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annual report 2013academics & research activities

Operation &

Maintenance Engineering

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Production: Divison of operation and Maintenance, luleå university of technology

Contact for the Annual Report: uday Kumar, operation and Maintenance, phone: +46 920 49 1826, e-mail: uday.kumar@ltu.se

Graphic design & print: Melina androulaki, Jenny Strand, luleå university of technology Graphic production

Photo: per nilsson, per pettersson, Veronica Jägare

ContentInternational research Collaboration and networking 17

events, seminars, worhshops and visits 18

Doctorate Degree awardees 20

research projects 21

publications 24

Foreword 3

the Division of operation and Maintenance 4

education 6

research programs and activities 7

Branch specific programme 11

Collaborative research Centres 15

Maintenance research laboratories 16

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“Much of our efforts are directed towards pioneering a ‘built-in’ strategy to create a scientific understanding of maintenance”

We are living in a dynamic economic era where the demand for reliability and robustness of industrial systems and social infrastructure is increasing day by day. Failures and disturbances are not acceptable. This has brought the strate-gic focus of infrastructure and industry managers to the area of maintenance.

With many years of accumulated experience of delivering maintenance solutions to meet the requirements of industry and society, we are all set to de-velop relevant and sustainable solutions for the society and industrial organiza-tions of the future. Much of our efforts are directed towards pioneering a “built-in” strategy to create a scientific understanding and soloutions of main-tenance and its underlying processes, and towards linking the contributions of maintenance to the total business goals in close cooperation with our industrial partners.

Our achievements and growth since our establishment provide us with confi-dence and reassure us that we are on the right track.

It gives me great pleasure to say that our much-talked-about BSc Programme in Maintenance Engineering has received

a positive response from students look-ing for a career in engineering, and we have recruited the first batch of 20 stu-dents for the BSc programme starting in autumn 2013. I am also pleased to an-nounce that our e-Maintenance Lab is fully developed and we have established a mirror copy of the Lab in Kiruna in close cooperation with LKAB. Cur-rently we are aligning our efforts to develop tools and technologies that will facilitate the seamless linking of systems and equipment to our control centres, processing health data and reconfig-uring the state of the equipment to meet the short-term requirements and future challenges in a sustainable way. The driving forces have been the ever increasing power and scope of informa-tion and communication technologies (ICT).

Our efforts of the past few years have resulted in establishing us as a leading and attractive partner for EU Frame-work Programmes. Currently we are involved in eight research projects within the framework of EU FP 7 un-der different programmes.

Additional events of importance during 2013 include a number of industry-rel-

evant workshops, seminars and courses, which were organized and coordinated from our two centres of excellence, namely, Luleå Railway Research Center (JVTC) and the Center for Mainte-nance and Industrial Services (CMIS).

As in the past, our efforts have been aligned to secure a sustainable finan-cial platform to allow our basic and theoretical research to continue, and to provide a base for our applied and industrial research to achieve high qual-ity. I must convey my sincere gratitude to all my colleagues in the Division for their commitment and effort as a team, as well as our partners from industry and the management of Luleå Univer-sity for their continuous support and guidance.

It gives me immense pleasure to present the Annual Report for the year 2013.

Dr Uday KumarProfessor and Head March 7, 2014

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Faculty MeMbers & staFF

uday KuMar, Professor and Head

Jan Lundberg, Professor

Diego Galar, Professor

Per-Olof Larsson-Kråik, Adjunct Professor

Aditya Parida, Associate Professor

Behzad Ghodrati, Associate Professor

Ramin Karim, Associate Professor

Ulla Juntti, Adjunct Lecturer

Rupesh Kumar, Assistant Professor

Alireza Ahmadi, Associate Professor

Matti Rantatalo, Research Associate

Yuan Fuqing, Senior Lecturer

Phillip Tretten, Senior Lecturer

Olov Candell, Adjunct Lecturer

Johan Odelius, Associate Lecturer

Farzaneh Ahmadzadeh, Post Doc

Sarbjeet Singh, Post Doc

Hadi Hoseinie, Post Doc

Amir Garmabika, Post Doc

Adithya Thaduri, Post Doc

Janet Lin, Senior Lecturer

Roberto Villarejo, Research Engineer

Emilio Rodriguez, Research Engineer

Ravdeep Kour, Research Engineer

Veronica Jägare, Research Engineer

Carl-Anders Johansson, Research Engineer

Iman Arastehkhouy, Research Engineer

Guest Faculty MeMbers

Professor D N P Murthy, Queensland University, Australia

Professor A K S Jardine, University of Toronto, Canada

Professor A K Verma, IIT Bombay, India

Professor Jay Lee, University of Cincinnati, USA

Professor K B Misra, Editor-in-Chief, IJPE, India

Professor Raj K. Singal, Editor-in Chief, IJSM

the division oF operation & Maintenance enGineerinG

phd students

Juhamatti Saari

Amparo Morant

Esi Nunoo

Anna Gustafson

Christer Stenström

Hussan Saed Hamodi Al-Chalabi

Jens Jönsson

Karina Wandt

Yamor Aldori

Matthias Asplund

Mikael Palo

Mustafa Aljumaili

Omar D. Mohammed

Stephen Mayowa Famurewa

Yasser Ahmed Mahmood

Amol Lanke

Mojgan Aalipour

Madhav Mishra

Cecilia Simma

industrial / external phd students

Amit Patwardhan (IIIT Pune)

Dan Larsson (Damill AB)

Deepak Prasad Uppadhya MEH Consultant, Nepal)

Sten-Erik Björling (Environ Data)

Per Norbin (SWECO)

Prasanna Illankoon (Avery Dennison, Sri Lanka)

Jan Block (Saab Aerotech)

adMinistration

Cecilia Glover, Project Coordinator

Angelica Edin, CMIS Coordinator

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the Division of operatIonanDMaIntenanCeengineeringthe subject area of operation and Maintenance engineering is multidisciplinary in nature, transcend-ing the boundaries separating many disciplines of science and arts. Keeping this in mind, the activities of the Division are aligned towards finding synergies with other engineering disciplines and building networks with many active research groups, locally and worldwide. the Division has been successful in obtaining grants from eu leading to 8 projects within Fp7 program. the Division has also launched an International Journal of System assurance engineering and Management with Springer. the establish-ment of SKF - university technology Center for advanced condition monitoring has provided the Division with much needed platform for the development of prediction technology.

the Division of operation and Maintenance engineering during the 12 years of its existence has grown in size. By the end of the year 2013, the Division has 25 faculty staffs, 6 guest professors and 25 phD students (including industrial and external phD students).

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The Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering was established in the year 2001. Since then, the Division has pro-gressed a long way towards establishing itself as a pioneer research group in the field of operation and maintenance engineering. With the increasing awareness that maintenance ensures safe and sustai-nable performance and creates added value in the business process, industries have started considering maintenance as an integral part of the business process while applying a holistic view of the asset engineering and management.

The Operation and Maintenance group is involved in teaching undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate programs. Additionally, every year a good number of seminars, workshops and Continuing Education Programs are organised for enhanced learning.

Education

Undergraduate Programme(Bachelor of Engineering in Maintenance) the Bachelor programme for Maintenance engineers started this Fall with 25 registered students. the first courses consisted of Introduc-tion of operation and Maintenance engineering, Mathematics and physics. the Introduction course to Maintenance engineering is designed to be accessible to give both campus and distance students a foundation in basic maintenance and reliability engineering. there are several large companies actively participating in the educa-tion providing summer jobs and seminars for our students. recruitment for next years students has begun with visits to high schools amongst others. the Swedish military has also shown interest by giving their soldiers paid leave to participate in our program.

operationand Maintenanceengineering

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Graduate Coursesthe Division is involved in teaching a number of luleå university och technology’sengineering programs that include courses in operation and Maintenance, which are offered to students of Civil engineering MSc programs, Sustainable energy engineering and Mining and Geotechnical engineering. the Division also conducts courses in Mining equipment engineering and Mine automation for the Mining engineering students of the university. In the last few years, the Division has also been responsible for courses in Mine automation and Maintenance in the european Mining program taught at aalto university of technology, Finland.

the following undergraduate courses are taught by the Division of operation and Maintenance engineering:

n applied operations research

n Condition Monitoring and Condition based Maintenance

n Maintenance engineering and Management

n Maintenance Strategy

n Mine automation

n operation and Maintenance - Hydropower

noperation and Maintenance engineering

nproduction equipment Management

n reliability and Maintenance

n Human Factors in Maintenance

Postgraduate programs and coursespostgraduate studies at luleå university of tech-nology include two higher degrees: licentiate in engineering and phD in engineering. Both degrees are awarded by luleå university of technology in recognition of the candidates’ theoretical and applied knowledge and command over a wide range of related subjects in a given academic discipline. usually, it takes 4 years to obtain a phD degree, and approximately half that time to obtain a licentiate degree.

the following courses at postgraduate level are offered by the Division of operation and Mainte-nance engineering:

n advanced Maintenance: theory & application

n applied reliability engineering

n asset engineering and Management

n life Cycle Cost (lCC): theory & application

n performance Measurement and Management

n product Support & Industrial Services

n research Methodology in engineering

n risk & Vulnerability analysis

n Stochastic Models for reliability analysis and Maintenance optimization

n advanced reliability engineering

n Foundation of Fuzzy Set and Fuzzy logic with applications

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reliability science deals with the understanding of the degradation processes. reliability engineering deals with reliability issues in the design stage. reliability economics deals with cost analysis of issues relating to design for reliability, and main-tenance development. reliability technology deals with technologies to sense and monitor system degradation, to collect and analyze relevant data and to assist in decision making. reliability theory provides a tool to deal all facets of reliability – engineering, maintenance, economics, manage-ment, etc.

When it is not possible to build in the desired level of reliability due to technological and economic issues, effective maintenance can be used as to compensate for this shortcoming.. Maintainability

deals with maintenance issues during the design

stage. the main aim of maintainability is to facilitate

easy and cost effective maintenance strategies so

that the desired reliability can be guaranteed. Main-

tenance actions, if used properly can control the

degradation and reduce or eliminate the likelihood

of the occurrence of failures and to restore a failed

system to its operational state. However, mainte-

nance involves costs and these can be a significant

fraction of the operating budget – around 5% in

manufacturing industry, 10-15 percent in aviation

industry, 15 – 20% in transport and 30% in min-

ing industry. Hence the applicable and effective

maintenance requirements have to be defined to

achieve the desired reliability and availability and

reduce the total life cycle cost. Models are required

for optimal decisions with regards reliability and maintainability during the deasign and develop-ment stages.. effective maintenance development requires proper data collection and analysis; as well as building models to assist in the decision making processes. reliability modeling deals with these issues.

Safety assessment of engineered objects forms the foundation for robust investigation of the risks associated with failures. the effectiveness of pre-ventive and mitigating measures, supports decision making regarding safety performances.

reliability, availability, Maintainability and Safety raMS is a methodology (approach?) that deals with function preservation and failure prevention during the design and operation phases of the life

The scope of research activities of the Divi-sion cover different areas of engineering, basic and applied sciences and management leading to integrated maintenance engineer-ing solutions for industrial problems. Over the years, the Division has developed core competence in the field of operation and maintenance engineering and management with special focus on “Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Supportability” (RAMS). The Division’s capability covers the Asset Engineering & Management, Reliability and Maintainability modeling, Risk Manage-ment, Condition Monitoring, Life Cycle Cost (LCC), Life Cycle Profit (LCP), Service and Product Support, e-maintenance, Per-formance Measurement & Management, etc.

The Division is proactively working towards the implementation of new and emerging technologies in operation and maintenance engineering of complex industrial systems.The core research areas identified for strate-gic focus are:n RAMS, LCC/LCP n Condition Monitoringn Remaining Useful Life Estimationn Maintenance Decision Modellingn Diagnostic & Prognosticn eMaintenance & Information Logisticsn Maintenance Performance Measurement and Managementn Human Factors in Maintenancen Design for /out MaintenanceDuring the last decade, the number of

sponsored research projects in different areas of operation and maintenance has increased significantly. Our research group works in close co-operation with industries and prominent research groups active in the field of operation and maintenance engineering world-wide. The Division undertakes and works on applied research projects as well as on high-end development and consultancy projects from industry on a routine basis.The Division has continued to build the research programmes, adopting a distinctive interdisciplinary approach to meet short-term and long-term challenges faced by the industry and other organizations. The research activities are focused on integration of maintenance issues and design phase.

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research Programs & Activities

raMS - reliability, availability, Maintainability, SafetyResearch Program Every engineered object (product, plant or infrastructure) is unreliable in the sense it degrades with age and usage and can fail. When a failure occurs the severity of the consequences can be very significant – leading to higher maintenance, cost, reduction in availability, economic loss, damage to the asset and environment and possible loss of human lives. Unreliability may also lead to annoyance, inconvenience and a lasting customer dissatisfaction that can create serious problems regarding the company’s marketplace position.

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our Condition monitoring and CBM research program incorporates development of methods and models to assess the state of the item or components using on line or off line data collected from the item or components of interest. Diagnostics and prognostics are two important aspects in a CBM program Diagnostics deals with fault detection, isolation and identification when it occurs. prognostics deals with fault prediction before it occur. Fault prediction is a task to deter-mine whether a fault is impending and estimate how soon and how likely a fault will occur. Diagnostics is posterior event analysis and prognostics are prior event analysis. Within the framework of CBM program, our main efforts are not only on development of methods and models but also to provide or establish scientific explanation of degradation mechanism leading to failure. We are also attempting to develop tech-nologies to capture different degradation and also assess the state in real time. Some projects are in progress to assess the remaining useful life of components using data and other

Condition MonitoringResearch ProgramA careful implementation of Condition Monitoring and Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) Program offers significant potential for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of operation and maintenance of plants and infrastructures.

cycle. the Division of operation and Maintenance engineering at luleå university of technology, has been active in various aspects of raMS engineer-ing. these include (i) reliability evaluation of repair-able and non-repairable units, (ii) remaining useful life estimation, (iii) maintenance optimization and decision modeling, (iv) diagnostic and prognos-tic, (v) condition monitoring and (vi) spare parts management. these have been applied in several different industrial sectors such as, aerospace and aviation, rail transport, mining, paper manufactur-ing, and process industry.

the aim of raMS program at luleå university of technology is to provide a platform to integrate and support raMS related researches and com-petencies to assist the transfer of this knowledge to different industry sectors.

raMs analysis oF railway siGnallinG systeMs

the purpose of this research project is to explore the areas that could improve the performance of railway signalling systems during the operation life cycle phase, by enhancing their depend-

ability. a data driven model for maintenance

decision support is proposed, based on correc-

tive maintenance work orders. With this model,

existing maintenance policies could be reviewed

and improved upon. the results show that

different factors affect greatly the performance

of signalling systems (e.g. the complexity of the

system, accessibility and other issues related to

the location). Measuring how much those factors

affect signalling systems would allow better

estimations of raMS during operation. 70% of

the total failures related of signalling system are

recorded as no fault found, not defined or non-

operative work orders (nFF Wos). Improving the

maintainability and the maintenance supportabil-

ity of the systems can reduce the time needed

to identify the required corrective maintenance

action and reducing the nFF Wos. this project

proposes some improvements for enhancing the

dependability of railway signalling systems, such

as a model for configuration management and

a framework for improving inter-organisational

knowledge management between stakeholders.

research Programs & Activities

information collected by condition monitoring of the item of interest to develop context aware CBM program. the major sponsors of CBM research are trafikverket, lKaB, SKF and VInnoVa among others. the smart bearing projects where hybrid models are being developed to estimate correct remaining useful life are by SKF –utC and VInnoVa within the framework of SKF-ltu university technology Center (see page15).

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eMaintenanceResearch Program

The concept behind the eMaintenance research programme is to facilitate research, results and education in opera-tions and maintenance by providing tools for advanced data mining and data analysis. We aim to assist the industry so they could easily implement this architecture and utilize our expertise for their maintenance, research and testing programmes. eMaintenance LAB, has locations at the university in Luleå and a facility developed for LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden. These labs are developed for online cloud application to feed data collected from industry from any outlaying location to the laboratories. Among the studies at the laboratory is a project to measure the impact of vary-ing loads on track infrastructure and the performance and condition of wheels. This to estimate their remaining service life and to predict when replacements are required. The results of this analysis are delivered to the client in a variety of ways – direct to handheld devices used by maintenance staff, a pure HTML web-based interface, or an email. What we are trying to do is to build coopera-tion between industry, academia and research. eMaintenance conferences, in cooperation with the lab and industry partners and projects, are used to assist in developing capabilities and experi-ences which will facilitate our further growth.

Our strategy is to provide artefacts (e.g. frameworks, tools, methodologies, and technologies) that address the industrial priorities expressed through ‘Data Fu-sion’, ‘Information Sharing’, ‘Seamless

Connectivity’, and ‘Distributed Real-time Data Processing’. These artefacts will deal with challenges such as cross domain connectivity, communication capability, interoperability between am-bient and distributed environments, data fusion, maintenance content manage-ment, data quality, information visu-alisation, and real time distributed data analysis capability.

epilot 119

In an industry collaboration between JVTC, the Swedish Transport Adminis-tration, railway companies, maintenance contractors for vehicles and infrastruc-ture, and consultants is an implementa-tion project called ePilot119 on the iron ore line initiated.Since 2005, work has been conducted within the Luleå Railway Research Center (JVTC ) with the aim of using different types of condition based data to develop a decision support. This is so that preventive measures can be taken in the railway system before errors and disturbances. Working with prevention rather than corrective action is a more cost effective way to conduct mainte-nance activities.

It is a cross-organizational area based on information logistics to ensure that maintenance is carried out in line with both the customer and the sup-plier’s business objectives to take care

of the inherent elements in all parts of a system’s life cycle. There is a strong link between the infrastructure and the vehicles that use it. By using condition based data from across the railway sec-tor and its stakeholders a good basis is established to take the right decision at the right time.

The approach is based on enhanced collaboration methodology with a framework project and a central project team that is cohesive for smaller sub-projects within the framework project. For projects and process management JVTC is using its satellite companies. The purpose of the pilot project is to implement an eMaintenance demon-stration that leads to a higher avalibility, enhanced capacity and a more cost efficient railway operation. This can be achieved by the rail system’s stakehold-ers, building a shared platform (initially eMaintenanceLab) for information sharing of decision data for high quality and cost effective maintenance.

The pilot project includes track 119 be-tween Boden and Luleå and is supposed to last for three years and then rolled out to other parts of the railway indus-try. Kick- off for the projectwas held on December 10th 2013 in Luleå and will continue until the end of 2016.

The goal of eMaintenance Research Program is to overcome shortcomings in the operation and maintenance system by looking at how to offer operatiors, maintenance staff, infrastructur managers and system integrators to access a real time computerized system from data to decision.

research Programs & Activities

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This program aims to help the Swedish railway and mining sector to increase their competitiveness through the implementation of human factors prin-ciples. This is achieved by improvement of main-tenance work processes, safety and reduce human error/or failure during maintenance activitiesThe basic purpose of human factor is that all man-made tools, devices equipments, machines, and environments should advance, directly or indirectly, the safety, well-being, and performance of humans.

Effective Maintenance Execution with Human Factor Interventions

This project focuses on human factor interven-tions for effective maintenance execution and to improve the performance of railway main-tenance system. The goal of this project is to develop easy to implement guidelines for good maintenance practices through human factor interventions. The sub goal of this project are (i) identification of factors influencing human errors, (ii) improvement of performance shaping factors in the context of railway maintenance (iii) Evaluation of Human Error Probability in Railway Maintenance tasks.

Human FactorsResearch Program

 

Engineering

Safety  management

Human  factors

I  need  to  design

better  engineering

More   procedures!

Human/ergonomical  modification

will  fix  it…(theirs  not  mine)

Time

Accident

 rate

Human  factor  in  Maintenance  Engineering  and  Safety

Continuous  improvement

Workforce

Involvement

&  agronomy

issues

The research and development (R&D) program of the Division is working on different R&D program covering various aspects of main-tenance engineering and management. Currently, the R&D activities lay emphasis on the following research programs are:

nMining nManufacturing nRailway nAviation andnHuman Factors

r&D Program

The Division has initated Human Factors research program in order to gain knowledge of human factors related issues & challanges in the Railway and Mining Industry.

Division’s different research & development programs.

Railway

nraMSnCondition Monitoring nData to DecisionnDesign for Maintenancenremaining useful lifeneMaintenance nHuman Factors

Mining

nCondition Monitoringnproduction assurance nremaining useful life neMaintenanceneMaintenance performance

MeasurementnHuman Factors

Aviation

nData to DecisionneMaintenancenMaintenance program

DevelopmentnHuman Factors

Manufacturing

nraMSnDesign for/out

Maintenancenremaining useful lifenHuman Factors

Division of Operation and

Maintenance Engineering

research Programs & Activities

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systeM dynaMic ModelinG

System dynamics is a set of concep-tual tools that enable us to analyze the structure and dynamics of complex systems characterized by interdepend-ence, mutual interaction, information feedback, and circular causality. Using this method we will be able to study how organizational structure, ampli-fication (in policies), and time delays interact to influence the success of the system and how we can reach the strat-egies for greater success. The approach begins with defining problems dynami-cally, proceeds through mapping and modeling stages, to steps for building confidence in the model and its policy implications. Mathematically, the basic structure of a formal system dynamics computer simulation model is a system of coupled, nonlinear, first-order dif-ferential (or integral) equations.

reMaininG useFul liFe (rul)Concerning RUL of mining machiner-ies, a neural network model for predic-tion of RUL with focus on grinding mill liners in Boliden mine as a real case study was developed. The coopera-tion with Metso Mineral Company was established for gathering raw data con-cerning the liner maintenance, inspec-tion and replacement that considered

Division of operation and maintenance is one of the world leading research groups, who are involved in many research projects related to mining machinery and production systems. The main ongoing project is the “Lean min-ing”, supported by Centre for Advanced Mining and Metallurgy (CAMM) of Luleå University of Technology. This comprises of four subprojects: produc-tion assurance, rock and machine inter-face, remaining useful life and attractive working place. In the subproject of production assurance we are looking for a systematic analysis of mine operation process to be able to assure the produc-tion.

Production assurance program (PAP) has been selected as a core idea for this research. For assuring the expected production from a mining process we should have a clear view about the un-certainties. For performing a systematic analysis and modeling of the production process in mines, in 2013, the system dynamic (SD) modeling technique was selected. Now, the building processes of this model are ongoing and in near future the new results of the current project will be distributed.

Mechanical response from the rock mass in a test area, defined as Specific energy.

Mining Research ProgramMining is one of the main research topics in our division. Since Sweden is a mining and industrial country, the mining operation and machineries are attractive research topics, especially in the north.

as output variables. Process data which includes the ore type, ore feed, power, speed, torque, water addition, grind-ing energy and load were gathered by Boliden and considered as input vari-ables. In comparison of different models such as regression analysis and artificial neural networks, the neural network model was found to be very effec-tive in defining a function which was capable of establishing good correlation between the input and output variables. The proposed ANN is very effective for predicting wear or remaining useful life of the liners component.

rocK and Machine interFace

The main objective with this project is to evaluate and predict geo-mechanical rock mass properties using Measure-ment While Drilling (MWD) technique. Measurement While Drilling data has the potential to characterize large scale rock masses providing important input data for short and long term mine and equipment planning as well as improve-ment of fragmentation. MWD data includes both independent parameters such as feed force, rotation speed and air pressure, that are directly controlled by the operator or the drill system, and dependent parameters such as rotation torque, penetration rate and vibra-tion that reflects the response from the penetrated rock mass. One challenge using MWD data is to separate the drill system dependent data variation from the variation originating from rock mass changes. One way of doing this is to use the concept of specific energy, meaning the energy required to remove one unit of rock, which have been used here.

Branch Specific Programsresearch Programs & Activities

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The strategic focus of the research program is to ensure increased availability, capacity and sustainability of the railway network and rolling stocks by effective operation and mainte-nance. Considerable research is being undertaken to study the track maintenance and renewal issues with focus on grind-ing, lubrication, maintenance strategies and track degradation etc. JVTC also works with Human Factors in order to gain knowledge of human factors related issues and challenges within railway maintenance.

top oF rail lubrication.

Trafikverket and LKAB have installed the first Top of Rail (ToR) Lubrication equipment to investigate if the systems lubrication is working in cold climate. This was conducted during 2013 in two different places on the Iron Ore line.

Branch Specific Programs

railway Research ProgramThe strategic focus of railway research program is to develop new tools, methods and models that will facilitate innovative solutions to railway problems related to operation and maintenance.

One in the northern part of the line and one in the southern part of the line. The picture down to the left shows one of the equipments from LB-foster at the northern part of the line. The project will show if the ToR lubrications will increase the rail wheel forces.

saFtinspect - ultrasonic synthetic aperture FocusinG technique For the inspection oF railway crossinGs.SAFTInspect aims to develop an affordable and reliable ultrasonic inspection solution for sections of high manganese steel rail crossing points, which are used in European railways. A non-destructive testing (NDT) inspection solution will be developed in the project to facilitate early defect detection of crack defects at safety critical locations. The project results will increase industrial confidence in NDT by achieving bet-ter quality levels in the identification, classification and sizing of defects compared to existing techniques. The automated output will increase efficiency and reduce scanning mistakes associated with manual methods. The rapid, automated solu-tion will reduce time required for personnel to be located in potentially hazardous environments. This will provide NDT workers with safer, healthier and better working conditions in European industry related inspection and maintenance activities. The proposed project will focus on the rail transport industry within the EU. However techniques developed by the project would not be specific to high manganese steel rail track, but applicable to many other coarse grained, anisotropic or non-homogeneous materials.

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Track switches are critical units in railway systems, as they perform the switching procedure that guides trains along different routes. To maintain their functional requirements there is a need to predict the track geometry change affected by different operating and ambient conditions. This project contain several case studies where measurements has been performed on the Swedish infrastructure, to determine long term track geometry changes seen in fig. 1 and the effect of

iMprove availability and reduced liFe cycle cost oF tracK switches

different load conditions related to the vertical deflection of the track seen in fig. 2. The knowledge gained in the project will be finalized by developing a LCC model taking into account diagnostics data from track recording cars (used in Sweden) and developing a prognostics tool for more efficient maintenance strategies of track switches.

The effects obtained from the project include:

nEvaluation and development of measurement methods for measurement of track geometry changes over time and measurements of dynamic displacement on rail

nDevelopment of a LCC model for predicting

linK and eFFect Model

The aim of the study is to develop a link and effect model to improve the total effectiveness of the maintenance system for railway infrastructure. The link and effect model is a per-formance measurement system that combines performance measurement and engineering principles for proactive man-agement of physical assets.

Maintenance thresholds

In the past, railway maintenance procedures were usually planned based on the knowledge and experience of the com-pany involved. The main goal was to provide a high level of safety, and there was little concern for economic issues. Today, however, the competitive environment and budget limitations are forcing railway infrastructures to move from safety limits to maintenance limits in order to optimize operation and maintenance procedures. By discussing maintenance limits in-stead of safety limits, one widens the focus to comprise both operational safety and cost-effectiveness for the whole railway transport system. Using maintenance limits means balancing maintenance performance measures against economics with a view of achieving the estimated service life and delivering the function required at the right price. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to optimize track geometry main-tenance by using historical geometry data. The methodology is based on reliability and cost analysis and facilitates main-tenance decision-making process to identify cost-effective maintenance thresholds.

Marker from left Pos [m] Front rail joint support 2,7 point machine 1 3,494 point machine 2 11,21 Weld 44,304 Frog 50,975 Back rail join support 56,966 long sleeper 64,791

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When dealing with the complex tech-nical systems involved in air operation and the extensive competition, the consequences of unreliable services become critical and may include a high cost of operation, a loss of productiv-ity, incidents, and exposure to accidents. Therefore, it is critical for air carriers to achieve high standards of safety and reliable services, at lowest possible life cycle cost. This needs to be supported through an effective maintenance solu-tion which ultimately can enhance the aircraft’s capability to meet market demands at the lowest possible cost. In addition, the interaction between major stakeholders, such as operators and support providers, has been drastically changed by concepts such as Perfor-mance-Based Logistics (PBL). Hence, it is critical to introduce a product lifecy-cle management (PLM) programme for the fleet throughout its whole lifecycle, where, issues such as dynamic main-tenance programme, spare part plan-ning, fleet management and phase-out programme arise. In fact, it is vital to develop methodologies and tools for dependability analysis, modeling and simulation of fleets of complex systems, in order to support improvement deci-

sions throughout the fleet lifecycle, in which parallel lifecycle phases of the whole fleet is consideredd

Moreover, in today’s global business scenarios, aviation industries are tend-ing to offer a spectrum of industrial services that range from traditional customer support to turnkey solu-tions. To achieve this service spectrum, it is necessary to manage information consumption and production at right quality level in right time. This needs to be supported through an eMainte-nance solution to provide information services that support the maintenance of complex technical systems. In addi-tion, when dealing with such complex technical systems with long life cycles, the management of RAMS-related information is crucial to fulfill strin-gent dependability, Life Support Cost (LSC) and safety requirements. Hence, it has become increasingly important to ensure the RAMS analyses based on the heterogeneous data sets that are gener-ated during the life cycle of airborne platforms and their support systems.The aviation research program is committed to enhance the effectiveness of aircraft operability considering future demand and service models.

aircraFt Maintenance proGraMMe developMent

The development of aircraft maintenance programme is a challenging task. The purpose of this research program is to develop decision support methodologies and tools for aircraft scheduled mainte-nance programme development which will facilitate decision making in main-tenance to achieved high level of safety and aircraft availability in cost effective way. The aviation program is dedicated to RAMS, Data Mining and information logistics in aviation context.

eMaintenance solutions For eFFective decision-MaKinG in Maintenance

This project aims to explore and describe how the information logistics in support of decision making can be established. Data and information from the techni-cal facilities that describe state and state changes should be gathered and pre-sented so that decisions on necessary measures can be taken. The project will further develop skills and expertise in eMaintenance, at field scale in the JAS Gripen, Saab Aerotech based on the earlier case studies from Banverket and Vattenfall Hydropower.

enhanced liFe cycle assessMent For perForMance-based loGistics To improve the competitiveness of the Swedish aerospace industry, it has become increasingly important to ensure the availability and reliability of analyses based on the heterogeneous data sets that are generated during the life cycle of airborne platforms and their support systems. The purpose of this research programme is to develop methodologies, tools and models to facilitate implemen-tations of performance based logistics (PBL) concepts in maintenance with cost effectiveness.

aviation Research Program

Research Activities

Today’s highly advanced technological flying platforms, such as aircraft, helicop-ters are characterized by a high degree of integration, automation and complex-ity. Simultaneously, they are used in different operational and mission profiles, and also in multiple operational environments and geographical settings.

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The research group at the Division is closely associated with three collaborative research centers: Center for Maintenance and Industrial Services (CMIS), Luleå Railway Research Center (JVTC), the Center for Advanced Mining and Metallurgy (CAMM) & SKF University Technology Center (UTC)

Collaborative research Centers

JVtC is a collaborative research center at luleå university of technology (ltu) in luleå, Sweden. It was established in 1998 by the former Swed-ish railway administration (Banverket), the lKaB ore transport company (MtaB), Duroc rail and luleå university of technology amongst others.the main purpose of the center is to co-ordinate the railway research being pursued at different Departments, at the university and to facilitate the contacts between researchers, companies and the railway sector in general. through international co-operation with other centers, institutions, universities and companies, a platform has been built for the development of an efficient and environmental friendly railway transport system.the main focus of the railway research Center is to provide solutions to maintenance problems to facilitate smooth running of railway transport system. the center operates under the aegis of the president of luleå university of technology. the center is currently headed by prof. uday Kumar and funded by industry.

Luleå Railway Research Center (JVTC), www.ltu.se/jvtc

the utC is collaboration between SKF and three divisions at luleå university of technology; operation & Maintenance engineering, Machine elements and eISlaB.the idea of SKF-ltu university technology Center is to develop advanced concepts for condition monitoring of smart machinery equipment. one of the visions of SKF is with the establishment of SKF-ltu university technology Center, the “thinking machine”. Bearing and system should then move from being passive to being active and independent. this is so the machine can reconfigure itself in smart way dur-ing operation, thereby preventing costly downtime. the center is governed by a framework agreement between the university and SKF which lasts for an initial period of five years. the funding from SKF sup-ports day-to-day operation of the Center and a num-ber of phD researchers who work on projects under the utC umbrella. During the year 2013 the Center also attracted research grant from VInnoVa - the Government agency for innovation.the main focus is to develop a hybrid model for predicting remaining useful life of Bearing

SKF University Technology Center (UTC) for Advanced Condition Monitoring

CMIS is a collaborative platform initiated by luleå university of technology in close cooperation with industrial partners. the business goal of CMIS is to conduct coordinated competence development, applied research and development work focusing on new technology, organization and financial is-sues to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of plant, installations, industrial services and products. CMIS undertook various activities to promote dialogue and interaction in an effort to understand the engineering support requirements of industry. CMIS organized many seminars and workshops for this purpose. leading professors and expert from Canada, australia, and India delivered interactive lectures for the benefit of our industrial partners. open-dialogue on various industrial issues and challenges was undertaken in the workshops, followed by the seminars, which provided an op-portunity to understand the industrial perspective for initiating joint research projects. today, CMIS has more than 15 industrial partners.

Center for Maintenance and Industrial Services (CMIS) www.cmis.se

CaMM is a center of excellence in mining and metallurgy established in 2009, and funded by strategic grant from the Swedish Government. the aim of CaMM is to build world class research within mining and metallurgy with focus on sustainable use of natural resources. there are six research work packages within the framework of CaMM and our Division is responsible for work package of “lean production”. other research work packages are: Geometallurgy and 4D Geological Modelling; Deep Mining; particle technology; Green Mining and raw Materials for future iron and steel making.

Center for Advanced Mining and Metallurgy (CAMM) www.camm.se

The CBM Lab was established 2013 and is performing experimen-tal research in condition based maintenance. The CBM Lab will constantly increase in activities and experimental equipment to support the research and research education.Examples of equipment are 1:32 scale railway with ballast, locomotives, wagons, turnouts, transition zones, signals, electric contact wire power system, etc. Wireless accelerometers, UL and Syntetic Aperture Focus (SAFT) apparatus and probes, test bench for crack monitoring of gears, optical leveling instrument for railway measurements, video cameras and laser for turnout measurements, micro components for dem-onstrator design/testing.Ongoing experimental studies are scale ex-periments of settlements in turnouts, scale experiments of dynamic behavior in railway transition zones, condition monitoring of cracks in gears, new mechanical solutions for tamping of turnouts and SAFT measurements on railway turnout manganese crossings

The Division of Operation & Maintenance Engineering has established eMaintenance and railway research station lab. Besides these two lab the Division also work in close cooperation with other laboratories such as, EISLAB (Embedded Internet Systems Laboratory), Tribological laboratory, etc.

Maintenance Research Laboratries

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Condition Based Maintenance lab (CBM laB)

The eMaintenance Lab was developed as a platform for develop-ing solutions aimed for maintenance decision making. The Lab. facilitates research and education in maintenance. eMaintenance Lab, is the world’s first international eMaintenance laboratory, and is now providing various services to the logistics and maintenance divisions to both national and international research groups. This includes industry and research partners from Slovenien, Spain, Italy, Germany, Norway, Finland, and USA. In the laboratory, the researchers get access to tools that support them in building artefacts such as models, approaches, frameworks, methodologies, technologies, and tools for maintenance decision making. These artefacts use resources in the results for the research activities subsequently improve the lab resources. This creates a process of continuous improvement for the eMaintenance LAB.

eMaintenance laB

Trafikverket and LKAB have installed the first high speed wheel profile measurement system for railway ve-hicle in service in October 2011. This system is installed an Iron ore line at the northern part of Sweden. This is a project to improve the maintenance of rolling stock and infrastructure. The information from this system goes to eMaintenance LAB at Luleå Research Center (JVTC) for processing and for research. The iron ore transport operator uses the wheel profile measurement system to detect wheels which fall outside the safety and maintenance limits. The wheel profile measurement system consists of four units with lasers and high-speed cameras. The WPMS extracts the parameters as flange height, flange width, flange slope and tread hollow-ing. After two years operation the systems shows good measurements accuracy and reliability.

Wheel profile Measurement Station

To stream line data collection to meet research require-ment, JVTC has established a measurement station to measure forces exerted by vehicles on the track. The mounting pattern of sensors at measurement point sep-arates the vertical and lateral forces. The measured data are automatically transferred to the eMaintenance LAB using internet for processing it into useful informa-tion and knowledge that can be used by train operators and infrastructure managers. Some of the high lights of this measurement station are: delivers real time data 24 hours a day, identifies trains and wagons, a top 10 list of poorly performing axels and internet access to real time data. The real time data after processing is displayed in real time in a user friendly manner.

luleå railway research Station

Wheel profile measurement system installed in the southern part of the Iron Ore Line

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center For intelliGent Maintenance systeM

The Div. of Operation & mainte-nance Engineering is having close colloboration in maintenance area with the Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems at University of Cincinnati, USA. In order to strengthen the colloboration, University of Cincinnati has been invited and appointed Prof. Uday Kumar as a Guest Professor. Profes-sor Jay Lee, Director IMS is also appointed as a visiting Guest Professor at the Division of Operation & Maintenance Engineering, Luleå University.

university oF queensland australia

Professor Pra Murthy from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia is a Guest Professor at the Division of Operation & Mainte-nance Engineering, Luleå Universit. He has been actively participating in teaching post graduate courses and conducting workshops and seminars since the year 2009.

central queensland university

Within the framework of MoU signed between Luleå Railway Research Center and Centre for Railway Engineering , Central Queensland University (CQU).

To strengthen research and education stance and quality, a strong network with all related and active research groups, nationally and internationally is essential. Keeping this in view, we have created formal and informal networking and collabo-ration with research groups in the following universities and industries outside Sweden.

Universities: Aalto University of Technology, Finland; Birmingham University, UK; Central Queensland University at Gladstone, Australia; Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and Kharagpur, India; Kemi Tornio University of Ap-

plied Science, Finland; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Tromsö University, Norway; University of Cincinnati, USA; University of Queensland, Australia; Univer-sity of Stavanger, Norway; University of Toronto, Canada; VTT, Helsinki, Finland; University of Valencia, Spain.

Industries: Airbus, France; ALSTOM Transport, France;

Our Division is one of the initiating members of the Eu-ropean Research Network on Strategic Engineering Asset Management (EURENSEAM).

Internationaland

Research Collaboration Networking

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CMIS maintenance daysCMIS arranged “CMIS Maintenance days” during two occasions. During CMIS Maintenance days the members meet together with researchers to explore research needs and opportunities.the goal is to find common projects but also to network and share knowl-edge. a study visit at the hosting company’s operations are also included. the first event was on the 23-24th of January in Kiruna where the hosting

company was lKaB. the meeting resulted in a good overview of possible areas for cooperation. the group also visited the mines.the second event was on the 24-25th of September in linköping where Saab Support and Services was hosting. the theme for the meeting was operational monitoring and support and the group visited the helicopter maintenance workshop.

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JVtC celebrated 15 years as a luleå university of technology research center on December 4th, where the JVtC stakeholders together with international participants from the dissemination of eu-project autoMaIn, were invited. the event consisted of a celebratory dinner with entertainment. two honorary awards for outstanding contributions to JVtC´s work were given to prof. len-nart Karlsson and Dr. ulla Juntti. an informative movie regarding research performed within JVtC was produced and shown during the occasion.

prof. Johan Sterte, Vice Chancellor at luleå university of technology, welcoming all guests to the event.

Events 2013

professor Jan lundberg presenting one of CMIS’s projects, during the workshop in linköping

Sten askmyr, lKaB and professor Jan lundberg from luleå university of technology discussing project ideas during the CMIS maintenance days.

all of the researchers from luleå university of technology together with CMIS members.

The Division of Operation and Maintenance team-building exercise at Pite Havsbad, August 2013

JVTC 15 years celebration

prof. lennart Karlsson receiving “Citation and awards” for outstanding contributions to JVtC´s activities by professor lennart elfgren, Vice Chairman, JVtC.

Dr. ulla Juntti receiving “Citation and awards” for outstanding contributions to JVtC´s activities by professor lennart elfgren, Vice Chairman, JVtC.

19left photo: participants during a study visit at the lKaB mines in Kiruna.

right photo: prof nalinaksh Vyas from Indian Institute of technology, Kanpur, India deliverd a seminar on 31st May, 2013 on the topic “Integrated Health Management for automotive and railway system

luleå university of technology and International exchange students visited Jokmokk and porjus hydropower stations during 09-11 april 2013, where they also had the opportunity in running the training generator u-8 at porjus.

Visit to Hydropower Stations

Seminars

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Hoang pham during his presentation on reliability engineering.

aditya tharudi with the examination Board after his doctoral degree presentation

Iman receiving his doctoral diploma from professor elisabet Kassfeldt

Iman arastehKhouy presenting his doctoral thesis

Stephen Fanuewa presenting his licentiate thesis.

all of the researchers from luleå university of technology together with CMIS members.

BSc programme in maintenance engineering

Mattias Holmgren presenting the new Bachelor program in Maintenance engineering at the luleå university of technologyrecruitment fair.

Inauguration of eMaintenance Lab in Kiruna

the new eMaintenance lab in Kiruna is inaugurated

uday Kumar holds up his glass in luleå for the new eMaintenance lab in Kiruna

Adithya ThaduriDoctoral thesis on “Physics-of-failure based performance modeling of critical electronic components”. In this research work, a modified Physics-of-failure based methodology for reliabil-ity prediction of electronic components is developed that is both qualitative and quantitative. This methodology was applied and compared on certain safety critical components for decision support system that involves failure phenomenon.

Download complete thesis at: http://pure.ltu.se/portal/files/43756731/Adithya_Thaduri.pdf

Doctorate & licentiate Degree Awardees

Iman Arasteh KhouyDoctoral thesis on ”Cost-Effective Maintenance of Railway Track Geometry: a shift from Safety Limits to Maintenance Limits”. In this research, a decision support tool to optimize track geometry maintenance is developed. It provides two new approaches to analyse the geometrical degradation of turnouts due to dynamic forces generated from train traffic. It also presents two cost rate functions to specify the optimal inspection interval and the cost-effective maintenance limits for track geometry maintenance (tamping).

Download complete thesis at:http://pure.ltu.se/portal/files/43787912/Iman_Arasteh_Khouy.pdf

Anna GustafsonDoctoral thesis on ”Automation of Load Haul Dump machines, comparative performance analysis and maintenance modeling”. In this research, an approach to evaluate the performance of manual and semi-automatic Load Haul Dump (LHD) machines is presented. The research also provides a new way of modeling the maintenance and environmental disturbances to determine the best operation mode for the LHD machine.

Download complete thesis at:http://pure.ltu.se/portal/files/54802304/Anna_Gustafsson.Uppdat.4.11.pdf

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Stephen FamurewaLicentiate thesis on “Increased railway infrastructure capacity through improved mainte-nance practices”. In this research focus has been on studying the opportunities which mainte-nance presents towards enhancing the capacity of existing railway infrastructure. Outsourcing aspect of maintenance organization has been studied and a conceptual framework to facilitate theimplementation of performance based maintenance contracting is proposed

Download complete thesis at:https://pure.ltu.se/portal/files/41870083/Stephen_Mayowa_Famurewa.pdf

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On-going projectsResearch Projects InMaint: Integrated maintenance for improved products and Production Sponsors: pro Viking, SSF, (Boliden, Sandvik, Contector Volvo body & Volvo aero)Researchers: uday Kumar, Jan lundberg, Håkan Schunnesson, andi Wijaya & anna GustafsonObjective: the project aims to increase productIvity, reduce produc-tion costs and to generate valuable input for improved engineering design of products and production.Duration: 2008 – 2013

eMaintenance infrastructure for enhanced information logisticsSponsors: Vinnova & Saab Support ServiceResearchers: olov Candell, alireza ahmadi & ramin KarimObjective: the project aims to improve the infrastructure for data and information exchange between operators and suppliers to iden-tify, adapt and integrate ICt-based methods and solutions for a so-called eMaintenance system.Duration: 2009 – 2013

eMaintenance solutions for effective decision-making in maintenanceSponsors: Swedish railway administration, Vatenfall Vatenk- raö, Vatenfall Services & Saab Support ServiceResearchers: Mustafa aljumaili, Yasser ahmed Mahmood, olov Can-dell & ramin KarimObjective: this project aims to explore and describe how the appro-priate information logistics as support to the production of the maintenance process can be established.Duration: 2009 – 2013

eMaintenance solutions for predictive maintenance supportSponsor: KomatsuResearchers: liangwei Zhang, ramin Karim & phillip trettenObjective: the research aims to develop a concept that facilitates maintenance service provisioning through enhanced use of predic-tive maintenance based on on-line data collection and distributed data analysis. Duration: 2013 – 2014

ePilot119Sponsor: trafikverketResearcher: ramin KarimObjective: Increase cooperation and the charing of data amoungst railway-partners by using eMaintence. Duration: 2013 – 2016

Context-driven maintenance decision support in eMaintenanceSponsor: VattenfallResearchers: liangwei Zhang, ramin Karim & phillip trettenObjective: the objective of the research is to acquire, integrate, analyse data from heterogeneous, decentralized data sources and ex-tract valuable pattern from the chaos of data for supporting maintenance decision in hydropower plant.Duration: 2013 – 2014

Hybrid models for machinery diagnosis and prognosis Sponsor: SKFResearchers: Madhav Mishra, Juhamatti Saari, Diego Galar, Matti rantatalo & uday KumarObjective: this research strives to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of the rul (remaining useful life) of an asset by the development of hybrid modelsDuration: 2013– 2017

Cost efective availability enhancement of switches & crossings using reliability analysisSponsors: alStoM & trafikverketResearchers: Behzad Ghodrati & Marine parahyObjective: Developing a method to improve switches and crossings availability cost effectively through maintenance optimization using reli-ability analysis.

Enhanced Life Cycle Assessment for Perfor-mance-Based LogisticsSponsors: Vinnova (nFFp-5), Saab Support Service and luleå university of technologyResearchers: Jan Block and alireza ahmadiObjective: the purpose of this project is to develop methodolo-gies, tools and models to facilitate implementation of performance based logistics (pBl) concepts in aviation maintenance.Duration: 2009 – 2013

Efficient Performance Based Air Vehicle Maintenance: Sponsors: VInnoVa (nFFp-6), luleå university of technology,, Saab Sup-port and Services, SaaB aeronauticsResearchers: alireza ahmadi and Jan Block, amir-Hossein GarmabakiObjective: to develop decision support methodologies and tools to enhance the Fleet availability at minimum cost through maintenance process within performance-based logistic ConceptDuration: 2013-2016

Risk-based inspection interval for railway infra-structureSponsor: trafikverket

Researchers: alireza ahmadi, peter Söderholm and uday KumarObjective: the objective is to evaluate the application of MSG-3 methodology to assess the suscep-tibility of rail track to the different forms of structural deterioration, in different operational & environmental condition. Duration: 2012 – 2014

Link and effect model application through life cycle cost and return of investment analysisSponsors: trafikverket (the Swedish transport administration)Researchers: Christer Stenström, aditya parida & uday Kumar Objective: the aim of the project is to develop a “link and effect” model to improve the total effectiveness of the maintenance system for the railway infrastructure.Duration: 2010 – 2013

Improvement of Railway infrastructure Capacity through effective Maintenance PracticesSponsor: JVtCResearchers: Stephen M. Famurewa, Matthias asplund, Matti rantatalo & uday KumarObjective: the objectives of this project are to develop maintenance decision support models and deploy effective condition monitoring systems for critical items to reduce maintenance possession time.Duration: 2010 – 2014

Lean MiningSponsor: Center of advanced Mining and Metallurgy (CaMM)Researchers: uday Kumar, Behzad Ghodrati, Hadi Hoseinie, amol lanke, Håkan Schunnesson, Jan Johansson Objective: the goal is to build a state of the art research capability in the

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area of mine production system by focusing on the subprojects addressing the critiical issues to realise the vision of lean mining system.Duration: 2010 – 2014

Study of Maintenance Thresholds for railway track and vehiclesSponsor: trafikverketResearchers: Iman arasteh Khouy & p-o larson Kråik Objective: the outcome of this research will be in the form of a maintenance decision support model to specify cost-effective maintenance thresholds for railway track and wheels.Duration: 2009 – 2013

Integrated Reliability Analysis for Mainte-nance Strategies Optimization Sponsors: JVTCResearcher: Janet (Jing) lin Objective: this study aims to develop new models for integrated reliability analysis, by which to support decision mak-ing on maintenance strategies optimization.Duration: 2012 – 2013

Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Mining MachinerySponsor: Boliden Mineral aBResearchers: Farzaneh ahmadzadeh, Jan lundberg & Behzad Ghodrati Objective: to develop a neural network that is capable of predicting the Wear of liners in mining mills. Duration: 2013 – 2014

Optimum maintenance & LCC of mobile drilling machines in mining applicationsSponsors: Federal Govt. of Iraq, atlas Copco & Boliden Minerals aBResearchers: Hussan Hamodi, Jan lundberg & Behzad GhodratiObjective: this research aims to reduce downtime of drilling

rigs which are used in under-ground mines. the research is also dealing with economic life time of mining drilling rig. this study aims to identify the replacement age of drilling rigs from an economic point of view. Duration: 2011 – 2014

RAMS analysis of rail-way signalling systemsSponsors: JVtC, trafikverketResearcher: amparo MorantObjective: this research analyses the dependability and maintenance of railway signalling systems and proposes various approaches to improve mainte-nance performance.Duration: 2012 – 2015

Developing a method for the specification and selection criteria for technical systems and equipment Sponsor: trafikverketResearcher: Jan lundbergObjective: the aim of the project is to develop methods to find optimal technical specifica-tions and optimal selection of the products.Duration: 2010 – 2013

Improved availability & reduced life cycle cost of track switches Sponsor: trafikverketResearchers: Jens Jönsson, Jan lundberg & Matti rantataloObjective: the Swedish railway infrastructure manager faces challenges of demands on in-creasing traffic capacity and thus improvement of the switches and crossings (S&C). the aim is to identify important conditions that can improve availability and reduced life cycle cost of track switches.Duration: 2011 – 2016

Rock and Machine InterfaceSponsor: CaMMResearchers: rajib Ghosh, Håkan Schunnesson & uday

KumarObjective: the objective of this project is to understand and communicate rock mass behav-ior in real time with a special reference interface between rock mass/ore body and production machines.Duration: 2012 – 2017

(OptiKrea) Optimal methods for innovative product development and decision support Sponsors: Vossloh nordic Switch Systems, trafikverket, InfranordResearchers: anna Malou petersson, Matti rantatalo, Jan lundbergObjective: to generate a col-laboration between manager, suppliers and maintainers so that it drives the technical develop-ment of railway products, and especially turnouts, forward to achieve lower maintenance and life cycle costs as well as increased punctuality. the goal is to develop working methods facilitating innovation that are tailor-made for the railway sector.Duration: 2012 – 2016

Key Performance Indicators for control and management of maintenance process through eMaintenanceSponsors: lKaBResearchers: esi nunoo, aditya parida, ramin Karim, phillip trettenObjectives: 1. to support lKaB in achieving its production targets through assessment of the maintenance process efficiently. 2. to develop & assess the main-tenance process performance with appropriate metrics / ratios. 3. to provide integration of pIs/KpIs to meet the business needs through performance monitoring and development of a demonstrator to implement this key system through an eMainte-nance Solution Duration: 2013 – 2017

Increased production in systems effectiveness through condition monitoring and prognosticsSponsors: Vinnova, Boliden Mineral aB, lKaB, ringhals aB & Metso Minerals aBResearchers: rajiv Dandotiya, Filip Berglund, Jan lundberg & aditya paridaObjective: the objective is to increase the knowledge concerning optimum maintenance strategies of mill liners and crack propagation in mill shells.Duration: 2008 – 2012

Improvements in technical specifications and systematically evaluation of productsSponsor: trafikverketResearcher: Jan lundbergObjective: the aim of the project is to de-velop new methods for setting up of specifica-tions for optimal selection of the products.Duration: 2010 – 2012

Detection of internal flaws in railway manganese crossings by using Synthetic Aperture Focus Technology (SAFT)Sponsor: trafikverketResearcher: Jan lundbergObjective: the goal is to increase the capability to detect internal flaws and cracks in railway manganese crossing by means of SaFt.Duration: 2010 – 2012

Risk-based inspection interval for railway infrastructureSponsor: trafikverketResearcher: alireza ahmadiObjective: the objective is to develop a method to assess the susceptibility of rail track to the different forms of structural deteriora-tion, in different operational & environmental condition.Duration: 2011 – 2012

Condition monitoring of railway vehiclesSponsors: lKaB & trafikverketResearchers: Mikael palo, p-o larsson Kråik & uday KumarObjective: the aim of the study is to develop tools and methods for effective condition monitoring of railway vehicles.Duration: 2008 – 2012

Some of Completed Projects

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On-going European Union (EU) Projects within the framwork of FP7OPTIRAILDevelopment of a Smart Framework based on Knowledge to support Infrastructure Main-tenance decisions in railway networks Sponsors: eu, Fp7 (Seventh Framework programmeResearchers: Diego Galar, roberto Villarejo & uday Kumar Objective: the main objective targeted by the optIraIl project aims at developing a new tool, based on Fuzzy and Computa-tional Intelligence techniques and validated through two case studies, that will enable the better cross-border coordination for decision making of railway infrastructure maintenance across the european

SUSTRAIL (The sustainable freight railway)Sponsors: eu, Fp7 (Seventh Framework programme) Researchers: Matti rantatalo, Matias asplund & uday KumarObjective: the Sustrail objective is to contribute to the rail freight system to allow it to regain position and market, accounting for the increase of the demand of the total freight transport vol-umes: 40% (in tonne-kilometres) by 2030 and 80% by 2050; the shift of 30% of road freight over 300km to other modes. Duration: 2011 – 2014

AUTOMAIN Sponsors: eu, Fp7 (Seventh Framework programme) & trafikverket (the Swedish transport administratIon) Researchers: ulla Juntti, uday Kumar & aditya parida Objective: the aim of the pro-ject is to make the movement of freight by rail more dependable (reliable, available, maintain- able and safe) in order to generate additional capacity on the exist-ing network.Duration: 2011 – 2014

TREND (Test of Rolling Stock Electromagnetic Compatibility for cross-Domain Interoperability)Sponsors: eu Fp7 (Seventh Framework programme) Researchers: Diego Galar, uday Kumar & emilio rodríguez Objective: the main objective of the project is to the design of a test setup that enables the harmonization of freight and passengers rolling stock approval tests for electromagnetic com-patibility (eMC) focusing not only on interferences with broadcast-ing services but also on railway signalling systems.Duration: 2011 – 2014

iMain: Intelligent maintenance Sponsors: eu, Fp7 (Seventh Framework programme) Researchers: ramin Karim, phillip treten & uday Kumar Objective: the objective is to develop a novel decision support system for predictive mainte-nance. Duration: 2012-2015

MAINLINESponsors: eu Fp7 (Seventh Framework programme)Researcher: lennart elgrenObjective: the main obectives of the MaInlIne are to develop new technologies to extend the life of elderly railway infrastruc-ture across europe, improve degradation & structural models to develope more realistic life cycle cost & safety models and to investigate monitoring tech-niques to complement or replace existing examination methods.Duration: 2011 – 2014

Power OM: Power consumption driven Reliability, Operation and Maintenance optimisationSponsors: eu, Fp7 (Seventh Framework programme)Researchers: Diego Galar & uday KumarObjective: the aim of this project is to use the energy consumption monitoring and profiling, in an easy to implement condition based maintenance technique.Duration: 2012-2015

SAFT Inspect: Ultrasonic synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique for Inspection of Railways Crossings (Frogs)Sponsors: eu, Fp7 (Seventh Framework programme)Researchers: Matti rantatalo, Jan lundberg, Johan CarlssonObjective: SaFtInspect aims to develop an affordable and reliable ultrasonic inspection solution for sections of high manganese steel rail crossing points, which are used in the european railways. a non-de-structive testing (nDt) inspection solution will be developed in the project to facilitate early defect detection of crack defects at safety critical locations.

Other EU funded projectsBGLC (Bothnian Green Logistic Corridor)Sponsors: Baltic Sea region, the Bothanian CorridorResearchers: ulla Juntti & aditaya parida Objective: the overall objective of BGlC is to increase the integration between the northern Scandinavia and Barents, with its vast natural resources and increasing industrial production, with the industrial chain and end markets in the Baltic Sea region and central europe.Duration: 2011 – 2014

CETIA (Coastal Environment, Technology & Innovation in the Arctic)Sponsors: eu Kolartic & länsstyrelsen norrbotenResearchers: rupesh Kumar & uday Kumar Objective: there is a need for increased knowledge, education and training both to raise awareness and increase regionalcompetence to manage commercial activi-ties and manage the marine environment. In addition there is a need for increased innovation to monitor pollution and manage sensitive coastal environments.Duration: 2011 – 2014

arasteh khouy, I., Schunnesson, H., Juntti, u., nissen, a. & larsson-Kråik, p-o. 2013. evaluation of track geometry maintenance for a heavy haul railroad in Sweden - a Case Study. proceedings of the Institu-tion of Mechanical engineers, part F: Journal of rail and rapid transit, 0954409713482239, first published on March 25, 2013.

arasteh khouy, I., larsson-Kråik, p-o., nissen, a., Juntti, u., & Schunnesson, H. 2013. optimisation of track geom-etry inspection interval. proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical engineers, part F: Journal of rail and rapid transit, 0954409713484711, first published on april 16, 2013.

arasteh khouy, I., larsson-Kråik, p-o, nissen, a., lundberg, J. & Kumar, u. 2013. Geometrical degradation of railway turnouts - a Case Study from a Swedish heavy haul railroad. proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical engineers, part F: Journal of rail and rapid transit, 0954409713503320, first published on September 24, 2013.

Block, J., ahmadi, a. tyrberg, t. and Kumar, u. (2013) Fleet-level reliability analysis of repairable units: a non-parametric approach using the Mean Cumulative Function. International Journal of performability engineering. Vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 335. 346.

Berges, l., Galar, D. & Stenström, C. 2013. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of maintenance perfor-mance measurement: a data fusion approach. International Journal of Strategic engineering asset Manage-ment, 1(3), pp.238-252

Hoseini, S. H., ahmadi, a., Ghodrati, B., and Kumar, u. (2013), reliability-Centered Maintenance for Spray Jets of Coal Shearer Machine, Interna-tional Journal of reliability, Quality and Safety engineering, Vol. 20, no. 3, ID no. 1340006, 24 pp.

Famurewa, M. S., Xin t., rantatalo, M.& Kumar, u. 2013. ”optimization of maintenance track possession time: a tamping case study”, proceed-ings of the Institution of Mechanical engineers. part.F: Journal of rail rapid transit.

Garmabaki, a.H. S., ahmadi, a., Ka-pur, p. K., Kumar, u. (2013), predicting Software reliability in a Fuzzy Field environment, International Journal of reliability, Quality and Safety engineering, Vol. 20, no. 3, ID no. 1340001, 13 pp.

Gupta, S., rahber, a., ahmadi, a. and Kumar, u. (2013), a vector dissimilar-ity based approach for multi-criteria decision making, Submitted for peer review: International Journal of System assurance engineering and Management, DoI 10.1007/s13198-013-0187-0.

lin J, asplund M, parida a. 2013. reliability analysis for Degradation of locomotive Wheels using parametric Bayesian approach. Journal of Quality and reliability engineering Interna-tional. DoI: 10.1002/qre.1518

lin J, asplund M. 2013. Bayes-ian Semi-parametric analysis for locomotive Wheel Degradation using Gamma Frailties. Institution of Me-chanical engineers. proceedings. part F: Journal of rail and rapid transit. DoI: 10.1177/0954409713508759.

lin J, asplund M. 2013. Bayes-ian Semi-parametric analysis for locomotive Wheel Degradation using Gamma Frailties. Institu-tion of Mechanical engineers. proceedings. part F: Journal of rail and rapid transit. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409713508759

lin J, asplund M. 2014. a Compari-son Study for locomotive Wheels’ reliability assessment using the Weibull Frailty Model. accepted by Journal of eksploatacja i niezawod-

nosc - Maintenance and reliability.

lin J. an Integrated procedure for Bayesian reliability Inference using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Meth-ods. 2013. Journal of Quality and reliability engineering. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/264920

Mohammed, o. D. & rantatalo, M. 2013. Gear tooth crack detection using dynamic response analysis. Insight (northampton), 55 (8), pp. 417-421

Mohammed, o. D., rantatalo, M. & aidanpää, J-o. 2013. Improv-ing mesh stiffness calculation of cracked gears for the purpose of vibration-based fault analysis. engi-neering Failure analysis, 34(2013), pp. 235-251.

Mohammed, o. D., rantatalo, M., aidanpää, J-o. & Kumar, u. 2013. Vibration signal analysis for gear fault diagnosis with various crack progression scenarios. Mechanical Systems and Signal processing, 41(2013), pp. 176–195

Morant, a., Karim, r. & larsson-Kråik, p.-o. 2013. Information logistics for maintenance of railway signalling systems: a case study. International Journal of railway technology (accepted).

Morant, a., Karim, r., tretten, p. & larsson-Kråik, p.-o. 2013. Dependability improvement through configuration management – a study of railway signalling systems. International Journal of C o M a D e M. 16(4), pp. 31-40

Morant, a., Westerberg, M. & larsson-Kråik p.-o. 2013. Knowl-edge management in a railway network: the case of signalling systems. accepted in: the Second International Conference on railway technology: research, Development and Maintenance, april 8-11, 2014, Corsica, France.

Mahmood, Y. a., ahmadi, a., Verma, a. K. , Karim, r. & Kumar, u., avail-ability and reliability performance analysis of traction Frequency Con-verters – a case study. International review of electrical engineering (I.r.e.e.), vol. 8, 2013.

Mahmood, Y. a., ahmadi, a., Verma, a. K., Srividya, a., & Kumar, u., Fuzzy Fault tree analysis: a review of Concept and application. Inter-national Journal of Systems assur-ance engineering and Management, vol. 4, pp. 19-32, 2013.

Mahmood, Y. a., ahmadi, a. & Verma, a. K., Identification of Fre-quency Converter Models For avail-ability Improvement,” International Journal of electrical engineering, vol. 20, pp. 159 - 169, 2013.

Singh, S., Galar, D., Baglee., Bjo¨rling, S-e. 2013. Self-maintenance techniques: a smart approach towards self-maintenance system, International Journal of System assurance and Manage-ment, DoI 10.1007/s13198-013-0200-7

Karim, r., parida, a., Candell, o. & Kumar, u. 2014. eMaintenance industrial applications: Issues and challenges. engineering asset Man-agement 2011, DoI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4993-4_4.

Kour, r., Karim, r., parida, a. & Kumar, u. 2014. applications of radio frequency identification (rFID) technology with eMaintenance cloud for railway system. Interna-tional Journal of Systems assur-ance engineering and Management, 5(1), pp. 99-106

Kumar, u., Galar, D., parida, a., Stenström, C. & Berges, l. 2013. Maintenance performance metrics: a state-of-the-art review. Journal of Quality in Maintenance engineering, 19(3), pp.233-277

Journals Papers

24

Publications

25

Stenström, C., parida, a. & Galar, D. 2014. performance indicators of railway infrastructure’ International Journal of railway technology. International Journal of railway technology, 1(3), pp. 1-18

Stenström, C., parida, a., Galar, D. & Kumar, u. 2013. link and effect model for performance improvement of railway infrastructure. Institution of Mechani-cal engineers. proceedings. part F: Journal of rail and rapid transit, 27(4), pp.392-402

Stenström, C., parida, a., Kumar, u. & Galar, D. 2013. performance indica-tors and terminology for value driven maintenance. Journal of Quality in Maintenance engineering, 19(3), pp.222-232

Söderholm, p & norrbin, p. 2013 risk-based dependability approach to maintenance performance measure-ment. Journal of Quality in Maintenance engineering, 19(3), pp. 316 – 329.

thaduri, a., Verma, a. K., Vinod, G., Gopinath, r. & Kumar, u. Mar 2013. reliability prediction of semiconduc-tor devices using modified physics of failure approach. International Journal of Systems assurance engineering and Management, 4(1),pp.33-47

thaduri, a., Kumar, u., Verma, a. K., Vinod, G. & Gopinath, r. 2013. Failure modeling of constant fraction discrimi-nator using physics of failure approach. International Journal of reliability, Quality & Safety engineering,20(3),pp.1340002-1-1340002-26

thaduri, a., Kumar, u., Verma, a. K., Vinod, G. & Gopinath, r. 2013. Stress factor and failure analysis of constant fraction discriminator using design of experiments. International Journal of reliability, Quality & Safety engineering. 20(3),pp.1340003-1-1340003-28

25

Keynote/Invited speechuday Kumar delivered keynote speech: Context driven condition based maintenance, World Maintenance Forum, lugano, Switzerland , Sept 5-7, 2013.

aditaya parida delivered key note address on performance Measurement for managing en-gineering assets- some european experiences, In: 2nd International Conference on Industrial engineering ICIe, ISBn: 978-93-83083-37-4, november 20-22, 2013, Surat, India.

Diego Galar, 2013. Hybrid prognosis for railway health assessment: an informant fusion ap-proach for pHM deployment. pHM2013: 2013 prognostic System Health Management: Milan 8-11 September 2013. Zio, e, & Baraldi, p. (red). aIDIC Servizi S.r.l., Vol.33, s.769-774 6 s. (Chemical engineering transactions; nr33)

Diego Galar “SMart - Integrating human safety risk assessment with asset integrity”.the 3rd International Conference on Condition Monitor-ing of Machinery in non-Stationary operations (CMMn02013) held in Ferrara (Italy) during the 8th, 9th and loth of May 2013.

Diego Galar: Maintenance in Supply-Chain Man-agement: Does it create value?. Maintenance performance Measurement and Management 12th-13th September 2013, lappeenranta, FInlanD

Diego Galar, SMart bearings: From sensing to actuation, 12th IMeKo tC10 Workshop on technical Diagnostics, new perspectives in Measurements, tools and techniques for Indus-trial applications. June 6-7 Florence 201

Diego Galar, adding a sensing and analysis functionality to rolling element bearings “CoMaDeM the 26th International Congress of Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic engineer-ing Management 11-13 June Helsinki 2013. “SKF utC:

Diego Galar, “SMart assets: a maintenance view based on risk”. 13th peruvian Maintenance Congress. 18-19th october 2013.

Diego Galar, SMart asset: a robotic law approach”4th InternatIonal DQM ConFer-enCe on lIFe CYCle enGIneerInG anD

ManaGeMent , June 27-28, 2013, Belgrade, Serbia:

uday Kumar delivered Key note address on Strategic research Initiatives for Mining Industry: Issues and Challenges. International symposium on Mining technology, Mining as-sociates, Calcutta, India, Jan 28-30, 2014

per-olof larsson Kråiik delivered key note address on Condition Monitoring of railway systems – title: “How to get an oscar”. Swedish Centre for Innovation and Quality in the Built environment aGM, 12th Mars, In Swedish “FIa Dagen” .

per-olof larsson Kråiik delivered Key note adress to the 10th International Heavy Haul association Conference, hosted jointly by International Heavy Haul association (IHHa) and Indian railways at new Delhi, India from 4 to 6 February 2013.

alireza ahmadi invited key note title: optimum Failure Finding Inspection Dur-ing extended operation life. 3rd International Conference on recent advances in railway engineering (ICrare-2013), Iran university of science and technology – tehran – I.r. Iran –apr 30, May 1, 2013. Key note

alireza ahmadi, invited key note. title: reliability assurance through maintenance. the 3rd Inter-national Conference on reliability engineering IreC2014- Feb. 4-5, 2014 amirkabir university of technology, tehran, Iran.

Behzad Ghodrati, Invited key note.title: reli-ability analysis of Switches and Crossings in Swedish railway. 3rd International Conference on recent advances in railway engineering (ICrare-2013), Iran university of science and technology – tehran – I.r. Iran –apr 30, May 1, 2013.

ahmadi, a., Ghodrati B., rantatalo, M. 2013, optimum Failure Finding Inspection During extended opera-tion life. In proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on recent advances in railway engineering (ICrare), tehran, Iran, apr 30- May 1.

arasteh khouy, I., larsson-Kråik, p-o, nissen, a., & Kumar, u. 2013. Geometrical degradation of switches and crossings on a Swedish heavy haul railroad : a case study. In: 10th International Heavy Haul association Conference (IHHa), February 4-6, 2013, new Delhi, India.

al-Chalabi, H., lundberg, J. & Jons-sonc, a. 2013. economic lifetime of a drilling machine: a case study on mining industry. In: 2 nd International Conference on Maintenance perfor-mance Measurement and Manage-ment (MpMM 2013), September 12-13, 2013, lappeenranta, Finland.

arasteh khouy, I , larsson Kråik, p-o, nissen, a, & Kumar, u 2013, ‘Geometrical degradation of Switches and Crossings in Swedish heavy haul railroad - a Case Study’, International Heavy Haul association Conference, February 4-6, 2013, new Delhi, India. (Submitted and accepted in 2012 but presented in 2013)

arasteh khouy, I, Schunnesson, H, Juntti, u, nissen, a & larsson-Kråik, p-o 2013, ‘evaluation of track ge-ometry maintenance for heavy haul railroad in Sweden- a Case Study’, Journal of rail and rapid transit. (submitted in 2012 but accepted and printed in 2013)

arasteh khouy, I, larsson-Kråik, p-o, nissen, a & Juntti, u 2013, ‘optimi-zation of track Geometry Inspection Interval’, Journal of rail and rapid transit. (submitted in 2012 but ac-cepted and printed in 2013)

Block, J., ahmadi, a., tyrberg, t. (2014) using Monte Carlo Simulation

as Support for Decision Making While negotiating a pBl Contract, In proceedings of: Ieee aerospace conference. March 2014, Montana, uSa.

Famurewa, S. M., Xin t., rantatalo, M. & Kumar, u. 2013. Comparative study of track geometry quality pre-diction models. In: 10th International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Machinery Failure prevention technologies. June 18-20, 2013, Krakow, poland.

Famurewa, M. S., asplund, M., pari-da, a., Kumar, u. 2013. ”Composite indicator for railway infrastructure management”. In: 26th International Congress of Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic engineering Manage-ment (CoMaDeM), June 11-13, 2013, Helsinki, Finland.

lin J, pulido J, asplund M. 2014. analysis for locomotive Wheels’ Degradation. Conference proceed-ings. the 60th annual reliability and Maintainability Symposium (raMS® 2014). January 27-30, Springs, Colorado, uSa.

lin J, asplund M, parida a. 2013. Bayesian parametric analysis for re-liability Study of locomotive Wheels. Conference proceedings. the 59th annual reliability and Maintainability Symposium (raMS® 2013). Janu-ary 28-31, orlando, Fl, uSa.

Mikael p, lin J, per-olof larsson-Kråik. Maintenance performance Im-provement for rolling Stock Wheels. Conference proceedings. September, 2013, in: pHM2013: 2013 prognos-tic and System Health Management: Milan 8-11 September 2013. Zio, e. & Baraldi, p. (red.).aIDIC Servizi S.r.l. Vol. 33,s. 727-732.6 s. (Chemical engineering transactions; nr 33).

Mahmood, Y.a., ahmadi, a., Verma, a.K., Identifying the Critical of Frequency Converter Models. BInDt conference, 18-20 June, 2013, Krakow, poland.

Morant, a., Westerberg, M. & larsson-Kråik p.-o. 2013. Knowl-edge management in a railway network: the case of signalling systems. accepted in: the Second International Conference on railway technology: research, Development and Maintenance, april 8-11, 2014, Corsica, France.

rodríguez, e., Karki, n. r., Galar, D., Valderas, D. & niska, S. 2013. Fault detection of railway eMC problems using MatlaB models. In: Inter-national Conference on Condition Monitoring and Machinery Failure prevention technologies (CM 2013 and MFpt 2013 – BInDt), June 18-20, 2013, Cracow, poland.

rodríguez, e., Galar, D., niska, S. & Karki, n. r. 2013. Simulation of electrical power supply system in railway infrastructure. Integration with rolling stock in Sweden. In: 5th International Conference on power & energy Systems: advances in power Systems, october 20-30, 2013, Kathmandu, nepal.

rodríguez, e., Simón, V., Galar, D. & niska, S. 2013. Dependability issues of track Circuits - a hybrid approach. accepted In: Second International Conference on railway technology: research, Development and Main-tenance. april 08-11, 2014, ajaccio, Corsica, France.

Kour, r., Karim, r., parida, a. 2013. Cloud Computing for Maintenance performance Improvement. In: 2nd International Conference on Indus-trial engineering ICIe, november 20-22, 2013, Surat, India.

Stenström, C., Carlson, J.e. & lundberg, J. 2013. Mining mill condition monitoring using water jet ultrasonics. In: 2012 Ieee Interna-tional ultrasonics Symposium (IuS), Dresden, Germany, pp.1913-1916

Singh, S., Galar, D., Kumar, u., olivei-ra, r., Farinha, t. 2013. augmented reality - technology for effective

Maintenance in railway Sector, In: 2nd International Conference on Industrial engineering ICIe, ISBn: 978-93-83083-37-4, november 20-22, 2013, Surat, India.

thaduri, a., Verma, a.K., Vinod, G., Kumar, u. (2013). reliability predic-tion of Constant Fraction Discrimina-tor using modified poF approach. In: Ieee proceedings on the 59th annual reliability and Maintainability Symposium (raMS 2013), January 28-31, orlando, Florida, uSa, pp. 1-7

thaduri, a., Verma, a.K., Kumar, u. (2013). Comparison of reliability prediction Methods using life Cycle Cost analysis. In: Ieee proceedings on the 59th annual reliability and Maintainability Symposium (raMS 2013), January 28-31, orlando, Florida, uSa, pp. 1-7

oliveira, r., Farinha, t., Singh, S., Galar, D. 2013. an augmented reality application to Support Main-tenance- Is It possible ?. In: interna-tional conference on Maintenance performance Measurement and Management, September 12-13, 2013 lappeenranta, FInlanD

Conference Papers

26

Partners& sPonsors

edited by: Sarbjeet Singh, rupesh Kumar, Katarina Grankvist27

Div. of operation & Maintenance engineering, luleå university of technology, Se – 971 87, luleå, Sweden

tel: +46 920 49 1000, Fax: +46 920 49 1935

Website: www.ltu.se

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