majapahit’s ruin wall and mystery behind it yohanes … · “majapahit’s ruin wall and mystery...

“MAJAPAHIT’S RUIN WALL AND MYSTERY BEHIND IT”

YOHANES LUKAS DONY ANGGORO 1) and AFRIANDINNI OKTYAN HERDYANTI 2)

supervisor: Abdul Kusaeri, M.Pd.

SMPN 26 Surabaya, East-Java [email protected]. Juara 2 Category History LPB Sosial Nasional 2019

1. INTRODUCTION

On https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/majapahit it is

written “....although brick had been used in the candi of

Indonesian’s classical age, it was Majapahit architects of

the 14th and 15th centuries who mastered it. Making use

of vine sap and palm sugar mortar, their temples had

strong geometric quality.......”. This research is after this

sentence statement about the way Majapahit architect was

built kingdom wall. Is their method really use vine sap and

palm sugar mortar on the 14th and 15th century? So this

research is beginning. As it is known this WEB site is also

referring to historian expertise book this means this

statement is also valid as knowledge information.

2. PROBLEM

This research is starting from key sentence “... vine sap

and palm sugar mortar ....” as it is known there was no

Portland cement method to construct wall at that century.

Really? The following question about Majapahit architect

method to construct Majapahit’s wall is following and

becoming this research problem.

1. How much strength force their method?

2. How much strength life time their method?

To answer those question is need more just discover

script translation to understand it and this research will

figure it out how did Majapahit architect construct

Majapahit wall?

3. METHOD

There are many location site on Majapahit ruin so with

these consideration this research is choose pick up data

observation and investigation.

The main objective of this observation is on material

inter ruin clay brick on candi Gentong. The consideration

reason of picking up candi Gentong as observation site

because candi Gentong site is still relatively origin as

discovery remain ruin. It is not reconstructed yet.

The second observation objective is gerbang Waringin

Lawang site and it is used as comparator observation

because of this Majapahit ruin site is already reconstructed

this mean on this site is already touched by modern

process.

Third observation site is candi Brahu, the reason of

picking up this site because of this site is already have

unique data of Majapahit clay brick material data strength

against modern technology the people who rebuilt this

candi.

Second method is reconstruction under scaling

experiment to gathering strength force of Majapahit wall

as in time they built the Majapahit wall structure. Both

using method as is written on the WIKI and using other

method that found from initial observation analysis during

observation process and compare it. Picture 1. Is

visualizing about this process.

Third method in used is test the scaling structure as is

explained in picture.1 with simple JIG as is shown in

picture 2. Research objective is measure structure shear

strength in Newton/m2 and compare those scaling sample

structure.

Spring with measured constant is placed on

miniaturized jig test as is shown in picture 2. Screw is

attached at the end of spring and structured look like in the

picture. Every degree of screw rotation is going to push

spring smaller and spring starting giving reaction force to

Picture 1. Illustration about structure that is adhesive

with in applied materials to build it.

Picture 2. Miniaturized wall structure JIG test.

https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/majapahit





push screw back and giving shear force to the clay brick.

In math equation it can be written

F = k X (N) ... (1)

Where F is spring force (Newton), X is spring reduce in

position meanwhile k is spring constant (N/m).

Shear area is defined in picture 2 in m2. So shear force (SF)

is formulated as

SF = F/m2 (N/m2) ... (2)

This SF result is actually adhesive force of Majapahit wall

strength. By compare the result of method as is written on

NET literacy against other method this research that is

using furnace dry clay mud.

Other method is internet surfing with “Majapahit” key

word to gathering more information about research

objective.

4. RESULT

Observation in candi Brahu site in photographic is

shown in picture 3.

As is shown on picture 4. Reconstruction of candi Brahu

uses Portland cement as adhesive material to rebuilt this

structure. It is amazing, because of clay brick remain from

Majapahit edge ruin is stronger than new clay brick

material from now on that is used. 14th – 15th edge of clay

brick material on the site still in good condition meanwhile

clay brick from 1990th is abrasive by weather.

Observation on Waringin Lawang site in photo

graphic as is shown on picture 6.

Waringin Lawang site condition is not different than

candi Brahu site. It is reconstructed well. Measuring brick

dimension in this site as is shown table 1.

Picture 3. Reconstructed candi on candi Brahu site

Picture 4. Zooming photographic spot on

reconstructed candi of candi Brahu site

Picture 6. Reconstructed Waringin Lawang site

Picture 7. Reconstructed Waringin Lawang site





Table 1. Clay brick dimension on Waringin Lawang

parameter Clay brick dimension

(cm)

wide 19

length 33

thick 5

Material inter clay brick gap collected is also clay brick

but a little bit bulk.

Observation on candi Gentong as is shown on picture

10. This site is relatively untouched because still as is this

site excavated. Interviewing with the guard site about

reason in this is because of unrevealed the shape of

architecture of this candi Gentong and this means how

does this candi shape is undefined.

On this site also pick up clay brick gap data and

measuring clay brick dimension. Clay brick gap material

is also clay brick but a little bit bulk than brick itself.

Result of clay brick material measurement is shown on

table 2.

Average clay brick thick dimension on candi Gentong site

is 3 cm higher than on Waringin Lawang.

Table 2. Clay brick dimension on candi Gentong site

parameter Clay brick dimension

(cm)

wide 19

length 33

thick 8

Picked up material between clay brick gap as is shown

on picture 9 (on Waringin Lawang site) and picture 11 (on

candi Gentong site) is actually similar with clay brick

Picture 10. Unreconstructed candi Gentong

Picture 9. Pick up material between clay bricks gab

Picture 11. Pick up material between clay bricks gab

on candi Gentong site.

Picture 12. Measuring clay brick dimension on

candi Gentong site.





Picture 17. Furnaces dry clay mud. It is strongly

support clay bricks on miniaturized structure.

material but a little bit bulk. Scratch strength to pick up

those materials on Waringin Lawang site is higher (more

difficult) than on candi Gentong site. With this fact this

research continues to next step method. As is explained in

method, miniaturized engineering reconstruction model

method is used. Miniaturized is in 1:2 refer to original clay

brick size.

Let process as is shown in picture 14 dry in few days

with not rain condition and in same time let vine sap and

palm sugar mortar waiting until clay mud adhesive dry

and outdoor burn furnished before these miniaturized

sample under shear tension force test as is explaining on

picture 2.

In time miniaturized bricks processing as is shown on

picture 13 is constructed, it is amazing because clay bricks

in instant stick together strongly. Meanwhile clay mud

material is still waiting dry in process. After 3 days waiting

and occurring with second miniaturized sample burning in

opened furnace this condition on both sample is reporting

1. First sample material as is written in WIKI result is

bricks construction disassembled apart as is shown in

picture 15.

2. Second sample material as used in this research is

remain solid and stiff and ready to burn in opened

furnace as is shown in picture 16.

Final result of furnace clay mud as adhesive of the

structure is shown on picture 17 and placing on the simple

construction JIG as is shown on picture 18.

Test result of this sample on simple construction test

JIG is shown on table 3.

Picture 13. adhesive boiled vine sap and palm sugar

mortar is used as is written on WIKI or any historian

expertise books as WIKI’s references.

Picture 14. Refer to picked up material between clay

brick as is explained clay mud is also in used as

comparator.

Picture 15. Vine sap and palm sugar mortar adhesive

is gone. It is absorbed by bricks and melted after 3

days.

Picture 16. Opened furnace burning for dry clay mud

as bricks adhesive in structure.





Picture 18. Furnaces clay mud adhesive in miniaturized

under shear tension stress in simple JIG test.

With spring constant is measured K = 270 N/m and uses 2

pieces spring in used and shear area = 0.016 m2.

Table 3. JIG test result uses equation (1) and (2)

Adhesive material Shear force (N/m2)

vine sap and palm sugar mortar 0 (disassembled)

Furnaces dry clay mud adhesive More than 33,840

Result found from Majapahit information that is

connected with Majapahit wall, sugar, vine sap and palm

sugar and other interesting information is written in here

in after.

1. http://sejarahmajapahitlengkap.blogspot.com/2017/05/

12-prasasti-kerajaan-majapahit-sebagai.htm?m=1

Katiden tablet is written ”...free taxes for people in 11

district villages of Katiden territory because of

extraordinary duty the people to take care vine jungle

on Lejar mountain.

2. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit it is written

on military sub topic “ ..... the main warship of

Majapahit navy was the Jong. The Jong were large

transport ships which could carry 500 – 800 tons of

cargo and 200 – 1000 people. 70 -180 meters in length.

Jong from 1420 has a carrying capacity of 2000 tons

and nearly crossed the Atlantic Ocean”

3. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit it is written

on Architecture sub topic “....although brick (clay brick

exactly) had been used in the candi of Indonesia’s

classical age, it was Majapahit architects of the 14th

and 15th centuries who mastered it. Making use of vine

sap and palm sugar mortar, their temples had strong

geometric quality”

5. CONCLUSION

Research result is reveal that is impossible to build

Majapahit’s red wall with vine sap and palm sugar

mortar. Majapahit architect had been used clay mud to

assembled clay brick to build Majapahit wall. And it used

massive heat energy to furnace Majapahit wall too. This

research is also heading to another possibility conclusion

about script written in it and tablet written in it, there is

connection between Majapahit’s wall erection and palm

sugar production consider of massive heat energy is used.

Remark the Klatiden tablet that is shown King of

Majapahit concern to the vine jungle on Lejar mountain

that this researcher believes as sugar cane (Saccharum

Poacaea) jungle because of Majapahit people was not

known how to organized this plant in farm mechanization

so they let those plant and remain it as wild jungle.

This palm sugar is actually main military ration of

Majapahit military fleet in the sea and the ocean and its

proven as also written on historian expertise book’s that

Majapahit fleet had ability to sail to Madagascar island

away from their home land and landed and stayed there

because run out of palm sugar.

Base on description of conclusion, we are Yohanes Lukas

Dony Anggoro and Afriandinni Oktyan Herdyanti have a

theory about the Majapahit wall and mystery behind it,

“Majapahit architect who built Majapahit’s wall used

clay mud to assembly the wall and used huge thermal

energy to fix it and beside they built wall they also cooked

palm sugar as commodity and military ration for

Majapahit fleet food used same huge energy to cooked

it”

REFERENCES

1. http://sejarahmajapahitlengkap.blogspot.com/2017/

05/12-prasasti-kerajaan-majapahit-

sebagai.htm?m=1 and historian expertise book and

literacy behind it.

2. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit and also

historian expertise book and literacy behind it.

3. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit and also

historian expertise books and literacy behind it.

4.

YOUTUBE VIDEO PRESENTATION LINK

https://youtu.be/aTU6NKqqZSY

http://sejarahmajapahitlengkap.blogspot.com/2017/05/12-prasasti-kerajaan-majapahit-sebagai.htm?m=1


http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit







https://youtu.be/aTU6NKqqZSY

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