magnetic amplifier-based power flow control technology · 2014-03-07 · • simple, reliable, and...
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Magnetic Amplifier-based Power Flow Control Technology
A Hybrid Approach to Power Flow Control
Aleksandar Dimitrovski
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Why Power Flow Control?2
• In 2008, transmission congestion costs the EI grid around $8 billion, about $40 per person.
• Only 50% of the over 300,000 miles transmission lines in U.S. have been utilized at any given time.
• The median cost for adding new transmission capacity to accommodate the new wind generation is about $300/kW, exceeding the cost of the most expensive FACTS devices.
• Better power flow control can boost the transfer capacity of transmission line up to 2-3 times of the uncontrolled case.
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Generations of FACTS3
1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation
Typical Devices SVC, TSC, TSR TCSC, STATCOM, SSSC UPFC, IPFC
Functionality
Reactive power compensation,voltage regulation, little dynamic & transient capability
Real & Reactive power compensation,voltage/current regulation, oscillation damping, limited dynamic & transient capability
Full power control, voltage/current control, oscillation damping, fault current limiting, full dynamic & transient capability
Control Type On/Off or Discrete Continuous Continuous
Current Cost ($/kVA) 15-25 50-100 100-300
SVC - Static VAR compensator, TSC - Thyristor switched capacitor, TSR - Thyristor switched reactor, TCSC - Thyristor controlled series capacitor, STATCOM - Static synchronous compensator, SSSC - Static synchronous series compensator, UPFC - Unified power flow controller, IPFC - Interline power flow controller.
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Project Objectives4
• Simple, reliable, and efficient power flow control device that is cost-effective for system-wide deployment and full control of the power grid
• Based on a special magnetic amplifier design with:– power electronics isolated form the high voltage
current and power flow– low power dc source without need for super-
conductive windings and cryogenic equipment– smooth reactance regulation– minimized harmonics
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24.9 Ω (66 mH)
Series Reactor Controlled Flow
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14.8 Ω (39 mH)
Variable Reactor Provides Flexibility
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Maximum Reactance
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Minimum Reactance
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DC Power Supply and Control
3Φ Mag Amp
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MAPFC in Service at ORNL’s μGrid
480 V, 200 Aac, 150 Adc
H-bridge inverter and DSP-based control system
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Device Performance10
Transient response
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0 50 100 150 200
(Ω)
bias current (A)
120 A
24 A
60 A
Reactance
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Inter-area oscillation simulation of Kundur’s two-area system:
Rotor angle stability
Use in Transient Conditions
A single MAPFC performs better than two PSSs
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Field Demonstration12
115 kV, 1500 A unit under construction
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Conclusions• Magnetic amplifier concept for continuous power
flow control
• Combination of familiar and proven with modern technologies
• Cost-effective for system-wide deployment and comprehensive grid control
• Potentially a versatile control tool for other applications
• Straightforward path to commercialization
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