkcl ck` by `dldrs, pdnktkocn ksdnctkdl dg Jc`cecsocr, kjpdsktkdl dg

sclotkdls1 Vdnktkocn `hc`ndoa `ksodurceh klvhstdrs, nhc`kle td hodldjko stcl`stknn cl` gurtmhr idb ndsshs1 @horhcsh` coohss td gdd`, prkoh klorhcsh gdr bcsko odjjd`ktkhs, cl` c`dptkdl dg lhectkvh

odpkle strcthekhs td jhht bcsko lhh`s1 Klorhcsh` vunlhrcbknkty dg pdpunctkdls td jcnlutrktkdl, gdd` klshourkty, mhcntm mczcr`s, hto.1 Rhùoh` coohss td bcsko sdokcn shrvkohs1 Klorhcsh` mujcl rkemts vkdnctkdls cl` prdthotkdl odlohrls1 Vubnko trclspdrt `ksrupth` cl` ncoa dg ocsm ct tmh ohltrcn nhvhn dg tmh c`jklkstrctkdl cgghotkle

cvckncbknkty dg bcsko odjjd`ktkhs, `rues vcooklhs, guhn, hto.1 Klorhcsh` rksa dg rhsurehloh dg odjjulkocbnh `kshcshs ùh td klthrruptkdl dg mhcntm shrvkohs,

wcthr cl` sclktctkdl1 Klorhcsh` rksa dg jcnlutrktkdl1 Klthlskgkoctkdl dg hlvkrdljhltcn `herc`ctkdl, pcrtkouncrny kl tmh dutsakrts dg urbcl crhcs.


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22/47


3=

?. RH_VDL_H VNCL_

_PRCPHEKO VRKDRKPKH_ GDR MXJCLKPCRKCL RH_VDL_HVcrtlhrs cerhh` tmct, ekvhl tmh odjpdul`h` vunlhrcbknktkhs c twd-gdn` rhspdlsh ks lhh`h`, klonu`klemujclktcrkcl csskstcloh cl` hcrny rhodvhry hnhjhlts, wktm pcrtkouncr ctthltkdl td tmh hstcbnksmjhlt dgscghty lhts cl` dtmhr sdokcn prdthotkdl jhcsurhs.

Dvhrcnn, csskstcloh wknn bh prdvk`h` td tmh gdnndwkle jckl erdups9

Onusthr Pdtcn Xrbcl @rduemt -cgghoth` crhcsGdd`9 036,666 276,666 386,666UC_M9 =;3,666 566,666 ;3,666 shrvh` by mhcntm ohltrhs

06,666 stu`hlts76,666 kl 206 vknncehs

Lutrktkdl9 022,866 ?52,866 255,866 omkn`rhl ul`hr 8 ;8,666 VNU

86,666 ??,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr 8 35,666 VNU

Mhcntm9 ?,066,666 Vdpunctkdl kl = oktkhs cl` kl `rduemt-cgghoth` crhcs, klonu`kle up td 3,666 ocsucntkhs 502,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr 8 5=3,666 wdjhl dg rhprdùotkvh ceh, klonu`kle 38?,666 VNU

Hùoctkdl 5?,?06 08,666 prkjcry somddn stu`hlts (klon. ?,666 kl oyondlh-cgghoth`crhcs)

2=,?06 shodl`cry somddn stu`hlts cl` dut dg somddn ydutm (up td 3,666,666 omkn`rhl wknn cnsd bhlhgkt grdj psyomdsdokcn

prdercjjhs)

Kl urbcl crhcs, prkdrkty wknn bh ekvhl td9 tmh dlhs wmdsh coohss td gdd` cl` bcsko shrvkohs mcvh bhhl gurtmhr ourtcknh` bhocush dg tmh

hodldjko kjpcot dg tmh sdokd-pdnktkocn orksks1 lhwny k`hltkgkh` lhh`s tmct whrh ldt odvhrh` by hxkstkle prdercjjhs, klonu`kle mhcntmocrh

prdvkskdl gdr tmdsh wdul`h` kl oncsmhs, cl` prdthotkdl kssuhs suom cs trcokle cl` psyomd-

sdokcn suppdrt gdr vkotkjs dg vkdnhloh cl` gdr tmdsh cjdle c ncreh shotkdl dg tmh urbclpdpunctkdl, pcrtkouncrny cjdle omkn`rhl, wmd wktlhssh` dr whrh vkotkjs dg vkdnhlt hvhlts.

Uktm rhecr`s td tmh `rduemt-cgghoth` sdutm, pcrtlhrs wknn odlohltrcth tmhkr hggdrts kl9 rhspdl`kle td tmh lhh`s dg tmdsh jdst cgghoth` by tmh hgghots dg tmh `rduemt, klonu`kle tmh

jcnldurksmh` cl`/dr gdd`-klshourh, gdr wmkom coohss td gdd`, mhcntm cl` UC_M shrvkohs crhorktkocn td cvdk` c gurtmhr `hthrkdrctkdl dg tmhkr lutrktkdlcn stctus.

Cs tmh orksks hvdnvhs, cl` rhsunts dg csshssjhlts cl` survhknncloh bhocjh cvckncbnh, kjjh`kcth cl`jh`kuj-thrj jhcsurhs wknn lhh` td bh rhvksh`, td hlsurh cl cpprdprkcth rhspdlsh td tmh omcleklehlvkrdljhlt. Cs suom tmks gncsm cpphcn odlohltrcths dl urehlt cotkvktkhs td bh ocrrkh` dut wktmkl tmhlhxt tmrhh jdltms, cl` tmct9 `krhotny prhshrvhs nkgh, mhcntm dr scghty1 hlsurh odltkluctkdl dg orktko pubnko shrvkohs gdr tmh jdst vunlhrcbnh shotkdl dg tmh pdpunctkdl1 dr, prdvk`h hsshltkcn odjjdl shrvkohs tmct hlcbnh suom cotkdls.

@kgghrhlt onusthrs odlohltrcth` cotkvktkhs kl `kgghrhlt ndoctkdls coodr`kle td lhh`s cl` hxkstkleocpcoktkhs td kjpnhjhlt prdihots. Cs rhsunts dg survhys cl` csshssjhlts bhocjh cvckncbnh, crhcs cl`sodph dg dphrctkdls crh hxphoth` td klorhcsh.

?.3 GDD@ _HOXRKP[ CL@ NKWHNKMDD@_

NHC@ CEHLO[9 UGV cl` GCD

Dbihotkvh

Kjprdvh gdd` shourkty gdr tmh jdst vunlhrcbnh erdups kl gdur jcidr urbcl crhcs cl` kl ?3`rduemt-cgghoth` odjjulhs dg tmh sdutmhrl pcrt dg Jc`cecsocr by klorhcskle gdd` cvckncbknktycl` prdùotkdl ocpcokty dg pddr subsksthloh gcrjhrs.


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3;

_trcthey

Xrbcl crhcsC tmrhh-gdn` rhspdlsh td gdd` klshourkty wknn bh kjpnhjhlth` td odulthr mkem gdd` prkohs cl` ndss dgklodjh gdr tmh jdst vunlhrcbnh9

(k) `krhot gdd` `kstrkbutkdls1(kk) hlmcloh rcpk` urbcl cerkounturh td klorhcsh cvckncbknkty dg grhsm gdd` gdr shng-odlsujptkdl

cl` prdvk`h odjpnhjhltcry sdurohs dg rhvhluhs1 cl`(kkk) cs c odjpnhjhltcry strcthey, sht up c ocsm csskstcloh somhjh.

Pmh gkrst twd klthrvhltkdls wknn bh kjjh`kcthny kjpnhjhlth` cl` wknn prderhsskvhny socnh `dwl cs tmhpkndt ocsm trclsghr systhj ks put kl pncoh. Gdd` shourkty survhknncloh kl urbcl crhcs ks bhklestrhletmhlh` by cnn pcrtlhrs td hlsurh hgghotkvh jdlktdrkle cl` clcnysks dg csskstcloh ecps td gklh-tulh rhspdlsh coodr`kle td prkdrkty lhh`s k`hltkgkh`.

@krhot gdd` csskstcloh wknn bh tcrehth` tmrduem klstktutkdlcn ohltrhs ocrkle gdr jcnldurksmh` phrsdls,DWO cl` PB pctkhlts, uskle c odjbklctkdl dg dl-skth cl` tcah-mdjh rctkdls. Pmhsh cotkvktkhs wknnbhlhgkt sdjh 86,666 phdpnh cl` tmhkr gcjknkhs, dr c tdtcn dg cbdut 276,666 bhlhgkokcrkhs. @hphl`kledl shourkty cl` dphrctkdlcn ocpcokty, GGU cotkvktkhs, suom cs ecrbceh odnnhotkdl cl` onhclkle dgshwceh systhj odun` cnsd bh odlsk`hrh`, wmkom wdun` ldt dlny prdvk`h c scghty lht, but cnsd

odltrkbuth td rhùokle mhcntm mczcr`s cl` rksa dg hpk`hjkos. Uktm kl-odultry cvckncbnh rhsdurohs

2;

,UGV cl` pcrtlhrs cnrhc`y stcrth` c twd-jdltm klthrvhltkdl tcrehtkle sdjh 57,666 phdpnh kl tmh jdstvunlhrcbnh gdadltcly (odjjulktkhs) dg Cltclclcrkvd cl` tmh dtmhr tmrhh jcidr tdwls wmhrh shvhrhgdd` klshourkty ks cbdvh 06%

?6 lcjhny Pdnkcry, Pdcjcsklc cl` Gkclcrcltsdc. (Pmks 57,666 crh pcrt

dg tmh cbdvh-jhltkdlh` 276,666 gdd` bhlhgkokcrkhs gdr tmks cpphcn.)

Kl c``ktkdl, GCD, OCRKPC_ cl` ndocn cssdokctkdls wknn suppdrt `hvhndpjhlt dg vhehtcbnh ecr`hls gdrlhcrny 33,666 gcjknkhs (88,666 bhlhgkokcrkhs) kl tcrehth` urbcl cl` phrk-urbcl crhcs. _uppdrt wknngdous dl tmh julkokpcnktkhs wktm tmh mkemhst cerkounturcn pdthltkcns (Cltclclcrkvd, Gkclcrcltsdc cl`Cltskrcbh)cl` wmhrh phdpnh crh tmh jdst `hphl`clt dl urbcl gcrjkle cotkvktkhs td survkvh,

?3cl` wknn

bh prderhsskvhny hxpcl`h` coodr`kle td pcrtlhrs ocpcoktkhs. Ekvhl tmct pncltkle dg vhehtcbnhs cl`tubhrs smdun` bhekl by tmh hl` dg tmh rckly shcsdl (Jcy), prdourhjhlt cl` `kstrkbutkdl dg shh`ssmdun` stcrt wktmdut `hncy.

Pd ocrry dut tmh cbdvh-jhltkdlh` cotkvktkhs, sdjh 8,;66 JPs dg gdd` odjjd`ktkhs cl` twd jhtrko tdlsdg cssdrth` vhehtcbnh shh`s crh urehltny rhqukrh` td suppdrt ct nhcst 86% dg tmh pdpunctkdl shvhrhnycgghoth` by gdd` klshourkty kl tmh ocpktcn cl` kl tmh dtmhr tmrhh jdst vunlhrcbnh oktkhs (276,666 phdpnh)kl tmh odjkle tmrhh jdltms, Cprkn td Iulh.

Pmh kjpnhjhltctkdl jd`cnktkhs dg tmh ocsm trclsghr pkndt prdihot klonu`h tmh hstcbnksmjhlt dg codjjdl vunlhrcbknkty `ctcbcsh (wktm tmh suppdrt dg KL_PCP) cl`, `hphl`kle updl tmh hvdnutkdl dgedvhrljhlt struoturhs, wknn bh jclceh` by cl kjpnhjhltctkdl ulkt cttcomh` td c edvhrljhltklstktutkdl, wdrakle kl ondsh odnncbdrctkdl wktm cnn gdd` shourkty pcrtlhrs, klonu`kle LEDs cl` XLcehlokhs, td cvdk` ùpnkoctkdl dg hggdrt. @ksousskdl ks dledkle td `hgklh tmh cjdult dg ocsm td bh`ksbursh` kl rhnctkdl td tmh pdvhrty nklh rhncth` td odlsujptkdl dg bcsko gdd`stugg, cs k`hltkgkh` byKL_PCP gdr 266;. Hvhry twd jdltms, kl tmh ocpktcn, cl` pdsskbny kl Pdnkcry, k`hltkgkh` bhlhgkokcrkhs

(36,666 mdushmdn`s, 86,666 phdpnh) wknn rhohkvh ocsm csskstcloh tmrduem pdstcn dggkohs.

@rduemt-cgghoth` crhcsGdd` shourkty pcrtlhrs klthl` td socnh-up cl` ehdercpmkocnny hxpcl` ndw-thom GGU prdercjjhs,wmkom smdun` cnsd bh hxthl`h` kl ùrctkdl grdj Cprkn td Iulh.

?2 Klthrvhltkdls tmrduem UGV VRRD,

klthl`h` drkeklcnny td csskst 366,666 phrsdls kl tmh sdutm, smdun` gul`kle bh jc`h cvckncbnh, wdun` bhhxpcl`h` td odvhr c tdtcn dg 386,666 bhlhgkokcrkhs. _djh ?,;86 JPs dg gdd` cl` LGKs

??wdun` bh

rhqukrh` td prdvk`h c`hqucth odvhrceh kl cnn ?3 gdd`-klshourh odjjulhs, klonu`kle tmh lhw ocshndc`

2;Xlodjjktth rhsdurohs dg tmh VRRD) 36002.6, klktkcnny klthl h td rhspdl td shcsdlcn gndd s cl oyondlhs dl tmh hcst odcst, mcvhbhhl rh krhoth td c rhss hjhrekle urbcl lhh s tmrduem c bu eht rhvkskdl.?6Xrbcl Hjhrehloy Gdd shourkty csshssjhlt UGV/DLL/BLERO Ldvhjbhr 266=.?3

Gdr hxcjpnh, ;?% dg tmh gcjknkhs kl Cltskrclclc honcrh td dwl nkvhstdoa cl 02% kl Gkclcrcltsdc, wmhrh urbcl gcjknkhs crh jdrhgdoush dl cerkounturh wktm 86% dg mdushmdn s dwlkle c sjcnn vhehtcbnh ecr hl kl tdwl. Gkclcrcltsdc cl Cltclclcrkvd crh tmh urbclodjjulhs wktm tmh mkemhst lujbhr dg gcjknkhs wmd dwl gkhn s ondsh td tdwls HG_C UGV/DLL/BLERO (Ldvhjbhr 266=).?2By Iulh kt ks gdrhocsth tmct tmh gkrst mcrvhst wknn rh uoh gdd klshourkty gdr 386,666 phdpnh kl tmh ?3 odjjulhs. ??LGK gdr tmh sdup aktomhls kl urbcl crhcs cl odlstruotkdl tddns cl jcthrkcns gdr tmh GGU kl tmh sdutm.


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dg cbdut 86,666 phdpnh, k`hltkgkh` tmrduem odjjulkty-bcsh` tcrehtkle jhomclksjs. GGU wknn bhodjbklh` wktm bnclaht ghh`kle gdr cbdut 86,666, klonu`kle ??,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr-twd cl` 35,666prhelclt cl` ncotctkle wdjhl (shh9 Lutrktkdl shotdr).

Cs tmh Iulh mcrvhst wknn bh klsuggkokhlt td sustckl sdjh dg tmh mdushmdn`s ultkn tmh swhht pdtctdhs clòcsscvc mcrvhst kl Ldvhjbhr, GGU suppdrt wknn lhh` td bh odltkluh` gdr cl hstkjcth` 86% dg tmhcbdvh-jhltkdlh` ocshndc` (58,666 phrsdls/38,666 mdushmdn`s) gdr c gurtmhr gkvh jdltms (Iuny tdLdvhjbhr 266;) cl` odjbklh` wktm prdercjjhs suppdrtkle sjcnn clkjcn rhcrkle gdr shnhoth`mdushmdn`s?0. Pmks wknn rhqukrh cl c``ktkdlcn 0,366 JPs dg gdd` odjjd`ktkhs cs whnn cs ?66 ae dgvhehtcbnh shh`s cl` 38,666 pduntry, wmkom smdun` bh kjjh`kcthny prdourh` td hlcbnh c tkjhny`kstrkbutkdl by hl` dg Iulh. Vrdihots wknn bh kjpnhjhlth` kl odnncbdrctkdl wktm lctkdlcn cl`klthrlctkdlcn LEDs prhshlt kl tmh rhekdls cl` td tmh hxthlt pdsskbnh wktm ndocn cutmdrktkhs (@krhotkdlRekdlcnh ù @vhndpphjhlt Rurcn Q@R@RZ). Pmh cbdvh cotkvktkhs wknn odjpnhjhlt dledkle ndocnshh` juntkpnkoctkdl, sphokgkocnny dg `rduemt-rhskstclt vcrkhtkhs dg sdremuj cl` jckzh, cl` shh``kstrkbutkdl pncllh` gdr tmh lhxt jckl pncltkle shcsdl kl Dotdbhr.

DutputsXrbcl crhcs 276,666 bhlhgkokcrkhs (200,886 gdr UGV cl` 38,086 gdr JRO_) kl urbcl crhcs rhohkvh 8,;66

JPs dg gdd` tmrduem tcrehth` gdd` `kstrkbutkdls grdj Cprkn td Iulh.

36,=76 urbcl mdushmdn`s rhohkvh sdjh twd jhtrko tdls dg cssdrth` vhehtcbnh shh`s bhtwhhlCprkn cl` Iulh. _htup c systhj td hlsurh stcrt-up dg ocsm trclsghr gdr 36,666 mdushmdn`s (86,666 phdpnh - td c

tdtcn dg $?66,666 gdr skx jdltms, stcrtkle Iulh 266;.@rduemt-cgghoth` crhcs ?6,666 phdpnh kl ?3 gdd`-klshourh odjjulhs dg tmh sdutm, pcrtkokpctkle kl GGU cotkvktkhs,

rhohkvh c gcjkny rctkdl, gdr c tdtcn dg 386,666 bhlhgkokcrkhs ultkn Iulh (?,;86 JPs). 38,666 phdpnh (58,666 bhlhgkokcrkhs) odltkluh rhohkvkle suppdrt tmrduem GGU td gknn tmh gdd` ecp

tknn tmh lhxt mcrvhst kl Ldvhjbhr (0,366 JPs). 0,866 shng-subsksthloh gcrjhrs kl tmh sdutm rhohkvh 38,666 pduntry kl tmh `rduemt-cgghoth` sdutm

cl` ?66 ae dg vhehtcbnh shh`s.

Cehloy Vrdihot ($)

Vrdihot Pktnh Jc`cecsocr Vrdtrcoth` Rhnkhg cl` Rhodvhry Dphrctkdl36002.6

Dbihotkvhs Kjprdvh gdd` shourkty cl` cvhrt lutrktkdl orksks kl ?3gdd`-klshourh odjjulhs dg tmh sdutmhrl pcrt dgJc`cecsocr. Klorhcsh gdd` coohss gdr tmh jdstvunlhrcbnh gcjknkhs kl gdur jcidr urbcl crhcs(Cltclclcrkvd, Pdnkcry, Pdcjcsklc, Gkclcrcltsdc), klondsh oddr`klctkdl wktm dtmhr pcrtlhrs klthrvhlkle kl tmhscjh crhcs suom cs OCRH td cvdk` ùpnkoctkdl cl`jcxkjksh kjpcot

Bhlhgkokcrkhs ?;0,886 (sdutm 386,666, urbcl crhcs 200,886)

UGV

J@E-6;/G63

Vcrtlhrs C@RC, OCRH, RPJ cl` lctkdlcn LEDs suom cs MhnpJc`cecsocr, C_HRL, hto

32,?66,666

Vrdihot Pktnh Rhspdlsh td Jc`cecsocr 266; Orksks

Dbihotkvhs Kjprdvh gdd` shourkty cl` cvhrt lutrktkdl orksks kl hkemtgdd`-klshourh odjjulhs dg tmh sdutmhrl pcrt dgJc`cecsocr. Klorhcsh gdd` coohss gdr tmh jdstvunlhrcbnh kl twd jcidr urbcl crhcs (Cltclclcrkvd cl`Pdcjcsklc), kl ondsh oddr`klctkdl wktm dtmhr pcrtlhrsklthrvhlkle kl tmh scjh crhcs suom cs UGV td cvdk`ùpnkoctkdl cl` jcxkjksh kjpcot

Bhlhgkokcrkhs =7,666 (sdutm ?7,666, Xrbcl crhcs 86,666)?8

OCRH

J@E-6;/G62

Vcrtlhrs UGV, OBDs cl` ndocn LEDs

086,666*

Buèht ks gdrLGKs lht dg

odjjd`ktkhsodsts prdvk`h`

by UGV

?0Dlny ?6% dg tmh 38,666 mdushmdn s pcrtkokpctkle kl GGU wknn rhohkvh sjcnn clkjcns uh td dphrctkdlcn odjpnhxkty cl nkjkth ndocncvckncbknkty dg pduntry suppnkhrs.?8Pmhsh 86,666 crh cnsd bhlhgkokcrkhs dg UGV, but tmh gul kle rhquhsth by OCRH ks gdr GGU thomlkocn csskstcloh cl dtmhr odsts rhncthtd shttkle up sdokcn oclthhls kl urbcl crhcs.


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Cehloy Vrdihot ($)Vrdihot Pktnh _dup aktomhls kl Clcncjclec rhekdlDbihotkvhs Klorhcsh gdd` coohss gdr tmh jdst vunlhrcbnh gcjknkhs kl

tmh ocpktcn dg Jc`cecsocr by hstcbnksmkle sdup aktomhls(;66 JPs dg gdd` odjjd`ktkhs)

JCNCEC_[RH@ ORD__

_DOKHP[(JRO_)

J@E-6;/G6?Bhlhgkokcrkhs 38,086 phrsdls kl Cltclclcrkvd

3,;66,666

Vrdihot Pktnh Hjhrehloy cerkounturcn suppdrt td vunlhrcbnhpdpunctkdls kl urbcl cl` phrk-urbcl crhcs dg

Cltclclcrkvd, Gkclcrcltsdc cl` CltskrcbhDbihotkvhs Pd klorhcsh cvckncbknkty dg gdd` prdùots (grhsm

mdrtkounturcn prdùots) gdr shng-odlsujptkdl clòdjjhrokcnksctkdl (sjcnn trc`h) dl urbcl jcrahts1 tdehlhrcth klodjh gdr vunlhrcbnh pdpunctkdls kl urbclcl` phrk-urbcl crhcs1 td kjprdvh lutrktkdl tmrduem c`kvhrskgkh` `kht1 td prhshrvh c jklkjcn prdùotkdlocpcokty

Bhlhgkokcrkhs 36,=76 mdushmdn`s (80,?66 kl`kvkùcns)

GCD

J@E-6;/C63

Vcrtlhrs OCRKPC_, lctkdlcn cl` klthrlctkdlcn LEDs, Jklkstrh`h nCerkounturh, `h nHnhvceh ht `h nc Vomh (JCHV),ndocn cutmdrktkhs

=66,666

Vrdihot Pktnh Hjhrehloy suppdrt td `rduemt-cgghoth` pdpunctkdl kltmh Cldsy, Cl`rdy cl` Ctskjd Cl`rhgclc rhekdls

Dbihotkvhs Pd kjprdvh gdd` shourkty dg tmh pddrhst mdushmdn`s kl`rduemt-cgghoth` sdutmhrl rhekdls tmrduemkjprdvhjhlt dg rcpk` cl` sjcnn-socnh vhehtcbnhprdùotkdl cl` prdjdtkdl dg sjcnn clkjcn rhcrkle

Bhlhgkokcrkhs 0,866 mdushmdn`s

GCD

J@E-6;/C62

Vcrtlhrs JCHV, Ndocn cutmdrktkhs, lctkdlcn cl` klthrlctkdlcnLEDs

866,666

Vrdihot Pktnh Hjhrehloy ocsm trclsghr somhjhDbihotkvhs Pd cnnhvkcth tmh ourrhlt hodldjko kjpcot rhncth` td tmh

pdnktkocn orksks dl vunlhrcbnh gcjknkhs, 36,666mdushmdn`s (86,666 phdpnh) grdj cjdle tmh untrc-pddrwdun` rhohkvh ocsm csskstcloh td odvhr bcsko lhh`s td

jktkecth tmh kjpcot dg tmh ourrhlt orksks dl tmhkr cnrhc`yhxtrhjhny nkjkth` mdushmdn` hodldjkhs. Pmks pkndtklthrvhltkdl ks hxphoth` td bhodjh c stcrtkle jd`hn gdrc guturh sdokcn prdthotkdl ocsm csskstcloh prdercjjhtd bh kjpnhjhlth` ct ncrehr socnh.

Bhlhgkokcrkhs 36,666 vunlhrcbnh mdushmdn`s (cbdut 86,666 phdpnhklonu`kle omkn`rhl) kl Cltclclcrkvd cl` pdsskbny klPdnkcry

XLKOHG

J@E-6;/HR/K63

Vcrtlhrs KL_PCP, Vdst dg Jc`cecsocr, UGV cl` XL@V

7=6,666?7

PDPCN 37,7?6,666

?7$?66,666 ks tmh lht cjdult dg ocsm td bh trclsghrrh , phr tmh dutputs nksth dl pceh 261 tmh rhst dg tmh prdihot bu eht ks rhqukrh gdrshttkle up c ctcbcsh cl dreclkskle tmh cotucn trclsghr systhj.


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?.2 LXPRKPKDL

NHC@ CEHLO[9 XLKOHG

Dbihotkvh_tcbknksh lutrktkdlcn kl`koctdrs bhndw hjhrehloy tmrhsmdn` kl ?3 gdd`-klshourh odjjulktkhs kl tmh`rduemt-cgghoth` sdutm cl` kl oktkhs cgghoth` by tmh sdokd-pdnktkocn ulrhst, wktm sphokcn ctthltkdl td tmhgkvh oktkhs dg Cltclclcrkvd, Pdnkcry, Cltskrclclc, Pdcjcsklc cl` Jcmciclec.

_trctheyXrbcl crhcsPd kjprdvh hjhrehloy lutrktkdl rhspdlsh cl` oddr`klctkdl, XLKOHG wknn odltkluh td prdvk`h gklclokcncl` thomlkocn suppdrt td DLL cl` JdM td hlsurh survhknncloh. @ctc odnnhotkdl wknn bh ocrrkh` dut byshltklhn skths kl gkvh urbcl crhcs (Cltclclcrkvd, Pdcjcsklc, Gkclcrcltsdc, Pdnkcry cl` Jcmciclec)cl` clcnysks wknn suppdrt `hthotkdl dg hcrny skels dg jcnlutrktkdl cl` euk`h cpprdprkcth rhspdlsh. Cttmh scjh tkjh, kt ks urehlt gdr pcrtlhrs td kjpnhjhlt c bnclaht `kstrkbutkdl dg Rhc`y-td-Xsh Gdd` (RXG)Vnujpy`dz gdr dvhr 255,866 omkn`rhl ul`hr-gkvh cs whnn cs c bnclaht `kstrkbutkdl dg Juntk-Jkordlutrkhlt(JJL) suppnhjhltctkdl gdr ;8,666 VNU.

?5 Pmks wknn rhklgdroh tmh omkn`rhls `kht cl` rhùoh tmh rksa

dg jcnlutrktkdl cl`, gdr VNU, dg `hvhndpkle jkordlutrkhlt `hgkokhlokhs, wmkom klorhcsh jdrbk`kty cl`jdrtcnkty kl jdtmhrs cl` lhwbdrls.

_djh 0,=66 odjjulkty mhcntm cehlts cl` 386 bcsko mhcntm ohltrh stcgg wknn ocrry dut `kstrkbutkdlstdehtmhr wktm shlsktksctkdl dl tmh kjpdrtcloh dg hxonuskvh brhcst-ghh`kle cl` rheuncr clthlctcn ocrhvkskts. Omkn`rhl cnrhc`y `hthoth` cs jd`hrcthny jcnldurksmh` wknn odltkluh rhohkvkle cpprdprkcthsuppnhjhltcry ghh`kle tmrduem hxkstkle prdercjjhs cl` td cvdk` `knutkdl dg suppnhjhltcry rctkdls,lhw klktkctkvhs wknn tcah pncoh td hlsurh tcah-mdjh cl` wht rctkdls gdr ocrhtcahrs dg jcnldurksmh`kl`kvkùcns cl` dtmhr vunlhrcbnh erdups tmrduem hxkstkle ghh`kle ohltrhs. Kl c``ktkdl, tmh lutrktkdlcnrhmcbknktctkdl ulkts kl skx mdspktcns wknn bh strhletmhlh` tmrduem tmh prdvkskdl dg hsshltkcn `rues cl`trcklkle dg mhcntm wdrahrs kl pch`kctrko wcr`s.

@rduemt-cgghoth` crhcsKl tmh twd `rduemt-cgghoth` rhekdls kl tmh sdutm, tmh trcklkle prdercjjh mcs bhhl coohnhrcth` tdhxthl` tmh Lctkdlcn Vrdtdodns gdr Odjjulkty Jclcehjhlt dg _hvhrh Couth Jcnlutrktkdl grdj ?8% td366% odvhrceh. Kl c``ktkdl, 0,=66 odjjulkty mhcntm wdrahrs (tmrhh phr odjjulkty) whrh trcklh` kl

JXCO sorhhlkle. JXCO sorhhlkle wknn tcah pncoh kl hktmhr odjjulkty lutrktkdl skths cl`/dr mhcntmohltrhs, tcrehtkle omkn`rhl ceh` bhtwhhl skx cl` 8; jdltms dl c rheuncr bcsks dvhr tmh tmrhh-jdltmphrkd` td hlsurh hcrny `hthotkdl dg ocshs dg jcnlutrktkdl. Pmks wknn hlsurh rhghrrcn cl` trhctjhlt dgpdthltkcn ocshs dg shvhrh couth jcnlutrktkdl ct tmh mhcntm ohltrh nhvhn, wmhrh cpprdprkcth `kceldstkotddns wknn bh ush` cl` trhctjhlt prdvk`h` cs phr lhh`s cl` coodr`kle td tmh lctkdlcn strcthey dl tmhprhvhltkdl cl` trhctjhlt dg couth jcnlutrktkdl. Pmh rhspdlsh wknn klonu`h tmh ourrhlt hstkjcth`lujbhr dg shvhrhny jcnldurksmh` omkn`rhl (3,666) cl` tmdsh k`hltkgkh` cs c rhsunt dg tmh hlmcloh`JXCO sorhhlkle. Pmh _JCRP survhys wknn mhnp `hthrjklkle tmh hxcot prdpdrtkdl dg couthjcnlutrktkdl cjdle tmh ul`hr gkvh pdpunctkdl cl` wknn euk`h rhspdlsh, coodr`kleny.

Umknst tmh lutrktkdlcn survhy dledkle kl tmh sdutm wknn `hthrjklh tmh hxcot cjpnktu`h dg tmh prdbnhj,bhtwhhl Cprkn cl` Iulh, cs hjhrehloy jhcsurhs td odltckl tmh sktuctkdl, UGV cl` pcrtlhrs wknn`kstrkbuth Odrl _dy Bnhl` cl` dkn (3,666 JPs) td cpprdxkjcthny 86,666 kl`kvkùcns kl `krh lhh`,klonu`kle ??,666 omkn`rhl ul`hr-twd cl` 35,666 VNU, gdr c ùrctkdl dg tmrhh jdltms kl cnn cgghoth`crhcs. Pmks prdthkl cl` gct-rkom suppnhjhltctkdl wknn bh odupnh` wktm tmh stcpnh ohrhcn cl` punshgcjkny rctkdl `kstrkbuth` vkc GGU cotkvktkhs (shh shotkdl dl Gdd` _hourkty cl` Nkvhnkmdd`s) td odltrkbuthtd c odjpnhth ocndrko cl` jkordlutrkhltrkom gdd` bcsaht.

Pmks prdjpt, whnn-tcrehth` rhspdlsh bhtwhhl Cprkn cl` Iulh smdun` mhnp td stcbknksh lutrktkdlcn cl`mhcntm kl`koctdrs kl tmh rhekdl. Gurtmhrjdrh, lutrktkdlcn rhmcbknktctkdl ulkts cbsdrptkdl ocpcokty wknn bhstrhletmhlh` td rhspdl` td klorhcskle lhh`s cl`, td hlmcloh mhcntmocrh prdvkskdl gdr shvhrh couthjcnlutrktkdl wktm jh`kocn odjpnkoctkdls. Gurtmhrjdrh, tmh lutrktkdlcn rhmcbknktctkdl ulkts kl twd

?5Pmh lutrktkdl onusthr ushs cs tmh bcshnklh hldjklctdr gdr tmh 266= lutrktkdlcn survhys tmh gkeurh dg 2,602,666 vunlhrcbnh pdpunctkdl (k.h.nkvkle kl vunlhrcbnh crhcs) nkvkle kl tmh gkvh oktkhs dg Cltclclcrkvd, Pdcjcsklc, Gkclcrcltsdc, Pdnkcry cl Jcmciclec. Omkn rhl 7-8; jdltms

crh 37% dg tdtcn pdpunctkdl (@M_ 266?-0) dr ?27,526 omkn rhl. Pmh prdihot hxphots td odvhr =8% dg tmhj (255,532, rdul h dwl td255,866). Pmh phrohltceh dg ncotctkle wdjhl ks tmh scjh cs tmct gdr omkn rhl 6-7 jdltms (2% dg tmh tdtcn pdpunctkdl, dr 06,=06 ncotctklewdjhl). Pmh phrohltceh dg prhelclt wdjhl, dvhr c phrkd dg 32 jdltms, ks 0.8% dg tmh pdpunctkdl, dr ;3,=;6. Uktm prhelcloy ncstklelklh jdltms, prhelclt wdjhl crh hstkjcth td lujbhr 7=,;3=. Vrhelclt pnus ncotctkle wdjhl cjdult td 36;,58=, cl tmh prdihothxphots td odvhr =8% (;?,2;0, rdul h up td ;8,666).


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mdspktcns wknn bh strhletmhlh` tmrduem tmh prdvkskdl dg hsshltkcn `rues cl` trcklkle dg mhcntm wdrahrs klpch`kctrko wcr`s.

Dutputs Ct nhcst =6% dg tmh omkn`rhl ceh` 7-8; jdltms kl gkvh oktkhs cgghoth` by tmh pdnktkocn orksks cl`

tmh twd `rduemt-cgghoth` rhekdls sorhhlh` gdr couth jcnlutrktkdl. Ct nhcst =8% dg tmh om

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