magister manajemen sistem informasi 0 electronic commerce and mobile commerce dr. tb. maulana kusuma...

Magister Manajemen Sistem InformasiMagister Manajemen Sistem Informasi 11

Electronic Commerce and Electronic Commerce and Mobile CommerceMobile Commerce

Dr. Tb. Maulana KusumaDr. Tb. Maulana [email protected]@staff.gunadarma.ac.id

http://staffsite.gunadarma.ac.id/mkusumahttp://staffsite.gunadarma.ac.id/mkusuma

Internet dan Jaringan KomputerInternet dan Jaringan Komputer

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E-Commerce

E-Commerce Security

Definition

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FrameworkMedia Convergence

Anatomy

Transact. SecurityFirewallEncryption

Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment

Internet SitesCommercial UsesE-Commerce & WWW

Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce

Home BankingHome Shopping

Magister Manajemen Sistem InformasiMagister Manajemen Sistem InformasiUniversitas GunadarmaUniversitas Gunadarma

Public Key Infra-structure

Definition of E-CommerceDefinition of E-CommerceDefinition of E-CommerceDefinition of E-Commerce

“A modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organizations, merchants, and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery”

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E-Commerce

E-Commerce Security

Definition

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




E-Commerce FrameworkE-Commerce FrameworkE-Commerce FrameworkE-Commerce Framework

The Information Superhighway infrastructure(telecom, cable TV, wireless, Internet)

Multimedia content and networkpublishing infrastructure

The messaging and informationdistribution infrastructure

Common business services infrastructure(security / authentication, electronic payment,

directories / catalogs)

Electronic Commerce Applications

• Supply chain management

• Video on-demand

• Remote Banking

• Procurement and purchasing

• On-line marketing and advertising

• Home shopping

Public policy, legaland privacy issues

Technical standardsfor electronic documents,

multimedia and network protocols

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E-Commerce

E-Commerce Security

Definition

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




E-Commerce & Media ConvergenceE-Commerce & Media ConvergenceE-Commerce & Media ConvergenceE-Commerce & Media Convergence

“Convergence, broadly defined, is the melding of consumer electronics, television, publishing, telecommunications, and computers for the purpose of facilitating new forms of information-based commerce”

Convergence of content

Translates all types of information content -- books, business documents, videos, movies, music -- into digital information.

Convergence of transmission

Compresses and stores digitized information so it can travel through existing phone and cable wiring.

Convergence of information access device

To function as both computers and televisions.

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E-Commerce

E-Commerce Security

Definition

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




Anatomy of E-Commerce Applications Anatomy of E-Commerce Applications Anatomy of E-Commerce Applications Anatomy of E-Commerce Applications

Videoservers

Governmentservers

Gameservers

Corporateservers

Libraries• Chatlines•Software

Electronicpublishing

NetworkServiceProvider

NetworkInternet

Information Servers withVariety of Content

Computer

PDA

Telephone

TV

Printer

Consumer Devices

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E-Commerce

E-Commerce Security

Definition

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




Types of Internet SitesTypes of Internet SitesTypes of Internet SitesTypes of Internet Sites

There are broadly speaking two main types of commercial Internet sites available to companies at present:

Static Sites

It can be used for displaying large amounts of information provided the information does not require regular updating and a high degree of functionality is not required.

Databased Sites

Sometimes referred to as Database Front-end Systems or dynamically generated Internet sites. It can be designed to interact with existing systems such as order processing, stock control systems and sources of information such as product databases.

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E-Commerce Security

Definition

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




Commercial Uses of the InternetCommercial Uses of the InternetCommercial Uses of the InternetCommercial Uses of the Internet

TheInternet

On-line databases(selling information)

On-line databases(product & services)

Employees in the organizationwhose tasks range fromprocurement to payment

Financial institutions,banks, credit cardcompanies

Global suppliers

Customers at home

Business customers

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E-Commerce Security

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




FirewallFirewallFirewallFirewall

EnterpriseLANor

WAN

Internet Firewall

Firewall bypassshould not be allowed

Corporate Network

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E-Commerce Security

Definition

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




EncryptionEncryptionEncryptionEncryption

Encryption is the mutation of information in any form (text, video, graphics) into a representation unreadable by anyone without a decryption key.

Secret Key Cryptography

Involved the use of a shared key for both encryption by the transmitter and decryption by the receiver. This technique suffer from the problem of key distribution, since shared keys must be securely distributed to each pair of communicating parties.

Public Key Cryptography

Public-key techniques involve a pair of keys; a private key and a public key associated with each user. Information encrypted by the private key can be decrypted only using the corresponding public key. The private key, used to encrypt transmitted information by the user, is kept secret. The public key is used to decrypt information at the receiver and is not kept secret.

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E-Commerce Security

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




Personal Finance and Home Personal Finance and Home Banking ManagementBanking ManagementPersonal Finance and Home Personal Finance and Home Banking ManagementBanking Management

Home computer

Home computer

The Internet

Bank Server

ATM

ATM

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E-Commerce Security

Definition

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




Home ShoppingHome ShoppingHome ShoppingHome Shopping

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




Banking & Financial Payments Banking & Financial Payments Banking & Financial Payments Banking & Financial Payments

Large-scale or wholesale payments

e.g., bank-to-bank transfer

Small-scale or retail payments

e.g., automated teler machines and cash dispenser

Home Banking

e.g., bill payment

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




Retailing PaymentsRetailing PaymentsRetailing PaymentsRetailing Payments

Credit cards

e.g., VISA or MasterCard

Private label credit / debit cards

e.g., J.C. Penney Card, BCA Debit

Charge cards

e.g., American Express

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Anatomy


Consumer Oriented

Electronic Payment


Banking & Financial

Retailing

On-line E-Commerce




On-line E-Commerce Payment SystemsOn-line E-Commerce Payment SystemsOn-line E-Commerce Payment SystemsOn-line E-Commerce Payment Systems

Token-based payment systems Electronic cash (e.g., DigiCash)

Electronic checks (e.g., NetCheque)

Smart cards or debit cards (e.g., Mondex)

Credit card-based payment systems Encrypted Credit cards (e.g., WWW form-

based encryption)

Third-party authorization numbers (e.g., First Virtual)

1515Magister Manajemen Sistem InformasiMagister Manajemen Sistem Informasi

OutlineOutline

m-Commerce Overviewm-Commerce Overview

InfrastructureInfrastructure

m-Commerce Applicationsm-Commerce Applications

Mobile PaymentMobile Payment

LimitationsLimitations

Security in m-CommerceSecurity in m-Commerce


Mobile Commerce: OverviewMobile Commerce: Overview

Mobile commerce (m-Commerce, Mobile commerce (m-Commerce,

m-Business)—anym-Business)—any e-Commerce done in a e-Commerce done in a wireless environment, especially via the wireless environment, especially via the InternetInternet Can be done via the Internet, private Can be done via the Internet, private

communication lines, smart cards, etc.communication lines, smart cards, etc. Creates opportunity to deliver new services to Creates opportunity to deliver new services to

existing customers and to attract new onesexisting customers and to attract new ones


Mobile commerce from the Customer‘s Mobile commerce from the Customer‘s point of viewpoint of view

The customer wants to access information, goods The customer wants to access information, goods and services any time and in any place on his and services any time and in any place on his mobile device.mobile device.

He can use his mobile device to purchase tickets for He can use his mobile device to purchase tickets for events or public transport, pay for parking, download events or public transport, pay for parking, download content and even order books and CDs. content and even order books and CDs.

He should be offered appropriate payment methods. He should be offered appropriate payment methods. They can range from secure mobile micropayment They can range from secure mobile micropayment to service subscriptions.to service subscriptions.


Mobile commerce from the Provider‘s Mobile commerce from the Provider‘s point ofpoint of viewview

The future development of the mobile telecommunication The future development of the mobile telecommunication sector is heading more and more towards value-added sector is heading more and more towards value-added services. Analysts forecast that soon half of mobile services. Analysts forecast that soon half of mobile operators‘ revenue will be earned through mobile operators‘ revenue will be earned through mobile commerce. commerce.

Consequently operators as well as third party providers Consequently operators as well as third party providers will focus on value-added-services. To enable mobile will focus on value-added-services. To enable mobile services, providers with expertise on different sectors will services, providers with expertise on different sectors will have to cooperate.have to cooperate.

Innovative service scenarios will be needed that meet Innovative service scenarios will be needed that meet the customer‘s expectations and business models that the customer‘s expectations and business models that satisfy all partners involved.satisfy all partners involved.


m-Commerce Terminologym-Commerce Terminology

GenerationsGenerations 1G1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology: 1979-1992 wireless technology 2G2G: current wireless technology; mainly : current wireless technology; mainly

accommodates textaccommodates text 2.5G2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics: interim technology accommodates graphics 3G3G: 3: 3rdrd generation technology (2001-2005) generation technology (2001-2005)

supports rich media (video clips)supports rich media (video clips) 4G4G: will provide faster multimedia display (2006-: will provide faster multimedia display (2006-

2010)2010)


Terminology and StandardsTerminology and Standards

GPSGPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System: Satellite-based Global Positioning System

PDAPDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld : Personal Digital Assistant—handheld wireless computerwireless computer

SMSSMS: Short Message Service: Short Message Service

EMSEMS: Enhanced Messaging Service: Enhanced Messaging Service

MMSMMS: Multimedia Messaging Service: Multimedia Messaging Service

WAPWAP: Wireless Application Protocol: Wireless Application Protocol

Smart-phonesSmart-phones—Internet-enabled cell phones —Internet-enabled cell phones with attached applicationswith attached applications


Attributes of m-Commerce and Its Attributes of m-Commerce and Its Economic AdvantagesEconomic Advantages

MobilityMobility—users carry cell phones or other mobile —users carry cell phones or other mobile devicesdevices

Broad reachBroad reach—people can be reached at any time—people can be reached at any time UbiquityUbiquity—easier information access in real-time—easier information access in real-time ConvenienceConvenience—devices that store data and have —devices that store data and have

Internet, intranet, extranet connectionsInternet, intranet, extranet connections Instant connectivityInstant connectivity—easy and quick connection to —easy and quick connection to

Internet, intranets, other mobile devices, databasesInternet, intranets, other mobile devices, databases PersonalizationPersonalization—preparation of information for —preparation of information for

individual consumersindividual consumers Localization of products and servicesLocalization of products and services—knowing where —knowing where

the user is located at any given time and match service the user is located at any given time and match service to themto them


OutlineOutline

m-Commercem-Commerce







Mobile Computing InfrastructureMobile Computing Infrastructure

Screenphones—a Screenphones—a telephone equipped with telephone equipped with color screen, keyboard, e-color screen, keyboard, e-mail, and Internet mail, and Internet capabilitiescapabilities

E-mail handheldsE-mail handhelds

Wirelined—connected by Wirelined—connected by wires to a networkwires to a network

Cellular (mobile) phonesCellular (mobile) phones

Attachable keyboardAttachable keyboard

PDAsPDAs

Interactive pagersInteractive pagers

Other devicesOther devices NotebooksNotebooks HandheldsHandhelds SmartpadsSmartpads

Hardware


Mobile Computing InfrastructureMobile Computing Infrastructure(cont.)(cont.)

Unseen infrastructure requirementsUnseen infrastructure requirements Suitably configured wireline or wireless WAN Suitably configured wireline or wireless WAN

modemmodem Web server with wireless supportWeb server with wireless support Application or database serverApplication or database server Large enterprise application serverLarge enterprise application server GPS locator used to determine the location of GPS locator used to determine the location of

mobile computing device carriermobile computing device carrier


Mobile Computing Infrastructure Mobile Computing Infrastructure (cont.)(cont.)

SoftwareSoftware Micro browserMicro browser Mobile client operating system (OS)Mobile client operating system (OS) Bluetooth—a chip technology and WPAN standard Bluetooth—a chip technology and WPAN standard

that enables voice and data communications between that enables voice and data communications between wireless devices over short-range radio frequency wireless devices over short-range radio frequency (RF)(RF)

Mobile application user interfaceMobile application user interface Back-end legacy application softwareBack-end legacy application software Application middlewareApplication middleware Wireless middlewareWireless middleware


Mobile Computing Infrastructure Mobile Computing Infrastructure (cont.)(cont.)

Networks and accessNetworks and access Wireless transmission mediaWireless transmission media

MicrowaveMicrowave

SatellitesSatellites

RadioRadio

InfraredInfrared

Cellular radio technologyCellular radio technology Wireless systemsWireless systems


OutlineOutline








Mobile Service ScenariosMobile Service Scenarios

Financial Services.Financial Services.Entertainment.Entertainment.Shopping.Shopping.Information Services.Information Services.Payment.Payment.Advertising.Advertising.And more ...And more ...


Early content and applications have all been geared around information Early content and applications have all been geared around information delivery but as time moves on the accent will be on revenue delivery but as time moves on the accent will be on revenue

generation.generation.

m-Commerce

Entertainment• Music• Games• Graphics• Video

Communications• Short Messaging• Multimedia Messaging• Unified Messaging• e-mail• Chat rooms• Video - conferencing

Transactions• Banking• Broking• Shopping• Auctions• Betting• Booking &

reservations• Mobile wallet• Mobile purse

Information• News• City guides• Directory Services• Maps• Traffic and weather• Corporate information• Market data


Classes of M-Commerce ApplicationsClasses of M-Commerce Applications


Mobile Application: Financial ToolMobile Application: Financial Tool

As mobile devices become more secureAs mobile devices become more secureMobile bankingMobile banking

Bill payment servicesBill payment services

m-Brokerage servicesm-Brokerage services

Mobile money transfersMobile money transfers

Mobile micro paymentsMobile micro payments

Replace ATM’s and credit cards??Replace ATM’s and credit cards??


Financial Tool: Financial Tool: Wireless Electronic Payment SystemsWireless Electronic Payment Systems

““transform mobile phones into secure, transform mobile phones into secure, self-contained purchasing tools capable self-contained purchasing tools capable of instantly authorizing payments…”of instantly authorizing payments…”

Types:Types: Micro paymentsMicro payments Wireless wallets (m-Wallet)Wireless wallets (m-Wallet) Bill paymentsBill payments


ExamplesExamples

Swedish Postal BankSwedish Postal Bank Check Balances/Make Payments & Conduct Check Balances/Make Payments & Conduct

some transactionssome transactions

Dagens IndustriDagens Industri Receive Financial Data and Trade on Receive Financial Data and Trade on

Stockholm ExchangeStockholm Exchange

CitibankCitibank Access balances, pay bills & transfer funds Access balances, pay bills & transfer funds

using SMSusing SMS


Mobile Applications : Marketing, Mobile Applications : Marketing, Advertising, And Customer ServiceAdvertising, And Customer Service

Shopping from Wireless DevicesShopping from Wireless Devices Have access to services similar to those of Have access to services similar to those of

wireline shopperswireline shoppersShopping cartsShopping carts

Price comparisonsPrice comparisons

Order statusOrder status FutureFuture

Will be able to view and purchase products using Will be able to view and purchase products using handheld mobile deviceshandheld mobile devices



Targeted AdvertisingTargeted Advertising Using demographic information can Using demographic information can

personalize wireless services personalize wireless services (barnesandnoble.com)(barnesandnoble.com)

Knowing users’ preferences and surfing Knowing users’ preferences and surfing habits marketers can send:habits marketers can send:

User-specific advertising messagesUser-specific advertising messages

Location-specific advertising messagesLocation-specific advertising messages



CRM applicationsCRM applications MobileCRMMobileCRM Comparison shopping using Internet capable Comparison shopping using Internet capable

phonesphones Voice PortalsVoice Portals

Enhanced customer service improved access to Enhanced customer service improved access to data for employeesdata for employees


Mobile PortalsMobile Portals

““A customer interaction channel that A customer interaction channel that aggregates content and services for aggregates content and services for mobile users.”mobile users.” Charge per time for service or subscription Charge per time for service or subscription

basedbasedExample: I-Mode in JapanExample: I-Mode in Japan

Mobile corporate portalMobile corporate portalServes corporations customers and suppliersServes corporations customers and suppliers


Mobile Intrabusiness and Enterprise Mobile Intrabusiness and Enterprise ApplicationsApplications

Support of Mobile EmployeesSupport of Mobile Employees

by 2005 25% of all workers could be mobile by 2005 25% of all workers could be mobile employeesemployees

sales people in the field, traveling executives, sales people in the field, traveling executives, telecommuters, consultants working on-site, telecommuters, consultants working on-site, repair or installation employeesrepair or installation employees

need same corporate data as those working need same corporate data as those working inside company’s officesinside company’s offices

solution: wireless devicessolution: wireless devices

wearable devices: cameras, screen, wearable devices: cameras, screen, keyboard, touch-panel displaykeyboard, touch-panel display


Mobile B2B and Supply Chain Mobile B2B and Supply Chain ApplicationsApplications

““mobile computing solutions enable organizations to mobile computing solutions enable organizations to respond faster to supply chain disruptions by proactively respond faster to supply chain disruptions by proactively adjusting plans or shifting resources related to critical supply adjusting plans or shifting resources related to critical supply chain events as they occur.”chain events as they occur.” accurate and timely informationaccurate and timely information opportunity to collaborate along supply chainopportunity to collaborate along supply chain must integrate mobile devices into information exchangesmust integrate mobile devices into information exchanges example: “telemetry” integration of wireless example: “telemetry” integration of wireless

communications, vehicle monitoring systems, and vehicle communications, vehicle monitoring systems, and vehicle location deviceslocation devices

leads to reduced overhead and faster service leads to reduced overhead and faster service responsiveness (vending machines)responsiveness (vending machines)


Applications of Mobile Devices for Applications of Mobile Devices for Consumers/IndustriesConsumers/Industries

Personal Service ApplicationsPersonal Service Applications example airportexample airportMobile Gaming and GamblingMobile Gaming and GamblingMobile EntertainmentMobile Entertainment music and videomusic and videoHotelsHotelsIntelligent Homes and AppliancesIntelligent Homes and AppliancesWireless TelemedicineWireless TelemedicineOther Services for ConsumersOther Services for Consumers


OutlineOutline








Mobile Payment for m-CommerceMobile Payment for m-Commerce

Mobile Payment can be offered as a stand-alone Mobile Payment can be offered as a stand-alone service.service.

Mobile Payment could also be an important Mobile Payment could also be an important enabling service for other m-commerce services enabling service for other m-commerce services (e.g. mobile ticketing, shopping, gambling…) : (e.g. mobile ticketing, shopping, gambling…) :

It could improve user acceptance by making the It could improve user acceptance by making the services more secure and user-friendly. services more secure and user-friendly.

In many cases offering mobile payment methods is the In many cases offering mobile payment methods is the only chance the service providers have to gain revenue only chance the service providers have to gain revenue from an m-Commerce service.from an m-Commerce service.


Mobile Payment (cont.)Mobile Payment (cont.)

the consumer must be informed of: what is being bought, and how much to pay options to pay;

the payment must be made

payments must be traceable.


Mobile Payment (cont.)Mobile Payment (cont.)

Customer requirementsCustomer requirements:: a larger selection of merchants with whom they a larger selection of merchants with whom they

can tradecan trade a more consistent payment interface when a more consistent payment interface when

making the purchase with multiple payment making the purchase with multiple payment schemes, like:schemes, like:

• Credit Card paymentCredit Card payment• Bank Account/Debit Card Payment Bank Account/Debit Card Payment

Merchant benefits:Merchant benefits:• brands to offer a wider variety of paymentbrands to offer a wider variety of payment• Easy-to-use payment interface developmentEasy-to-use payment interface development

Bank and financial institution benefitsBank and financial institution benefits• to offer a consistent payment interface to to offer a consistent payment interface to

consumer and merchantsconsumer and merchants


Payment via Internet Payment ProviderPayment via Internet Payment Provider

WAP GW/Proxy

SSL tunnel

Mobile e-Payment Server

GSM Security

SMS-C

User

Browsing (negotiation)

Merchant

Mobile Wallet

CC/Bank

IPP


Payment via Integrated Payment ServerPayment via Integrated Payment Server

WAP GW/Proxy

ISO8583 BasedCP

Mobile CommerceServer

GSM Security

SMS-C

User

Browsing (negotiation)

CC/Bank

Merchant

Mobile WalletVoice Pre-Paid

VPP IF

SSL tunnel


OutlineOutline








Limitations of m-CommerceLimitations of m-Commerce

Usability ProblemUsability Problemsmall size of mobile devices (screens, small size of mobile devices (screens, keyboards, etc)keyboards, etc)

limited storage capacity of deviceslimited storage capacity of devices

hard to browse siteshard to browse sites

Technical LimitationsTechnical Limitationslack of a standardized security protocollack of a standardized security protocol

insufficient bandwidthinsufficient bandwidth

3G licenses3G licenses


Limitations of m-CommerceLimitations of m-Commerce

Technical Limitations…Technical Limitations…transmission and power consumption limitationstransmission and power consumption limitations

poor reception in tunnels and certain buildingspoor reception in tunnels and certain buildings multi-path interference, weather, and terrain problems multi-path interference, weather, and terrain problems

and distance-limited connectionsand distance-limited connections

WAP LimitationsWAP LimitationsSpeedSpeed

CostCost

AccessibilityAccessibility


Limiting Technological FactorsLimiting Technological Factors

Mobile Devices•Battery•Memory•CPU•Display Size

Networks•Bandwidth•Interoperability•Cell Range•Roaming

Localization•Upgrade of Network•Upgrade of Mobile Devices•Precision

Mobile Middleware•Standards•Distribution

Security•Mobile Device•Network•Gateway


Potential Health HazardsPotential Health Hazards

Cellular radio signals = cancer?Cellular radio signals = cancer? No conclusive evidence yetNo conclusive evidence yet could allow for myriad of lawsuitscould allow for myriad of lawsuits mobile devices may interfere with sensitive mobile devices may interfere with sensitive

medical devices such as pacemakersmedical devices such as pacemakers


OutlineOutline








Security in m-Commerce: Security in m-Commerce: EnvironmentEnvironment

Operator centric modelOperator centric model

CA

Bank (FI)

Merchant

ContentAggregation

Internet

SAT GW

WAP GW

MobileNetwork

Mobile Bank

WAP1.1 (+SIM where avail.)

WAP1.2(WIM)

(SIM)

Security andSecurity andPaymentPayment

Mobile e-CommerceMobile e-CommerceServerServer

Mobile IP

Service ProviderNetwork


WAP ArchitectureWAP Architecture

Web Server

Content

CGIScripts

etc.

WM

L D

ecks

wit

h W

ML

-Scr

ipt

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP


Comparison between Internet and Comparison between Internet and WAP TechnologiesWAP Technologies

HTMLJavaScript

HTTP

TLS - SSL

TCP/IPUDP/IP

Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE)

Session Layer (WSP)

Security Layer (WTLS)

Transport Layer (WDP)

Other Services andApplications

Transaction Layer (WTP)

SMS USSD CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC-P Etc..

Bearers:


WAP RisksWAP Risks

WAP GapWAP Gap Claim:Claim: WTLS protects WAP as SSL protects WTLS protects WAP as SSL protects

HTTPHTTP Problem:Problem: In the process of translating one In the process of translating one

protocol to another, information is decrypted protocol to another, information is decrypted and re-encryptedand re-encrypted

Solution:Solution: Doing decryption/re-encryption in Doing decryption/re-encryption in the same process on the WAP gatewaythe same process on the WAP gateway

Wireless gateways as single point of Wireless gateways as single point of failure failure


Platform RisksPlatform Risks

Without a secure OS, achieving security on Without a secure OS, achieving security on mobile devices is almost impossiblemobile devices is almost impossible

Learned lessons:Learned lessons: Memory protection of processesMemory protection of processes Protected kernel ringsProtected kernel rings File access controlFile access control Authentication of principles to resourcesAuthentication of principles to resources Differentiated user and process privilegesDifferentiated user and process privileges Sandboxes for untrusted codeSandboxes for untrusted code Biometric authentication Biometric authentication


WMLScriptWMLScript

Scripting is heavily used for client-side processing to offload servers and reduce demand on bandwidth

Wireless Markup Language (WML) is the equivalent to HTML, but derived from XML

WMLScript is WAP’s equivalent to JavaScript Derived from JavaScript™


WMLScript (cont.)WMLScript (cont.)

Integrated with WML Reduces network traffic

Has procedural logic, loops, conditionals, etc

Optimized for small-memory, small-CPU devices

Bytecode-based virtual machine

Compiler in network

Works with Wireless Telephony Application (WTA) to provide telephony functions


Risks of WMLScript

• Lack of Security Model Lack of Security Model

• Does not differentiate trusted local code from untrusted code Does not differentiate trusted local code from untrusted code downloaded from the Internet. So, there is no access control!!downloaded from the Internet. So, there is no access control!!

• WML Script is not type-safe.WML Script is not type-safe.

• Scripts can be scheduled to be pushed to the client device without Scripts can be scheduled to be pushed to the client device without the user’s knowledgethe user’s knowledge

• Does not prevent access to persistent storageDoes not prevent access to persistent storage

• Possible attacks:Possible attacks:

• Theft or damage of personal informationTheft or damage of personal information

• Abusing user’s authentication informationAbusing user’s authentication information

• Maliciously offloading money saved on smart cardsMaliciously offloading money saved on smart cards


BluetoothBluetooth

Bluetooth is the codename for a small, low-cost, short range Bluetooth is the codename for a small, low-cost, short range wireless technology specification wireless technology specification

Enables users to connect a wide range of computing and Enables users to connect a wide range of computing and telecommunication devices easily and simply, without the telecommunication devices easily and simply, without the need to buy, carry, or connect cables.need to buy, carry, or connect cables.

Bluetooth enables mobile phones, computers and PDAs to Bluetooth enables mobile phones, computers and PDAs to connect with each other using short-range radio waves, connect with each other using short-range radio waves, allowing them to "talk" to each otherallowing them to "talk" to each other

It is also cheapIt is also cheap


Bluetooth SecurityBluetooth Security

Bluetooth provides security between any two Bluetooth devices for user protection and secrecy

mutual and unidirectional authentication encrypts data between two devices Session key generation

• configurable encryption key length• keys can be changed at any time during a connection

Authorization (whether device X is allowed to have access service Y)

• Trusted Device: The device has been previously authenticated, a link key is stored and the device is marked as “trusted” in the Device Database.

• Untrusted Device: The device has been previously authenticated, link key is stored but the device is not marked as “trusted” in the Device Database

• Unknown Device: No security information is available for this device. This is also an untrusted device.

automatic output power adaptation to reduce the range exactly to requirement, makes the system extremely difficult to eavesdrop


New Security Risks in m-CommerceNew Security Risks in m-Commerce

• Abuse of cooperative nature of ad-hoc networksAbuse of cooperative nature of ad-hoc networks

• An adversary that compromises one node can An adversary that compromises one node can disseminate false routing information.disseminate false routing information.

• Malicious domainsMalicious domains

• A single malicious domain can compromise devices by A single malicious domain can compromise devices by downloading malicious codedownloading malicious code

• Roaming (are you going to the bad guys ?)Roaming (are you going to the bad guys ?)

• Users roam among non-trustworthy domainsUsers roam among non-trustworthy domains


New Security Risks (cont.)New Security Risks (cont.)

• Launching attacks from mobile devicesLaunching attacks from mobile devices

• With mobility, it is difficult to identify attackersWith mobility, it is difficult to identify attackers

• Loss or theft of deviceLoss or theft of device

• More private information than desktop computersMore private information than desktop computers

• Security keys might have been saved on the deviceSecurity keys might have been saved on the device

• Access to corporate systemsAccess to corporate systems

• BluetoothBluetooth provides security at the lower layers only: a provides security at the lower layers only: a stolen device can still be trustedstolen device can still be trusted


New Security Risks (cont.)New Security Risks (cont.)

• Problems with Wireless Transport Layer Security Problems with Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) protocol(WTLS) protocol

• Security Classes:Security Classes:

• No certificatesNo certificates

• Server only certificate (Server only certificate (Most CommonMost Common))

• Server and client CertificatesServer and client Certificates

• Re-establishing connection without re-authenticationRe-establishing connection without re-authentication

• Requests can be redirected to malicious sitesRequests can be redirected to malicious sites


New Privacy RisksNew Privacy Risks

• Monitoring user’s private informationMonitoring user’s private information

• Offline telemarketingOffline telemarketing

• Who is going to read the “legal jargon”Who is going to read the “legal jargon”

• Value added services based on location awareness Value added services based on location awareness (Location-Based Services)(Location-Based Services)

magister manajemen sistem informasi 0 electronic commerce and mobile commerce dr. tb. maulana kusuma...

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