major connectors in rpd
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
1/47
Major ConnectorsMajor Connectors
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
2/47
Functions of a Major ConnectorFunctions of a Major Connector
Unification
Partial denture acts as one unit
Connects various parts
Unification
Partial denture acts as one unit
Connects various parts
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
3/47
Functions of a Major ConnectorFunctions of a Major Connector
Stress Distribution
Distributes functional loads to both
teeth & mucosa
Stress Distribution
Distributes functional loads to both
teeth & mucosa
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
4/47
Functions of a Major ConnectorFunctions of a Major Connector
Cross-Arch Stabilization
(Counterleverage)
Bracing elements on one side of thearch providing stability to the other
Cross-Arch Stabilization
(Counterleverage)
Bracing elements on one side of thearch providing stability to the other
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
5/47
Requirements of a Major ConnectorRequirements of a Major Connector
Rigidity
Functions as one unit
Rigidity
Functions as one unit
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
6/47
To Increase RigidityTo Increase Rigidity
Use a more rigid alloy
Chrome-cobalt > gold alloys; cast > wrought
Shape
1/2 round > 1/2 pear shaped > flat bars
Use a more rigid alloy
Chrome-cobalt > gold alloys; cast > wrought
Shape
1/2 round > 1/2 pear shaped > flat bars
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
7/47
To Increase RigidityTo Increase Rigidity
Increase the bulk as the length increases
Corrugate linguo-plate or rugae areas
Increase the bulk as the length increases
Corrugate linguo-plate or rugae areas
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
8/47
RequirementsRequirements
Non-Interference with Tissues
Should not enter undercut areas
avoid by changing path of insertion
or by using blockout
Non-Interference with Tissues
Should not enter undercut areas
avoid by changing path of insertion
or by using blockout
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
9/47
Non-Interference With TissuesNon-Interference With Tissues
Avoid terminating on:
Free gingival margin
Cross abruptly at 90o
Relief is used to minimize
impingement
Avoid terminating on:
Free gingival margin
Cross abruptly at 90o
Relief is used to minimize
impingement
(Fig 2-17, Stewart's)
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
10/47
Non-Interference With TissuesNon-Interference With Tissues
Avoid terminating on:
Hard structures such as the mid-
palatal suture or mandibular tori
Place relief
Avoid terminating on:
Hard structures such as the mid-
palatal suture or mandibular tori
Place relief
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
11/47
Non-Interference With TissuesNon-Interference With Tissues
Avoid terminating on:
Lingual frenum & the movable soft palate
Soft tissue movements must also be allowed
Careful intraoral exam
Avoid terminating on: Lingual frenum & the movable soft palate
Soft tissue movements must also be allowed
Careful intraoral exam
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
12/47
Minimize Food ImpactionMinimize Food Impaction
Locate margins away from the FGM
Eliminate "traps" or large concavities
where food can collect
Locate margins away from the FGM
Eliminate "traps" or large concavities
where food can collect
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
13/47
UnobtrusiveUnobtrusive
Smooth transition from connector to
denture base - butt joint
Smooth transition from connector to
denture base - butt joint
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
14/47
UnobtrusiveUnobtrusive
Line angles and edges should be smooth
and rounded
Borders should not interfere with speech
Line angles and edges should be smooth
and rounded
Borders should not interfere with speech
(Fig 2-21, Stewart's)
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
15/47
Mandibular Major ConnectorsMandibular Major Connectors
Lingual Bar
Lingual Plate
Continuous Bar
Lingual Bar
Lingual Plate
Continuous Bar
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
16/47
Mandibular Major ConnectorsMandibular Major Connectors
Lingual Bar
Most common in mandibe
Use whenever possible
Lingual Bar
Most common in mandibe
Use whenever possible
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
17/47
Mandibular Major ConnectorsMandibular Major Connectors
Lingual Bar
Shape
Flat on tissue side
Convex or tear-drop on
tongue side
(1/2 pear shape, with
thin edge toward teeth)
Lingual Bar
Shape
Flat on tissue side
Convex or tear-drop on
tongue side
(1/2 pear shape, with
thin edge toward teeth)
(Fig 2-35, Stewart's)
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
18/47
Mandibular Major ConnectorsMandibular Major Connectors
Lingual Bar
Size
Occluso-gingival width = 4 to 6 mm
Thickness = l.5 to 2 mm
Lingual Bar
Size
Occluso-gingival width = 4 to 6 mm
Thickness = l.5 to 2 mm
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
19/47
Inferior Border MandibleInferior Border Mandible
Patient lifts tongue
Activates floor of mouth
Measure from tip of probe to free
gingival margin
Patient lifts tongueActivates floor of mouth
Measure from tip of probe to free
gingival margin
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
20/47
Inferior Border MandibleInferior Border Mandible
Record values in chart, transfer to cast Record values in chart, transfer to cast
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
21/47
Lingual BarLingual Bar Position
Superior border
l.5-2.0 mm or more below FGM
As far from gingival margin as
possible
PositionSuperior border
l.5-2.0 mm or more below FGM
As far from gingival margin aspossible
(Fig 2-15, Stewart's)
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
22/47
Potential ImpingementPotential Impingement
Anterior major connector moves toward tissueas the posterior portion is loaded
Space needed more when ridge is less vertical
Anterior major connector moves toward tissueas the posterior portion is loaded
Space needed more when ridge is less vertical
(Fig 2-33, Stewart's)
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
23/47
Mandibular Major Connector ReliefMandibular Major Connector Relief
Eliminates impingement
Wax spacer (relief) placed under major
connector
one thickness of 30 gauge wax
Eliminates impingement Wax spacer (relief) placed under major
connector
one thickness of 30 gauge wax
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
24/47
Lingual Plate (Linguoplate)Lingual Plate (Linguoplate)
Lingual bar with extension over cingula ofanterior teeth
Use where a lingual bar cannot be used
Lingual bar with extension over cingula ofanterior teeth
Use where a lingual bar cannot be used
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
25/47
Lingual Plate IndicationsLingual Plate Indications
Potential Impingement from lingual bar
High floor of the mouthProminent lingual frenum
Lingual tori
Potential Impingement from lingual bar
High floor of the mouth
Prominent lingual frenum
Lingual tori
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
26/47
Lingual PlateLingual Plate
Rest at each end of lingual plate
Prevents forces being directed facially
Easier denture tooth addition than bar
Rest at each end of lingual plate
Prevents forces being directed facially
Easier denture tooth addition than bar
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
27/47
Lingual Plate VariationsLingual Plate Variations
May show through embrasures May show through embrasures
(Fig 2-41 & 43, Stewart's)
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
28/47
Continuous Bar Retainer(Kennedy Bar, Double Lingual Bar)
Continuous Bar Retainer(Kennedy Bar, Double Lingual Bar)
Lingual bar with secondary bar above
cingula
Secondary bar acts as indirect retainer
Lingual bar with secondary bar above
cingula
Secondary bar acts as indirect retainer
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
29/47
Continuous Bar RetainerContinuous Bar Retainer
Potential food trap between two bars
Normally avoid
Potential food trap between two bars
Normally avoid
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
30/47
Maxillary Major ConnectorsMaxillary Major Connectors
Anterior-Posterior Palatal Strap
Full Palatal Strap
Palatal Strap
Anterior Palatal Strap
Anterior-Posterior Palatal Strap
Full Palatal Strap
Palatal Strap
Anterior Palatal Strap
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
31/47
Maxillary Major ConnectorsMaxillary Major Connectors
Terminate 4.0 mm or more from free
gingival margin when possible
Terminate 4.0 mm or more from free
gingival margin when possible
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
32/47
Anterior-Posterior Palatal StrapAnterior-Posterior Palatal Strap
Maximum rigidity
Minimum bulk
Use in most cases
Especially torus palatinus
Maximum rigidity Minimum bulk
Use in most cases
Especially torus palatinus
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
33/47
Anterior-Posterior Palatal BarAnterior-Posterior Palatal Bar
A narrow (A-P) variation of anterior-posterior palatal strap
Double palatal bar connector
Requires greater bulk for rigidity
A narrow (A-P) variation of anterior-
posterior palatal strap
Double palatal bar connector
Requires greater bulk for rigidity
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
34/47
Anterior-Posterior Palatal BarAnterior-Posterior Palatal Bar
More objectionable to the patient
Strap connectors provide greater
distribution of stresses
More objectionable to the patient
Strap connectors provide greater
distribution of stresses
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
35/47
Full Palatal PlateFull Palatal Plate
Maximum tissue support
Connector of choice in long distal
extension cases
Six or less anterior teeth remain
Maximum tissue support
Connector of choice in long distal
extension cases
Six or less anterior teeth remain
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
36/47
Full Palatal PlateFull Palatal Plate
Abutments are periodontally involved
Maximum stress distribution
Flabby tissue
Shallow palatal vault
Abutments are periodontally involved
Maximum stress distribution
Flabby tissue
Shallow palatal vault
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
37/47
Full Palatal PlateFull Palatal Plate
Greater stability and stress distribution
Not used with torus
Increases retention
Greater stability and stress distribution
Not used with torus
Increases retention
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
38/47
Full Palatal PlateFull Palatal Plate
Connector should:
Be fabricated of uniformly thin metal
Have accurate anatomic reproduction
of the ruggae
improves strength and rigidity
Connector should:
Be fabricated of uniformly thin metal
Have accurate anatomic reproduction
of the ruggae
improves strength and rigidity
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
39/47
Full Palatal PlateFull Palatal Plate
Connector should: Cover same area as complete denture
posteriorly
Have large surface area of mucosal contact
improves potential for retention
Connector should:
Cover same area as complete denture
posteriorly
Have large surface area of mucosal contact
improves potential for retention
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
40/47
Full Palatal PlateFull Palatal Plate
Generally of cast metal
Acrylic resin used in interim prostheses
Generally of cast metal
Acrylic resin used in interim prostheses
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
41/47
Palatal StrapPalatal Strap
Usually use for Class III & IV cases
Wide anterio-posteriorly
Usually use for Class III & IV cases
Wide anterio-posteriorly
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
42/47
Palatal BarPalatal Bar
Dont use
Narrow anterio-posteriorly
Thick occluso-gingivally
Palatal bar objectionable due to bulk
Dont use
Narrow anterio-posteriorly
Thick occluso-gingivally
Palatal bar objectionable due to bulk
(Fig 2-24, Stewart's)
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
43/47
Palatal Strap (or Bar)Palatal Strap (or Bar)
Never use in cases involving distal extensions orreplacement of anterior teeth since it must be
made bulky for rigidity
Relief may be required over bony midline
Not used with torus
Neveruse in cases involving distal extensions orreplacement of anterior teeth since it must be
made bulky for rigidity
Relief may be required over bony midline
Not used with torus
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
44/47
Anterior Palatal Plate(U-Shaped or "Horse-Shoe" Palatal Connector)
Anterior Palatal Plate(U-Shaped or "Horse-Shoe" Palatal Connector)
Poor connector
Never use unlessabsolutely necessary
Requires bulk in the
rugae area (wherethe tongue requires
freedom) for rigidity
Poor connector
Neveruse unlessabsolutely necessary
Requires bulk in the
rugae area (where
the tongue requires
freedom) for rigidity
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
45/47
Anterior Palatal PlateAnterior Palatal Plate
Too flexible
Allows movement at the posterior Traumatic to the residual ridge
Use only where torus prohibits other
connectors
Too flexible
Allows movement at the posterior Traumatic to the residual ridge
Use only where torus prohibits other
connectors
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
46/47
Flexes, impinging on soft tissue
-
7/25/2019 Major Connectors IN RPD
47/47
Unilateral RPDUnilateral RPD
Dangerous
Avoidaspiration
Dangerous
Avoidaspiration