maintaining the lawn applying lime sulfur fertilizer
TRANSCRIPT
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Maintaining the Lawn
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Maintaining the Lawn• Applying lime
• sulfur
• fertilizer
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Lime• Should be applied when
necessary to keep the pH between 6.0 and 6.5
• Late fall and winter are the best times to apply lime
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Lime• moves through the soil
slowly at a rate of about 1/2 to 1 inch per year
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Sulfur• should be used on soils that
are alkaline to adjust the pH
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Fertilizer• annual applications of
fertilizer are needed
• Nitrogen leaches through the soil and must be replaced regularly
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Fertilizer• Lawns require high N
fertilizer
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Nitrogen• can be applied in an organic
form which acts as a slow release nutrient that does not burn the grass and supplies N over a longer period of time
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Fertilizer• should be applied with a
spreader just prior to the active growing season
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Mowing• two types of mowers;
• reel
• rotary
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Mowing• close mowing of 1/2 to 1
inch is done most efficiently with a reel mower
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Mowing• most lawns are cut too short
because the homeowner believes that the lawn looks best when short
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Mowing• a very short cutting reduces
the leave area of the plant so much that it cannot make enough food
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Mowing• Cutting the grass too short
also encourages weed growth
• Cool season grasses should not be cut shorter than 2-3 inches
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Mowing• Warm season grasses are cut
1/2 to 11/4 inches depending on the variety
• Warm season grasses grow faster in warm weather
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Mowing• Warm season grasses are
better able to compete with weeds.
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Mowing• Lawns should be mowed
often enough that no more than 1/3 of the top is removed.
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Mowing• mower blades should be kept
sharp at all times so the grass blades are cut not torn off
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Mowing• Mulching mowers eliminate
the need to remove clippings from the lawn and reduce fertilizer needs by 50%
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Mowing• lawns should be cut so that
they are cut at right angles to the direction of the previous mowing.
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Mowing• This eliminates compaction,
gives the lawn a more even appearance and reduces thatch build up
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Mowing• Each pass over the lawn should
slightly overlap the previous one
• If lawn is too tall clippings should be collected and removed
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Mowing• Heavy build up on the lawn
shades out light and kills the grass.
• Causes a thatch build up that reduces soil aeration
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Mowing• damages roots and provides a
breeding place for disease and insects
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Growth Regulators• Can be applied by spraying
on the lawn which will slow the growth of the grass and reduce the number of times the lawn must be mowed.
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Growth Regulators• An example is PRIMO
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Watering• At least one inch of water
should be applied in each application
• one inch of water is equivalent to 1/2 gallon per square foot
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Watering• Applying less than one inch
does more harm than good.
• Watering shallowly, the plants root system is not forced to grow deeply into the soil
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Watering• A healthy lawn can go
dormant and withstand a great deal of dry weather without being damaged.
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Watering• The grass will become green
and actively grow after the next good rain
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Problems• Weeds:
• If lawns are heavily infested with weeds, chemical herbicides should be used to eliminate the problem
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Weeds• are usually an indication of
poor maintenance practices
• two types of weed killers used on lawns are pre-emergence and post-emergence
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Post Emergence• herbicides are applied after
weeds sprout and begin to grow• Many chemicals are selective
and only kill certain types of plants
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Selective herbicides• make it possible to select a
chemical that will kill almost everything but the grass
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Diseases• most turf diseases are caused by
fungi - parasitic plants
• Fungi live in and on dead grass and in the soil where they attack the grass and rob the soil of nutrients.
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Diseases• Fungus diseases are spread
easily by mowing or simply walking across the infected area especially if the grass is wet
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Diseases• for fungal diseases to cause
serious problems, there must be:
• grass plants on which fungus can live
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Fungal diseases• fungus spores and a means of
spreading them to the grass
• temperature and moisture conditions favorable to the growth of fungi
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Disease prevention• do not over use N
• maintain a pH of 6.0-6.5
• avoid thatch buildup
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disease prevention• water only when necessary
and then water deeply
• mow frequently, remove only 1/3 of top growth
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Disease Prevention• keep trees pruned to allow
sufficient light for good growth
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Insect Control• can cause serious damage to
lawns
• spraying of application of granular insecticide may be necessary
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Lawn renovation• Reasons lawns fail
• wrong species or variety of grass
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Reasons lawns fail• improper mowing
• cutting to short, not cutting frequently enough
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Improper fertilizing• applying fertilizer too late in the
spring for cool season grasses.
• Apply a few weeks before the grass begins its active growing stage
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Fertilizing• Use slow release, high N
fertilizer according to soil test results
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Improper Watering• failure to apply enough water
to soak the soil to a depth of 4-6 inches
• Water one inch per week
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Heavy Traffic• plant varieties that are known
for durability such as the tall fescues
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Excessive shade• plant shade tolerant grass or
other ground cover
• Improper soil preparation prior to planting
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Infestation• of weeds, diseases and or
insects
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Thatch• speed thatch rotting by
maintaining a pH of 6.0 -6.5
• remove thatch with a thatching rake or machine
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Thatch control• layer of dead stems, leaves
and roots which build up on the soil surface
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Thatch control• may prevent water from
penetrating soil
• prevents proper aeration
• provide breeding area for insects and disease
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Thatch build up• not adjusting mower blade
properly
• returning clippings to the lawn
• heavy fertilizing
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Thatch build up• heavy clay soil
• acidic soil
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Compacted soil• most needed lawn
maintenance is aeration
• compaction robs plant roots of oxygen and water
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Compacted soil• recommended treatment is
use of a plugger
• pulls out plugs of soil
• leaves holes in lawn for air and water to enter
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Weed infestation• when more than one third of
the lawn is dead and large bare spots exist
• May be better to kill the remaining lawn and start over
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Weed infestation• Apply “Round up” and re seed
the area
• after grass is killed the entire lawn is dug up and the seedbed reworked and prepared for seeding
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Thin lawns• remove thatch
• work up soil
• add seed use a roller to press the seed into the soil
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thin lawns• Apply weed killers to control
broadleaf weeds as needed
• fertilize with slow release high N
• mow properly and follow good maintenance practices
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Spot seeding• any bare spot that covers a
foot or more should be treated
• follow the same process for seeding a new lawn
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Spot patching• remove good sod from
inconspicuous area and patch the weak area by digging up the sod and replacing it with good sod
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Spot patching• press the sod into place
• water and fertilize accordingly