LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Identify basic parts of microscopeCalculate microscope magnificationUnderstand that cells are basic unit of lifeHow cell division occurs and what is purpose of itDescribe structure of typical of animal and plant cellExplain how cell are specialized to carry out certain functionSeveral cell organized into tissue, many tissue organized intoorgans, then organ organized into systemDescribe a range of organ transplant

MADE BY:- S.KHIZAR.ALI,RAYYAN AND RAMEEZVII-S

BASIC PARTS OFMICROSCOPE

MICROSCOPE

HOW TO CALCULATEMAGNIFICATION?

FORMULA:-MAGNIFICATION=OBJECTIVE LENS*EYEPIECE LENS

EXAMPLE:-MAGNIFICATION=20*10

ANS=200

WHAT IS CELL?

Cell is basic unit of life. It is the smallest part of living thing. It is capable to carry out basic

process of life.

CELL DIVISION

Cell division is the process by whicha parent cell divides into two ormore daughter cells. Celldivision usually occurs as part of alarger cell cycle.

ANIMAL CELL

BASIC PARTS OF ANIMAL CELL:-• NUCLEUS• CELL MEMBRANE• CYTOPLASM• VACUOLE

PLANT CELL

BASIC PARTS OF ANIMAL CELL:- NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM CHLOROPLAST CELL MEMBRANE CELL WALL VACUOLE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANTAND ANIMALCELLS

PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

Cell wall is present Cell wall is not presentVacuole is not numerous Vacuole is numerousChloroplast is present Chloroplast is not present

DIFFERENT SPECIALISED CELL

• PALISADE CELLS:-It absorbed major portion oflight energy used by leaves.

• SPERM CELLS:-It has a long tail which enables itto swim towards an egg to fertilise it.

• RED BLOOD CELLS:-It carry oxygen around thebody.

• ROOT HAIR CELLS:-It collect water and mineralpresent in the soil.

TISSUES

A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin thattogether carry out a specific function.

Types of tissueConnective tissue: Connective tissues are fibroustissues. They are made up of cells separated bynon-living material, which is called an extracellular matrix. Connective tissue gives shape toorgans and holds them in place. Both blood andbone are examples of connective tissue.

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Muscle Tissue: Muscle cells form the active contractile tissue ofthe body known as muscle tissue or muscular tissue. Muscle tissuefunctions are to produce force and cause motion, either locomotionor movement within internal organs.

Nervous Tissue: Cells comprising the central nervoussystem and peripheral nervous system are classified as neuraltissue. In the central nervous system, neural tissue forms thebrain and spinal cord and, in the peripheral nervous system formsthe cranial nerves and spinal nerves, inclusive of the motor neurons.

Epithelial Tissue: The epithelial tissues are formed by cellsthat cover the organ surfaces such as the surface of the skin,the airways, the reproductive tract, and the inner lining of thedigestive tract.

ORGAN

Organs are composed of main tissue, parenchyma, and"sporadic" tissues, stoma. The main tissue is that which isunique for the specific organ, such as the myocardium, themain tissue of the heart, while sporadic tissues includethe nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues.

SYSTEMA system is a set of interacting or interdependent components

forming an integrated whole.CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: an organ system that

permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (suchas amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen and carbondioxide.

NERVOUS SYSTEM: Control activities of the body,makeensure all body parts work together smoothly.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Breaks food down into simpler formswhich can be absorbed into the blood stream.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Enables exchange of gasesbetween the body and the enternal environment.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

KIDNEY DIALYSIS

In medicine, dialysis (from Greek dialysis,meaning dissolution, dia, meaning through, and lysis,meaning loosening or splitting) is a process forremoving waste and excess water from the blood, andis used primarily as an artificial replacement forlost kidney function in people with renal failure.Dialysis may be used for those with an acutedisturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury,previously acute renal failure), or progressive butchronically worsening kidney function—a state knownas chronic kidney disease stage 5 (previously chronicrenal failure or end-stage renal disease).

KIDNEY TRANSPLANT

ORGAN TRANSPLANT: Organ transplantation is the movingof an organ from one body to another or froma donor site to another location on the person's ownbody, to replace the recipient's damaged or absentorgan.

Some people do not want to have a kidney transplant.

CONDITION FOR KIDNEY DONORS Blood group should be same. Donor should be healthy. Age above forty.