MAGNETIZATIONWhat it is? How is it applied in everyday

life!

Magnetization can simply be defined as a process that makes a substance magnetic (temporary or permanent).

It can also be considered the physical property of being magnetic.

What is magnetization?

A magnet is an object made of certain materials which create a magnetic field. 

Every magnet has at least one north pole and one south pole.

By convention, we say that the magnetic field lines leave the North end of a magnet and enter the South end of a magnet. 

What are magnets?

What are magnets?

A magnetic field is an invisible field which exerts magnetic force on substances which are sensitive to magnetism.

What is a magnetic field?

Magnetic fields used have a wide range of uses, namely:

- used in navigation, ships can orient themselves with the assistance of the Earth's magnetic field- magnetic fields can be used to gather information about a location or object

- medicine has a use for magnetic fields, in things like diagnostic machines such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) equipment.

Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A magnetic force is when a magnetized piece of either iron, steel, nickel or cobalt comes close to either an other magnet or a demagnetized piece of iron, steel, nickel or cobalt. This is measured in Newton.

What is a magnetic force?

Magnetic Flux is a measure of quantity of magnetism, taking into account the strength and the extent of a magnetic field.

Magnetic Flux

Material required: - Battery - insulated copper wire - light bulb

Building a simple circuit

Batteries- Batteries are assembled from cells, connected

in series, to increase the voltage available. In a cell, chemical energy is converted into

electrical energy.  Cells may be either PRIMARY or SECONDARY

types. A primary cell is discarded when its chemical

energy is exhausted. A secondary cell can be recharged

Building a simple circuit

Building a simple circuit- Battery

What is an electric current?- An electric current is a flow of microscopic

particles called ELECTRONS flowing through wires and electronic components.

What is an electron?- The electron is a subatomic particle that

carries a negative electric charge. It has no known substructure and is believed to be a point particle.

Building a simple circuit

A basic law of the universe is that like charges repel and unlike attract. Two negatives will repel each other. A negative and a positive will attract each other.

An electron has a negative charge.  The negative (-ve) terminal of a battery will

push negative electrons along a wire. The positive (+ve) terminal of a battery will

attract negative electrons along a wire.

Building a simple circuit

Electric current will therefore flow from the negative (-ve) terminal of a battery, through the lamp, to the positive terminal.

Building a simple circuit

Building a simple circuit

Circuit- a closed loop of conductors through which charges can flow

Conductor- a substance through which electrical charges can easily flow

Current- a flow of electrical charges Generator- a device for producing electrical

current by moving a coil of wire in a magnetic field

Insulator- a material through which electric charges cannot move

Simple definitions

Ion- an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and is thus a charged particle

Switch- a device that closes or opens a circuit, thereby allowing or preventing current flow

Voltage- the pressure behind the flow of electrons in a circuit

Simple definitions

A simple generator can be constructed from everyday materials that can be found around the house.

This is a very fun and exciting way to understand how the generator works and the significance of the different parts used in construction.

Construction of a simple generator

Parts list: 4 - 1x2x5cm ceramic magnet 1 - #30 Magnet wire 200ft 1 - Miniature Lamp, 1.5V 25mA 1 - Cardboard strip, 8cm x 30.4cm 1 - Large nail, 8cm long or more Misc. - Knife or sandpaper to strip the wires Misc. - tape to hold wire down

Construction of a simple generator

First make the hollow-ended box. Score the cardboard strip like so:

Construction of a simple generator

Fold it like this and tape securely:

Construction of a simple generator

Use the nail to poke a hole perfectly straight through the center of the box, going through both sides and all three layer of cardboard. Then pull the nail out and use it to widen all the holes slightly, so when you put the nail back through, it will be a bit loose and able to spin.

Construction of a simple generator

At this point you should clamp your four magnets around the nail and give it a spin. This makes sure the box is large enough. The nail and magnets should spin freely. The corners of the magnets should NOT bump the inside of the box as they spin.

If the box is a bit too small, start over and make it a little bigger. Either that, or try a thinner nail. (Also, be sure to use the right magnets. Small ones won't work.)

Construction of a simple generator

Pick the spool of number-30 magnet wire from the kit of spools. This is the thinnest. Tape one end of the number-30 magnet wire to the side of the box, then wind all of the wire onto the box as shown. It's OK to cover up the nail hole. Pull the taped end of the wire out, then tape down both of the wires so the coil doesn't unwind. You should have about 10cm of wire left sticking out.

Construction of a simple generator

Construction of a simple generator

Use sandpaper or the edge of a knife to scrape the thin plastic coating off 2cm of the wire ends. Remove every bit of red coating so the wire ends are coppery.

Construction of a simple generator

Spread the wire away from the nail hole and tape it in place.

Stick the nail back through the holes and make sure it can spin.

Take your four magnets; stick them face to face in two pairs. Then stick the two pairs inside the box and on either side of the nail so they grab the nail.

Push them around until they are some-what balanced and even, then spin the nail and see if they turn freely.

If you wish, you can stick 2cm squares of cardboard between the magnets to straighten them, and tape the magnets so they don't move around on the nail.

Construction of a simple generator

Construction of a simple generator

Twist the scraped end of each generator wire securely around the silver tip of each wire from the small light bulb.

(If necessary, use a knife to strip more plastic from the ends of the light bulb wires.)

One generator wire goes to one light bulb wire, the other generator wire goes to the other light bulb wire, and the two twisted wire connections should not touch together. In the twisted wires, metal must touch metal with no plastic in between.

Construction of a simple generator

Construction of a simple generator

Spin the magnet REALLY fast and the bulb will light dimly.

If it doesn't work, try spinning it in a dark room so you don't miss the dim glow.

If needed, adjust the position of the magnets so they don't hit or scrape the cardboard. This thing has to spin *fast*, and if the magnets whack the cardboard and slow down, you won't see any light.

Spin it faster than eight revs per second.

Testing of Simple Generator

Testing of Simple Generator

Physics plays an important role in our everyday lives.

Hope you had fun. Remember always practice safety!!!!

Conclusion