majda zorec karlovsek...rtds/high-strength premixes eastern europe, central asia estonia, ukraine,...

Europe

Majda Zorec Karlovsek

Assist. Professor

University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Institute of

Forensic Medicine

6 May 2013

Global Road Safety Week -

UNECE – ICAP symposium

Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving

2

European Region53 countries

53 countries –-many differences in fatality rates

European Region: Road fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants (WHO 2013, data of 49 countries, year

2010)

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49Roa

d fa

talit

ies

per

100

000

inha

bita

nts

6 May 2013




3

European Region

2.4 Iceland 2.8 Sweden

18.6 Russian Federation21.1 Kazakhstan

Pedestrians: percent of road crash fatalities:

average 27%; range from 3 to 44% (Armenia, Slovakia)

6 May 2013




4

European Region

European Region: Percent of pedestrians among road traffic fatalities (WHO 2013, 48 countries, 2010)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46

% o

f p

edes

tria

ns

Percent of cyclists fatalities: average 4%; range from 0 to 25% (Netherlands)

6 May 2013




5

European Region

European Region: Percent of cyclists fatalities (WHO 2013, 49 countries, year 2010)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49

% o

f cy

clis

ts

Percent of motorcyclists fatalities: average 12%; range from 0 to 35% (Cyprus, other Mediterranean countries)

6 May 2013




6

European Region

European Region: Percent of motorcyclists fatalities (WHO 2013, 49 countries, year 2010)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52

% o

f m

oto

rcyc

list

s

6 May 2013




7

Alcohol related fatalities: average 18,9%, mediane 15%, range from 1% (FYR Macedonia) to 63% Lituania, 59% Kyrgyzistan

European Region

European Region: Reported % of road traffic deaths involving alcohol (WHO 2013, data of 44 countries, year 2010)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43% o

f ro

ad f

atal

itie

s in

volv

ing

alc

oh

ol

European Union (EU) - drink-driving data:

• 1% - 4.5% drivers (BAC over 0.05%) behind the wheel

• 10-12% of drivers (BAC over 0.05%) involved in an accident

• 25-33% of drivers (BAC over 0.05%) among fatally injured

persons

• 32-64 % of pedestrians (BAC over 0.05%) among fatally

injured persons

Detected BAC values of fatally injured pedestrians are higher

than the BAC of drivers, cyclists and motorcyclists.

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8

European Region

• Alcohol consumption

• Drinking patterns

• Alcohol related harm

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Alcohol use in the region

European Region

Alcohol consumption

FACTS:

• The highest adult per capita alcohol

consumption in the world: 10L and over

• Trends in adult per capita consumption

since 1990: Europe in average: stable and high

Eastern Europe: rise in drinking (1997-2011)

• Prefered beverages: beer, wine, spirits

6 May 2013




10


European Region

6 May 2013




11

Alcohol consumption

European Region

6 May 2013




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Alcohol consumption

European Region

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European Region

Region Countries Traditional

alcohol

consumed

Current trends in

alcohol consumed

Southern

Europe

France, Italy, Spain Wine Increase in beer

Northern

Europe

Sweden, Finland,

Norway, Denmark

Beer, spirits Increase in wine

Central

Europe

Germany, Czech,

Hungary, Slovenia

Beer, wine,

spirits

Increase in

RTDs/high-

strength premixes

Eastern

Europe,

Central Asia

Estonia, Ukraine,

Russia, Kazhakstan

etc

Spirits

(home made

beverages)

Beer

Drinking patterns

gender and age differences

• men are still more likely to be drinkers, and women

abstainers.

• men drink large quantities per occasion and more

often than women.

• Young adults drink heavily or large quantities per

occasion and more often than older age groups.

6 May 2013




14


European Region

Drinking patterns

Growing concern:

• under-age drinking,

• increased levels of drunkenness and binge use

of alcohol for recreational purposes

• increased percent of young women involved in

binge drinking

6 May 2013




15


European Region

• Alcohol related harm

Not the type of alcoholic beverage,

• the amount of alcohol consumed,

• the frequency of drinking,

• the amount of alcohol consumed at one occasion,

• the frequency of heavy drinking

increase the risk of alcohol related harm.

6 May 2013




16


European Region

Alcohol related harm:

Road fatalities and injuries

• drink driving

• drink walking

Young males are particularly over-represented in

alcohol-affected pedestrian deaths.

Primary idea: Road crashes are preventable

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17

Main challenges in preventing road crashes involving alcohol and

VRUs in the region

European Region

6 May 2013




18

Preventative measures - Haddon matrix

European Region

Crash

phase

Type of

prevention

Description Example

Pre-

crash

Primary

prevention

Removal of circumstances that

cause injury

Crash

phase

Secondary

prevention

Reducing the severity of injury

when a crash occurs

Post-

crash

phase

Tertiary

prevention

Optimal treatment to reduce

likelihood of fatality and long-term

injury severity as well as

rehabilitation

Decade of Action Plan

1. Road safety managment

2. Safe roads and mobility

3. Safe vehicles

4. Safe road users

5. Post crash response

6 May 2013




19

European Region

Safe roads for all traffic participants

6 May 2013




20

European Region

Decade of

Action Plan

Issue Examples of effective

interventions in Europe /Slovenia

Road safety

managment

Comprehensive data collection – serious injuries and fatalities

Sweden, Finland – investigation of all crashes with fatalities and serious injuries,Slovenia started, too.

Safe roads

and

mobility

Road design to reduce speed and for VRUS,

Speed limits (50, 30, 10 km/h) in high pedestrians zones: no more deaths or injured children near schools


6 May 2013




21

European Region

Decade of

Action Plan

Issue Examples of effective

interventions in Europe /Slovenia

Safe vehicles Vehicle design

Safe pedestrian fronts

EURO NCAP


6 May 2013




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European Region

Decade of

Action Plan

Issue Examples of effecive interventions in

Europe/Slovenia

Safe road

users

Nighttime visibility Pedestrians awareness campaigns: “Be visible”

Post crash

responseRehabilitation for repeat

offenders

Rehabilitation programmes for repeat

offenders, treatment for addicted persons

(pilot studies with interlocks)

Active role of medical doctors in

counselling drivers committed a traffic

offence.

• 100% of countries in the region have drink-drive

legislation

• Significant differences within the region in road

traffic injury rates.

• High-level of alcohol consumption

• Growning problem of drink-walking

• Continued problem of drink-driving, especially in

the East

6 May 2013




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Observations from the region

European Region

• UN to work with governments to apply UN

Decade target to alcohol impaired VRU fatality

reductions

• Governments should prioritize VRU safety

• Improve data collection and analysis on crashes

involving VRUs (hospital, police)

• Promote evidence based solutions and

evaluation of measures

• Encourage public awareness and discussion

before mandatory controls.6 May 2013




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Recommendations for moving forward

European Region

Thank you!

[email protected]

6 May 2013




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majda zorec karlovsek...rtds/high-strength premixes eastern europe, central asia estonia, ukraine,...

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