Maha Ashour-AbdallaMaha Ashour-AbdallaInstitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, and Department of Physics and Astronomy,and Department of Physics and Astronomy,

University of California at Los AngelesUniversity of California at Los Angeles

Roger Gendrin's Everlasting Roger Gendrin's Everlasting Impact on the Study of Impact on the Study of

Wave Particle InteractionsWave Particle Interactions

2008 Roger Gendrin Memorial

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial PhysicsJournal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, , 1968,1968, Vol.30Vol.30, pp. 1313-1330, pp. 1313-1330

GendrinGendrin, 1968, 1968

Alain RouxAlain Roux

Jacques SolomonJacques Solomon

Alain and Jacques were in London 1970 Alain and Jacques were in London 1970 ……

… … I met Roger in 1971 …I met Roger in 1971 …

… … and joined Roger’s group at CNET in 1972and joined Roger’s group at CNET in 1972

N. Cornilleau, J. Solomon, S. PerraultN. Cornilleau, J. Solomon, S. Perrault

R. Gendrin, A. Meyer, R. Riguet, J. EtchetoR. Gendrin, A. Meyer, R. Riguet, J. Etcheto

in Kerguelen Islandsin Kerguelen Islands

Roger’s group …Roger’s group …

Georges LaurentGeorges Laurent

S300 Electromagnetic studyS300 Electromagnetic study PI: R. Gendrin, On-board experimentsPI: R. Gendrin, On-board experiments

The general aim of S300 experiment is to study electromagnetic waves The general aim of S300 experiment is to study electromagnetic waves in a frequency range a few hundredths of Hz up to 77 kHz (for electric in a frequency range a few hundredths of Hz up to 77 kHz (for electric fields) and 10 kHz (for magnetic fields). In addition, the parameters of fields) and 10 kHz (for magnetic fields). In addition, the parameters of local plasma will be measured through a study of its resonances by local plasma will be measured through a study of its resonances by transmitting and receiving waves in the same frequency range.transmitting and receiving waves in the same frequency range.

D. Jones,D. Jones,Introduction to the S-300 wave experiment onboard GEOS Introduction to the S-300 wave experiment onboard GEOS Space Science Reviews, 22Space Science Reviews, 22, 327-332, 1978., 327-332, 1978.

GEOSGEOSGeostationary European Orbiting SatelliteGeostationary European Orbiting Satellite

GEOSGEOS: The first Geostationary European Satellite…: The first Geostationary European Satellite…

GEOSGEOSGeostationary European Orbiting SatelliteGeostationary European Orbiting Satellite

In the 1970’s Roger played a key role in the GEOS In the 1970’s Roger played a key role in the GEOS spacecraft by taking the lead of the wave consortium.spacecraft by taking the lead of the wave consortium.

GEOS-1GEOS-1:: Launched on 20 April 1977 (lasted until 23 June 1978). Launched on 20 April 1977 (lasted until 23 June 1978). Apogee & Perigee: 38000 km and 2050 km.Apogee & Perigee: 38000 km and 2050 km.

GEOS-2GEOS-2: : Launched on 14 July 1978 (lasted until January 1983).Launched on 14 July 1978 (lasted until January 1983). Geostationary orbit.Geostationary orbit.

GEOS-2 GEOS-2 launched on July 14, launched on July 14,

19781978

Roux et alRoux et al., 1982., 1982

GEOS Discovery of HeGEOS Discovery of He++

Inspired two fundamental questions:Inspired two fundamental questions:

1) How the wave dispersion relation is affected by the 1) How the wave dispersion relation is affected by the presence of Helium?presence of Helium?

include heavy ions, e.g., Heinclude heavy ions, e.g., He++ into the linear into the linear dispersion relationdispersion relation

2) How do the observed waves affect the helium in terms of 2) How do the observed waves affect the helium in terms of acceleration and heating?acceleration and heating?

carry out non-linear study, i.e., simulationscarry out non-linear study, i.e., simulations

Linear Dispersion Relation with HeLinear Dispersion Relation with He++

Gendrin et alGendrin et al., 1984., 1984

R. Gendrin, B. Lembege, J. Dawson, J. BrackbillR. Gendrin, B. Lembege, J. Dawson, J. Brackbill

Omura, Ashour-Abdalla, Gendrin and QuestOmura, Ashour-Abdalla, Gendrin and Quest, 1985, 1985

Heating of Thermal HeHeating of Thermal He++: A Simulation Study: A Simulation Study

Y. OmuraY. Omura

Heating of Thermal HeHeating of Thermal He++: A Simulation Study: A Simulation Study

Omura, Ashour-Abdalla, Gendrin and QuestOmura, Ashour-Abdalla, Gendrin and Quest, 1985, 1985

Journal of Geophysical ResearchJournal of Geophysical Research, , 1985,1985, Vol.91, No. A4Vol.91, No. A4, pp. 4593, pp. 4593

"Once we set out on a voyage in the ocean, we never "Once we set out on a voyage in the ocean, we never change the name of the ship"change the name of the ship" (Roger Gendrin, in response to a Yoshi Omura’s request the (Roger Gendrin, in response to a Yoshi Omura’s request the order of the authors for this Reply be changed)norder of the authors for this Reply be changed)n

Viking was launched February 22, 1986Viking was launched February 22, 1986

It investigated plasma processes in the auroral zone and It investigated plasma processes in the auroral zone and high altitude ionosphere.high altitude ionosphere.

Freja was launched October 6, 1992Freja was launched October 6, 1992

Freja was designed to image the aurora and Freja was designed to image the aurora and measure particles and fields in the upper measure particles and fields in the upper ionosphere.ionosphere.

Galileo was launched on October 18, 1989 Galileo was launched on October 18, 1989 and was the first orbiter of Jupiterand was the first orbiter of Jupiter

It studied the atmosphere of Jupiter, its moons, and their It studied the atmosphere of Jupiter, its moons, and their interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere.interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere.

Ulysses was launched on October 6, 1990Ulysses was launched on October 6, 1990

Its primary mission is to study the Sun and its heliosphere.Its primary mission is to study the Sun and its heliosphere.

Launched on October 15, 1997, Cassini-Huygens Launched on October 15, 1997, Cassini-Huygens entered into orbit around Saturn on July 1, 2004entered into orbit around Saturn on July 1, 2004

Cassini-Huygens is a NASA-ESA collaboration to study Cassini-Huygens is a NASA-ESA collaboration to study Saturn and its moons, in particular Titan.Saturn and its moons, in particular Titan.

The Cluster spacecraft were launched in 2000The Cluster spacecraft were launched in 2000

The four spacecraft are providing a detailed three-dimensional The four spacecraft are providing a detailed three-dimensional map of the magnetosphere.map of the magnetosphere.

E fieldE field

B fieldB field

IonIonenergyenergy

Ion Ion distributionsdistributions

Cluster-1 Observations of Waves and IonsCluster-1 Observations of Waves and Ions

February 14, 2001February 14, 2001

5000

1 104

1.5 104

2 104

2.5 104

3 104

3.5 104

4 104

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 1 104 1.2 104 1.4 104 1.6 104

Ele

ctro

stat

ic F

ield

Ene

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SIMULATION

Comparison of simulated wave power Comparison of simulated wave power spectra with observed wavesspectra with observed waves

Electrostatic WaveElectrostatic WaveEnergy Time HistoryEnergy Time History

Simulated and Observed Simulated and Observed Wave SpectrumWave Spectrum

Strong wave growth occurs withStrong wave growth occurs withsaturation at about 8000 saturation at about 8000 pepett

SIMULATION

STAFF OBSERVATIONS

New Paradigm for Studying New Paradigm for Studying Wave-Particle InteractionsWave-Particle Interactions

ObservationsObservations

AnalyticalAnalyticalTheoryTheorySimulationsSimulations

Identify Scientific QuestionIdentify Scientific Question

Study Linear Study Linear Plasma Properties with Plasma Properties with Observed ParametersObserved Parameters

Study Non-Linear Study Non-Linear Properties of the Properties of the

PlasmaPlasma

Gendrin, R., (1975), Waves and wave-particle Gendrin, R., (1975), Waves and wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere: A review, interactions in the magnetosphere: A review, Space Space Science Reviews,18, 2,Science Reviews,18, 2, 145. 145.

Gendrin, R. (1981), General relationships between wave Gendrin, R. (1981), General relationships between wave amplification and particle diffusion in a magnetoplasma, amplification and particle diffusion in a magnetoplasma, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 19, 1,Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 19, 1, 171. 171.

Gendrin, R. (1983), Wave particle interactions as an Gendrin, R. (1983), Wave particle interactions as an energy transfer mechanism between different particle energy transfer mechanism between different particle species, species, Space Science Reviews, 34, 3, Space Science Reviews, 34, 3, 271.271.

Gendrin, R. (1985), Consequences of hydromagnetic Gendrin, R. (1985), Consequences of hydromagnetic waves on magnetospheric particle dynamics, waves on magnetospheric particle dynamics, Space Space Science Reviews, 42, 3-4,Science Reviews, 42, 3-4, 515. 515.

Review PapersReview Papers

Birth of International School of Space Simulations

In 1981, Roger Gendrin, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Tetsuya Sato and Myself realized the importance of numerical simulations for space physics

Birth of International School of Space SimulationsBirth of International School of Space Simulations

Roger Gendrin suggested that Roger Gendrin suggested that a school be formed to teach a school be formed to teach young space physicists the art young space physicists the art of plasma simulationsof plasma simulations

We agreed that such a school We agreed that such a school should include intensive should include intensive tutorials and present the latest tutorials and present the latest breakthroughs in the field of breakthroughs in the field of numerical simulations and numerical simulations and space observationsspace observations

The school should be international The school should be international (France, Japan, USA)(France, Japan, USA)

Kauai, 1985Kauai, 1985

ISSS-1ISSS-1Kyoto, 1982Kyoto, 1982

ISSS-2ISSS-2Kauai, 1985Kauai, 1985

ISSS-3ISSS-3La Londe-les-Maures, 1987La Londe-les-Maures, 1987

ISSS-3ISSS-3 Beaulieu sur Mer, 1987 Beaulieu sur Mer, 1987

……to the most recent ISSS-8 (Kauai, 2007)to the most recent ISSS-8 (Kauai, 2007)

…… and after 26 years the School continues with ISSS-9 to be and after 26 years the School continues with ISSS-9 to be held in July 2009 in Versailles. held in July 2009 in Versailles.

Gerard ChanteurPatrick Canu

Nicole Cornilleau

Jacqueline Etcheto

Herve de FeraudyBertrand de la Porte

Claude de Villedary

Nicole Dupin

Bernard Higel

Bertrand Lembege

Alain Meyer

Gerard Belmont

Roger Riguet

Sylvaine Perraut

Patrick Robert

Jacques Solomon

Alain Roux

Georges Laurent

Jean Berchem

Alain Hilgerts Fabrice Mottez

Maha Ashour-Abdalla

Laurence Rezeau

Philippe Louarn

Kuni Kodera

Philippe Savoini

The five space probes comprising the THEMIS The five space probes comprising the THEMIS mission were launched on mission were launched on FebruaryFebruary 17, 2007 17, 2007

Its primary mission is to establish Its primary mission is to establish where in Earth's magnetospherewhere in Earth's magnetospheresubstorms originate.substorms originate.

Search Coil Magnetometer (SCM)Search Coil Magnetometer (SCM)

N. Cornilleau, J. Solomon, S. PerraultN. Cornilleau, J. Solomon, S. Perrault

R. Gendrin, B. de la Porte, R. Riguet, J. EtchetoR. Gendrin, B. de la Porte, R. Riguet, J. Etcheto

in Kerguelen Islandsin Kerguelen Islands

Roger’s group …Roger’s group …

Journal of Geophysical ResearchJournal of Geophysical Research, , 1985,1985, Vol.91, No. A4Vol.91, No. A4, pp. 4593, pp. 4593

"Once we set out on a voyage in the ocean, we never "Once we set out on a voyage in the ocean, we never change the name of the ship" (Roger Gendrin)change the name of the ship" (Roger Gendrin)

Journal of Geophysical ResearchJournal of Geophysical Research, , 1985,1985, Vol.91, No. A4Vol.91, No. A4, pp. 4593, pp. 4593

"Once we set out on a voyage in the ocean, we never "Once we set out on a voyage in the ocean, we never change the name of the ship"change the name of the ship" (Roger Gendrin, in response (Roger Gendrin, in response to a request to change the order of the authors for this Reply to a request to change the order of the authors for this Reply that he wrote)that he wrote)

White RoomWhite Room

Large Test Large Test ChamberChamber

GEOSGEOS at ESTEC at ESTEC ……

Birth of International School of Space SimulationsBirth of International School of Space Simulations

In 1981, Roger Gendrin, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Tetsuya Sato In 1981, Roger Gendrin, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Tetsuya Sato and Myself realized the importance of numerical simulations and Myself realized the importance of numerical simulations for space physicsfor space physics